GetWiki

{{Short description|History of the Ubuntu operating system}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}{{Use British English|date=March 2023}}(File:Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Desktop English.png|thumb|300px|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat)Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, its developers, using the year and month of the release as a version number. The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October 2004.{{Citation |title=The story of Ubuntu |url=https://ubuntu.com/about |work=Ubuntu |access-date=2023-08-12}} Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is delayed until a different month (or even year) than planned, the version number will change accordingly.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases, TimeBasedReleases, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, Canonical schedules Ubuntu releases to occur approximately one month after GNOME releases, resulting in each Ubuntu release including a newer version of GNOME.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases, Releases, 28 February 2010, Canonical Ltd., WEB,wiki.gnome.org/ReleasePlanning/TimeBased, GNOME’s Time-Based Release Schedule, Gnome Live Wiki, 27 August 2010, MAILING LIST,lists.freedesktop.org/archives/xorg-devel/2009-September/002330.html, New release process, 30 August 2009, 2023-08-12, xorg-devel, Stone, Daniel, Every fourth release, occurring in the second quarter of even-numbered years, has been designated as a long-term support (LTS) release.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS, LTS, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, The desktop version of LTS releases for 10.04 and earlier were supported for three years, with server version support for five years. LTS releases 12.04 and newer are freely supported for five years. Through the ESM paid option, support can be extended even longer, up to a total of ten years for 18.04.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life, Release end of life, Canonical Ltd., 28 April 2018, The support period for non-LTS releases is 9 months.WEB, Ubuntu Technical Board Looks at Shuttleworth’s Proposal for Release Management Methodology,fridge.ubuntu.com/2013/03/19/ubuntu-technical-board-looks-at-shuttleworths-proposal-for-release-management-methodology/, Ubuntu Fridge, 2023-08-12, Prior to 13.04, it had been 18 months.

Version timeline

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Version end-of-life

After each version of Ubuntu has reached its end-of-life time, its repositories are removed from the main Ubuntu servers and consequently the mirrors.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-mirrors-announce/2007-May/000010.html, Old packages from unsupported Ubuntu releases will be removed from archive.ubuntu.com, Moffitt, Nick, ubuntu-mirrors-announce, 31 May 2007, 1 December 2008, Older versions of Ubuntu repositories and releases can be found on the old Ubuntu releases website.WEB,releases.ubuntu.com/, Ubuntu Releases, Ubuntu, 11 August 2008, WEB,old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/, Old Ubuntu Releases, Old-releases.ubuntu.com, 17 July 2013,

Naming convention

Ubuntu releases are also given code names, using an adjective and an animal with the same first letter â€“ an alliteration, e.g., “Dapper Drake”. With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, and except for the first three releases, the first letters are sequential, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer. As of Ubuntu 17.10, however, the initial letter “rolled over” and returned to “A”. Names are occasionally chosen so that animal appearance or habits reflects some new feature, e.g., “Koala’s favourite leaf is Eucalyptus”; see below. Ubuntu releases are often referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name, e.g., “Feisty”.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames, DevelopmentCodeNames, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 8 May 2009,

Release history

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-410-20080706.png|thumb|Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog))Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog), released on 20 October 2004, is Canonical’s first release of Ubuntu, building upon Debian, with plans for a new release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2004-October/000003.html, Ubuntu 4.10 announcement, 20 October 2004, 19 August 2008, ubuntu-announce, Shuttleworth, Mark, Mark Shuttleworth, It used the ext3 file system. Support ended on 30 April 2006.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2006-March/000061.html, Ubuntu 4.10 reaches end of life on 30 April 2006, 28 March 2006, 19 August 2008, ubuntu-announce, Zimmerman, Matt, Ubuntu 4.10 was offered as a free download and, through Canonical’s ShipIt service,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/shipit, ShipIt has closed, 21 November 2012, was also mailed to users free of charge in CD format.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2004-October/000003.html, Announcing Ubuntu 4.10 “The Warty Warthog Release”, 20 October 2004, 20 April 2013,

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-504-20080706.png|thumb|Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog))Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog), released on 8 April 2005,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/504, 5.04 Release Notes, 8 April 2005, 19 August 2008,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/504," title="web.archive.org/web/20080430232054www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/504,">web.archive.org/web/20080430232054www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/504, 30 April 2008, is Canonical’s second release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 31 October 2006.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-security-announce/2006-October/000418.html, Ubuntu 5.04 reaches end-of-life on 31 October 2006, 23 October 2006, 19 August 2008, ubuntu-security-announce, Armstrong, Christina, Ubuntu 5.04 added many new features and packages including installation from USB devices, the Update Manager,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/upgrade, Get Ubuntu: Upgrade, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, an upgrade notifier, readahead, grepmap, suspend, hibernating and standby support, dynamic frequency scaling for processors, the Ubuntu hardware database, Kickstart installation, and APT authentication.WEB,www.tuxradar.com/content/road-jaunty-look-back-ubuntus-history, The road to Jaunty: a look back at Ubuntu’s history, Tux Radar, 23 April 2009, 19 August 2008, 26 April 2009,www.tuxradar.com/content/road-jaunty-look-back-ubuntus-history," title="web.archive.org/web/20090426130117www.tuxradar.com/content/road-jaunty-look-back-ubuntus-history,">web.archive.org/web/20090426130117www.tuxradar.com/content/road-jaunty-look-back-ubuntus-history, dead, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/DraftHoaryReleaseAnnouncement, DraftHoaryReleaseAnnouncement, 31 July 2005, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 5 March 2008, dead,web.archive.org/web/20061110222541/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DraftHoaryReleaseAnnouncement, 10 November 2006, Beginning with Ubuntu 5.04, UTF-8 became the default character encoding.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/HoaryGoals, HoaryGoals, Ubuntu Wiki, Canonical, 3 September 2010, dead,web.archive.org/web/20061110215824/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HoaryGoals, 10 November 2006,

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-510-20080706.png|thumb|Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger))Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger), released on 12 October 2005,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/510, Ubuntu 5.10 release notes, Canonical Ltd.,www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/releasenotes/510," title="web.archive.org/web/20140528185958www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/releasenotes/510,">web.archive.org/web/20140528185958www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/releasenotes/510, 28 May 2014, 12 August 2018, is Canonical’s third release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 13 April 2007.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-security-announce/2007-March/000504.html, Ubuntu 5.10 reaches end-of-life on 13 April 2007, ubuntu-security-announce, Fog Heen, Tollef, 14 March 2007, 19 August 2008, Ubuntu 5.10 added several new features including a graphical bootloader (Usplash), an Add/Remove Applications tool,WEB,help.ubuntu.com/7.04/add-applications/C/gnome-app-install.html, Add/Remove Applications, 11 October 2010, Community Ubuntu Documentation, Canonical Ltd., dead,web.archive.org/web/20070705212514/https://help.ubuntu.com/7.04/add-applications/C/gnome-app-install.html, 5 July 2007, a menu editor (Alacarte), an easy language selector, logical volume management support, full Hewlett-Packard printer support, OEM installer support, a new Ubuntu logo in the top-left, and Launchpad integration for bug reporting and software development.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/BreezyReleaseNotes, BreezyReleaseNotes, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 31 July 2005, 5 March 2008, dead,web.archive.org/web/20061110212949/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BreezyReleaseNotes, 10 November 2006,

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-606-20080706.png|thumb|Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake))Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), released on 1 June 2006,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/606, Ubuntu 6.06 LTS release notes, Canonical Ltd.,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/606," title="web.archive.org/web/20080514102608www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/606,">web.archive.org/web/20080514102608www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/606, 14 May 2008, live, 19 August 2008, is Canonical’s fourth release of Ubuntu, and the first long-term support (LTS) release. Ubuntu 6.06 was released behind schedule, having been intended as 6.04. It is sometimes jokingly described as their first “Late To Ship” (LTS) release.WEB,netsplit.com/happy-10th-birthday-ubuntu, Happy 10th Birthday, Ubuntu, Remnant, Scott James, 19 October 2014, 20 October 2014,netsplit.com/happy-10th-birthday-ubuntu," title="web.archive.org/web/20141124103005netsplit.com/happy-10th-birthday-ubuntu,">web.archive.org/web/20141124103005netsplit.com/happy-10th-birthday-ubuntu, 24 November 2014, dead, Development was not complete in April 2006 and Mark Shuttleworth approved slipping the release date to June, making it 6.06 instead.WEB,fullcirclemagazine.org/download-manager.php?id=3, Full Circle Magazine Issue 0, 9 June 2009, Full Circle (magazine), Full Circle, April 2007, dead,fullcirclemagazine.org/download-manager.php?id=3," title="web.archive.org/web/20081228223356fullcirclemagazine.org/download-manager.php?id=3,">web.archive.org/web/20081228223356fullcirclemagazine.org/download-manager.php?id=3, 28 December 2008, Support ended on 14 July 2009 for desktops and ended in June 2011 for servers.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2009-July/000123.html, Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Desktop Edition reaches end-of-life on 14 July 2009, 8 July 2009, 27 August 2010, ubuntu-announce, Langasek, Steve, Ubuntu 6.06 included several new features, including having the Live CD and Install CD merged onto one disc,WEB,help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCD, LiveCD, Community Ubuntu Documentation, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, a graphical installer on Live CD (Ubiquity), Usplash on shutdown as well as startup, a network manager for easy switching of multiple wired and wireless connections, Humanlooks theme implemented using Tango guidelines, based on Clearlooks and featuring orange colors instead of brown, and GDebi graphical installer for package files.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/DapperDrake, DapperDrake, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 26 January 2007, 5 March 2008, Ubuntu 6.06 did not include a means to install from a USB device, but did for the first time allow installation directly onto removable USB devices.

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-610-20080708.png|thumb|Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft))Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft), released on 26 October 2006,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/610, Ubuntu 6.10 release notes, 21 December 2006, dead,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/610," title="web.archive.org/web/20070316045706www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/610,">web.archive.org/web/20070316045706www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/610, 16 March 2007, is Canonical’s fifth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 25 April 2008.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu610end-of-life, End of Life announcement for Ubuntu 6.10, Canonical Ltd., 25 March 2008, 1 April 2008, 17 December 2014,web.archive.org/web/20141217032037/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu610end-of-life, dead, Ubuntu 6.10 added several new features including a heavily modified Human theme, Upstart init daemon, automated crash reports (Apport), Tomboy note taking application, and F-Spot photo manager. EasyUbuntu, a third party program designed to make Ubuntu easier to use, was included in Ubuntu 6.10 as a meta-package.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/EdgyReleaseNotes, EdgyReleaseNotes, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 16 October 2007, 5 March 2008, dead,web.archive.org/web/20070613101414/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/EdgyReleaseNotes, 13 June 2007,

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

(File:Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn.png|thumb|Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn))Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn), released on 19 April 2007,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/704, Ubuntu 7.04 release notes, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, 25 August 2010,www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/704," title="web.archive.org/web/20100825023605www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/704,">web.archive.org/web/20100825023605www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/704, dead, is Canonical’s sixth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 19 October 2008.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2008-September/000113.html, Ubuntu 7.04 reaches end-of-life on 19 October 2008, 26 August 2008, 27 August 2010, ubuntu-announce, Langasek, Steve, Ubuntu 7.04 included several new features, among them a migration assistant to help former Microsoft Windows users transition to Ubuntu, support for Kernel-based Virtual Machine, assisted codec and restricted drivers installation including Adobe Flash, Java, MP3 support, easier installation of Nvidia and ATI drivers, Compiz desktop effects, support for Wi-Fi Protected Access, the addition of Sudoku and chess, a disk usage analyzer (baobab), GNOME Control Center, and zeroconf support for many devices.

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-710-20080708.png|thumb|Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon))Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), released on 18 October 2007,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/GutsyReleaseSchedule, GutsyReleaseSchedule, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 19 August 2008, is Canonical’s seventh release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 18 April 2009.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-7.10-eol, End of Life announcement for Ubuntu 7.10, Canonical Ltd., 27 March 2008, dead,www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-7.10-eol," title="web.archive.org/web/20090505184359www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-7.10-eol,">web.archive.org/web/20090505184359www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-7.10-eol, 5 May 2009, Ubuntu 7.10 included several new features, among them AppArmor security framework,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/tribe3, Gutsy Gibbon – Tribe 3 test release, 2 June 2008, fast desktop search,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/tribe4, Gutsy Gibbon – Tribe 4 test release, 2 June 2008, a Firefox plug-in manager (Ubufox),WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/tribe5, Gutsy Gibbon – Tribe 5 test release, 2 June 2008, a graphical configuration tool for X.Org, full NTFS support (read/write) via NTFS-3G, and a revamped printing system with PDF printing by default. Compiz Fusion was enabled as default in Ubuntu 7.10WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/tribe2, Gutsy Gibbon – Tribe 2 test release, 2 June 2008, and Fast user switching was added.

