GetWiki

}}Mikkeli ({{IPA-fi|ˈmikːeli|lang}}; ; ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Savo. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Mikkeli is approximately {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mikkeli}}round -3}}}}, while the sub-region has a population of approximately {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mikkeli}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Hirvensalmi}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Kangasniemi}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mäntyharju}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Pertunmaa}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Puumala}}round -3}}}}. It is the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|Mikkeli}}}} most populous municipality in Finland, and the 19th most populous urban area in the country.Mikkeli is located on the shores of Lake Saimaa. Mikkeli is currently located in the South Savo region. However, historically, the city was part of the Mikkeli Province until 1997 and then the Eastern Finland Province from 1997 to 2009. Mikkeli covers an area of {{Convert|{{Data Finland municipality/total area|Mikkeli}}|km2}}, of which {{Convert|{{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Mikkeli}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water. Mikkeli is one of the largest towns in the South Savo region and one of the concentrations in the region's hospital districts, along with Savonlinna.NEWS, Gråsten, Hanna, 2019-10-17, Näkökulma: Keskustan 18 maakunnan unelma säröilee – Ministeritkin hääräävät savolaisten herruustaistelussa, fi, Perspective: The Centre's dream of 18 provinces is shattered, ministers battle over Savonian autonomy, Iltalehti,weblink live, 2023-09-14,weblink 2022-12-08, mdy-all, During World War II, Mikkeli served as the headquarters for the Finnish Defence Forces. The town's coat of arms features a pair of crossed Marshal Mannerheim's batons in recognition of this, and the town was awarded the Cross of Liberty, {{Ordinal|4}} Class, which is displayed alongside the coat of arms.BOOK, Iltanen, Jussi, Suomen kuntavaakunat. Kommunvapnen i Finland, Karttakeskus, 2013, 9789522660923, Helsinki, 133–134, fi, Finnish municipal coats of arms, mdy-all, After Finland joins NATO, there are plans to establish a sub-staff of ground forces working under the military alliance in Mikkeli.WEB,weblink IL:n tiedot: Mikkeli on saamassa Nato-alaesikunnan, Lauri, Nurmi, Iltalehti, 9 April 2024, 10 April 2024, fi, WEB,weblink Venäjän media havahtui Mikkeliin perustettavaan Nato–pisteeseen: "Korkean valmiuden päämaja", Mikael, Shepelenko, Iltalehti, 10 April 2024, 10 April 2024, fi, WEB,weblink NATO to establish new HQ in southern Finland — 140 km from Russia, Alona, Sonko, The New Voice of Ukraine, 10 April 2024, 10 April 2024,

