GetWiki
Ioan Kalinderu
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
Ioan Kalinderu
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Wallachian-Romanian jurist}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
---|---|
Biography
Origins and early life
Born in Bucharest on December 28 or 29, 1840,"Notices biographiques et bibliographiques sur les associés élus à Heidelberg", in Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit International, 1888, p. 382Corneliu Olaru, Vladimir Iovanov, Un secol de economie româneascÄ, 1848â1947, p. 149. Bucharest: Editura NEWA T.E.D., 2001. {{ISBN|978-973-903-514-9}}{{in lang|ro}} Amuliu Proca, "Simpozionul Academicianul Ioan Kalinderu, administratorul Domeniilor Coroanei, la 100 de ani de la dispariÈie", in Univers Ingineresc, Nr. 1/2014 his father was LazÄr (Lazaros) Kalenderoglu (or Calenderoglu). Of possible Smyrniote origin,{{in lang|ro}} Simina Stan, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160819144243weblink">"Muzeul Kalinderu, o restaurare fÄrÄ sfÄrÈit", in Jurnalul NaÈional, December 19, 2009 the family functioned as one of the largest banking and exporting institutions in Wallachia, and then in the United Principalities.Zane, pp. 332, 377, 402 LazÄr had risen into the ranks of Wallachia's boyar nobility: joining the Bucharest local government in 1838, 1844, and 1847, he was awarded the title of pitar,Lahovari et al., pp. 6â7. See also Gheorghe G. Bibescu, Domnia lui Bibescu. Tomul al doilea: Legi Èi decrete, 1843â1848; RÄsvrÄtirea din 1848: istoria Èi legenda, pp. 275â276. Bucharest: Typografia CurÈii Regale, F. Göbl Fii, 1894 advancing to paharnic in the 1850s.IonaÈcu, p. 241 His son would later falsely claim that the Kalenderoglus played a part in the Wallachian Revolution of 1848,Titu Maiorescu (ed. Stelian Neagoe), Istoria politicÄ a României sub domnia lui Carol I, p. 273. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1994. {{ISBN|978-973-280-509-1}} although LazÄr is known to have held relevant positions in the National Party in 1857, briefly serving as its chairman alongside Constantin A. CreÈulescu.Vasile Maciu, "Organizarea miÈcarii pentru Unire în anii 1855â1857 în Moldova Èi Èara RomâneascÄ", in Studii. RevistÄ de Istorie, Nr. 1/1959, p. 69 The last-ever tenant and tax collector of Predeal customs, Kalenderoglu had his estate in Olt County, outside ColoneÈti, reduced during the land reform of 1864.Lahovari et al., pp. 476, 565 Another of his estates, at BÄlceÈti, was repurchased by the BÄlcescu boyars.Cornelia Bodea, Paul Cernovodeanu, Horia Nestorescu-BÄlceÈti, Vatra BÄlceÈtilor. Studii Èi documente, p. 30. BÄlceÈti pe Topolog: Nicolae BÄlcescu Memorial Museum, 1971. {{OCLC|252339708}} However, he still left Ioan the manor of Schitu-Greci.IonaÈcu, pp. 232, 240â242; {{in lang|ro}} Ion D. TîlvÄnoiu, "Câteva date noi despre familia gazetarului N. T. OrÄÈanu" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623094419weblink |date=2016-06-23 }}, in Memoria Oltului Èi RomanaÈilor, Nr. 3/2015, p. 8{{in lang|ro}} Costel Vasilescu, "File din istoria rÄscoalei ÈÄrÄneÈti de la 1907" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916092014weblink |date=2016-09-16 }}, in Memoria Oltului Èi RomanaÈilor, Nr. 11/2015, p. 39Although a Wallachian native and relatively assimilated,Zane, p. 332. See also Bellessort, pp. 849, 852 LazÄr was sometimes regarded as an ethnic Turk, owing to his Turkish-sounding surname,AlinuÈa Cofan, "Pamfletul arghezian sau 'arta de a spurca frumos' (II)", in Caiete Critice, Nr. 7/2013, p. 56 or an Armenian.Alexandru Candiano-Popescu (ed.: Constantin Corbu), Amintiri din viaÈa-mi, p. 145. Bucharest: Editura Eminescu, 1998. {{ISBN|973-22-0673-X}} He identified as Greek-Romanian and, as late as 1879, was ktitor of an eponymous Greek Orthodox church in Bucharest. His fully assimilated son later barred the Greek colony from attending the church, and rededicated it to Romanian Orthodoxy.Cornelia Papacostea-Danielopolu, "La vie culturelle de la communauté grecque de Bucarest dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle", in Revue Des Ãtudes Sud-est Européennes, Nr. 2/1969, pp. 318â319 According to polemicist Alexandru Candiano-Popescu, the future Ioan Kalinderu was snobbish and "could not bear his descent from some obscure lineage"; he therefore claimed Eastern Roman descent, "having found a name that matched his own" in the books of Joseph von Hammer. Ioan and his brother Nicolae were educated in Greek, before graduating high school in Bucharest.Ioan studied law at the University of Paris. Taking his license degree with a study of dowries in Roman law (1860), and earning a doctorate with a thesis on ex post facto laws (De la non-rétroactivité des lois, 1864),Teodorescu et al, pp. 849, 850â851 he returned home to take up positions as a judge, serving as the first president of Bucharest Tribunal. He then became a counselor with the Court of Cassation.Tache Soroceanu, "Artistice. Muzeul Kalinderu: ctitorul Èi opera", in IlustraÈiunea RomânÄ, Nr. 26/1934, p. 14 From 1872, the Ministry of Justice employed him as an adviser for penal reform, alongside Vasile Boerescu, Nicolae Mandrea, Grigore PÄucescu, Mihail Pherekyde and Grigore Triandafil. Boerescu referred to Kalinderu as "a man of the new world, with very progressive ideas, and an excellent jurisconsult."Vasile Boerescu, Discursuri politice, 1859â1883. Volumul II: 1874â1883, p. 110. Bucharest: Atelierele Grafice Socec & Co., 1910 At the time, his family was involved with the liberal-radical movement. Brother Nicolae, a Paris-trained physician, became one of the founders of the National Liberal Party in 1875.BacalabaÈa I, pp. 146, 153, 171, 258 The aged Kalenderoglu was founder of Creditul Rural, a credit union for the benefit of peasants, alongside major liberal figures.BacalabaÈa I, p. 115; Zane, p. 375{{Gallery|align=right| title = | width = 140| height = 160Academy presidency
By 1888, Kalinderu was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. As reported by Candiano-Popescu, this was a meritless advancement, done "without the God of literature having been made aware [of his existence]". Made titular in March 1893, Kalinderu became chairman of its Historical Section in 1895â1897, and again in 1907â1910. He also served as Academy president from 1904 to 1907. The administrator of the Ioan OteteleÈanu estate after winning the trial against his relatives in 1889,Teodorescu et al, pp. 849, 850 he donated most of it to the academy. The fund included 900 hectares of land, and ran at 4 million gold lei.BacalbaÈa II, p. 152 During his tenure there, Kalinderu marginalized Ioan Slavici, who had criticized his management,Ovidiu Papadima, "Ioan Slavici", in Èerban Cioculescu, Ovidiu Papadima, Alexandru Piru (eds.), Istoria literaturii române. III: Epoca marilor clasici, p. 390. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1973 and tried but failed to do the same with historian Radu Rosetti.Rosetti, p. 189 He was also confronted with criticism from Duiliu Zamfirescu, who, in 1904, claimed that the academy was turning into an "asylum for the intellectually impaired."NastasÄ, pp. 497â498Meanwhile, he continued to work as an envoy of the king. By 1899, with Romania hit by a major economic crisis, Kalinderu and Manu were sent abroad to negotiate loansâas Ornea notes, theirs was a "dilettante" adventure.Z. Ornea, Junimea Èi junimismul, Vol. I, pp. 350â352. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1998. {{ISBN|973-21-0562-3}} Kalinderu also reported to his former Berlin colleague Sturdza, by then the National Liberal Prime Minister, that Carol had dismissed him,Theodorian-Carada, p. 136 then negotiated a reunification of the Conservatives and Junimea defectors, prompted by the king's wish to have a stable government party.Marghiloman, p. 21 He had declined offers to replace Sturdza himself, favoring Theodor Rosetti or Ioan Lahovary for that position."InformaÈii", in Epoca, July 21, 1898, p. 2In 1896, Kalinderu restored the church on his own estate of Schitu-Greci, radically altering the overall design.IonaÈcu, pp. 232, 241â242 He was particularly concerned with building and restoring Orthodox religious buildings on the king's domain,Marie of Romania, ÃnsemnÄri zilnice, p. 422. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2006. {{ISBN|978-973-876-888-8}}Mihaesco, p. 197 personally involved in restoring and refurbishing the church of BÄlteni-PeriÈ."DonaÈiuni", in Biserica OrthodoxÄ RomânÄ. RevistÄ PeriodicÄ EclesiasticÄ, Nr. 12, March 1900, p. 1191 He supervised model farms,Mihaesco, p. 197; Mitu, pp. 304â305 wrote a textbook for crown agents,Teodorescu et al, p. 850 and ordered the founding of cultural societies, the first appearing on a domain in 1897. It published the eponymous "people's encyclopedic magazine", Albina ("The Bee"), appearing between October 1897 and 1916. Kalinderu was the head editor, with George CoÈbuc, Petre Dulfu, and Petre Vasiliu-NÄsturel serving as co-editors.Baiculescu et al., pp. 14â15 His work in public literacy also led him to establish Steaua Association. Joined by Constantin Banu and Spiru Haret, and later by Barbu Ètirbey and Alexandru Lapedatu, it had as its object the promotion of "moral, patriotic and useful publications", and the prevention, "by all lawful meas, of immoral writings and publications"."«Steaua»", in Albina. RevistÄ EnciclopedicÄ PopularÄ, Nr. 51/1901, p. 1976; "«Steaua»", in Albina. RevistÄ EnciclopedicÄ PopularÄ, Nr. 22/1915, p. 839Kalinderu was also editor of Culture Ministry's newsletter, Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, and of the forestry magazine, Revista PÄdurilor,Baiculescu et al., pp. 80, 550 serving as chairman of the Historical Monuments Commission, the Progress in Forestry Society, and the Royal Geographical Society. He was also offered chairmanship of the Romanian Athenaeum, but regretfully declined, arguing that he was caught up in his agricultural work. Instead, he promised to bequeath a "handsome sum" of money to the Athenaeum upon his death.Ètefan C. Ioan, "Amintiri din trecutul Ateneului Român", in Cele Trei CriÈuri, Nr. 3â4/1944, pp. 60â61 In 1906, following Sturdza's second fall from office, Kalinderu was again tipped as the likely Prime Minister.C. Ulysse, "D. Sturdza la Rege. â Un guvern Kalinderu", in Protestarea, March 8, 1906, p. 1Described by Zigu Ornea as a "pseudo-historian", Kalinderu authored "risible" studies on Roman hairstyles,Titu Maiorescu (ed. Z. Ornea), T. Maiorescu Èi prima generaÈie de maiorescieni, p. 348. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1978 which also drew much amusement from contemporaries.Gheorghe I. Bodea, Regele Carol al II-lea, p. 48. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 2000. {{ISBN|978-973-350-925-7}} They were published in 1900â1901 as Portul barbeÄ Èi pÄruluÄ la RomanÄ ("Beard and Hair Styling among the Romans") and Portul perucilor Èi bÄrbieriÄ la RomanÄ ("Wigs and Barbers of the Romans"). Kalinderu's other publications have been characterized by Maiorescu as "compilations with no value". They include monographs on the praetorium ius (1885), on Roman municipal law and on the Byzantine Senate (both 1887), on the Twelve Tables (1888), on Roman vacationing (1895), on Augustus and his literary retinue (1897â1898), on Caesar's Civil War (1902), on clothing in ancient Rome (1903â1904), and on social life during the times of Pliny the Elder (1904).Teodorescu et al, pp. 849â851 He also published an homage to Stephen the Great, medieval Prince of Moldavia, studies of succession to the Romanian throne, and an academy-sanctioned biography of Melchisedec ÈtefÄnescu.Teodorescu et al, pp. 849, 850, 851 In an 1888 polemical tract, Une poignée de vérités à nos prétendants ("A Fistful of Truths for Our Detractors"), Kalinderu and Alexandru Candiano-Popescu, using the shared pseudonym Un Paysan du Danube ("A Peasant of the Danube"), defended their work alongside the king.Teodorescu et al, p. 851Agrarian reformer
