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RosUkrEnergo is a Swiss-registered venture company that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan to East European countries. 50% of the company is owned by Gazprom, through its daughter Swiss-registered Rosgas Holding A.G., and another 50% by Swiss-registered private company Centragas Holding A.G., acting on behalf of a consortium of GDF GroupWEB, Official website of GDF group,groupdf.com/about.asp, dead,groupdf.com/about.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20071014054408groupdf.com/about.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20071014054408groupdf.com/about.asp, 2007-10-14, 2011-01-19, Сомнительный посредник - Демократия.РуWEB, Стали известны хозяева РосУкрЭнерго,www.rusenergy.com/newssystem/opened/37/20060426/436603.htm, dead,www.rusenergy.com/newssystem/opened/37/20060426/436603.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20071006152513www.rusenergy.com/newssystem/opened/37/20060426/436603.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20071006152513www.rusenergy.com/newssystem/opened/37/20060426/436603.htm, 2007-10-06, 2007-01-01, WEB, Emerging Markets Economic Briefings,www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=3638, dead,www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=3638," title="web.archive.org/web/20080327203719www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=3638,">web.archive.org/web/20080327203719www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=3638, 2008-03-27, 2008-02-10, owned by Dmytro Firtash and {{ill|Ivan Fursin|uk|Фурсін Іван Геннадійович}}.UNIAN - Nemtsov: Russian part in RosUkrEnergo looks as improper as Ukrainian oneBefore the 2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute, it was the sole importer of natural gas from Gazprom, reselling it to Naftogaz Ukrainy. Critics have questioned Gazprom’s claimed need for RUE as a middleman. RUE has been accused of simply being “a corrupt intermediary” but has dismissed suggestions that Russian or Ukrainian politicians benefit from the arrangement.NEWS, 2009-01-03, FACTBOX: RUE: A mystery player in Russia-Ukraine gas row, en, Reuters,www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-ukraine-gas-rosukrenergo-sb-idUSTRE5021BN20090103, 2019-12-08,