History

{{Moresources|section|date=June 2023}}(File:Astuvansalmi rock paintings detail 1.jpg|thumb|left|Astuvansalmi rock paintings)The earliest signs of human life in Mikkeli are the Astuvansalmi rock paintings in Ristiina, dating back to 4100-2000 BCE.JOURNAL, Seitsonen, Oula, January 2005, Shoreline displacement chronology of rock paintings at Lake Saimaa, eastern Finland,weblink live, Before Farming, en, 2005, 1, 6, 10.3828/bfarm.2005.1.4, 1476-4253, subscription,weblink 2023-09-14, 2023-09-14, mdy-all, The Astuvansalmi is the largest rock painting site in the Nordic countries.WEB, Astuvansalmi leads you to the ancient mysteries of Lake Saimaa,weblink live,weblink 2023-06-04, 2023-09-14, Visit Mikkeli, en, mdy-all, The peace treaty of Nöteborg in 1323, with which the pogost (church parish) of Savilahti was transferred from the control of Novgorod to Sweden, is the oldest written record of the settlement in the present region of Mikkeli. The locality received its present name Mikkeli after Archangel Michael by the early 16th century at the latest.BOOK, Korpela, Jukka,weblink The world of Ladoga: society, trade, transformation and state building in the eastern Fennoscandian forest zone c. 1000-1555, 2008, LIT Verlag, 978-3-8258-1633-9, Nordische Geschichte, Münster, 85, en, mdy-all, On January 23, 1597, more than 200 peasant rebels were killed in the parsonage of Kenkävero in part of the larger Cudgel War. In the war waged by King Gustav III of Sweden against Russia, the Battle of Porrassalmi took place a few miles south of Mikkeli on June 13, 1789. In the battle the Swedes (Finns) victoriously defended their positions against superior numbers of Russians.Mikkeli was granted town rights in 1838.BOOK, Hall, Thomas,weblink Planning and Urban Growth in Nordic Countries, 2003-12-16, Routledge, 978-1-1358-2987-2, 71, en, mdy-all, The provincial government of the province of Mikkeli that had been established in 1831, moved from Heinola to Mikkeli in 1843.In 1918, during the Civil War, the headquarters of the White Army were established in Mikkeli.BOOK, Upton, Anthony F.,weblink The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918, 1980, University of Minnesota Press, 978-1-4529-1239-4, 489, en, mdy-all, Mikkeli was located in a conservative farming area and it was a White stronghold, but elements of the Russian Army garrison in the area supported the Reds. A major engagement was fought around the railway station at Mäntyharju, about {{Convert|20|km|abbr=on}} to the south of Mikkeli, when the Whites blocked a Red thrust coming north out of Kouvola. During the Winter War and Continuation War, the headquarters of the Finnish Army was located in Mikkeli.BOOK, Carruthers, Bob, Hitler's Forgotten Armies: Combat in Norway and Finland, May 2012, Bookzine Company Limited, 978-1-7815-8099-8, en, 10,weblink mdy-all, The Army staff made their base in a local secondary school. At the site of that school is the small containing photographs and memorabilia of the era. As a result of serving as the headquarters of the army that was based there, Mikkeli was bombed heavily, but since there was almost no high-rise development at the time the damage was quickly repaired. Architecturally, most of pre-war Mikkeli doesn't exist anymore.Wartime Mikkeli is identified with Marshal C. G. E. Mannerheim, the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces and later President of Finland. His personal railway carriage, which he used as a command post during the war, is parked in a siding at Mikkeli Station. It is possible to look inside the carriage through its windows at any time, but public entry to the carriage is permitted only once a year, on Mannerheim's birthday (June 4). The carriage was the venue of Mannerheim's famous 1942 meeting with Hitler near Immola, during which their private conversation was secretly recorded; photographs of this meeting are on display in the carriage. Mannerheim was a regular diner at the Mikkelin Klubi, where his favourite drink was schnapps.One of the main museums in the town is the , located in one of the former army barracks, close to the University of Applied Sciences.WEB, Museum Exhibitions,weblink live,weblink 2021-04-16, 2023-09-14, Jalkaväkimuseo, en-GB, mdy-all, It contains exhibits from the four wars in Finland's modern history – the Civil, Winter, Continuation and Lapland Wars. The museum also contains an exhibit dedicated to Finnish war hero Lauri Törni.BOOK, Nargele, Dominik George, Lt. Col., USMC (Ret.),weblink Terror Survivors and Freedom Fighters, AuthorHouse, 2008, 978-1-4678-3743-9, Bloomington, Illinois, Bloomington, IL, 35, en, 2023-09-14, mdy-all, In 1986, there was a hostage crisis in Mikkeli when a bank robber drove from Helsinki with three hostages and parked there. When the police shot at the hostage taker's car he detonated explosives contained inside, killing himself and one hostage.In 1997, there was a province reform, which made Mikkeli the capital of the new province of Eastern Finland. In a separate reform, the rural municipality of Mikkeli which had surrounded the town and the municipality of Anttola were consolidated into Mikkeli in early 2001. The municipality of Haukivuori was consolidated with Mikkeli on January 1, 2007, and likewise with Ristiina and Suomenniemi in 2013.