Kalinderu largely owed his ascent into prominent positions to his work at the crown domains and his influence with Carol I. However, his activity in agricultural and social improvement earned him respect. As early as 1898, Angelo de Gubernatis referred to his "powerful and positive work", calling Kalinderu "one of the most noble figures in today's Romania".Angelo de Gubernatis, La Roumaine et les roumains. Impressions de voyage et études, p. 21. Florence: Bernard Seeber libraire-éditeur, 1898 Another visitor, André Bellessort, joked that the perpetually youthful "Mr. Kalindero" resembled "a rustic god", a patron of the farmers with "nitrogen eyes".Bellessort, pp. 849â851 Kalinderu's contributions to agricultural science and his activism, covered in a 1903 monograph by the agrarianist Vasile KogÄlniceanu,Teodorescu et al., p. 877 were praised by the sociologists: Dimitrie DrÄghicescu saw them as marked by an "entrepreneurial spirit, unrelenting in its activity";DrÄghicescu, p. 559 Nicolae MihÄescu-Nigrim called Kalinderu "one of the country's most eminent economists" and an "indefatigable administrator".Mihaesco, pp. 196, 201 As chemist Amuliu Proca notes, Kalinderu turned the domains into an "institution for defeating poverty, a factor in educating and culturally improving the villages". It "set an example of what may be accomplished, in a short while, by a country that was taking major steps in her development."As summarized by the official press of his time, he "put all his efforts into directing peasants toward the cottage industry", created "home economics classes and adult education courses", and "was the first to speak" at educational conferences. He established a dairy factory, as well as shops for weavers, ropemakers, wainwrights and woodturners, and showcased their products at the 1900 World's Fair. Following Julius Kühn, Kalinderu insisted that the precondition of a "rational economy" was good livestock, so he inaugurated a freely accessible breeding program, also providing tenants with cultivars, or with beekeeping and sericulture implements.Mitu, pp. 309â311 He also reintroduced reforestation and forest farming where bad practices had affected the environment.Mitu, pp. 310â311 Kalinderu held the notion that the Romanian peasant was miserable for being illiterate, and that "all it takes is a set of favorable circumstances for him to display [his] talents".DrÄghicescu, p. 528 The efforts to educate his tenants were conjugated with those of Steaua{{'}}s Haret, by then National Liberal Minister of Education, providing young students with work experience and physical culture, as well as inculcating in them a patriotic awareness.Mitu, pp. 311â312, 313â315 A significant portion of his time was spent on teaching peasants to diversify their diet, including providing hired hands with daily rations of vegetables, meat and milk. This helped to prevent outbursts of pellagra.Mitu, pp. 315â316File:Ludovic Bassarab - In carciuma.jpg|thumb|330px|In the Tavern, 1907 painting by Ludovic BassarabLudovic BassarabIn 1901, agronomist Constantin Sandu-Aldea acknowledged that there was a stark difference between "the mass of cultivators, who fall behind progress", and those living and working on crown lands. As he noted, the "intelligent and energetic" Kalinderu was managing his estate and his tenants backed by "all scientific data in modern agriculture."C. Sandu, "Les engagements agricoles en Roumanie", in Journal d'Agriculture Pratique, de Jardinage et d'Ãconomie Domestique, Vol. 65, 1901, p. 705 Modeling his effort on the Austrian colonization of Bosnia, Kalinderu financed research projects for his employees, sending many of them to study in Austria-Hungary.Mitu, pp. 312â313 On crown estates, management was divided between networks of forestry engineers, agricultural engineers, and accountants, who decided working hours and met budgetary requirements; workers received social security, including disability insurance.Mitu, pp. 303â306, 308â309 These and other contracts excluded drunkards and unmarried couples, with a view to promoting a stringent moral code.Mitu, p. 315 However, his attempts to uproot alcoholism and promote personal hygiene had mixed results, according to