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

(File:Ubuntu-desktop-2-804-20080708.png|thumb|Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron))Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron), released on 24 April 2008,MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2008-April/000111.html, Ubuntu 8.04 LTS released, 24 April 2008, 27 August 2010, ubuntu-announce, Ubuntu Announcements, WEB,launchpad.net/ubuntu/+milestone/ubuntu-8.04, Milestone ubuntu-8.04 for Ubuntu due 24 April 2008, 19 August 2008, WEB,www.jonobacon.org/?p=1017, Introducing the Hardy Heron, 29 August 2007, 19 August 2008, 1 May 2008,www.jonobacon.org/?p=1017," title="web.archive.org/web/20080501050342www.jonobacon.org/?p=1017,">web.archive.org/web/20080501050342www.jonobacon.org/?p=1017, dead, is Canonical’s eighth release of Ubuntu and the second long-term support release.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue36#head-1999d566299f6428162eb2f60acf5d12ad93f5d9, Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter: Issue 36, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 2 July 2008, WEB,news.cnet.com/2100-7344_3-6175365.html?hhTest=1&part=rss&tag=2547-1_3-0-5&subj=news, Ubuntu’s new Linux sports debugging tool, 19 August 2008, Support ended on 12 May 2011 for desktopsWEB,ubuntu-news.org/2011/04/11/ubuntu-8-04-reaches-end-of-life-on-may-12-2011/, Ubuntu 8.04 reaches end-of-life on 12 May 2011, 15 May 2011, Handler, N., April 2011, and ended on 9 May 2013 for servers.WEB,fridge.ubuntu.com/2013/05/10/ubuntu-8-04-hardy-heron-end-of-life-reached-on-may-9-2013/, Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) End of Life reached on May 9, 2013, 10 May 2013, Ubuntu Fridge, 12 August 2018, Ubuntu 8.04 included several new features, among them Tracker desktop search integration,WEB,arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071101-ubuntu-developer-summit-lays-out-vision-for-strong-hardy-heron-release.html, Ubuntu developer summit Boston, 1 November 2007, 2 June 2008, dead,arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071101-ubuntu-developer-summit-lays-out-vision-for-strong-hardy-heron-release.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080507183105arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071101-ubuntu-developer-summit-lays-out-vision-for-strong-hardy-heron-release.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080507183105arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20071101-ubuntu-developer-summit-lays-out-vision-for-strong-hardy-heron-release.html, 7 May 2008, Brasero disk burner, Transmission BitTorrent client, Vinagre VNC client,MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/hardy-changes/2008-January/004677.html, Accepted: ubuntu-meta 1.87 (source), 14 January 2008, 21 January 2008, hardy-changes, Pitt, Martin, system sound through PulseAudio,WEB,blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+spec/cleanup-audio-jumble, Blueprint: “Fix the Linux audio mess once and for all”, 3 November 2006, 19 July 2008, and Active Directory authentication and login using Likewise Open.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-8.04-lts-server, Latest Server Release Expands Ubuntu Enterprise Profile, 21 April 2008, 5 July 2008, 21 August 2008,www.ubuntu.com./news/ubuntu-8.04-lts-server," title="web.archive.org/web/20080821113810www.ubuntu.com./news/ubuntu-8.04-lts-server,">web.archive.org/web/20080821113810www.ubuntu.com./news/ubuntu-8.04-lts-server, dead, In addition Ubuntu 8.04 included updates for better Tango compliance,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/Artwork/Incoming/Hardy, Hardy Heron Artwork, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 19 August 2008, various Compiz usability improvements, automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor when running on a VMware virtual machine, and an easier method to remove Ubuntu. Ubuntu 8.04 was the first version of Ubuntu to include the Wubi installer on the Live CD that allows Ubuntu to be installed as a single file on a Windows hard drive without the need to repartition the disk. The first version of the Ubuntu Netbook Remix was also introduced.WEB,webtrickz.com/download-ubuntu-eee-8041-for-your-eee-pc-free/, Download Ubuntu Eee 8.04.1 for your Eee PC, Webtrickz, 29 October 2008,

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)

File:Ubuntu screenshot.png|thumb|Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). The default wallpaper depicts an IbexIbexUbuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex), released on 30 October 2008,MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2008-October/000116.html, Ubuntu 8.10 released, 30 October 2008, 27 August 2010, ubuntu-announce, Ubuntu Announcements, WEB,launchpad.net/ubuntu/+milestone/ubuntu-8.10, Milestone ubuntu-8.10 for Ubuntu due 30 October 2008, 28 April 2008, is Canonical’s ninth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 30 April 2010.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-security-announce/2010-March/001067.html, Ubuntu 8.10 reaches end-of-life on 30 April 2010, 29 March 2010, 27 August 2010, ubuntu-security-announce, Langasek, Steve, dead,web.archive.org/web/20121215114257/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-security-announce/2010-March/001067.html, 15 December 2012, Ubuntu 8.10 introduced several new features including improvements to mobile computing and desktop scalability, increased flexibility for Internet connectivity, an Ubuntu Live USB creator and a guest account,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopTeam/Specs/Intrepid/GuestAccount, Guest account specification, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 19 August 2008, which allowed others to use a computer allowing very limited user rights (e.g. accessing the Internet, using software and checking e-mail).WEB,lifehacker.com/5072351/a-users-look-at-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex, A User’s Look at Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid Ibex, Thomas, Keir, 31 October 2008, 27 August 2010, The guest account had its own home folder and nothing done on it was stored permanently on the computer’s hard disk.WEB,www.mopedia.co.uk/2008/09/ubuntu-intrepid-ibex-features.html, Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex Features, MoPedia, 5 September 2008, 27 August 2010,www.mopedia.co.uk/2008/09/ubuntu-intrepid-ibex-features.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120310104323www.mopedia.co.uk/2008/09/ubuntu-intrepid-ibex-features.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120310104323www.mopedia.co.uk/2008/09/ubuntu-intrepid-ibex-features.html, 10 March 2012, Intrepid Ibex also included an encrypted private directory for users,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/EncryptedPrivateDirectory, EncryptedPrivateDirectory, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010, the inclusion of Dynamic Kernel Module Support, a tool that allows kernel drivers to be automatically rebuilt when new kernels are released, and support for creating USB flash drive images.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/IntrepidIbex/TechnicalOverview, IntrepidIbex/TechnicalOverview, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 27 August 2010,

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

(File:Ubuntu 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope.png|thumb|Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope))Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope), released on 23 April 2009,MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2009-April/000122.html, Ubuntu 9.04 released, Ubuntu Announcements, ubuntu-announce, 23 April 2009, 23 April 2009, is Canonical’s tenth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 23 October 2010.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2010-September/000137.html, Ubuntu 9.04 reaches end-of-life on 23 October 2010, Robbie Williamson, ubuntu-announce, 23 September 2009, 3 October 2010, New features included faster boot timeWEB,www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/first-look-ubuntu-904-jaunty-jackalope-release-candidate/4181, First look: Ubuntu 9.04 “Jaunty Jackalope” Release Candidate | Hardware 2.0, ZDNet, 20 April 2009, 30 April 2010, dead,www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/first-look-ubuntu-904-jaunty-jackalope-release-candidate/4181," title="web.archive.org/web/20100619163001www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/first-look-ubuntu-904-jaunty-jackalope-release-candidate/4181,">web.archive.org/web/20100619163001www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/first-look-ubuntu-904-jaunty-jackalope-release-candidate/4181, 19 June 2010, and integration of web services and applications into the desktop interface. Because of that, they named it after the mythical jackalope.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2008-September/000481.html, Introducing the Jaunty Jackalope, Lists.ubuntu.com, 11 September 2008, 25 May 2012, It was the first release named after a mythical animal, the second being Utopic Unicorn. It had a new usplash screen, a new login screen and also support for both Wacom (hotplugging) and netbooks. It also included a new notification system, Notify OSD,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/NotifyOSD, NotifyOSD, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 30 April 2009, and themes. It marked the first time that all of Ubuntu’s core development moved to the GNU Bazaar distributed version control system.MAILING LIST, Shuttleworth, Mark,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2008-September/000481.html, 28 September 2008, ubuntu-devel-announce, Introducing the Jaunty Jackalope, 9 September 2008, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/JauntyReleaseSchedule, JauntyReleaseSchedule, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 3 March 2009, Ubuntu 9.04 was the first version to support the ARM architecture with native support for ARMv5EL and ARMv6EL-VFP.NEWS,www.geek.com/mobile/ubuntu-904-due-april-23-include-native-arm-port-741801/, Ubuntu 9.04 due April 23, includes native ARM port, 15 March 2015, Hodgin, Rick, 14 April 2009, News Organization, 11 December 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191211214738/https://www.geek.com/mobile/ubuntu-904-due-april-23-include-native-arm-port-741801/, dead,

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

(File:Ubuntu 9.10.png|thumb|Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala))Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala), released on 29 October 2009,MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2009-October/000127.html, Ubuntu 9.10 released, Ubuntu Announcements, ubuntu-announce, 29 October 2009, 27 August 2010, is Canonical’s 11th release of Ubuntu. Support ended on April 2011.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/KarmicReleaseSchedule, KarmicReleaseSchedule, Ubuntu Team Wiki, Canonical Ltd., 3 March 2009, WEB, Ubuntu reaches end-of-life on April 30, 2011,ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1716760, 30 April 2011, The desktop installation of Ubuntu 9.10 replaced Pidgin with Empathy Instant Messenger as its default instant messaging client.WEB,launchpad.net/ubuntu/karmic/i386/empathy, “empathy” binary package in Ubuntu Karmic i386, 27 August 2010, The default filesystem is ext4, and the Ubuntu One client, which interfaces with Canonical’s new online storage system, is installed by default.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/karmic/alpha3, Karmic Koala Alpha 3, Canonical Ltd., 29 October 2009, 30 April 2010, It introduced Grub 2 beta as its default bootloader.WEB,help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2, Grub2 â€“ Community Ubuntu Documentation, Help.ubuntu.com, 25 May 2012, It also replaced Add/Remove Programs (gnome-app-install) with Ubuntu Software Center, while Canonical stated their intention to possibly replace Synaptic, Software Sources, Gdebi and Update Manager in Ubuntu 10.04.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=ubuntu_software_store&num=1, Canonical Unveils The Ubuntu Software Store, 15 August 2009, Larabel, Michael, August 2009, Karmic Koala also includes a slideshow during the installation process (through ubiquity-slideshow) that highlights applications and features in Ubuntu.In an announcement to the community on 20 February 2009, Shuttleworth explained that 9.10 would focus on improvements in cloud computing on the server using Eucalyptus,WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2009-February/000536.html, Introducing the Karmic Koala, our mascot for Ubuntu 9.10, Lists.ubuntu.com, 19 February 2009, 25 May 2012, a new theme, as well as further improvements in boot speed and development of the Ubuntu Netbook Remix.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2009-February/000536.html, Introducing the Karmic Koala, our mascot for Ubuntu 9.10, 21 February 2009, Shuttleworth, Mark, ubuntu-devel-announce, February 2009, The new theme was later delayed to version 10.04, and only minor revisions were made to the default theme. Other graphical improvements included a new set of boot up and shutdown splash screens, a new login screen with a new transition into the desktop and greatly improved performance on Intel graphics chip-sets.WEB,news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-9-10-Alpha-1-Released-113881.shtml, Ubuntu 9.10 Alpha 2 Released – The Karmic Koala Chronicles, 22 June 2009, Nestor, Marius, June 2009, In June 2009, Canonical created the One Hundred Paper Cuts project, focusing developers to fix minor usability issues. A “paper cut” was defined as, “a trivially fixable usability bug that the average user would encounter on his/her first day of using a brand new installation of the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop Edition.“WEB,launchpad.net/hundredpapercuts, One Hundred Paper Cuts, June 2009, 27 August 2010,

Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

(File:Ubuntu 10.04 screenshot.png|thumb|Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx))Shuttleworth first announced Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) on 19 September 2009 at the Atlanta Linux Fest before it was released on 29 April 2010.MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2010-April/000133.html, Ubuntu 10.04 LTS released, Ubuntu Announcements, ubuntu-announce, 29 April 2010, 27 August 2010, WEB,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/09/ubuntu-1004-lts-announced-codenamed-lucid-lynx.ars, Ubuntu 10.04 LTS announced, codenamed Lucid Lynx, 24 October 2009, Paul, Ryan, September 2009, It is Canonical’s 12th release of Ubuntu and its third long-term support (LTS) release. Canonical provided support for the desktop version of Ubuntu 10.04 until 9 May 2013 and for the server version until 30 April 2015.WEB,linux.softpedia.com/blog/Ubuntu-10-04-LTS-Lucid-Lynx-Reached-End-of-Life-on-April-30-2015-479847.shtml, Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) Reached End of Life on April 30, 2015, Marius Nestor, 30 April 2015, Softpedia, 1 May 2015, The release included improved support for Nvidia proprietary graphics drivers while switching to the open source Nvidia graphics driver, Nouveau, by default.WEB,bugs.edge.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-video-nv/+bug/454821/comments/2, Bug #454821 : Bugs : “xserver-xorg-video-nv” package : Ubuntu, 24 February 2010, Canonical Ltd., 2010, Plymouth was also introduced, allowing boot animations.WEB,edge.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/plymouth/+publishinghistory, Publishing history of “plymouth” package in Ubuntu, 29 June 2010, Canonical Ltd., June 2010, It also included a video editor for the first time by including Pitivi.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/05/pitivi-to-be-removed-as-default-app-in-ubuntu-11-10/, Video editor PiTiVi to be removed as default app in Ubuntu 11.10, 14 May 2011, Sneddon, Joey, May 2011, OMG Ubuntu, GIMP was replaced with F-Spot due to the former’s complexity and file size.WEB,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/11/giving-up-the-gimp-is-a-sign-of-ubuntus-mainstream-maturity.ars, Giving up the GIMP is a sign of Ubuntu’s mainstream maturity, 1 May 2010, Paul, Ryan, November 2009, The distribution also included integrated interfaces for posting to social media.On 4 March 2010 it was announced that Lucid Lynx would feature a new theme, including new logos, taking Ubuntu’s new visual style into account:WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/Brand#Light:%20Ubuntu%20is%20Lightware, Light: Ubuntu is Lightware, ubuntu.com, 4 March 2010,web.archive.org/web/20220523203914/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Brand#Light:%20Ubuntu%20is%20Lightware, 2022-05-23, dead, {{Blockquote | The new style in Ubuntu is inspired by the idea of “Light”.We’re drawn to Light, because it denotes both warmth and clarity, and intrigued by the idea that “light” is a good value in software. Good software is “light” in the sense that it uses your resources efficiently, runs quickly, and can easily be reshaped as needed. Ubuntu represents a break with the bloatware of proprietary operating systems and an opportunity to delight to those who use computers for work and play. More and more of our communications are powered by light, and in future, our processing power will depend on our ability to work with light, too.Visually, light is beautiful, light is ethereal, light brings clarity and comfort.Historical perspective: From 2004–2010, the theme in Ubuntu was “Human”. Our tagline was “Linux for Human Beings” and we used a palette reflective of the full range of humanity. Our focus as a project was bringing Linux from the data center into the lives of our friends and global family.|Chris Jones|Light: Ubuntu is Lightware|Ubuntu Wiki}}The new theme met with mixed critical responses. Ars Technica’s Ryan Paul said: “The new themes and updated color palette are nice improvement for Ubuntu ... After testing the new theme for several hours, I feel like it’s a step forward, but it still falls a bit short of my expectations.” One aspect of controversy from the new design was the placement of the window-control buttons on the left instead of on the right side of the windows.WEB,arstechnica.com/open-source/reviews/2010/03/hands-on-a-close-look-at-ubuntus-new-non-brown-theme.ars, Hands-on: a close look at Ubuntu’s new non-brown theme, 8 March 2010, Paul, Ryan, 5 March 2010, WEB,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2010/03/ubuntu-dumps-the-brown-introduces-new-theme.ars, Ubuntu dumps the brown, introduces new theme and branding, 8 March 2010, Paul, Ryan, March 2010, TechSource’s Jun Auza expressed concern that the new theme was too close to that used by Apple’s Mac OS X: “I think Ubuntu is having an identity crisis right now and should seriously consider changing several things in terms of look and feel to avoid being branded as a Mac OS X rip-off, or worse, get sued by Apple. I believe the fans are divided right now. Some have learned to love the brown color scheme since it uniquely represents Ubuntu, while others wanted change.“WEB,www.junauza.com/2010/03/ubuntus-new-look-pale-imitation-of-mac.html, Ubuntu’s New Look, a Pale Imitation of Mac OS X?, 8 March 2010, Auza, Jun, March 2010,

Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

(File:UbuntuMaverickDesktop.png|thumb|Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat))The naming of Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat) was announced by Shuttleworth on 2 April 2010, along with the release’s goals of improving the netbook experience and a server focus on hybrid cloud computing. Ubuntu 10.10 was released on 10 October 2010 (10.10.10) at around 10:10 UTC.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336, Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat, 2 April 2010, 27 August 2010, MAILING LIST,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2010-October/000139.html, Ubuntu 10.10 Release Announcement, Robbie Williamson, ubuntu-announce, 16 October 2010, WEB,www.neowin.net/news/ubuntu-1010-maverick-meerkat-released, Article on Ubuntu 10.10 Release, Andrew Lyle, 18 October 2010, This is a departure from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October to get “the perfect 10”,WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336, Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat, Mark Shuttleworth, 2 April 2010, 8 June 2010, and a playful reference to The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, since, in binary, 101010 is equal to the number 42, the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything” within the series.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html, ubuntu-marketing: 10.10.10, Mark Shuttleworth, 11 May 2010, lists.ubuntu.com, 4 February 2011, dead,web.archive.org/web/20160823100915/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html, 23 August 2016, It is Canonical’s 13th release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 10 April 2012.“Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat) end-of-life”, fridge.ubuntu.com New features included the new Unity interface for the Netbook Edition, a new default photo manager, Shotwell, replacing F-Spot, the ability to purchase applications in the Software Center, and an official Ubuntu font used by default.NEWS,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2010/10/ubuntu-1010-arrives-with-impressive-new-netbook-environment.ars, Ubuntu 10.10 arrives with impressive new netbook environment, 15 October 2010, Paul, Ryan, October 2010, Ars Technica,

Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)

File:Ubuntu-11-04-zxx.png|thumb|Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop (Natty Narwhal) using Unity ]]The naming of Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) was announced on 17 August 2010 by Mark Shuttleworth.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/478, N-imal?, Mark Shuttleworth, 17 August 2010, 17 August 2010, Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal was released on 28 April 2011.NEWS, Paul, Ryan, Ubuntu 11.04 released, a Natty Narwhal rises from the depths,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2011/04/ubuntu-1104-released-a-natty-narwhal-rises-from-the-depths.ars, 29 April 2011, Ars Technica, 28 April 2011, It is Canonical’s 14th release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 28 October 2012.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/ubuntu-11-04-support-ends-today, Ubuntu 11.04 Support Ends Today, 28 October 2012, Sneddon, Joey, 28 October 2012, OMG Ubuntu, Ubuntu 11.04 used the Unity user interface instead of GNOME 2 as default. The move to Unity was controversial as some GNOME developers feared it would fracture the community and marginalize GNOME Shell.WEB,blogs.computerworld.com/17224/ubuntu_changes_its_desktop_from_gnome_to_unity, Ubuntu changes its desktop from GNOME to Unity, Mark Shuttleworth, 25 October 2010, 26 October 2010, 9 November 2010,blogs.computerworld.com/17224/ubuntu_changes_its_desktop_from_gnome_to_unity," title="web.archive.org/web/20101109010006blogs.computerworld.com/17224/ubuntu_changes_its_desktop_from_gnome_to_unity,">web.archive.org/web/20101109010006blogs.computerworld.com/17224/ubuntu_changes_its_desktop_from_gnome_to_unity, dead, NEWS,arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2010/10/shuttleworth-unity-shell-will-be-default-desktop-in-ubuntu-1104.ars, Shuttleworth: Unity shell will be default desktop in Ubuntu 11.04, 26 October 2010, Paul, Ryan, October 2010, Ars Technica, Ubuntu 11.04 employed Banshee as the default music player, replacing Rhythmbox. Other new applications included OpenStack,WEB, Prickett, Timothy,www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/, Ubuntu eats OpenStack for clouds, The Register, 10 May 2011, 21 October 2011, Firefox 4,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/NattyNarwhal/TechnicalOverview#Ubuntu, Default Applications Listing for 11.04, Wiki.ubuntu.com, 26 June 2011, 21 October 2011, and LibreOffice, which replaced OpenOffice.org.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2011-January/032298.html, LibreOffice for natty, replacing the current OpenOffice packaging, 3 January 2011, Lists.ubuntu.com, 21 October 2011, The Ubuntu Netbook Edition was merged into the desktop edition.WEB,www.ubuntu.com/testing/natty/alpha1, Natty Narwhal Alpha 1, Canonical Ltd, December 2010,www.ubuntu.com/testing/natty/alpha1," title="web.archive.org/web/20101229232327www.ubuntu.com/testing/natty/alpha1,">web.archive.org/web/20101229232327www.ubuntu.com/testing/natty/alpha1, 29 December 2010, 15 August 2018, live, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch criticized the instability of the release. NEWS,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20110509#feature, A look at Ubuntu 11.04, 10 May 2011, Smith, Jesse, May 2011, DistroWatch,

Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

(File:Ubuntu 11.10 Final.png|right|thumb|Ubuntu 11.10 final release (13 October 2011) running Unity 4.22.0)The naming of Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) was announced on 7 March 2011 by Mark Shuttleworth. He explained that Oneiric means “dreamy”.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/646, Next after Natty?, 9 September 2011, Shuttleworth, Mark, March 2011, Ubuntu 11.10 was released on 13 October 2011. It is Canonical’s 15th release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 9 May 2013.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/OneiricReleaseSchedule, OneiricReleaseSchedule – Ubuntu Wiki, Wiki.ubuntu.com, 7 October 2011, 21 October 2011, In April 2011, Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 11.10 would not include the classic GNOME desktop as a fall back to Unity. Instead, 11.10 included a 2D version of Unity as a fallback for computers that lacked the hardware resources for the Compiz-based 3D version. Shuttleworth also confirmed that Unity in Ubuntu 11.10 would run as a shell for GNOME 3 on top of GNOME 3 libraries, unlike in Ubuntu 11.04 where it ran as a shell for GNOME 2. Meanwhile, users were able to install the entire GNOME 3 stack along with GNOME Shell directly from the Ubuntu repositories.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/669, Celebrating Gnome 3.0, Mark Shuttleworth, During the development cycle there were many changes to Unity, including the placement of the Ubuntu button on the left Launcher instead of on the top Panel, the autohiding of the window controls (and the global menu) on maximized windows, and the introduction of window controls and more transparency into the Dash search utility.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/717, Dash takes shape for 11.10 Unity, 16 August 2011, Mark Shuttleworth, 21 October 2011, In May 2011, it was announced that Pitivi would be no longer part of the Ubuntu ISO, starting with Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot. The reasons given for removing it included poor user reception, lack of fit with the default user-case for Ubuntu, lack of polish and the application’s lack of development maturity. Other changes included the removal of the Synaptic package manager,WEB,www.webupd8.org/2011/06/synaptic-removed-from-ubuntu-1110-deja.html, synaptic removed from ubuntu 11.10, 23 June 2011, June 2011, and removing Computer Janitor, as it caused broken systems for users. Déjà Dup was added as Ubuntu’s backup program.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/05/app-changes-for-ubuntu-11-10-so-long-computer-janitor-hello-deja-dup/, App changes for Ubuntu 11.10: See ya, Computer Janitor and Hello Deja Dup!, 14 May 2011, Sneddon, Joey, May 2011, OMG Ubuntu, Mozilla Thunderbird replaced the GNOME Evolution email client.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/08/thunderbird-confirmed-default-mail-app-ubuntu-11-10/, Thunderbird Confirmed as Default Mail App For Ubuntu 11.10, 10 August 2011, Sneddon, Joey, August 2011, OMG Ubuntu,

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

(File:Ubuntu 12.04.png|thumb|Ubuntu 12.04 LTS desktop)Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) is Canonical’s 16th release of Ubuntu and its fourth long-term support (LTS) release, released on 26 April 2012.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/646, Next after Natty?, Mark Shuttleworth, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/PreciseReleaseSchedule, PreciseReleaseSchedule – Ubuntu Wiki, Wiki.ubuntu.com, 26 April 2012, It is named after the pangolin anteater.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/784, P is for ..., 5 October 2011, Shuttleworth, Mark, October 2011, While previous LTS releases have been supported for three years for the desktop version and five years for the server version, this release was supported for five years for both versions, and support ended on 28 April 2017.NEWS,arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed, Precision and purpose: Ubuntu 12.04 and the Unity HUD reviewed, 1 November 2012, Paul, Ryan, 28 May 2012, Ars Technica, NEWS,insights.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/, Ubuntu 12.04 to feature extended support period for desktop users, Canonical, 2 December 2017, Canonical continued to offer extended security maintenance to Advantage customers for an additional two years.NEWS,insights.ubuntu.com/2017/03/14/introducing-ubuntu-12-04-esm-extended-security-maintenance/, Introducing Ubuntu 12.04 ESM (Extended Security Maintenance), Canonical, 2 December 2017, Changes in this release include cutting the startup time for the Ubuntu Software Center by around 10 seconds, refinements to Unity that included the removal of the “window dodge” feature that made desktop panels hide from windows,WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/04/enable-dodge-unity-launcher-ubuntu-12-04, [How To] Enable Unity Launcher Dodge in Ubuntu 12.04, 30 April 2012, OMG! Ubuntu!, and a new head-up display (HUD) feature that allows hot key searching for application menu items from the keyboard, without needing the mouse. Shuttleworth claimed that the HUD will ultimately replace menus in Unity applications.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/939, Introducing the HUD. Say hello to the future of the menu., 25 January 2012, Shuttleworth, Mark, 24 January 2012, This release also switched the default media player from Banshee back to Rhythmbox and dropped the Tomboy note-taking application along with the supporting Mono framework.NEWS,www.webupd8.org/2011/11/expected-changes-in-ubuntu-1204-precise.html, Expected Changes in Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin, 8 November 2011, Alin, Andrei, 15 November 2011, Web Upd8, NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/11/banshee-tomboy-and-mono-dropped-from-ubuntu-12-04-cd/, Banshee, Tomboy And Mono Dropped from Ubuntu 12.04 CD, 8 November 2011, Sneddon, Joey, 4 November 2011, OMG Ubuntu, It also shipped with IPv6 privacy extensions, a feature introduced in 11.10, turned on by default.WEB, Graber, Stéphane, Networking in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS â€“ Bonding,www.stgraber.org/2012/01/04/networking-in-ubuntu-12-04-lts/, 16 August 2012, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch reviewed that while many people had questioned Ubuntu’s direction, he felt that the “puzzle pieces, which may have been underwhelming individually, have come together to form a whole, clear picture.” He wrote that Unity had grown to maturity, was non-traditional but attractive thanks to the HUD feature and reducing mouse travel, while criticizing its lack of flexibility, unsatisfactory performance in a virtual machine, and the HUD not working in many applications like LibreOffice.NEWS,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20120507#feature, Review of Ubuntu 12.04, 1 November 2013, Smith, Jesse, 7 May 2012, DistroWatch,

Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)