Geography

(File:Mikkelin keskusta-alueen kartta.svg|thumb|right|Map of urban Mikkeli)The centre of Mikkeli is located on a low rise, near the shore of a bay of Lake Saimaa.BOOK, Symington, Andy,weblink Finland, Dunford, George, Lonely Planet, 2009, 978-1-74104-771-4, 6th, Footscray, Victoria, Footscray, Vic., 145, en, 2023-09-14, mdy-all, There are several small lakes in and around the town. The lakes of the eastern parts of the town belong to the water system of River Vuoksi. In the west, the town reaches Lake Puula; this lake belongs to the water system of River Kymijoki.

Demographics

Population

The city of Mikkeli has {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mikkeli}}}} inhabitants, making it the {{ordinal|{{Data Finland municipality/population count sequence|Mikkeli}}}} most populous municipality in Finland. The Mikkeli region has a population of {{formatnum: {{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mikkeli}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Hirvensalmi}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Kangasniemi}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Mäntyharju}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Pertunmaa}} + {{Data Finland municipality/population count|Puumala}}}}}}. In Mikkeli, 5.5% of the population has a foreign background, which is below the national average.WEB,weblink Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years, 2024-04-26, Population structure, Statistics Finland, 1797-5395, 2024-04-29, The city's population density is {{Convert|{{Data Finland municipality/population density|Mikkeli|round=2}}|PD/km2}}.{{Bar chart| title = Population size of Mikkeli (and merged municipalities) 1990–2020| label_type = Year| data_type = Population| bar_width = 47| width_units = em| label3 = 1990| label4 = 1995| label5 = 2000| label6 = 2005| label7 = 2010| label8 = 2015| label9 = 2020 | data_max = 57000| data3 = 54404| data4 = 55563| data5 = 55222| data6 = 54728| data7 = 54455| data8 = 54665| data9 = 52583}}

Languages

{{Pie chart|thumb = left! Nationality || Population || %

	DATE= 2024-04-26	PUBLISHER= STATISTICS FINLAND	ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-29, |label1 = Finnish|value1 = 94.4|color1 = #002F6C|label2 = Russian|value2 = 1.4|color2 = #D52B1E|label3 = Ukrainian|value3 = 0.5|color3 = #FFD800|label4 = Arabic|value4 = 0.4|color4 = #165D31|label5 = Estonian|value5 = 0.3|color5 = #0072CE|label6 = Farsi|value6 = 0.3|color6 = #239F40|label7 = English|value7 = 0.2|color7 = #FFFFFF|label8 = Other|value8 = 2.4|color8 = #C5C5C5}}Mikkeli is a monolingual Finnish-speaking municipality. The majority of the population - {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|Mikkeli}} }} people or {{Percentage|sigfig = 3|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Finnish|Mikkeli}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Mikkeli}}}} - speak Finnish as their first language. In Mikkeli, {{formatnum: {{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Mikkeli}} }} people, or {{Percentage|sigfig = 1|{{Data Finland municipality/native language Swedish|Mikkeli}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Mikkeli}}}} of the population, speak Swedish. {{Formatnum: {{pct|{{Data Finland municipality/native language other|Mikkeli}}|{{Data Finland municipality/native language total|Mikkeli}}|1}}}} of the population of Mikkeli have a mother tongue other than Finnish or Swedish. As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon.At least 30 different languages are spoken in Mikkeli. The most common foreign languages are Russian (1.4%), Ukrainian (0.5%), Arabic (0.4%) and Estonian (0.3%) Immigration {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;"	Population by country of birth (2022)
Finland}}	49,928	95.5
Soviet Union}}	427	0.8
Russia}}	254	0.5
Estonia}}	134	0.3
Sweden}}	107	0.2
Thailand}}	102	0.2
Vietnam}}	86	0.2
Afghanistan}}	82	0.2
Syria}}	65	0.1
Iraq}}	61	0.1
Turkey}}	60	0.1
	| 1.8