History

The company was created in July 2004 in a deal by former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin to replace Eural Trans Gas.Nation’s gas trade has volatile history rife with murky dealings, Kyiv Post (February 4, 2011) Until 2006 the company acted as a middleman between Turkmenistan and Ukraine.NEWS, Резник, Ирина (Reznik, Iryna),www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2008/04/01/istoriya-rossijsko-ukrainskoj-gazovoj-torgovli, История российско-украинской газовой торговли: Rosukrenergo (RUE) отдыхает по сравнению с тем, какое жульничество творилось 15 лет в газовой сфере, признался как-то Владимир Путин. На самом деле RUE вполне вписывается в общую тенденцию, History of Russian-Ukrainian gas trade: Rosukrenergo (RUE) is resting compared to what kind of fraud has been going on for 15 years in the gas sector, Vladimir Putin once admitted. In fact, RUE fits well into the general trend, ru, Vedomosti, «Ведомости», 1 April 2008, 4 October 2023, 24 January 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210124133816/https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2008/04/01/istoriya-rossijsko-ukrainskoj-gazovoj-torgovli, The company also sells Turkmenistan gas to Poland. Due to an agreement between Gazprom and Naftogaz, from 2006 till January 2009 the company supplied all of Ukraine’s natural gas imports from Russia and other Central Asian countries, in addition to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.WEB,rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/company/company_history.html, RosUkrEnergo: Company history, RosUkrEnergo website (rosukrenergo.ch), 27 January 2009, 4 October 2023, 27 January 2009,rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/company/company_history.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090127014737rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/company/company_history.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090127014737rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/company/company_history.html, On October 24, 2008 Gazprom and Ukraine’s national energy company Naftogaz signed a long-term cooperation deal in which was stated that Ukraine will receive Russian natural gas directly from Gazprom and Naftogaz will be the sole importer of Russian natural gas.Gazprom, Naftogaz sign long-term cooperation dealAfter weeks of disputes the head of Gazprom Alexei Miller and the head of Naftogaz Ukrainy Oleh Dubyna signed the 10-year agreement on natural gas supplies to Ukraine for the period of 2009-2019 on 19 January 2009.NEWS, 2009-01-19, Ukraine, Russia Agree On Gas Supplies To Ukraine For 2009-2019, Ukrainian News Agency,www.ukranews.com/eng/article/174732.html, dead, 2009-01-19,www.ukranews.com/eng/article/174732.html," title="archive.today/20130105053149www.ukranews.com/eng/article/174732.html,">archive.today/20130105053149www.ukranews.com/eng/article/174732.html, 2013-01-05, NEWS, Oleg Shchedrov; Ron Popeski, 2009-01-19, Russia and Ukraine sign 10-year gas supply deal, Reuters,www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE5062Q520090119?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true, 2009-01-19, NEWS, 2009-01-19, Russia and Ukraine sign gas deal, BBC News,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7836736.stm, 2009-01-19, It was agreed that RosUkrEnergo will no longer supply all of Ukraine’s natural gas imports from Russia and other Central Asian countries. A claim of a $600 million debt of Naftohaz to RosUkrEnergo was also dropped.On March 4, 2009 Officers of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) and the Alfa special police unit searched the headquarters of Naftohaz Ukrainy in a case against officials of Naftohaz Ukrainy on embezzlement of 6.3 billion cubic meters of transit natural gas,SBU Officers Leave Building Of Naftohaz On Completing Investigating Actions{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ukrainian News Agency (March 4, 2009) according to Valerii Khoroshkovskyi, first deputy chairman of the Security Service of Ukraine, the RosUkrEnergo Company and a number of Verkhovna Rada’s deputies had filed in a claim against Naftohaz Ukrainy.Khoroshkovskyi Unveils Reasons Behind RosUkrEnergo’s And Verkhovna Rada Deputies’ Claims Against Misappropriating 6.3 Billion Cubic Meters Of Gas {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307210033www.ukranews.com/eng/article/184592.html |date=2009-03-07 }}, Ukrainian News Agency, (March 5, 2009) On March 17, 2009 a criminal case was filed against officials of the Naftohaz Ukrainy national joint-stock company on suspicion of stealing 6.3 billion cubic meters of natural gas intended for transit through Ukraine by the SBU.SBU Sends Criminal Case Against Naftohaz Ukrainy Officials Accused Of Stealing 6.3 Billion Cubic Meters Of Gas To Prosecutors{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ukrainian News Agency, (March 17, 2009)On March 30, 2010 an international arbitration court in Stockholm ordered Naftohas Ukrainy to pay RosUkrEnergo around $200 million as a penalty for various breaches of supply, transit and storage contracts. On June 8, 2010 the Stockholm Arbitration Tribunal ordered Naftohaz to return 11 bcm of natural gas to RosUkrEnergo and that RosUkrEnergo would receive from Naftohaz a further 1.1 bcm of natural gas in lieu of RosUkrEnergo’s entitlement to penalties for breach of contract.Stockholm court obliges Naftogaz to return 12.1 billion cubic meters of gas to RosUkrEnergo, Kyiv Post (June 8, 2010)BYuT publishes documents on sales of disputed 11 billion cubic meters of gas by Gazprom to Naftogaz, Kyiv Post (June 25, 2010) On April 26, 2011 former Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko sued Dmytro Firtash and RosUkrEnergo in a U.S. District Court in Manhattan accusing them of “defrauding Ukraine’s citizenry” by manipulating an arbitration court ruling, “undermining the rule of law in Ukraine” in connection with the 2010 international arbitration court ruling in Stockholm.Ukrainian ex-PM sues gas company, businessman in US court, Reuters (April 27, 2011)