(File:Ubuntu Desktop 12.10.png|thumb|Ubuntu 12.10’s default desktop)On 23 April 2012, Shuttleworth announced Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) as the first of 4 releases that will culminate in LTS 14.04 and refresh the look, with work to be done on typography and iconography. The release takes its name from the quetzal, a species of Central American birds.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1121, Quality has a new name, 23 April 2012, Shuttleworth, Mark, 23 April 2012, It was released on 18 October 2012 and is Canonical’s 17th release of the operating system. Support ended on 16 May 2014.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/QuantalQuetzal/ReleaseSchedule, Quantal Quetzal Release Schedule, 24 April 2012, Canonical Ltd, 23 April 2012, Canonical (company), The Ubuntu Developer Summit held in May 2012 forecast this release to include an improved boot up sequence and log-in screen, “wrap around” dialogs and toolbars for the head-up display, and a vanilla version of Gnome-Shell as an option while dropping Unity 2D in favor of lower hardware requirements for Unity 3D.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/05/uds-q-summary-bye-bye-unity-2d-hello-gnome-shell-spin/, UDS-Q Summary: Bye-Bye Unity 2D, Hello GNOME-Shell Spin, 12 May 2012, Sneddon, Joey, 12 May 2012, OMG! Ubuntu!, It would ship with Python 3 in the image and Python 2 available via the “Python” package,WEB, Ubuntu, Quantal Quetzal TechnicalOverview Beta1,wiki.ubuntu.com/QuantalQuetzal/TechnicalOverview/Beta1/#Python_3.0, the PAE switched on by default in the kernel,WEB,help.ubuntu.com/community/EnablingPAE, EnablingPAE â€“ Community Ubuntu Documentation, Help.ubuntu.com, 21 October 2012, Ubuntu Web Apps, a means of running Web applications directly from the desktop without having to open a browser,WEB, Noyes, Katherine,www.pcworld.com/article/259514/ubuntu_linux_1210_will_integrate_web_apps_into_the_desktop.html, Ubuntu Linux 12.10 Will Integrate Web Apps into the Desktop | PCWorld Business Center, PC World, 16 July 2012, 20 July 2012, {{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} Nautilus 3.4 as its file manager to retain features deleted from later versions,WEB, Sneddon, Joey,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/ubuntu-12-10-will-ship-with-older-version-of-nautilus, Ubuntu 12.10 Will Ship With Older Version of Nautilus, OMG! Ubuntu!, 25 August 2012, 23 August 2012, and a new combined user, session and system menu.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/07/new-session-menu-lands-in-ubuntu-12-10, New Session Menu Lands in Ubuntu 12.10, 12 July 2012, Sneddon, Joey, 11 July 2012, OMG Ubuntu, In September 2012, Canonical’s Kate Stewart announced that the Ubuntu 12.10 image would not fit on a compact disc.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/09/its-official-the-ubuntu-livecd-is-dead, It’s Official: The Ubuntu LiveCD is Dead, 10 September 2012, Sneddon, Joey, 8 September 2012, OMG Ubuntu, However, a third-party project has created a version of Ubuntu 12.10 that fits on a CD with LZMA2 compression instead of the DEFLATE compression used on the official Ubuntu DVD image.WEB,code.google.com/p/ubuntucd/, ubuntucd â€“ CD compressed versions of Ubuntu â€“ Google Project Hosting, 21 October 2012, In the same month, it was announced that the version of Unity to be shipped with Ubuntu 12.10 would by default include searches from Amazon.com for searched terms.WEB, Sneddon, Joey,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/09/online-shopping-features-arrive-in-ubuntu-12-10, Online Shopping Feature Arrives in Ubuntu 12.10, OMG! Ubuntu!, 21 September 2012, 25 September 2012, This move caused immediate controversy among Ubuntu users, particularly with regard to privacy issues and European Directive 95/46/EC,NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law, Blogger Claims Ubuntu’s New Shopping Lens Breaks EU Law, 11 October 2012, Sneddon, Joey, 10 October 2012, OMG Ubuntu, and caused Shuttleworth to issue a statement indicating that this feature is not adware and labelled many of the objections as Fear, uncertainty, and doubt.WEB, Vaughan, Steven J.,www.zdnet.com/shuttleworth-defends-ubuntu-linux-integrating-amazon-7000004674/, Shuttleworth defends Ubuntu Linux integrating Amazon, ZDNet, 25 September 2012, Shuttleworth, Mark (23 September 2012), Amazon search results in the Dash. Retrieved 25 September 2012 Regardless, users filed a Launchpad bug report on the feature requesting that it be made a separate lens (mode for the search engine) and not included with general desktop searches for files, directories and applications.WEB,bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-lens-shopping/+bug/1054776, Bug #1054776 “Don’t include remote searches in the home lens” : Bugs : “unity-lens-shopping” package : Ubuntu, Bugs.launchpad.net, 20 September 2012, 25 September 2012, The degree of community push-back on the issue resulted in plans by the developers to make the dash and where it searches user-configurable via a GUI-setting dialogue. Despite concerns that the setting dialogue would not make the release, it was completed and is present in 12.10.WEB, Sneddon, Joey,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/09/is-an-off-switch-for-the-shopping-lens-in-the-works, Ubuntu 12.10 Amazon Shopping Results to be Made Optional, OMG! Ubuntu!, 26 September 2012, 25 September 2012, In reviewing Ubuntu 12.10 at the end of October 2012 for DistroWatch, Jesse Smith raised concerns that “Canonical reserves the right to share our keystrokes, search terms and IP address with a number of third parties”, and criticized the low performance and instability of the release.NEWS,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20121029#feature, Ubuntu 12.10 Desktop, 3 November 2012, Smith, Jesse, 29 October 2012, DistroWatch, In early November, the Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized how the release loaded products from Amazon through HTTP, subject to eavesdropping.{{Citation |last=Lee |first=Micah |title=Privacy in Ubuntu 12.10: Amazon Ads and Data Leaks |date=2012-10-29 |url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/10/privacy-ubuntu-1210-amazon-ads-and-data-leaks |orig-date=2012-10-29 |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en}} Jim Lynch gave a favorable review in December while noting concerns of software bloat.NEWS,desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/12/05/ubuntu-12-10/, Ubuntu 12.10, 6 December 2012, Lynch, Jim, 5 December 2012, Linux Desktop Reviews, dead,desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/12/05/ubuntu-12-10/," title="web.archive.org/web/20121210101221desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/12/05/ubuntu-12-10/,">web.archive.org/web/20121210101221desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/12/05/ubuntu-12-10/, 10 December 2012, dmy-all,

Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)

(File:Ubuntu 13.04 Desktop.png|thumb|Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail))On 17 October 2012, Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail) would focus on “mobile metrics, things like battery life, number of running processes, memory footprint, and polish the rough edges that we find when we do that.“WEB, Shuttleworth, Mark, Not the Runty Raccoon, the Rufflered Rhino or (even) the Randall Ross,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1195, 18 October 2012, 17 October 2012, It was released on 25 April 2013, and support ended on 27 January 2014.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/RaringRingtail/ReleaseSchedule, RaringRingtail/ReleaseSchedule â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, Wiki.ubuntu.com, 14 March 2013, 28 April 2013, The Wubi installer for Windows was dropped due to its incompatibility with Windows 8 and general lack of support and development.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2013-April/036993.html, Intention to drop Wubi from 13.04 release, April 2013, Lists.ubuntu.com, 28 April 2013, It included Unity 7, which had many performance improvements, and searching of photos and social media posts from the Dash.{{Citation |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |title=Ubuntu 13.04’s Top 10 New Features - From Sync Menu to Speed Boost |date=2013-04-19 |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/04/new-ubuntu-13-04-features |access-date=2023-06-26 |language=en-GB}}

Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)

(File:Ubuntu-13.10.png|thumb|Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander))Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander), released on 17 October 2013,WEB,arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-review-the-linux-os-of-the-future-remains-a-year-away/, Ubuntu 13.10 review: The Linux OS of the future remains a year away, Ars Technica, Ryan, Paul, 17 October 2013, 2 November 2013, is Canonical’s 19th release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 17 July 2014. Consideration was given to changing the default browser from Mozilla Firefox to Chromium, but problems with updates to Ubuntu’s Chromium package caused developers to retain Firefox for this release.WEB, Sneddon, Joey,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/08/firefox-to-remain-default-browser-in-ubuntu-13-10, Firefox To Remain Default Browser in Ubuntu 13.10, OMG! Ubuntu!, 13 August 2013, 13 August 2013, Similarly, the aging X Window System (X11) was intended to be replaced with the Mir display server, with X11 programs to have operated through the XMir compatibility layer. However, after the development of XMir ran into “outstanding technical difficulties” for multiple monitors, Canonical decided to postpone the default use of Mir in Ubuntu. Mir was still be released as the default display server for Ubuntu Touch 13.10.WEB, OMG! Ubuntu!, Tran, Sam, 2 October 2013, XMir Dropped from Ubuntu 13.10 Default Due to ‘Technical Difficulties’,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/xmir-longer-default-supported-cards-13-10, 3 October 2013, Joey Sneddon of OMG Ubuntu criticized the new Smart Scopes feature, noting that internet search engines turn in more useful and better organized results and recommended selectively disabling individual scopes to reduce the noise factor.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-review-available-for-download, Title of Article, 18 October 2013, Sneddon, Joey, 17 October 2013, OMG Ubuntu, Jim Lynch of Linux Desktop Reviews described the release as “boring” and the Smart Scopes feature as “very useful”.NEWS,desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-13-10/, Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander, 18 October 2013, Lynch, Jim, 15 October 2013, Linux Desktop Reviews, 19 October 2013,desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-13-10/," title="web.archive.org/web/20131019120842desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-13-10/,">web.archive.org/web/20131019120842desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-13-10/, dead, In its year-end Readers Choice Awards, Linux Journal readers voted Ubuntu as Best Linux Distribution and Best Desktop Distribution for 2013.NEWS,www.linuxjournal.com/rc2013, Readers’ Choice Awards 2013, 9 December 2013, Powers, Shawn, 2 December 2013, Linux Journal,

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)

(File:Ubuntu 14.04-English-25.04.2014.png|thumb|Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr)Mark Shuttleworth announced on 31 October 2011 that by Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu would support smartphones, tablets, TVs and smart screens.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/820, Ubuntu on phones, tablets, TV’s and smart screens everywhere, Mark, Shuttleworth, 31 October 2011, On 18 October 2013, Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) would focus on “performance, refinement, maintainability, {{sic}} technical debt” and encouraged the developers to make “conservative choices”.WEB, Joey-Elijah Sneddon,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/ubuntu-14-04-lts-named-trusty-tahr, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Named ‘Trusty Tahr’, OMG! Ubuntu!, 18 October 2013, 19 October 2013, WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1295, Quantal, raring, saucy ..., 18 October 2013, Shuttleworth, Mark, 18 October 2013, This version, the 20th release of Ubuntu, was released on 17 April 2014.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/TrustyTahr/ReleaseSchedule, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Release Schedule, Ubuntu Wiki, 15 August 2018, Support ended on 25 April 2019,WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2019-March/000241.html, Extended Security Maintenance for Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) begins April 25 2019, Canonical, 14 March 2019, 20 April 2019, after which extended security maintenance was available to Ubuntu Advantage customers for two more years.WEB,blog.ubuntu.com/2018/09/19/extended-security-maintenance-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr, Announcing Extended Security Maintenance for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS – “Trusty Tahr”, Canonical, 19 September 2018, 4 November 2018, However, in September 2021, Canonical announced that it would extend LTS support for the 14.04 and 16.04 to a total of 10 years, extending ESM support for 14.04 until April 2024.WEB, Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 lifecycle extended to ten years,ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years, 2021-09-23, Ubuntu, en, The development cycle for this release focused on the tablet interface, specifically the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/ubuntu-tablet-will-key-focus-ubuntu-14-04-lts-cycle, Ubuntu Tablet Will be ‘Key Focus’ During Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Cycle, 15 November 2013, Sneddon, Joey, 15 November 2013, OMG! Ubuntu!, Ubuntu 14.04 reintroduced the ability to turn off the global menu system and use locally integrated menus instead for individual applications.WEB, Joey-Elijah Sneddon,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/unity-trusty-global-menu-switch, Ubuntu 14.04 Adds Global Menu “Off” Switch, OMG! Ubuntu!, 30 November 2013, 29 November 2013, NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/locally-integrated-menus-ubuntu-14-04, Better Late Than Never: Ubuntu To Offer Locally Integrated Menus in 14.04, 24 February 2014, Sneddon, Joey, 20 February 2014, OMG Ubuntu, Other features included a Unity 8 developers’ preview, new mobile applications, a redesigned Startup Disk Creator tool,WEB, Joey-Elijah Sneddon,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/expect-ubuntu-14-04-lts, What to Expect in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Next April, Omgubuntu.co.uk, 19 November 2013, 30 November 2013, a new forked version of the GNOME Control Center called the Unity Control Center,WEB, Joey-Elijah Sneddon,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/12/ubuntu-forking-gnome-control-centre, Ubuntu Confirm GNOME Control Centre Fork for 14.04, OMG! Ubuntu!, 14 December 2013, 14 December 2013, and default SSD TRIM support.Sneddon, Joey-Elijah, (19 December 2013), Ubuntu 14.04 to Feature SSD TRIM Support By Default, OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 19 December 2013 GNOME 3.10 is installed by default.Sneddon, Joey-Elijah, (18 January 2013), GNOME 3.10 Will Be Available To Install In Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 18 January 2013In reviewing Ubuntu 14.04 LTS in April 2014, Jim Lynch concluded: “While there are not a lot of amazing new features in this release, there are quite a few very useful and needed tweaks that add up to a much better desktop experience. Canonical’s designers seem to be listening to Ubuntu users again, and they seem willing to make the changes necessary to give the users what they want.“NEWS,desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-14-04/, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, 22 April 2014, Lynch, Jim, 17 April 2014, Linux Desktop Reviews, 21 April 2014,desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-14-04/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140421050202desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-14-04/,">web.archive.org/web/20140421050202desktoplinuxreviews.com/ubuntu-reviews/ubuntu-14-04/, dead, Scott Gilbertson of Ars Technica stated, “Ubuntu is one of the most polished desktops around, certainly the most polished in the Linux world, but in many ways that polish is increasingly skin deep at the expense of some larger usability issues, which continue to go unaddressed release after release.“NEWS,arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/ubuntu-14-04-review-missing-the-boat-on-big-changes/, Ubuntu 14.04 review: Missing the boat on big changes, 23 April 2014, Gilbertson, Scott, 23 April 2014, Ars Technica,

Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn)

(File:Ubuntu 14.10 Utopic Desktop.png|thumb|A screenshot of the Ubuntu 14.10 “Utopic Unicorn” desktop with the mascot wallpaper)On 23 April 2014 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 14.10 would carry the name Utopic Unicorn.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1363, U talking to me?, 23 April 2014, Shuttleworth, Mark, 23 April 2014, This version is the 21st release, officially characterized as a release that addressed “bug fixes and incremental quality improvements”.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/UtopicUnicorn/ReleaseNotes, Ubuntu 14.10 Release Notes, 25 October 2014, Wong, Anthony, 23 October 2014, It was released on 23 October,WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/UtopicUnicorn/ReleaseSchedule, Utopic Unicorn Schedule, wiki.ubuntu.com, 10 June 2014, having only minor updates to the kernel, Unity Desktop, and included packages.WEB, UtopicUnicorn/ReleaseNotes,wiki.ubuntu.com/UtopicUnicorn/ReleaseNotes, wiki.ubuntu.com, 20 October 2014,

Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet)

(File:Ubuntu 15.04.png|thumb|Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet)On 20 October 2014, Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 15.04 would be named Vivid Vervet.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1425, V is for Vivid, 20 October 2014, Shuttleworth, Mark, 20 October 2014, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/10/ubuntu-15-04-named-vivid-vervet, This is the name of Ubuntu 15.04 – And It’s Not Velociraptor, OMG Ubuntu, Joey, Sneddon, 20 October 2014, 20 October 2014, It was released on 23 April 2015.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/VividVervet/ReleaseSchedule, Vivid Vervet Release Schedule, 19 December 2014, Canonical Ltd, 5 December 2014, Canonical (company), It is the 22nd release of Ubuntu, and used systemd instead of Upstart by default.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-Cloud-Systemd-Default, Ubuntu Cloud Switches Over To Using Systemd By Default, phoronix.com, 27 April 2015, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch praised the stability of the release, especially amid the switch to systemd.NEWS,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20150427#ubuntu, First impressions of Ubuntu 15.04, 28 April 2015, Smith, Jesse, 27 April 2015, DistroWatch, This release also featured locally integrated menus by default, replacing the previous default global menus.NEWS,www.webupd8.org/2015/03/ubuntu-1504-vivid-vervet-final-beta.html, Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet Final Beta Available For Download, 27 March 2015, Andrei, Alin, 27 March 2015, webupd8, This release included modest improvements in Intel Haswell graphics performance and bigger improvements for AMD Radeon graphics cards using the open-source Radeon R600 and RadeonSI Gallium3D drivers.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=ubuntu-1504-radfast&num=1, Ubuntu 15.04 Offers Faster OpenGL For AMD Radeon GPUs on Open-Source, Larabel, Michael, 24 April 2015, Phoronix, 27 April 2015,

Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf)

(File:Ubuntu 15.10 English.png|thumb|Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf)Shuttleworth announced on 4 May 2015 that Ubuntu 15.10 would be called Wily Werewolf.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1468, Announcing the ‘wily werewolf’, 4 May 2015, Shuttleworth, Mark, 4 May 2015, He initially expressed hope that the release would include the Mir display server, but it was released on 22 October 2015 without Mir. It is the 23rd release of Ubuntu, WEB,www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/ubuntu-15-04-makes-a-snappy-entrance/, Ubuntu 15.04 Makes a ‘Snappy’ Entrance, eweek.com, 24 April 2015, 4 May 2015, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/WilyWerewolf/ReleaseSchedule, WilyWerewolf/ReleaseSchedule â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, ubuntu.com, 24 May 2015, and eliminated the disappearing window edge scrollbars in favour of the upstream GNOME scrollbars, a move designed to save developer time in creating patches and updates.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/08/ubuntu-15-10-drops-unity-overlay-scrollbars, Ubuntu 15.10 Ditches Unity Overlay Scrollbars, Joey-Elijah Sneddon, OMG! Ubuntu!, 23 August 2015, 20 August 2015, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols of ZDNET praised the release for its integration of cloud services, such as the new Ubuntu OpenStack cloud deployment and management tool “OpenStack Autopilot”, as well as its server tools, especially Ubuntu’s machine container hypervisor, LXD, included by default in 15.10.WEB,www.zdnet.com/article/the-wily-werewolf-ubuntu-15-10-is-unleashed, The Wily Werewolf, Ubuntu 15.10, is unleashed, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, ZDNet, 24 October 2015, A Hectic Geek review noted problems with X.Org Server crashes and concluded “If you use Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and if it’s working out for you, then there really is no need to switch to a non-LTS release, especially to the 15.10.“WEB,www.hecticgeek.com/2015/10/ubuntu-15-10-review/, Ubuntu 15.10 Review: Less Exciting & Largely Unchanged, Hectic Geek, 3 November 2015, 26 October 2015, A review on Dedoimedo identified problems with Samba, Bluetooth, desktop searching, battery life and the smartphone interface and found the release inconsistent.WEB,www.dedoimedo.com/computers/ubuntu-werewolf.html, Ubuntu 15.10 Wily Werewolf review â€“ Fast and spurious, dedoimedo.com, 3 November 2015,

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)

(File:Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop.png|thumb|Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus)Shuttleworth announced on 21 October 2015 that Ubuntu 16.04 LTS would be called Xenial Xerus and include an option for Unity 8.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479, Mark Shuttleworth {{!, Blog Archive {{!}} X marks the spot|work=markshuttleworth.com|date=21 October 2015|last=Shuttleworth|first=Mark|access-date=21 October 2015}} It was released on 21 April 2016.WEB,insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04, Canonical unveils 6th LTS release of Ubuntu with 16.04, 20 April 2016, 21 April 2016, Ubuntu Insights, In September 2021, Canonical announced that it would extend LTS support for the 14.04 and 16.04 to a total of 10 years, extending the ESM support date for 16.04 until April 2026. The release adds support for Ceph and ZFS filesystems, the LXD hypervisor for OpenStack,WEB,www.ubuntu.com/cloud/lxd, LXD, Canonical, ubuntu.com, 22 April 2016, and Snap packages.WEB,news.softpedia.com/news/ubuntu-16-04-lts-with-unity-7-to-support-snappy-packages-495769.shtml, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with Unity 7 to Support Snappy Packages, Silviu Stahie, 5 November 2015, Softpedia, 15 December 2015, It uses systemd instead of Upstart as its init system.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTYyODk, [Phoronix] Ubuntu Systemd Plans: Will Be Default By Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, 19 December 2014, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/XenialXerus/ReleaseSchedule, XenialXerus/ReleaseSchedule â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, ubuntu.com, 23 October 2015, This release has online Dash search results disabled by default in Unity 7,WEB,bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity-lens-shopping/+bug/1054776, Bug #1054776 “Don’t include remote searches in the home lens” : Bugs : unity-lens-shopping package : Ubuntu, launchpad.net, 22 September 2012, 17 December 2015, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/01/ubuntu-online-search-feature-disabled-16-04, Ubuntu ‘Spyware’ Will Be Disabled in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, Joey-Elijah Sneddon, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 January 2016, 8 January 2016, does not support the AMD Catalyst (fglrx) driver for AMD/ATI graphics cards, and instead recommends the Radeon and AMDGPU alternatives.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/03/ubuntu-drops-amd-catalyst-fglrx-driver-16-04, Why AMD GPU Users May Want to Avoid Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, Joey-Elijah Sneddon, OMG! Ubuntu!, 16 March 2016, 11 March 2016, It also replaced the Ubuntu Software Center with GNOME Software (rebranded as “Ubuntu Software“) and eliminated Empathy and Brasero from the ISO file.WEB,news.softpedia.com/news/ubuntu-16-04-lts-to-drop-ubuntu-software-center-for-gnome-software-495760.shtml, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Drop Ubuntu Software Center for GNOME Software, Silviu Stahie, 5 November 2015, Softpedia, 5 November 2015,

Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak)

{{Redirect|Yakkety Yak|the pop song|Yakety Yak|other uses|Yakety Yak (disambiguation)}}(File:Ubuntu 16.10 English.png|thumb|right|Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak)Mark Shuttleworth announced on 21 April 2016 that Ubuntu 16.10 would be called Yakkety Yak.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1496, Mark Shuttleworth {{!, Blog Archive {{!}} Y is for ...|work=markshuttleworth.com|date=21 April 2016|last=Shuttleworth|first=Mark|access-date=22 April 2016}} It was released on 13 October 2016. This release includes a faster version of Ubuntu Software, better support for installing command-line-only applications, support for installing fonts and multimedia codecs, paid applications, changelog entries for Personal Package Archives (PPAs) in the Update Manager, user session handling by systemd, and Linux kernel 4.8.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2016/05/what-to-expect-ubuntu-16-10-unity-7, What To Expect from Unity 7 in Ubuntu 16.10, 9 May 2016, Bouvier, Scott, 9 May 2016, OMG Ubuntu, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/YakketyYak/ReleaseNotes, YakketyYak/ReleaseNotes â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, 6 October 2016,

Ubuntu 17.04 (Zesty Zapus)

(File:Ubuntu 17.04 ukr.png|thumb|Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus)On 17 October 2016, Mark Shuttleworth announced that the codename of Ubuntu 17.04, released on 13 April 2017, would be Zesty Zapus.WEB, Shuttleworth, Mark, The mouse that jumped,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1512, markshuttleworth.com, 17 October 2016, 17 October 2016, This release dropped support for the 32-bit PowerPC architecture, following the same move by the upstream Debian project. Other changes include the default DNS resolver now being systemd-resolved, Linux kernel 4.10, and included support for printers.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/ZestyZapus/ReleaseNotes, ZestyZapus/ReleaseNotes â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, ubuntu.com, 13 April 2017, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/04/ubuntu-17-04-review-new-features, Ubuntu 17.04 Available to Download Now, This is What’s New, Sneddon, Joey, 13 April 2017, OMG Ubuntu, 13 April 2017, Reviewers noted that this was likely to be the last version of Ubuntu to ship with Unity 7 by default before Ubuntu’s switch to GNOME, matching the end of the alphabet in Ubuntu’s codename scheme.

Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark)

(File:Ubuntu-17.10-ca.png|thumb|Ubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark)Artful Aardvark, the 27th release of Ubuntu, was announced via Launchpad on 21 April 2017 instead of on Shuttleworth’s blog as had been the case in the past. It was released on 19 October 2017.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/04/ubuntu-17-10-named-artful-aardvark, Ubuntu 17.10 Is Named ‘Artful Aardvark, 22 April 2017, Sneddon, Joey, OMG Ubuntu, 21 April 2017, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/ArtfulAardvark/ReleaseSchedule, Artful Aardvark Release Schedule, 23 April 2017, Canonical Ltd, wiki.ubuntu.com, 20 April 2017, Canonical (company), Critics praised the smooth transition to GNOME and the significance of the release’s changes.WEB,arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/11/ubuntu-17-10-return-of-the-gnome/, Ubuntu 17.10: Return of the GNOME, 2 December 2017, Gilbertson, Scott, Ars Technica, 27 November 2017, This is the first release of Ubuntu to use the GNOME Shell interface, and the first release to replace X11 with the Wayland display server.WEB,news.softpedia.com/news/canonical-to-make-gnome-default-session-in-ubuntu-17-10-likely-use-wayland-514991.shtml, Canonical to Make GNOME Default Session in Ubuntu 17.10, 19 April 2017, Marius, Nestor, Softpedia, 20 April 2017, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/04/ubuntu-18-04-ship-gnome-desktop-not-unity, Ubuntu 18.04 To Ship with GNOME Desktop, Not Unity, 5 April 2017, Joey, Sneddon, OMG Ubuntu, 5 April 2017, WEB,insights.ubuntu.com/2017/04/05/growing-ubuntu-for-cloud-and-iot-rather-than-phone-and-convergence/, Growing Ubuntu for Cloud and IoT, rather than Phone and convergence, Mark, Shuttleworth, Canonical, 5 April 2017, In May 2017, Ken VanDine, a Canonical Software Engineer on the Ubuntu desktop team tasked with the switch to GNOME, confirmed that the intention is to ship the most current version of GNOME, with very few changes from a stock installation.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/05/ubuntu-switch-to-gnome-questions-answered, Ubuntu Desktop Team Discuss Their Plans for GNOME in Ubuntu 17.10, 16 May 2017, Joey, Sneddon, OMG Ubuntu, 17 May 2017, This release also dropped 32-bit desktop images; other images’ 32-bit versions remain.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-release/2017-September/004212.html, Change of scope and target market for i386, Dimitri John, Ledkov, 27 September 2017, ubuntu.com, 15 March 2019, WEB,itsfoss.com/ubuntu-drops-32-bit-desktop/, Pay Attention! Ubuntu is Officially Dropping 32-bit Desktop Images, itsfoss.com, 28 September 2017, 2 November 2017, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/09/ubuntu-17-10-32-bit-builds-dropped, Ubuntu Is Dropping 32-bit Desktop Images, 27 September 2017, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 March 2019,

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)