{{As of|2023}}, there were 2,855 persons with a migrant background living in Mikkeli, or 5.5% of the population.{{refn|Statistics Finland classifies a person as having a "foreign background" if both parents or the only known parent were born abroad.WEB, 18 September 2023, Persons with foreign background, Statistics Finland,weblink |group=note}} The number of residents who were born abroad was 2,781, or 5.4% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Mikkeli was 1,925. Most foreign-born citizens came from the former Soviet Union, Russia, Estonia and Thailand.WEB,weblink Number of foreign-language speakers grew by nearly 38,000 persons, 31 May 2023, Statistics Finland, 12 September 2023, en, The relative share of immigrants in Mikkeli's population is below to the national average. However, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.

Religion

In 2023, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 71.4% of the population of Mikkeli. Other religious groups accounted for 1.9% of the population. 26.7% of the population had no religious affiliation.Key figures on population by region, 1990-2023 Statistics Finland

Education

(File:Xamk Mikpoli.jpg|thumb|left|South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences)A central campus of South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences (Xamk) is located in Mikkeli and is a major employer in the city. Its history dates back to 1965, when Mikkeli was selected as the site for a new higher education college specializing in professional, engineering and vocational studies, enrolling its first class of students in 1969 while situated in an old Russian Army barracks on the outskirts of town. Purpose-built accommodations have since been added, but the old buildings are still in use, with the student union located in the "Officers' Club" building. The Polytechnic changed its name to Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences in 2006 and merged in the beginning of 2017 with Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences to constitute a new university: South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences (Xamk).Several other universities also have operations in Mikkeli. The Mikkeli University Consortium includes units from University of Helsinki, Aalto University (formerly Helsinki School of Economics), University of Eastern Finland and Lappeenranta University of Technology.WEB, LUT University,weblink live,weblink 2020-09-24, 2023-09-14, MUC, en-GB, mdy-all, Aalto offers a highly ranked Bachelor of Science degree in international business, taught in English, which draws students and faculty from around the world.WEB, 2018-08-17, International Business, Bachelor (BScBA, Mikkeli) and Master of Science (Otaniemi) in Economics and Business Administration,weblink live,weblink 2020-09-19, 2023-09-14, Aalto University, en, mdy-all,

Traffic

(File:Mikkeli Mannerheims railway carriage 01 2009-10-02.jpg|thumb|right|Mannerheim's carriage)Mikkeli has a fast road connection to the Helsinki metropolitan area through Finnish national road 5 and Finnish national road 4, which is a four lane highway. Mikkeli has a railway station on the Savonia railway with five trains to and from Helsinki, daily. There are also bus connections to neighboring cities and municipalities and a small local bus transit network within the city limits. Mikkeli also has its own airport, which however has had no scheduled commercial flights since 2005.

Culture

Mikkeli boasts its own concert hall, which is a world class facility built in 1988 to commemorate Mikkeli's 150th anniversary as a town. The concert hall is the home of St. Michel Strings chamber orchestra, and also provides the main venue for the annual Mikkeli Music Festival, which attracts musicians and audiences from across Europe.WEB, Mikkeli Music Festival in brief,weblink live,weblink 2023-01-29, 2023-09-14, Mikkelin Musiikkijuhlat, en, mdy-all, The Mariinsky Opera, led by Valery Gergiev, performs there regularly.

