{{Short description|Former hotel in Manhattan, New York}}{{About|the original 3 World Trade Center destroyed during the September 11 attacks|the current skyscraper with the same name|3 World Trade Center}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}

*factoids*
name	Marriott World Trade Center\|image = Marriott World Trade Center.jpg\|image_size = 250px\|caption = The Marriott World Trade Center (bottom) below the Twin Towers, May 2001.\| alternate_names = {{unbulleted list

World Trade Center (1973â€“2001)>World Trade Center, Manhattan, New York City

50.5

region:US-NY_type:lsndmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}|status = Destroyed|start_date = March 1979|completion_date = July 1, 1981|opening = April 1, 1981

September 11 attacks>September 11, 2001|building_type = Hotel|antenna_spire =

73.7

abbr=on}}|top_floor =|floor_count = 22|elevator_count =|cost =|floor_area =|architect = Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Leslie Robertson>Leslie E. Robertson Associates|main_contractor = Tishman Construction|developer = Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|owner =|management = Host Marriott Corporation|references =}}The Marriott World Trade Center was a 22-story, 825-room hotel within the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York City. It opened in April 1981 as the Vista International Hotel and was the first major hotel to open in Lower Manhattan south of Canal Street since 1836. It was also unofficially known as World Trade Center 3 (WTC 3 or 3 WTC), and the World Trade Center Hotel, officially the Vista Hotel, and the Marriott Hotel throughout its history.The hotel was damaged in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. It was destroyed by structural damage caused by the collapse of the World Trade Center as a result of the September 11 attacks. The hotel was not replaced as part of the new World Trade Center complex, although its address was reused for a tower at 175 Greenwich Street.

Description

The building was a 22-story steel-framed structureJOURNAL,weblink Hai S. Lew, Richard W. Bukowski, Nicholas J. Carino, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-1), NIST, September 2005, with 825 rooms and six basement levels (labeled B1 through B6).WEB,weblink Archived copy, June 27, 2020, May 31, 2017,weblink dead, The hotel was connected to the North tower via an underground entrance at concourse level, and a small pedestrian walkway that extended from the west promenade of the Marriott to the North Tower on plaza level.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} On the 22nd floor, there was a gym that was the largest of any hotel in New York City at the time, with a swimming pool and a running track with views of the Hudson River and the Austin J Tobin Plaza.NEWS, Johnston, Laurie, January 24, 1982, Vista Hotel Bringing New Life to Downtown Area, en-US, The New York Times,weblink July 31, 2022, 0362-4331, The hotel also had {{convert|26000|sqft|m2}} of meeting space on the entire third floor. It was considered a four-diamond hotel by the American Automobile Association (AAA).WEB,weblink New York Marriott World Trade Center (archived website), March 2, 2001,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010302170535weblink">weblink March 2, 2001, dead, The hotel featured two restaurants: The Tall Ships Bar and Grill, located on Street level, and the Greenhouse CafÃ©, a restaurant on plaza level that featured a large skylight looking up at the North and South tower.WEB, March 31, 2001, New York Marriott World Trade Center,weblink August 11, 2023,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010331095038weblink">weblink March 31, 2001, Previously, another restaurant had operated called The American Harvest; however, it was removed following the bombing in 1993 and was renovated and remained as a rentable space called the Harvest Room.WEB, April 7, 2002, 03,weblink August 11, 2023,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20020407164814weblink">weblink April 7, 2002,