(File:Ubuntu 18.04.png|thumb|Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver)Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver, the seventh LTS release, is a long-term support version that was announced on 24 October 2017 on Shuttleworth’s blog and released on 26 April 2018.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/10/ubuntu-18-04-lts-release-schedule, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Release Schedule â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 29 October 2017, omgubuntu.co.uk, 29 October 2017, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule, BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, wiki.ubuntu.com, 29 October 2017, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS had normal LTS support for five years until May 2023 and has paid ESM support available from Canonical for an additional five years until April 2028.NEWS,www.serverwatch.com/server-news/canonical-extends-ubuntu-18.04-lts-linux-support-to-10-years.html, Canonical Extends Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Linux Support to 10 Years, Sean Michael, Kerner, Serverwatch, 15 November 2018, 16 November 2018, WEB,www.ubuntu.com/esm, Ubuntu Extended Security Maintenance â€“ Ubuntu, www.ubuntu.com, 15 March 2019, WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases, Releases â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, wiki.ubuntu.com, 15 March 2019, New features include colour emoji,NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/11/ubuntu-finally-long-last-time-support-color-emoji, Ubuntu 18.04 Will Support Color Emoji â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 8 November 2017, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 March 2018, a new To-Do application preinstalled in the default installation,NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/01/ubuntu-18-04-new-app-to-do, Ubuntu 18.04 Adds a To-Do App to Default Install â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 27 January 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 March 2018, the “Minimal Install” option in the system installer, which only installs a web browser and system tools,NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/ubuntu-18-04-minimal-install-option, Ubuntu adds ‘Minimal Install’ option to installer â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 14 February 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 March 2018, and a branded command-line system installer.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-18.04-Server-Installer, The New Ubuntu 18.04 Server Installer Is Working Out Nicely, 27 April 2018, Larabel, Michael, Phoronix Test Suite#Phoronix website, Phoronix, 27 April 2018, This release employed Linux kernel 4.15, which incorporated a CPU controller for the cgroup v2 interface, AMD secure memory encryption support and improved SATA Link Power Management.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes, BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, wiki.ubuntu.com, 27 April 2018, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS’s default display server was returned to Xorg for more stability; Wayland was still included as part of the default install.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/01/xorg-will-default-display-server-ubuntu-18-04-lts, Ubuntu Drops Wayland, Switches back to Xorg â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 25 January 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 15 March 2018, For the first time some bundled applications were delivered by default as snaps.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseAnnouncement, BionicBeaver/ReleaseAnnouncement - Ubuntu Wiki, wiki.ubuntu.com, Plans to include a new theme, Communitheme (now Yaru), created by the Ubuntu community, were announced on 5 February 2018.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/install-the-new-ubuntu-theme, How to Try the New Ubuntu Theme, 5 February 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 14 March 2018, However, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS did not include it, citing “outstanding bugs, a lack of broader testing, as well as ongoing gaps in corner-case usage.” The new theme was available as a Snap package instead.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/03/ubuntu-18-04-lts-no-new-gtk-theme, Dang it! Ubuntu 18.04 Won’t Include a New GTK Theme After All â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 13 March 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 14 March 2018,

Ubuntu 18.10 (Cosmic Cuttlefish)

(File:Ubuntu 18.10.png|thumb|Ubuntu 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish)Shuttleworth announced Ubuntu 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish on 8 May 2018. It was released on 18 October 2018.WEB,www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1521, Cue the Cosmic Cuttlefish, Mark Shuttleworth, Installation speeds are faster due to the use of a lossless compression algorithm known as Zstandard. Startup speeds of pre-installed Snap applications were also improved.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/09/ubuntu-18-10-beta-download-out, Ubuntu 18.10 Beta is Now Available to Download â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 28 September 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 2 October 2018, Ubuntu 18.10 includes a new theme, Yaru, as the default theme, along with its accompanying icon theme, Suru.NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/07/yaru-ubuntu-theme, The Ubuntu ‘Communitheme’ Has a New Name â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 24 July 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 22 August 2018, NEWS,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/08/ubuntu-18-10-daily-builds-ship-with-new-default-theme, Ubuntu 18.10 Daily Builds Ship with New Default Theme â€“ OMG! Ubuntu!, 20 August 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, 22 August 2018,

Ubuntu 19.04 (Disco Dingo)

(File:Ubuntu 19.04 “Disco Dingo”.png|thumb|Ubuntu 19.04 Disco Dingo)Ubuntu 19.04, codenamed Disco Dingo, was released on 18 April 2019.WEB,lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-release/2019-April/004753.html, Ubuntu 19.04 (Disco Dingo) released, 19 April 2019, Canonical Ltd, lists.ubuntu.com, 18 April 2019, Canonical (company), It incorporates Linux kernel 5.0, which adds support for AMD FreeSync technology for liquid-crystal displays, Raspberry Pi touchscreens, Adiantum encryption, Btrfs swap files as well as many USB 3.2 and Type-C improvements and several other new hardware.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/DiscoDingo/ReleaseNotes#Download_Ubuntu_19.04, DiscoDingo/ReleaseNotes â€“ Ubuntu Wiki, wiki.ubuntu.com, 18 April 2019, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/03/linux-kernel-5-0-released-this-is-whats-new, Linux Kernel 5.0 Released, This is What’s New, 4 March 2019, OMG! Ubuntu!, en-US, 18 April 2019, It uses GNOME 3.32, which includes a new icon set, night light intensity control, advanced application permissions, favoriting files, and a new header bar as well as ‘find’ and ‘read only’ modes in the default terminal emulator. Version 19 of the open-source graphics drivers Mesa is natively available in this version of Ubuntu. Furthermore, the Grub menu now allows a ‘safe graphics’ mode in case of issues with graphics cards or graphics drivers. Geoclue integration and fractional scaling in the GNOME Shell for HiDPI displays are also included.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/11/ubuntu-19-04-release-features, Ubuntu 19.04 Released, Sneddon, Joey, 3 November 2018, OMG! Ubuntu!, en-US, 18 April 2019, Improvements for running Ubuntu on a VMWare virtual machine include integration of open-vm-tools within Ubuntu, allowing for bi-directional clipboard and file sharing.WEB,www.neowin.net/news/canonical-announces-the-release-of-ubuntu-1904-disco-dingo, Canonical announces the release of Ubuntu 19.04 “Disco Dingo”, Neowin ·, Paul Hill, Neowin, en, 18 April 2019, Ubuntu Server 19.04 updated QEMU to version 3.1, allowing for creation of a virtual 3D GPU inside QEMU virtual machines. libvirt was updated to version 5.0 and Samba was updated to version 4.10.x. Samba and its dependencies were updated to Python 3, with the exception of tdb, which still builds a Python 2 package, namely python-tdb. Ubuntu Server 19.04 includes the latest OpenStack release, Stein, and has vSwitch version 2.11.

Ubuntu 19.10 (Eoan Ermine)

(File:Ubuntu 19.10 Eoan Ermine.png|thumb|Ubuntu 19.10 Eoan Ermine)Ubuntu 19.10, codenamed “Eoan Ermine” ({{IPAc-en|iː|ˈ|əʊ|É™|n|}}), was released on 17 October 2019. It uses Linux kernel 5.3 which, among others, introduces compatibility for third-generation Ryzen CPU motherboards and associated Intel Wireless devices as well as AMD’s 7 nm Navi GPUs.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=linux-53-features&num=1, The New Features & Improvements of the Linux 5.3 Kernel, 17 October 2019, WEB,kernelnewbies.org/Linux_5.3, Linux 5.3 was released on Sun, 15 Sep 2019, 17 October 2019, Experimental support for the ZFS filesystem is now available from the installer. NVIDIA-specific improvements were made. Proprietary Nvidia graphics drivers are now bundled with the installer in place of the open-source Nouveau drivers. Support for the Raspberry Pi 4 platform was added. The installation media now uses LZ4 compression which, compared to the previously used compression algorithm, gzip, offers faster installation times. This was decided following benchmarking of a variety of compression algorithms conducted by the Ubuntu kernel team.WEB,smackerelofopinion.blogspot.com/2019/09/boot-speed-improvements-for-ubuntu-1910.html?m=1, Boot speed improvements for Ubuntu 19.10 Eoan Ermine, 17 October 2019, 10 September 2019, WEB,kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/boot-speed-eoan-5.3/kernel-compression-method.txt, Comparison of Kernel Compression Methods (x86), 17 October 2019, 17 October 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191017194258/https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~cking/boot-speed-eoan-5.3/kernel-compression-method.txt, dead, Kernel load and decompression times were tested and LZ4 was found to offer decompression as much as seven times faster. Ubuntu 19.10 uses GNOME 3.34 which, among others, adds the ability to group application icons into folders, introduces a background settings panel and a separate Night Light tab as well as improves upon performance and smoothness.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/09/best-gnome-3-34-features/, GNOME 3.34: The 10 Best Changes & Features, 17 October 2019, 3 September 2019, A new Yaru light theme was introduced with this release as well.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/EoanErmine/ReleaseNotes, ReleaseNotes, 17 October 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191017175727/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/EoanErmine/ReleaseNotes, 17 October 2019, In a November 2019 Ars Technica review by Scott Gilbertson, he concluded, “Ubuntu 19.10 is unusual for an October Ubuntu release in that I would call it a must-have upgrade. While it retains some of the experimental elements Ubuntu’s fall releases have always been known for, the speed boosts to GNOME alone make this release well worth your time.“WEB,arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/11/ubuntu-19-10-quite-simply-the-best-ubuntu-canonical-has-ever-released/, Ubuntu 19.10: It’s fast, like “make old hardware feel new” fast, 15 November 2019, Gilbertson, Scott, Ars Technica, 27 November 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191128123458/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/11/ubuntu-19-10-quite-simply-the-best-ubuntu-canonical-has-ever-released/, 28 November 2019,

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

(File:Desktop Ubuntu 20.04.png|thumb|Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa)Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, codenamed Focal Fossa, is a long-term support release and was released on 23 April 2020.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseSchedule, 20.04 LTS ReleaseSchedule, 23 April 2020, live,web.archive.org/web/20200423135250/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseSchedule, 23 April 2020, 23 April 2020, As an LTS release, it will provide maintenance updates for 5 years, until April 2025. This release is based on Linux kernel 5.4 LTS which adds support for new hardware including Intel’s Comet Lake and Tiger Lake CPUs, Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 835 and 855 SoCs as well as AMD Navi 12 and 14 GPUs.WEB,wiki.ubuntu.com/FocalFossa/ReleaseNotes, 23 April 2020, LTS 20.04 ReleaseNotes, It also adds support for reboot-free kernel updates, the exFAT filesystem, the open-source WireGuard VPN, and a security module named Lockdown, disabled by default, which aims to prevent privileged root accounts from interacting with the underlying kernel by restricting kernel functionality, disallowing execution of arbitrary code and enforcing kernel module signatures.WEB,www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.4-Adds-Lockdown, Linux 5.4 Pulls in LOCKDOWN Support For Opt-In Hardware/Kernel Security Restrictions, 23 April 2020, 23 April 2020, WEB,www.zdnet.com/article/linux-to-get-kernel-lockdown-feature/, Linux to get kernel ‘lockdown’ feature, ZDNet, 23 April 2020, 23 April 2020, An updated toolchain offers glibc 2.31, OpenJDK 11, Python 3.8.2, php 7.4, perl 5.30 and Go 1.13. Python 2 is no longer included by default. This release refreshed the Yaru theme and uses GNOME 3.36 which revamped the login screen. Improvements have also been made to the system menu and the installation screen, which now shows a graphical drive checking routine. The ZFS file system is now offered as an option in the installer and tools for it are now bundled.WEB,www.howtogeek.com/666784/whats-new-in-ubuntu-20.04-lts-focal-fossa/, What’s New in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS “Focal Fossa”, 23 April 2020, 23 April 2020, The OEM logo is now displayed during boot. Ubuntu Software will now only install packages from the Snap Store and provide an option for selecting the desired release channel to install from. This release also ended all support for the 32-bit architecture.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features, Ubuntu 20.04 Release Date & New Features (Updated), 26 April 2020, Sneddon, Joey, OMG Ubuntu, 23 April 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200424072946/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features, 24 April 2020, WEB,news.softpedia.com/news/ubuntu-20-04-lts-officially-released-529803.shtml, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Officially Released, 27 April 2020, Popa, Bogdan, Softpedia, 23 April 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200425002133/https://news.softpedia.com/news/ubuntu-20-04-lts-officially-released-529803.shtml, 25 April 2020, DEB files now open in Archive Manager by default.{{Citation |last=Abhishek |title=I AM SO DISAPPOINTED WITH UBUNTU 24.04 😡 |date=2024-04-26 |work=It’s FOSS News |url=https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-24-04-disappointment/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |language=en}}Reviewers praised the stability, polish and speed of the release.WEB,www.howtogeek.com/666784/whats-new-in-ubuntu-20.04-lts-focal-fossa/, What’s New in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS “Focal Fossa”, 26 April 2020, McKay, Dave, HowtoGeek, 23 April 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200424205516/https://www.howtogeek.com/666784/whats-new-in-ubuntu-20.04-lts-focal-fossa/, 24 April 2020, WEB,dl.fullcirclemagazine.org/issue157_en.pdf, Review - Lubuntu 20.04 LTS, 15 May 2020, Hunt, Adam, Full Circle magazine, 29 May 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200530123702/https://dl.fullcirclemagazine.org/issue157_en.pdf, 30 May 2020, live, Joey Sneddon of OMG Ubuntu noted the significant number of major changes compared to other recent LTS releases. However, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch gave a negative review, citing boot and stability issues, lack of documentation and functionality of ZFS tools, lack of Flatpak support, and the decision to have Ubuntu Software only offer Snaps, developed by Canonical, which were criticized as few in number, slow, heavily memory-consuming and bad at integration.WEB,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20200504, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, 8 May 2020, Smith, Jesse, DistroWatch, 4 May 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200506014345/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20200504, 6 May 2020,

Ubuntu 20.10 (Groovy Gorilla)