Tourism

File:Dinosauria water slides.jpg|thumb|right|A swimming pools and water slides in VisulahtiVisulahtiMikkeli is a major holiday resort within the Finnish lakeland area. A well-known and popular travel centre and theme park Visulahti is in Mikkeli, located in the shores of Lake Saimaa.Visulahti Travel Centre & Theme Park Mikkeli is a popular area for summerhouses due to its vast amount of lakes; in 2020, there were over 10,000 summer houses in Mikkeli, the second most in Finland increasing the population during the summer months.WEB, Katso lista! Nämä ovat suomalaisten 15 suosituinta mökkipaikkakuntaa,weblink 2020-08-06, www.iltalehti.fi, fi, A major part of tourism is based on nature and especially lakes.Due to Mikkeli's role as the headquarter city in World War II, the town has several museums dedicated to that period of time. These museums include the Infantry museum, the Lokki Communications Center, and the Headquarters museum.WEB, Museums - Visitmikkeli,weblink 2020-08-06, www.visitmikkeli.fi, The annual trotting event St Michel ravit is Mikkeli's largest event with approximately 20 000 spectators.Hotels are concentrated in the center of Mikkeli. In other areas, there are rental cottages scattered in the smaller villages and countryside.

Sport

File:2016 12 24 Suomi (14).jpg|thumb|right|Jukurit ice hockey match at Ikioma AreenaIkioma AreenaJukurit is an ice hockey team from Mikkeli, which competes in the Finnish premier league, Liiga. The team has won six Mestis (second highest league) championships (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2013 and 2015).WEB, Jukurit HC Oy,weblink Mestis, 1 June 2014, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140208020910weblink">weblink February 8, 2014, Mikkelin Kampparit plays in the highest bandy division.WEB, Suomen jääpalloliitto,weblink Finland's Bandy Association, 1 June 2014, In 2012, they became Finnish champions for the first time.Kampparit new Finnish Champions in bandy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190030weblink |date=April 19, 2014 }}Mikkeli has two major football teams, Mikkelin Palloilijat (MP) and Mikkelin Pallo-Kissat (MiPK). Both of them have played in the Finnish premier league, currently MP is playing on the second highest level and MiPK on the third highest. The former EU commissioner Olli Rehn used to play for MP for 13 years (youth teams 1968–78, first team 1979–82).WEB, Olli Rehn - Personal Profile,weblink European Commission, 28 April 2014,

Notable people

{{Div col}}

• Manuela Bosco
• Jussi Jääskeläinen
• Jari Ketomaa
• Harri KirvesniemiWEB, Harri Kirvesniemi,weblinkweblink dead, 17 April 2020, Sports Reference, 15 February 2018,
• Mikko KolehmainenWEB, Mikko Kolehmainen,weblinkweblink dead, 17 April 2020, Sports Reference, 15 February 2018,
• Olli KolehmainenWEB, Olli Kolehmainen,weblinkweblink dead, 17 April 2020, Sports Reference, 15 February 2018,
• Shefki Kuqi
• Erkki LiikanenWEB, BANK OF FINLAND - Erkki Liikanen,weblink Bank of Finland, 27 April 2014, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140428031711weblink">weblink April 28, 2014, mdy-all,
• Otto Manninen
• Mikko Tarmia
• Arja Saijonmaa
• Olli RehnWEB, EC webpage,weblink Olli Rehn CV,

{{Div col end}}

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland}}

Twin towns and sister cities

Mikkeli is twinned with:{|class="wikitable" valign="top"|

• {{flagicon|HUN}} Békéscsaba, HungaryWEB, Ystävyyskaupungit ja -kunnat,weblink mikkeli.fi, 28 April 2014, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140429051741weblink">weblink April 29, 2014, mdy-all,
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Luga, Russia
• {{flagicon|EST}} Mõisaküla, Estonia
• {{flagicon|DEN}} Vejle, Denmark
• {{flagicon|NOR}} Molde, NorwayWEB, Vennskapsbyer,weblink kommune.no, 26 April 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304052427weblink">weblink March 4, 2016, dead,
• {{flagicon|SWE}} BorÃ¥s, Sweden

Notes

{{reflist|group=note}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Mikkeli}}{{Wikivoyage}}

• Visit Mikkeli website
• South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences website

{hide}Geographic location {edih}{{SouthernSavonia}}{{50 most populous Finnish municipalities}}{{Authority control}}