History

(File:Austin Tobin Plaza Marriott World Trade Center - 1995.jpg|left|thumb|275x275px|Austin Tobin Plaza. Buildings (from left to right): 2 World Trade Center, Marriott World Trade Center, 1 World Trade Center. 1995.)The hotel was first known as the Vista International Hotel, but also became known as World Trade Center 3 (WTC 3 or 3 WTC), the World Trade Center Hotel, the Vista Hotel and the Marriott Hotel.BOOK, Federal Emergency Management Agency, (FEMA), 2002, World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations,weblink Government Printing Office, 3.1, September 25, 2018, The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill with construction beginning in March 1979.NEWS, April 1, 1979, Realty News World Trade Center Getting New Tenants, en-US, The New York Times,weblink June 27, 2020, 0362-4331, The hotel opened on April 1, 1981, with 100 of 825 rooms available,NEWS, Gaiter, Dorothy J., April 2, 1981, Hotel in the Trade Center Greets Its First 100 Guests, en-US, The New York Times,weblink June 27, 2020, 0362-4331, and it was completed in July 1981.WEB, The city's newest hotel, the Vista International, officially opened...,weblink UPI, July 1, 1981, May 23, 2018, Shortly before the opening day of the Vista, a fire broke out on the 7th floor.NEWS, Dunlap, David W., October 24, 2003, Marriott Ceding Property Where Hotel Stood on the World Trade Center Site, en-US, The New York Times,weblink June 27, 2020, 0362-4331, The Vista International was the first major hotel to open in Lower Manhattan south of Canal Street since 1836.NEWS, Terrorist Attack At New York World Trade Center,weblink Eisner, Harvey, Firehouse Magazine, April 2002, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090927183623weblink">weblink September 27, 2009, Kuo Hotel Corporation, based in Hong Kong, bought the hotel's leasehold in 1982 from Edward W. Ross and Jerrold Wexler.NEWS, Dunlap, David W., June 30, 1991, Commercial Property: Downtown Hotels; Bond, Vista, Marriott â€“ Now, Comes the Millenium, en-US, The New York Times,weblink April 23, 2023, 0362-4331, In 1989, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey bought the leasehold from KuoNEWS, Lueck, Thomas J., May 10, 1995, Vista Hotel for Sale, Port Authority Says, en-US, The New York Times,weblink April 23, 2023, 0362-4331, for $78 million but the operating rights remained in the hands of Hilton International as management agent. On November 9, 1995, it was sold to Host Marriott Corporation for $141.5 million.NEWS, Port Authority Sells Hotel,weblink January 29, 2022, The New York Times, November 10, 1995, New York City, 4, en-US, This was one year after the reopening due to an extensive renovation following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.NEWS, Deutsch, Claudia H., 20 Months After Bombing, Vista Hotel to Finally Reopen,weblink January 29, 2022, The New York Times, October 31, 1994, New York City, 3, en-US, The new company started operations in January 1996.NEWS, Cabbies Gain Access to Restrooms,weblink February 19, 2022, The New York Times, December 20, 1995, Martin, Douglas, New York City, 3, en-US, WEB, Baker, William, WTC 3,weblink fema.gov, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), December 8, 2022, 1, Marriott operated the hotel from 1996 until the attacks on September 11, 2001., In 2002, Host Marriott Corporation was offered an opportunity to rebuild the hotel in the same location within the World Trade Center site as its lease which was signed until 2094 had not expired. Marriott declined the offer, and in October 2003, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey voted on an agreement under which the Host Marriott Corporation would "surrender the premises", resulting in termination of the lease and thus giving the land to the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.

1993 World Trade Center bombing

missing image!
- FEMA TR-076 - 1993 World Trade Center Bombing - Report and Analysis - Vista Hotel - Lobby Concourse.png -
FEMA diagram of the damage sustained by the hotel during the bombing.

On February 26, 1993, the hotel was seriously damaged as a result of the World Trade Center bombing.NEWS,weblink Marriott Loses Hotels In Attack, Hedgpeth, Dana, September 14, 2001, The Washington Post, December 21, 2019, live,weblink July 19, 2019, Terrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda took a Ryder truck loaded with 1,500 pounds (682 kilograms) of explosives and parked it in the North Tower parking garage below the hotel's ballroom. At 12:18 p.m. (EDT), the explosion destroyed or seriously damaged the lower and sub levels of the World Trade Center complex. After extensive repairs, the hotel reopened on November 1, 1994, and one year later in 1995, the hotel was purchased by Marriott Hotels & Resorts.