Eural Trans Gas

Eural Trans Gas (ETG) was an energy company registered in Budapest, Hungary, on December 6, 2002. It was suspected of acting as a Gazprom front. (:hu:András Knopp|Andras Knopp), a former Hungarian communist cultural functionary with no knowledge of the gas business, became director of the company.NEWS, Marnitz, István,nol.hu/kulfold/magyar-uzletember-ellen-is-vadat-emeltek-a-firtas-ugyben-1454159, Magyar üzletember ellen is vádat emeltek a Firtas-ügyben: Az amerikai hatóságok vádat emeltek egy magyar üzletember, Knopp András ellen is a Dmitro Firtas vezette bűnszövetkezet ügyében. Szerintük legalább egy magyarországi cég – a Global Energy, Mining and Minerals Kft. (GEMM) – is érintett abban a bűnügyben, amely miatt a Szövetségi Nyomozó Iroda (FBI) nemzetközi elfogatóparancsot adott ki az ukrán oligarcha ellen, és várhatóan kérni fogja kiadatását Ausztriától., Hungarian businessman indicted in Firtas case: U.S. authorities have also indicted a Hungarian businessman, András Knopp, in connection with a criminal network led by Dmytro Firtas. According to them, at least one Hungarian company – Global Energy, Mining and Minerals Kft. (GEMM) – is involved in the criminal case for which the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued an international arrest warrant for the Ukrainian oligarch and is expected to request his extradition from Austria., hu, Népszabadság, NOL (nol.hu), 3 April 2014, 4 October 2023, 4 October 2023,nol.hu/kulfold/magyar-uzletember-ellen-is-vadat-emeltek-a-firtas-ugyben-1454159," title="web.archive.org/web/20231004202200nol.hu/kulfold/magyar-uzletember-ellen-is-vadat-emeltek-a-firtas-ugyben-1454159,">web.archive.org/web/20231004202200nol.hu/kulfold/magyar-uzletember-ellen-is-vadat-emeltek-a-firtas-ugyben-1454159, NEWS, Ballai, Vince,www.origo.hu/itthon/20140404-knopp-andras-volt-mszmp-kb-tag-part-es-uzleti-karrierje.html, Az MSZMP KB-ból az ukrán gázüzlet közepébe: Egy magyar üzletember is érintett Dmitro Firtas ukrán oligarcha bűnügyében. Knopp András nem mindennapi karriert futott be. MSZMP-s cenzorból lett a posztszovjet dohány-, majd gázüzlet oligarchákkal pacsizó szereplÅ‘je., From MSZMP KB to the middle of the Ukrainian gas deal: A Hungarian businessman is also implicated in the criminal case of Ukrainian oligarch Dmytro Firtas. András Knopp had an extraordinary career. From an MSZMP censor, he became a player in the post-Soviet tobacco and gas business with oligarchs., hu, Origo (website), Origo (origo.hu), 5 April 2014, 4 October 2023, 4 October 2023,web.archive.org/web/20231004202512/https://www.origo.hu/itthon/20140404-knopp-andras-volt-mszmp-kb-tag-part-es-uzleti-karrierje.html, WEB,www.tortenelmitar.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4715&catid=74:k&Itemid=67&lang=hu, Knopp András, hu, Történelmi Tár (tortenelmitar.hu) (Hungarian Historical Library), 2010, 4 October 2023, 16 January 2015,www.tortenelmitar.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4715&catid=74:k&Itemid=67&lang=hu," title="web.archive.org/web/20150116183029www.tortenelmitar.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4715&catid=74:k&Itemid=67&lang=hu,">web.archive.org/web/20150116183029www.tortenelmitar.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4715&catid=74:k&Itemid=67&lang=hu, The registered owner was Dmytro Firtash, an obscure Ukrainian national who reportedly had little if any known assets. Yet the person received almost $300 million in credits from Russian banks.WEB, Kupchinsky, Roman,ua-energy.org/uploads/library/analitics/FULL_GazpromsWeb.pdf, Gazprom’s European Web, The Jamestown Foundation, 18 February 2009, {{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Alternate linkETG maintained an account at a Budapest branch of Vienna’s Raiffeisen Bank International and had a number of accounts in Vienna’s Meinl Bank.