the left-wing Mihail Sadoveanu, who noted, sarcastically, "true enough, these days taverns have been replaced by bathhouses and libraries."PÄdurean, p. 84 Likewise, a 1901 project to set up rural theaters was derided and parodied by Ion Luca Caragiale, in Moftul Român. Reportedly, his order to build model libraries on the domains was actively sabotaged by the local curators, who would not allow peasants to consult them, or even to set foot in the buildings.Al. Lascarov-Moldovanu, Cruce Èi naÈionalism. ÃnsemnÄrile unui trecÄtor, pp. 72â73. Bucharest: Editura Cugetarea, 1925Kalinderu took over his father's seat at Creditul Rural, which financed the cottage industry and, in 1906, was chaired by Sturdza. The institution was rocked by scandals between its Conservative and National Liberal managersâwhen Sturdza stepped down in March 1906, Kalinderu became his replacement.BacalbaÈa III, p. 113 His belief in self-help and his defense of landed-property rights against another land reform were highlighted after the peasants' revolt of 1907, during which his own estate at Schitu-Greci was ransacked. At the Progress in Forestry Society, he condemned the peasants' belief that "the state has a duty to provide them with land", and insisted that the root cause of the revolt was their failure to accept modernity and practicality. As he noted at the time, "on the crown domains, [...] the peasants never rebelled, but quite the contrary, defended property against invaders.""Dl Kalinderu despre starea ÈÄranilor", in Tribuna, Nr. 105/1907, p. 3Mediating between the Conservatives and the king, Kalinderu obtained guarantees against the reform, although he and the crown advocated "a credit union under the control of the state, permitting peasants to accumulate more land of their own."Marghiloman, p. 63 By then, he had resigned from his steering position at Creditul Rural, following an agreement with Dinu BrÄtianu, who replaced him."Din România", in Tribuna, Nr. 235/1907, p. 5 In 1908â1911, his Albina team also put out a weekly "social bulletin", providing Orthodox parsons and rural teachers with guidance in the field social work.Baiculescu et al., p. 71Art collector and courtier
Kalinderu's other ambitious ideas manifested themselves erratically, including a project for a girls' boarding school in Turnu MÄgurele, the "OteteleÈanu Institute",PÄdurean, p. 85; Teodorescu et al, p. 849 which he launched without the academy's approval. He was also involved in the development of the BuÈteni mountain resort, where he built a paper mill and a high school that today bears his name. He promoted ski, and a slope there is also named in his honor.{{in lang|ro}} Sorin Anghel, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160819170509weblink">"Pârtia Kalinderu aÈteaptÄ schiorii", in Jurnalul NaÈional, November 24, 2005 His own estate increased by 1907, with the addition of 401 hectares at Seacaâleased out to the Predescu brothersâand other plots in Tecuci-Kalinderu.SteluÈa Chefani-PÄtraÈcu, MoÈieri teleormÄneni (1864â1949). MÄrire Èi decÄdere (PublicaÈiile Muzeului JudeÈean Teleorman, VI), pp. 283, 288, 294. Renaissance: Bucharest, 2011. {{ISBN|978-606-637-009-7}} From July 1906 onward,"Din România. Ètiri dela expoziÈie", in Tribuna, Nr. 132/1906, p. 2 his other pet project was art collecting, with the goal of setting up a museum at his villa on Vasile Sion Street, near the CiÈmigiu Gardens. The house itself, designed by Ion D. Berindey, cost 2 million gold lei to build, and was lavishly furnished. The collection included Ancient Greek pottery and works of design alongside art by Donatello, Andrea del Verrocchio, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Théodore Géricault, Léon Bonnat, Auguste Raffet, and the complete collection of etchings by Piranesi. These were matched by a Romanian hall, with canvasses by Nicolae Grigorescu, Ètefan Luchian, Ion Andreescu, Camil Ressu and various others.The art world was skeptical of his tastes: Tudor Arghezi and Alexandru Lapedatu both noted that Kalinderu had amassed his objets without