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{| class=“wikitable noresize sortable” style="text-align:center; font-size:95%”!class=“unsortable“| Flag!class=“unsortable“| Emblem /Achievement! State! Capital! Royal Capital! Area (km²)WEB,www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127, Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia, 27, 24 January 2011, dead,www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127," title="web.archive.org/web/20101227065717www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127,">web.archive.org/web/20101227065717www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127, 27 December 2010, dmy-all, ! Office of Head of State! Current Head of Government

Image:Flag of Johor.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Johor	alt=Coat of arms of Johor| Johor| Johor Bahru	Muar (town)>Muar| 19,166	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Kedah.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Kedah	alt=Coat of arms of Kedah| Kedah| Alor Setar| Anak Bukit| 9,492	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Kelantan.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Kelantan	alt=Coat of arms of Kelantan| Kelantan| Kota Bharu| Kubang Kerian| 15,040	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Malacca.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Malacca	alt=Coat of arms of Malacca| Malacca| Malacca City| —| 1,712	(Governor)	Chief Minister

Image:Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Negeri Sembilan	alt=Coat of arms of Negeri Sembilan| Negeri Sembilan| Seremban| Seri Menanti| 6,658	Yang di-Pertuan Besar(Grand Ruler)	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Pahang.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Pahang	alt=Coat of arms of Pahang| Pahang| Kuantan	Pekan District>Pekan| 35,965	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Penang	alt=Coat of arms of Penang| Penang	George Town, Penang>George Town| —| 1,049	(Governor)	Chief Minister

Image:Flag of Perak.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Perak	alt=Coat of arms of Perak| Perak| Ipoh| Kuala Kangsar| 21,146	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Perlis.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Perlis	alt=Coat of arms of Perlis| Perlis| Kangar| Arau| 819	Raja	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Selangor.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Selangor	alt=Coat of arms of Selangor	Selangor{{sup>*}}| Shah Alam	Klang (city)>Klang| 7,951	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Image:Flag of Terengganu.svg>border	50px	alt=Flag of Terengganu	alt=Coat of arms of Terengganu| Terengganu| Kuala Terengganu| Kuala Terengganu| 12,958	Sultan	Menteri Besar

Etymology

{{See also|Malaysia#Etymology}}Originally comprising the states and territories of the Federation of Malaya, the then Federation under the Malaysia Agreement merged with the Crown Colony of North Borneo, the Crown Colony of Sarawak, and the self-governing State of Singapore to form the new Federation called Malaysia. The merger was initially proposed in order to reunify Singapore with its hinterland in the Federation as they were originally associated under British Malaya but later separated and were governed separately after the formation of the Malayan Union. Even when the Malayan Union transformed into the Federation of Malaya, Singapore was not a part of it. Although politically distinct, Malaya was then seen geographically as comprising the States of the Federation of Malaya in the Peninsula and Singapore. In order to facilitate the merger, the Borneo States (which initially also included Brunei) were brought in as well as it was believed that with the inclusion of the various ethnic groups in Borneo, the racial arithmetic would be offset such that the influx of ethnic Chinese from Singapore would not politically overwhelm Malaya, satisfying the Malay ultras. Ultimately, both Malaysia and Singapore agreed that after a merger, Singapore would retain autonomy in labour, education and health, among others, unlike the other states in the Federation of Malaya. In exchange, Singapore received an underproportioned representation in the House of Representatives of Parliament. Singapore within Malaysia was seen as having a special status (similar to Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom) and was thus not grouped with the other non-autonomous states in the Peninsula. Although this arrangement was brief and Singapore was ultimately expelled from the Federation two years later in 1965, becoming a fully sovereign country, the Interpretation Act 1965 of the Parliament of Singapore still defines Malaya as comprising the States of Malaya and Singapore in a geographical sense.WEB, Interpretation Act 1965 - Singapore Statutes Online,sso.agc.gov.sg:5443/Act/IA1965, 2022-10-07, sso.agc.gov.sg, en, Today, the States of Malaya are colloquially referred to as Peninsular Malaysia and West Malaysia, excluding the Borneo States and Singapore. The term should also not be confused with the Malay Peninsula, which includes lands that are a part of Myanmar and Thailand.