(File:Ubuntu 20.10 2880p EN 31 12 2020 13 51 50.png|thumb|Ubuntu 20.10 Groovy Gorilla)Ubuntu 20.10, codenamed Groovy Gorilla, was released on 22 October 2020. This release is based on GNOME 3.38 and Linux kernel 5.8 which includes support for USB4, AMD Zen 3 CPUs, Intel Ice Lake and Tiger Lake processors, and initial support for booting Power10 processors. An updated toolchain set includes glibc 2.32, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 10, LLVM 11, Python 3.8.6, ruby 2.7.0, php 7.4.9, perl 5.30 and golang 1.13.In addition, nftables is now the default firewall backend, replacing iptables. Ubuntu 20.10 is the first release to feature desktop images for the Raspberry Pi 4 (4 GB and 8 GB models) and the Compute Module 4. Older Pi models with less memory are not officially supported.WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/groovy-gorilla-release-notes/15533, Groovy Gorilla Release Notes, 22 October 2020, dead,web.archive.org/web/20201023001514/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/groovy-gorilla-release-notes/15533, 23 October 2020, 23 October 2020, WEB,www.howtogeek.com/694016/what%E2%80%99s-new-in-ubuntu-20.10-%E2%80%9Cgroovy-gorilla%E2%80%9D/, What’s New in Ubuntu 20.10 ‘Groovy Gorilla’, McKay, Dave, 22 October 2020, How To Geek, live,web.archive.org/web/20201023003429/https://www.howtogeek.com/694016/what%E2%80%99s-new-in-ubuntu-20.10-%E2%80%9Cgroovy-gorilla%E2%80%9D/, 23 October 2020, 23 October 2020,

Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo)

(File:VirtualBox Ubuntu 21.04 ENG 22 04 2021 19 59 34.png|thumb|Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute Hippo)Ubuntu 21.04, codenamed Hirsute Hippo, was released on 22 April 2021. It uses Linux kernel 5.11 which introduces smartcard authentication, support for Intel’s Software Guard Extensions and improved support for AMD CPUs and GPUs.WEB,ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-21-04-is-here, Ubuntu 21.04 is here, 28 October 2020, ubuntu.com, 22 April 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210422140245/https://ubuntu.coblog/ubuntu-21-04-is-here, 22 April 2021, live, WEB, https:discourse.ubuntu.com/t/hirsute-hippo-release-notes/19221, Hirsute Hippo Release Notes, 22 April 2021, discourse.ubuntu.com, 22 April 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210422114130/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/hirsute-hippo-release-notes/19221, 22 April 2021, live, Wayland is now used as the default on hardware without Nvidia graphics processors. Support for drag and drop from the file manager to the desktop was also added.WEB,www.howtogeek.com/723039/whats-new-in-ubuntu-21.04-hirsute-hippo/, What’s New in Ubuntu 21.04 ‘Hirsute Hippo’, 25 April 2021, McKay, Dave, howtogeek.com, 22 April 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210422123927/https://www.howtogeek.com/723039/whats-new-in-ubuntu-21.04-hirsute-hippo/, 22 April 2021, live, An update to GNOME 40 was canceled due to questions about the stability of the GTK4 toolkit, a major GNOME interface redesign, and its unknown impact on GNOME extensions and Ubuntu’s default Yaru GTK theme.WEB,fossbytes.com/ubuntu-21-04-will-ship-gnome-3-38-instead-gnome-40/, This Is Why Ubuntu 21.04 Will Ship GNOME 3.38, Instead Of GNOME 40, 15 January 2021, Kumar, Sarvottam, FOSS Bytes, 27 January 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210127145930/https://fossbytes.com/ubuntu-21-04-will-ship-gnome-3-38-instead-gnome-40/, 27 January 2021, live, WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/staying-on-gtk3-and-gnome-3-38-this-cycle/20466, Staying on GTK3 and GNOME 3.38 this cycle, 15 January 2021, seb128, discourse.ubuntu.com, 21 January 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210122043757/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/staying-on-gtk3-and-gnome-3-38-this-cycle/20466, 22 January 2021, dead, In a review, Joey Sneddon of OMG Ubuntu praised the stability and new features: “But it’s not a release totally devoid of value. Ubuntu 21.04 features a striking new dark theme and makes a raft of smaller UI tweaks that add up to an impressive, polished whole. There are also new installer features, a new desktop icons experience, and (of course) a new wallpaper.“WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/04/ubuntu-21-04-whats-new-video, Don’t Miss: Ubuntu 21.04: What’s New?, 23 April 2021, Sneddon, Joey, OMG Ubuntu, 21 April 2021,archive.today/20210423193956/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/04/ubuntu-21-04-whats-new-video, 23 April 2021, live,

Ubuntu 21.10 (Impish Indri)

(File:VirtualBox Ubuntu 21.10 15 10 2021 13 19 12 ENG.png|thumb|Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri)Ubuntu 21.10, codenamed Impish Indri, was released on 14 October 2021.WEB,ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-21-10-has-landed, Ubuntu 21.10 has landed, ubuntu.com, Canonical, 14 October 2021, 16 October 2021, live,web.archive.org/web/20211016092926/https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-21-10-has-landed, 16 October 2021, It uses Linux kernel 5.13, which introduces rudimentary support for Apple M1 chips, FreeSync HDMI support for AMD GPUs, a new “Landlock” security module and support for several new hardware.WEB, Impish Indri Release Notes,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/impish-indri-release-notes/21951, discourse.ubuntu.com, Canonical, 14 October 2021, WEB, Sneddon, Joey, Major Update: Linux Kernel 5.13 Released, This is What’s New,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/06/new-linux-5-13-kernel-features, OMG! Ubuntu!, 28 June 2021, 14 October 2021, This release transitions from GNOME 3.38 to GNOME 40, which introduces a horizontal workspace switcher and an improved Activities Overview design. The Ubuntu Dock remains vertically placed on the left of the screen and now features separators between pinned and running applications, a persistent trash can icon and USB drive shortcuts. After logging in, the user will be shown the desktop instead of the Activities Overview.WEB, Sneddon, Joey, Updated: Ubuntu 21.10 Release Date & New Features,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/07/ubuntu-21-10-release-features, OMG! Ubuntu!, 6 July 2021, 14 October 2021, Despite Ubuntu 21.10 shipping with GNOME 40, a few GNOME 41 apps are available. A Firefox Snap is now installed by default on Ubuntu 21.10 instead of the deb package, which remained available.WEB, Sneddon, Joey, Hot Topic: Ubuntu Makes Firefox Snap Default in 21.10,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/09/ubuntu-makes-firefox-snap-default, OMG! Ubuntu!, 16 September 2021, 15 October 2021, Furthermore, the Nvidia proprietary drivers now support Wayland sessions. The default Yaru theme was also updated with new icons and Zstd compression was enabled in the main archive, making installations faster.

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)

(File:Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish.png|thumb|Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish)Ubuntu 22.04, codenamed Jammy Jellyfish, was released on 21 April 2022, and is a long-term support release, supported for five years, until April 2027. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop uses Linux kernel 5.17 for newer hardware and a rolling HWE (hardware enablement) kernel based on version 5.15 for other hardware; Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Server uses version 5.15, while Ubuntu Cloud and Ubuntu for IoT use an optimized kernel based on version 5.15. It updates Python to 3.10 and Ruby to 3.0.WEB, 21 April 2022, Jammy Jellyfish Release Notes,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/24668, 22 April 2022, Zemczak, Łukasz, discourse.ubuntu.com, en-US,archive.today/20220422013253/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/jammy-jellyfish-release-notes/24668/1, 22 April 2022, live, The desktop is a mix of GNOME 41 and 42 applications to avoid libadwaita. The default web browser, Firefox, is only available as a snap package and the release repositories no longer provide an alternative .deb package. This release includes two Yaru themes, light and dark, with a choice of ten different accent colors for customization.WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/yaru-accent-colors-are-coming-to-jammy/27200, Yaru Accent Colors are coming to Jammy!, 22 April 2022, Trevisan, Marco, discourse.ubuntu.com, 18 March 2022,archive.today/20220422013106/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/yaru-accent-colors-are-coming-to-jammy/27200/1, 22 April 2022, live, While most reviews were positive,WEB,www.zdnet.com/article/ubuntu-22-04-the-linux-desktop-for-work/, Ubuntu 22.04: The Linux desktop for work, 22 April 2022, Vaughan-Nichols, Steven, ZDNet, 21 April 2022,archive.today/20220422014343/https://www.zdnet.com/article/ubuntu-22-04-the-linux-desktop-for-work/, 22 April 2022, live, WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-lts-is-now-available-to-download, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is Now Available to Download, 21 April 2022, 21 April 2022,archive.today/20220422015224/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-lts-is-now-available-to-download, 22 April 2022, live, WEB,www.theregister.com/2022/04/21/ubuntu_22_04/, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS arrives on everything from a 2GB Pi to AWS Graviton, 22 April 2022, Speed, Richard, The Register, 21 April 2022,archive.today/20220422015118/https://www.theregister.com/2022/04/21/ubuntu_22_04/, 22 April 2022, live, DistroWatch reviewer Jesse Smith was critical of the release, citing several bugs, inconsistent design, and stagnation, writing:WEB,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20220502#ubuntu, Review: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, 2 May 2022, Smith, Jesse, DistroWatch, 2 May 2022,archive.today/20220502130926/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20220502%23ubuntu, 2 May 2022, live, I think the launch of Ubuntu 22.04 is a clear sign Canonical is much more interested in publishing releases on a set schedule than producing something worthwhile. This version was not ready for release and it is probably going to be a costly endeavour to maintain this collection of mixed versioned software and mixed display server and mixed designs for a full five years. It’s a platform I would recommend avoiding.In a poll conducted by DistroWatch, 70% of readers expressed dislike at Ubuntu migrating packages to being snap-only.WEB,distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20220502#poll, Opinion poll: Ubuntu adopting more Snaps, 2023-10-27, DistroWatch, 2 May 2022,archive.today/20220502130926/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20220502%23poll, 2 May 2022, live,

Ubuntu 22.10 (Kinetic Kudu)

(File:Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu.png|thumb|Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu)Ubuntu 22.10, codenamed Kinetic Kudu, was released on 20 October 2022.WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/kinetic-kudu-release-schedule/27263, Ubuntu Kinetic Kudu Release Schedule, 17 July 2022, Murray, BD, discourse.ubuntu.com, 9 June 2022,archive.today/20220717163424/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/kinetic-kudu-release-schedule/27263/1, 17 July 2022, live, It uses Linux kernel 5.19, which improves the power efficiency on Intel-based computers and supports multithreaded decompression. It also upgrades to GNOME 43, which introduces quick settings in the top right corner,WEB, Proven, Liam, 20 October 2022, Ubuntu has a new remix in the family: Unity,www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/, 2022-10-22, The Register, en, replaces PulseAudio–its default audio server–with Pipewire, adds support for MicroPython on microcontrollers such as the Raspberry Pi Pico W, and adds support for RISC-V processors. rshell, thonny, and mpremote were added to the Ubuntu repositories.WEB, 20 October 2022, Canonical releases Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu,ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-releases-ubuntu-22-10-kinetic-kudu, 20 October 2022, ubuntu.com, Canonical,

Ubuntu 23.04 (Lunar Lobster)

(File:Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster English.png|thumb|Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster)Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster is an interim release, released on 20 April 2023 and supported for nine months until 20 January 2024.WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/lunar-lobster-release-schedule/27284, Lunar Lobster Release Schedule, 6 November 2022, Murray, BD, discourse.ubuntu.com, 2 November 2022,archive.today/20221106181315/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/lunar-lobster-release-schedule/27284/1, 6 November 2022, live, This release incorporates GNOME 44, Linux kernel 6.2, Mesa 23.0 graphics drivers, a new Flutter-based installer, an improved Quick Settings menu, a new Mouse & Touchpad menu in Settings, improved Snap package startup times, and improved Snap package support that allows downloading open applications in the background and installing them when the application is closed. The release also provides support for Microsoft Azure Active Directory ({{aka}} Entra ID), which allows users with Microsoft 365 Enterprise plans to authenticate the Ubuntu desktops using common credentials. The default font has been updated to be slimmer and sharper.WEB,www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/04/ubuntu-23-04-released, Ubuntu 23.04 is Now Available to Download, 21 April 2023, Sneddon, Joey, OMG Ubuntu, 20 April 2023,archive.today/20230421002141/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/04/ubuntu-23-04-released, 21 April 2023, live, WEB,canonical.com/blog/canonical-releases-ubuntu-23-04-lunar-lobster, Canonical releases Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster, 15 April 2023, Canonical, Canonical (company), canonical.com, 20 April 2023,archive.today/20230421164727/https://canonical.com/blog/canonical-releases-ubuntu-23-04-lunar-lobster, 21 April 2023, live, WEB,www.theregister.com/2023/04/20/ubuntu_2304_lunar_lobster/, Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster scuttles into public view, 21 April 2023, Mann, Tobias, The Register, 20 April 2023,archive.today/20230421170717/https://www.theregister.com/2023/04/20/ubuntu_2304_lunar_lobster/, 21 April 2023, live, Reviewer Joey Sneddon of OMG! Ubuntu, wrote, “if you asked me to describe Ubuntu 23.04 in one word I’d choose: “improvement”. Nothing in this release is revolutionary – but that’s not a bad thing.”