Owners and allegations of criminal connections

In April 2005, Oleksandr Turchynov, the head of Ukraine’s SBU, explained to the Financial Times that Semion Mogilevich is associated with RosUkrEnergo after the SBU had collected a 20 volume file on Mogilevich over a twelve-year period.NEWS, Зыгарь, Михаил (Zygar, Mikhail), Mikhail Zygar, 4 February 2008, Газовый бен Ладен, Gas Bin Laden, Kommersant,www.kommersant.ru/doc/848241, 22 January 2021,archive.today/20210118035908/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/848241, 18 January 2021, ru, In 2006, an ally of Tymoshenko stated in the Rada that Firtash’s Switzerland registered RosUkrEnergo, which has been the dominant natural gas supplier to Ukraine since 2003 after it replaced the Hungarian registered Eural Trans Gas which had replaced Itera in December 2002, has Semion Mogilevich, who has many Russian mafia associates, as a silent partner.NEWS, Kolker, Robert, Robert Kolker, 16 February 2017, Will Trump Rescue the Oligarch in the Gilded Cage? Dmitry Firtash’s extradition case will test the administration’s intentions toward Russia. Flynn’s ouster just complicated it., Bloomberg News,www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-16/will-trump-rescue-the-oligarch-in-the-gilded-cage, 22 January 2021,archive.today/20210114220902/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-16/will-trump-rescue-the-oligarch-in-the-gilded-cage, 14 January 2021, NEWS, 1 April 2006, Веселящий Газ: Абсурдность в Газовой торговле Между Туркменистаном и Украиной, Laughing gas: Absurdity in Gas Trade Between Turkmenistan and Ukraine, Global Witness,www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/359/en/its_a_gas_russian_translation2.pdf, 22 January 2021,www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/359/en/its_a_gas_russian_translation2.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20091016050128www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/359/en/its_a_gas_russian_translation2.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20091016050128www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/359/en/its_a_gas_russian_translation2.pdf, 16 October 2009, ru, NEWS, Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa), Mustafa Nayyem, 24 July 2007, Дело Фирташа. Часть первая. Дела колхозные, The Firtash case. Part one. Collective farm affairs, Ukrayinska Pravda,www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/7/24/61742.htm, 22 January 2021,www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/7/24/61742.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070822201407www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/7/24/61742.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070822201407www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/7/24/61742.htm, 22 August 2007, ru, NEWS, Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa), Mustafa Nayyem, 13 August 2007, Дело Фирташа. Часть вторая. Дела семейные, The Firtash case. Part two. Family matters, Ukrayinska Pravda,www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/8/13/62522.htm, 22 January 2021,www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/8/13/62522.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070820101728www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/8/13/62522.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070820101728www.pravda.com.ua/ru/news/2007/8/13/62522.htm, 20 August 2007, ru, NEWS, Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa), Mustafa Nayyem, 31 January 2008, Дело Фирташа. Часть третья. Дела газовые, The Firtash case. Part three. Gas affairs, Ukrayinska Pravda,www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2008/01/31/4432554, 22 January 2021,archive.today/20210121003012/https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2008/01/31/4432554/, 21 January 2021, ru, NEWS, Найем, Мустафа (Nayyem, Mustafa), Mustafa Nayyem, 31 January 2008, Дело Фирташа. Часть четвертая. Тени Cемена Могилевича, The Firtash case. Part four. Shadows of Semen Mogilevich, Ukrayinska Pravda,www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2008/02/1/4432657, 22 January 2021,archive.today/20210120144522/https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2008/02/1/4432657/, 20 January 2021, ru, In an April 2006 Financial Times interview, Firtash explained relationships with various holding companies after Firtash’s bank Raiffeisen hired Kroll, Inc. to investigate connections to Mogilevich.NEWS, 14 July 2006, Disputed links to an alleged crime boss, Financial Times,www.ft.com/cms/s/92d94ba6-24e4-11d8-81c6-08209b00dd01,id=060714000662,print=yes.html, 22 January 2021,www.ft.com/cms/s/92d94ba6-24e4-11d8-81c6-08209b00dd01,id=060714000662,print=yes.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080209152023www.ft.com/cms/s/92d94ba6-24e4-11d8-81c6-08209b00dd01,id=060714000662,print=yes.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080209152023www.ft.com/cms/s/92d94ba6-24e4-11d8-81c6-08209b00dd01,id=060714000662,print=yes.html, 9 February 2008, Former Ukrainian prime-pinister Yulia Tymoshenko stated in November 2006, the company is controlled by notorious Ukrainian-born Russian mafia boss Semion Mogilevich,According to Tymoshenko “we have no doubts whatsoever that the man named Mogilevich is behind the whole operation called RosUkrEnergo”, see The High Price of Gas by BBC News (aired November 5, 2006) while in 2009 Vladimir Putin was quoted as claiming that RosUkrEnergo is owned by a business ally of Viktor Yushchenko.Russia and Ukraine reach pact on gas deliveries, International Herald Tribune, January 9, 2009 The Ukrainian investigation into RosUkrEnergo begun during Tymoshenko’s previous term as prime minister was closed after she lost her position as prime minister in September 2005.Mogilevich Arrested With Arbat Boss {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123010921www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/303006.htm |date=2009-01-23 }}, The Moscow Times, January 28, 2008 According to a document uncovered during the United States diplomatic cables leak US-diplomats shared Tymoshenko’s suspicions.U.S. official: Austrian bank’s ties to RosUkrEnergo suspicious, Kyiv Post (December 3, 2010)In April 2006, London-based corruption watchdog Global Witness published a report focusing on RosUkrEnergo and other transit companies that have acted as intermediaries between Turkmenistan, Russia and Ukraine. The report highlighted the many links in personnel between RosUkrEnergo and the previous intermediary Eural Trans Gas. According to the report, Israeli lawyer Zeev Gordon had registered Eural Trans Gas on behalf of Ukrainian businessman Dmytro Firtash.WEB, It’s a Gas—Funny Business in the Turkmen-Ukraine Gas Trade,www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/296/its_a_gas_april_2006_lowres.pdf, dead,www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/296/its_a_gas_april_2006_lowres.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070928044707www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/296/its_a_gas_april_2006_lowres.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070928044707www.globalwitness.org/media_library_get.php/296/its_a_gas_april_2006_lowres.pdf, 2007-09-28, 2007-03-02, Also in late April 2006, Izvestia reported that the primary shareholder of RosUkrEnergo is Dmytro Firtash. The report stated that he owned 90% of CentraGas Holding, equaling 45% of RosUkrEnergo. The report stated that a further owner is another Ukrainian businessman Ivan Fursin, the primary shareholder of the Odesa Film Studio and an owner of Misto-bank. His stake was revealed to be 10% of CentraGas and therefore a 5% owner of RosUkrEnergo.Известия.Ру: Кто владеет украинским газом