Terminology

Peninsular Malaysia (States of Malaya) comprises the states of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, and Terengganu, as well as the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.Malaya comprises Peninsular Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore.{{cn|date=January 2024}}Malay Peninsula comprises the southern tip of Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, and Southern Thailand.

Demographics

{{Further|Demographics of Malaysia}}{{Pie chart|thumb = right|caption = Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia (2020)|title = |label1 = Bumiputera (Malay)|value1 = 66|color1 = Green|label2 = Chinese|value2 = 24|color2 = Gold|label3 = Indian|value3 = 9|color3 = DarkOrange|label4 = Indigenous (Aslian) / Non-Malay Bumiputera|value4 = 0.3|color54= Blue|label5 = Others|value5 = 0.7|color5 = Brown|color4 = Blue}}{{Bar box|title = Religion in Peninsular Malaysia – 2020 est.|titlebar = |left1 = Religion|right1 = Percent|float = right|bars = {{bar percent|Islam|Green|67}}{{bar percent|Buddhism|yellow|21.4}}{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|7.6}}{{bar percent|Christianity|Blue|3.2}}{{bar percent|Chinese folk religion|Magenta|0.9}}{{bar percent|Others|Brown|1.7}}}}The majority of people in Peninsular Malaysia are ethnic Malays, predominantly Muslims.JOURNAL, Siddique, Sharon, 1981, Some Aspects of Malay-Muslim Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 3, 1, 76–87, 10.1355/CS3-1E, 25797648, Large Chinese and Indian populations exist. The Orang Asli are the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia; in 2022, they numbered around 209,575 and mostly lived in inland parts of the region.WEB, Carta Taburan Etnik Orang Asli Mengikut Negeri,www.jakoa.gov.my/orang-asli/carta-taburan-etnik-orang-asli-mengikut-negeri/, 2023-05-31, Laman Web Rasmi Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli, ms-MY,

Economy

As of 2012, Peninsular Malaysia oil production stood at 520,000 barrel of oil equivalent per day.NEWS, 6 March 2012, Petronas Sees Growth Slowdown until 2014, The Star Online,www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2012/03/06/petronas-sees-growth-slowdown-until-2014, 1 September 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190901080703/https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2012/03/06/petronas-sees-growth-slowdown-until-2014, 1 September 2019,

Other features

East Coast and West Coast

The term East Coast (; Jawi: ڤنتاي تيمور) is particularly used in Malaysia to describe the following states in Peninsular Malaysia facing the South China Sea, a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean:

• Kelantan
• Pahang
• Terengganu

The term West Coast (; Jawi: ڤنتاي بارت) refers informally to a collection of states in Peninsular Malaysia situated towards the western coast generally facing the Strait of Malacca which is a component of the Indian Ocean, as opposed to the East Coast. Unlike the East Coast, the West Coast is partitioned further into three regions (as seen in the states and federal territories), including:

• Central Region
  • Kuala Lumpur (federal territory)
  • Putrajaya (federal territory)
  • Selangor
• Northern Region
  • Kedah
  • Penang
  • Perak
  • Perlis
• Southern Region
  • Johor
  • Melaka
  • Negeri Sembilan

Even though Johor has a coastline facing the South China Sea on the Pacific Ocean, it is not generally regarded as an East Coast state, since the main coastline of the state is located on the Straits of Johor of the Indian Ocean.

West Malaysia and East Malaysia

The distinction between West and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) goes beyond the sphere of geography. Being separate regions administratively before the formation of the Malaysia, there exists more autonomy than the original States of Malaya, e.g. in having a different judicial court structure and separate immigration regulations. These rights were granted as part of Sarawak’s 18-point agreement and Sabah’s 20-point agreement with the Federation of Malaya during the formation of expanded federation.

See also

• East Malaysia, the Bornean portion of Malaysia
• Geography of Malaysia
• Golden Chersonese
• Malaya (disambiguation)
• Malayan dollar

Notes

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References

{{reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline|Peninsular Malaysia}}

• {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Malaysia topics}}{{Authority control}}