Ubuntu 23.10 (Mantic Minotaur)

(File:Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur Desktop English.png|thumb|Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur)Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur is an interim release, originally released on 12 October 2023, and supported for nine months until July 2024.WEB,9to5linux.com/ubuntu-23-10-mantic-minotaur-is-slated-for-release-on-october-12th-2023, Ubuntu 23.10 “Mantic Minotaur” Is Slated for Release on October 12th, 2023, 3 May 2023, Nestor, Marius, 9to5linux.com, 28 April 2023,archive.today/20230503215722/https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-23-10-mantic-minotaur-is-slated-for-release-on-october-12th-2023, 3 May 2023, live, WEB,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/mantic-minotaur-release-schedule/34989, Mantic Minotaur Release Schedule, 3 May 2023, Murray, BD, discourse.ubuntu.com, 3 May 2023,archive.today/20230503220606/https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/mantic-minotaur-release-schedule/34989/1, 3 May 2023, live, This release incorporates a new App Center built in Flutter that replaces Ubuntu Software, TPM disk encryption, a separated firmware updater, Netplan as the default network configuration tool, and support for Raspberry Pi 5. The installer can now update itself, support guided ZFS installation, and defaults to a minimal installation, which doesn’t include apps deemed non-essential such as LibreOffice, Mozilla Thunderbird, Rhythmbox, and Calendar.WEB, Ubuntu Desktop 23.10: Mantic Minotaur deep dive,ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-desktop-23-10-mantic-minotaur-deep-dive, 2023-10-13, Ubuntu, en, An unfixed bug was introduced that made the App Center and, by extension, the entire system unable to graphically install .deb packages.Also included is an upgrade to GNOME 45, which replaces the top-left corner’s app name display with an indicator of the workspace being used, adds a camera usage indicator, a new camera app named “Snapshot”, and a new image viewer app. Sidebars are now as tall as their windows as part of design polishing.{{Citation |title=Introducing GNOME 45, “RÄ«ga” |date=2023-09-20 |work=GNOME |url=https://release.gnome.org/45/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |language=en}}Approximately 6 hours after release, the download link to Ubuntu 23.10 was removed due to hate speech in an externally-sourced Ukrainian translation of the installer.{{Citation |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |title=Why You Can’t Currently Download Ubuntu 23.10 |date=2023-10-12 |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/10/ubuntu-23-10-installer-translations-hijack |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-GB}} Downloads were restored 4 days later.WEB, 2023-10-12, [Announcement] Ubuntu Desktop 23.10 release image translation incident - now resolved,discourse.ubuntu.com/t/announcement-ubuntu-desktop-23-10-release-image-translation-incident-now-resolved/39365, 2023-10-27, Ubuntu Community Hub, en-US,

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat)

(File:Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat Desktop English.png|thumb|Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat)Ubuntu 24.04 Noble Numbat is a long-term support release that was released on 25 April 2024. It is based on systemd v255.4 and Linux kernel 6.8, which includes supports for more gamepads and better swap memory handling.{{Citation |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |title=Ubuntu 24.04 LTS: 20 Major Changes to Look Out For |date=2024-04-23 |work=OMG! Ubuntu |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/04/ubuntu-24-04-lts-20-changes-to-look-out-for |access-date=2024-04-25 |language=en-GB}} Raspberry Pi users no longer need to install its own package for bluetooth support, and the year 2038 problem has been patched for 32-bit armhf systems, which will no longer have their own images in future major releases. The release coincides with the release of Netplan v1.0, the default network configuration tool since 23.10. System image size has been reduced by 200 MB.{{Citation |last=Gupta |first=Utkarsh |title=Noble Numbat Release Notes |date=2024-04-25 |work=Ubuntu Community Hub |url=https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/noble-numbat-release-notes/39890 |access-date=2024-04-25 |language=en}}As part of an upgrade to GNOME 46, many apps have been updated to use libadwaita and GTK4. Nautilus, the file manager, has received several quality-of-life features, and Wi-Fi settings now include an option to generate a QR code for network credentials. Notifications now include a header for the sender app’s name, settings have been reorganized, touch users now tap to click by default, and users can now log in from a remote desktop.{{Citation |title=Introducing GNOME 46, “Kathmandu” |date=2024-03-20 |url=https://release.gnome.org/46/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |publisher=GNOME |language=en}}Cheese, a Photo Booth-like camera app, has been replaced by GNOME Snapshot in the extended install, and GNOME Games is now never bundled on install. Thunderbird is now provided as only its snap version.Abishek of It’s Foss News strongly criticized the release for not fixing a bug from the last release that made users unable to graphically install .deb packages, the most popular format. Combined with a change to open .deb packages in the archive extractor by default, he argued that this was indicative of Canonical resorting to sabotaging user experience to promote their own products, in this case, snap packages.

Ubuntu 24.10 (Oracular Oriole)

Ubuntu 24.10 Oracular Oriole is scheduled for release on October 10, 2024. It is expected to use Wayland by default on Nvidia GPUs, include GNOME 47, and support graphically installing DEB files.{{Citation |last=Nestor |first=Marius |title=Ubuntu 24.10 “Oracular Oriole” Is Slated for Release on October 10th, 2024 |date=2024-05-06 |work=9to5Linux |url=https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-24-10-oracular-oriole-is-slated-for-release-on-october-10th-2024 |access-date=2024-05-11 |language=en-US}}

Table of versions

{|class=“wikitable sortable” style="margin:0 auto;text-align:center”!Version!Code name!Release date!Standard support until!Extended securitymaintenance until!Initial kernel version

#0410>4.10| Warty Warthog| 2004-10-20	o|2006-04-30}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.8

#0504>5.04| Hoary Hedgehog| 2005-04-08	o|2006-10-31}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.10

#0510>5.10| Breezy Badger		WEBSITE=UBUNTU-ANNOUNCE MAILING LIST, 2023-10-24,	o|2007-04-13}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.12

#0606>6.06 LTS| Dapper Drake| 2006-06-01	o	2011-06-01 for Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Server}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.15

#0610>6.10| Edgy Eft| 2006-10-26	o|2008-04-25}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.17

#0704>7.04| Feisty Fawn| 2007-04-19	o|2008-10-19}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.20

#0710>7.10| Gutsy Gibbon| 2007-10-18	o|2009-04-18}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.22

#0804>8.04 LTS| Hardy Heron| 2008-04-24	o	2013-05-09 for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Server}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.24

#0810>8.10| Intrepid Ibex| 2008-10-30	o|2010-04-30}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.27

#0904>9.04| Jaunty Jackalope| 2009-04-23	o|2010-10-23}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.28

#0910>9.10| Karmic Koala| 2009-10-29	o|2011-04-30}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.31

#1004>10.04 LTS| Lucid Lynx| 2010-04-29	o	2015-04-30 for Ubuntu 10.04 LTS Server}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.32

#1010>10.10| Maverick Meerkat| 2010-10-10	o|2012-04-10}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.35

#1104>11.04| Natty Narwhal| 2011-04-28	o|2012-10-28}}| {{n/a}}| 2.6.38

#1110>11.10| Oneiric Ocelot| 2011-10-13	o|2013-05-09}}| {{n/a}}| 3.0

#1204>12.04 LTS| Precise Pangolin		PUBLISHER=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 21 October 2011,	o		ACCESS-DATE=29 APRIL 2017,	o|2019-04-26}}		ACCESS-DATE=10 FEBRUARY 2014,

#1210>12.10| Quantal Quetzal| 2012-10-18	o		ACCESS-DATE=13 MAY 2014, | {{n/a}}		ACCESS-DATE=3 OCTOBER 2012,

#1304>13.04| Raring Ringtail| 2013-04-25	o|2014-01-27}}| {{n/a}}		ACCESS-DATE=12 JANUARY 2013,

#1310>13.10| Saucy Salamander		PUBLISHER=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 3 May 2013,	o		PUBLISHER=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM	ACCESS-DATE=18 JULY 2014, | {{n/a}}| 3.11

#1404>14.04 LTS| Trusty Tahr| 2014-04-17	o		PUBLISHER=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 8 August 2020,	o|2024-04-25}}| 3.13

#1410>14.10| Utopic Unicorn| 2014-10-23	o		PUBLISHER=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 6 July 2015, | {{n/a}}| 3.16“Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) Now Based on Linux Kernel 3.16”, 22 July 2014, Silviu Stahie

#1504>15.04| Vivid Vervet		PUBLISHER=OMG UBUNTU	LAST=SNEDDON	DATE=18 NOVEMBER 2014,	o		PUBLISHER=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 23 January 2016, | {{n/a}}		ACCESS-DATE=8 APRIL 2015	FIRST=SILVIU	WORK=SOFTPEDIA,

#1510>15.10| Wily Werewolf| 2015-10-22	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 17 July 2016, | {{n/a}}		AUTHOR=MARIUS NESTOR	WORK=SOFTPEDIA, 15 July 2015,

#1604>16.04 LTS| Xenial Xerus| 2016-04-21	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 25 September 2021,	co|2026-04-23}}		TITLE=UBUNTU 16.04 LTS (XENIAL XERUS) UPDATES TO LINUX KERNEL 4.3.3, TRACKS LINUX 4.4 RC5	WEBSITE=SOFTPEDIA	ACCESS-DATE=9 JANUARY 2016,

#1610>16.10| Yakkety Yak		DATE=22 APRIL 2016, 22 April 2016,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 5 July 2017, | {{n/a}}| 4.8

#1704>17.04| Zesty Zapus		PUBLISHER=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 16 December 2016,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 10 January 2018, | {{n/a}}		WEBSITE=UBUNTU WIKI	ACCESS-DATE=24 MARCH 2017,

#1710>17.10| Artful Aardvark		PUBLISHER=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 28 April 2017,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 6 July 2018, | {{n/a}}		WEBSITE=UBUNTU WIKI	ACCESS-DATE=19 OCTOBER 2017,

#1804>18.04 LTS| Bionic Beaver| 2018-04-26	o|2023-05-31}}	co|2028-04-26}}		WEBSITE=PHORONIX.COM, 14 March 2018,

#1810>18.10| Cosmic Cuttlefish		PUBLISHER=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 3 August 2018,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 10 July 2019, | {{n/a}}		LAST=NESTOR	WORK=SOFTPEDIA	LANGUAGE=EN,

#1904>19.04| Disco Dingo| 2019-04-18	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 10 January 2020, | {{n/a}}| 5.0

#1910>19.10| Eoan Ermine		ACCESS-DATE=7 MAY 2019	WORK=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM	ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190507161108/HTTPS://WIKI.UBUNTU.COM/EOANERMINE%20/RELEASESCHEDULE	AUTHOR-LINK=CANONICAL (COMPANY),	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 10 July 2020, | {{n/a}}| 5.3

#2004>20.04 LTS| Focal Fossa

DATE=16 JULY 2019

LANGUAGE=EN-US

ARCHIVE-DATE=2 OCTOBER 2019

URL-STATUS=DEAD, HTTPS://WIKI.UBUNTU.COM/FOCALFOSSA%20/RELEASESCHEDULE>TITLE=FOCALFOSSA RELEASE SCHEDULE

LAST=CONRAD

WORK=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 16 October 2019,

co

show=}}HTTPS://SALSA.DEBIAN.ORG/DEBIAN/DISTRO-INFO-DATA/-/COMMIT/CB709633F4E919F445764C0C9BBC04BA5A54C52D>TITLE=DOCUMENT UBUNTU ESM OVERLAP PERIOD, 2023-10-24,

co

show=}}

TITLE=UBUNTU 20.04 RELEASE DATE AND NEW FEATURES [UPDATED]

ACCESS-DATE=2020-02-02

DATE=17 OCTOBER 2019, en-US,

#2010>20.10| Groovy Gorilla		ACCESS-DATE=25 APRIL 2020	WORK=WIKI.UBUNTU.COM, 25 April 2020,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 25 July 2021, | {{n/a}}| 5.8

#2104>21.04| Hirsute Hippo		ACCESS-DATE=24 OCTOBER 2020	DATE=24 OCTOBER 2020,	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 25 October 2022, | {{n/a}}		DATE=2021-01-25	URL=HTTPS://WWW.OMGUBUNTU.CO.UK/2021/01/UBUNTU-21-04-RELEASE-FEATURES	WEBSITE=OMG! UBUNTU!, en-GB,

#2110>21.10| Impish Indri| 2021-10-14	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 25 October 2022, | {{n/a}}| 5.13

#2204>22.04 LTS| Jammy Jellyfish| 2022-04-21	co|2027-06-01}}	co	show=}}| 5.15 or 5.17

#2210>22.10| Kinetic Kudu| 2022-10-20	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 20 July 2023, | {{n/a}}		URL=HTTPS://UBUNTU.COM/BLOG/CANONICAL-RELEASES-UBUNTU-22-10-KINETIC-KUDU	WEBSITE=UBUNTU, en-US,

#2304>23.04| Lunar Lobster| 2023-04-20	o		WORK=LISTS.UBUNTU.COM, 19 December 2023, | {{n/a}}|6.2

#2310>23.10| Mantic Minotaur| 2023-10-12	co|2024-07}}| {{n/a}}|6.5

#2404>24.04 LTS| Noble Numbat		URL=HTTPS://DISCOURSE.UBUNTU.COM/T/NOBLE-NUMBAT-RELEASE-SCHEDULE/35649	WEBSITE=UBUNTU DISCOURSE, en-US,	c		URL=HTTPS://SALSA.DEBIAN.ORG/DEBIAN/DISTRO-INFO-DATA/-/COMMIT/E510C2CF504A7BA3CA91E42FF7E3ADD2E4BEE6C1, en-US,	c	show=}}		ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 5, 2024,

#2410>24.10| Oracular Oriole| 2024-10-10	p|2025-07}}|{{n/a}}|TBA

{{Version						show=111111}}

{{notelist}}

See also

• Debian version history
• Fedora Linux release history
• openSUSE version history
• Linux kernel version history

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Commons|Ubuntu}}

• releases.ubuntu.com â€“ Ubuntu Releases site

{{Ubuntu}}