September 11 attacks

{{Further|September 11 attacks}}(File:NYPD Taylor R7-26 3462.jpg|thumb|Marriott hotel during the September 11 attacks.)

missing image!
- WTC1.jpg -
The hotel destroyed after the attacks.

missing image!
- World Trade Center 3 After 9-11 Attacks With Original Building Locations.jpg -
Aerial photograph of the World Trade Center site with markup showing original locations. The hotel was located at 3 World Trade Center.

On September 11, 2001, the hotel had 940 registered guests. In addition, the National Association for Business Economics (NABE) was holding its yearly conference at the hotel from September 8 to 11, 2001.WEB, Goldstein, Daniel, 15 years after 9/11, survivors talk about how it impacted their priorities, MarketWatch, September 12, 2016,weblink June 27, 2020, When American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower (1 WTC) at 8:46 a.m. EDT, its landing gear fell on the hotel's roof. Firefighters used the lobby as a staging area, and were also in the hotel to evacuate guests that may have still been inside. Firefighters also reported human remains and entire corpses on the roof from people who fell or jumped from the south face of the North Tower. The collapse of the South Tower (2 WTC) at 9:59 a.m. EDT essentially split the building in half. The collapse of the North Tower at 10:28 a.m. EDT destroyed the rest of the hotel aside from a small section that was farthest from the North Tower. Fourteen people who had been trying to evacuate the partially destroyed hotel after the first collapse managed to survive the second collapse in this small section. The section of the hotel that managed to survive the collapse of the Twin Towers had been upgraded after the 1993 bombing.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}On the afternoon of September 11, photographer Thomas E. Franklin captured the now-iconic image Raising the Flag at Ground Zero, depicting the U.S. flag being raised by firefighters upon a flagpole believed to have been Marriott property located on what remained of the hotel grounds.

Aftermath

As a result of the collapse of the Twin Towers, the hotel was destroyed beyond repair. Only a small three-story section of the southernmost part of the building remained standing, all of which was eventually removed. In the remnants of the lobby, picture frames with the pictures inside them were still hanging on the walls.{{citation needed|reason=The picture frames are not mentioned in the NY Times source.|date=November 2023}} Approximately 40 people died in the hotel, including two hotel employees who had stayed to aid the evacuation and a number of firefighters who had been clearing the hotel and using it as a staging ground.NEWS, Dwyer, Jim, Fessenden, Ford, September 11, 2002, One Hotel's Fight to the Finish; At the Marriott, a Portal to Safety as the Towers Fell, en-US, The New York Times,weblink June 27, 2020, 0362-4331, In January 2002, the remnants of the hotel were completely dismantled to make way for reconstruction. The National September 11 Memorial & Museum was built where the hotel once stood.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}The building and its survivors were featured in the television special documentary film Hotel Ground Zero, which premiered September 11, 2009 on the History Channel.BOOK,weblink Hotel Ground Zero, September 11, 2009, DocumentaryVine.com,

Gallery

File:Wtc 3 lobby.png|Lobby of the Marriott.File:WFC2 WFC3 Marriott World Trade Center 3 World Trade Center 2 September 2001.jpg|The south face of the hotel on September 2, 2001.File:World Trade Center and Woolworth Building, Manhattan, New York (2481315242).jpg|The hotel visible at the base of the Twin Towers.File:World Trade Plaza, 1993 (9171406653).jpg|The hotel in 1993.File:P200316.jpg|The Austin J. Tobin Plaza, with the hotel visible on the top left, during the September 11th attacks.File:WTC 3 crushed.jpg|Debris of the South Tower collapsing onto the Marriott Hotel.

References

External links

weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121126063510weblink">Marriott World Trade Center Survivors
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140718195459weblink">Stories by NABE members about the attack
The 9/11 Hotel, a five-part documentary video on YouTube including interviews with surviving guests and workers at the Marriott World Trade Center
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010610001411weblink">Marriott World Trade Center Website â€“ Archived on Internet Archive

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