Profits

RosUkrEnergo reported a 2005 profit of $755 million and paid $735 million in dividends.WEB, ROSUKRENERGO - Business,www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business.html, dead,www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070928230032www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070928230032www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business.html, 2007-09-28, 2007-07-27, The company’s 2006 profit is listed at over $785 million.RosUkrEnergo profit for January–September 2007 is reported at $213 million.WEB, ОАО «Газпром» {{!, Акционерам и инвесторам / Отчеты / Промежуточная финансовая отчетность 30.09.2007 |url=http://www.gazprom.ru/articles/article26995.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303025910www.gazprom.ru/articles/article26995.shtml |archive-date=2008-03-03 |access-date=2008-03-02}}The company makes its profit on re-exporting gas to Europe. The size of the profit is defined by Gazprom through the export allowances of about 9 billion cubic meters a year.WEB, ROSUKRENERGO - Business - Financial data,www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business/financial_data.html, dead,www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business/financial_data.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080325051613www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business/financial_data.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080325051613www.rosukrenergo.ch/eng/pub/business/financial_data.html, 2008-03-25, 2008-03-02, RosUkrEnergo supplies gas to the Hungarian gas distributor Emfesz, for example, which is also controlled by Firtash via his holding company Group DF.Effectively, by engaging in this supply scheme Gazprom transfers profits from its shareholders to the shareholders of RosUkrEnergo.

See also

• Russia-Ukraine gas dispute
• List of Gazprom subsidiaries

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

• www.rosukrenergo.ch/" title="web.archive.org/web/20070207020157www.rosukrenergo.ch/">Official website
• Global Witness Report
• www.groupdf.com/centragas.asp" title="web.archive.org/web/20080504060449www.groupdf.com/centragas.asp">Group DF - Centragas

{{Group DF}}