much discernment; later, art historian Petre Oprea concluded that Kalinderu was driven by "vainglory and a thirst for fame."PÄdurean, pp. 81â82 Similarly, critic George Oprescu suggests that Ioan's taste in art was eclipsed by that of his physician brother Nicolae, who selected "all that is best" in the Kalinderu collection.George Oprescu, "ColecÈia de tablouri a Clubului Tinerimii", in Boabe de Grâu, Nr. 2/1934, pp. 75â77 According to the fellow collector Krikor Zambaccian: "dapper, distant and implacable, the Smyrniote was haughty and did not tolerate competition". Zambaccian found his rival overall "harmless", even though he noted an incident in which an angry Kalinderu "decapitated" a work of sculpture.PÄdurean, pp. 82â83Kalideru's other eccentricities attracted attention in their own right. Seen by contemporaries and later historians as excessively vain and hence susceptible, he was decorated with the ribbons of numerous European countries,PÄdurean, p. 78 holding the Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania, the Legion of Honour as Grand Officer, and, from 1903, the Grand Cordon of the Order of Osmanieh.Pierre Quillard, "Nouvelles d'Orient. Condamnations et décorations", in Pro Armenia, No. 65, July 15, 1903, p. 327 In one of his charges, Arghezi claimed that Kalinderu, the "Man with Violet Eyes", was entirely alien to the nation he claimed to rescue, a "purulent flower on the heights of our national life." Lapedatu commented on his "wicked half-closed Oriental eyes", his "black mustache like that of Napoleon III", and his dress "in the English style, with wide pants, gray jacket, an enormous lapel flower and a tall gray hat". Constantin Argetoianu observed that although Kalinderu lacked all inclination toward sport or riding, he would go out every morning on a nag he could barely ride.PÄdurean, p. 79 Although this activity bored him, he would not have renounced it for anything, because he had read it was a habit of lords in London. Later, he became an ardent velocipedist, and was the only person with special permission to ride a velocipede in CiÈmigiu.As seen by Radu R. Rosetti, Kalinderu appears "sententious, ridiculous, but very much appreciated by the King".Rosetti, p. 126 Reportedly, he worked for free at the crown domains, refusing to collect his salary: "The only rewards he desires are peasant blessings and his playing billiards with His Majesty."Bellessort, p. 851 The king's appreciation was strictly contextual, a fact noticed by the politician Ion G. Duca: although Kalideru "entertained illusions" that he was personal friends with Carol, the latter "made sure to dispel it"; the courtier could be the king's "servant and useful instrument, but never his friend."Duca, p. 102 Reportedly, Carol also ordered Kalinderu to admonish Crown Prince Ferdinand and Princess Marie for their lavish spending.{{in lang|ro}} Ion Bulei, "Acum un veac (XLII). Talentele Mariei (II)", in Ziarul Financiar, January 7, 2016 The future Queen Marie was much amused by Kalinderu, describing him as "little, round, with a short beard and a pronounced Semitic nose; one of his eyes sparkled wickedly, showing an unusually sharp intelligence".{{in lang|ro}} weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160819143811weblink">"Maria Regina României. Un gentilom în care regele Carol avea cea mai mare încredere", in Jurnalul NaÈional, June 1, 2013 She recalled a visit with him to Windsor Castle, where "it was truly amusing to see the short gentleman very pleased with himself, catching everything with his glimpse, weighing, judging, taking the measure of people and things, with that small, penetrating, almost wicked eye". Even when meeting Queen Victoria, his eye "roved throughout, as if he feared missing something". When he was shown the castle's art treasures, he observed them "with the superior air of a man in the know, of a man who was familiar with valuable collections".PÄdurean, p. 83Final years, death, and legacy
As noted by the queen, Kalinderu's "vain, self-satisfied appearance" became "a tireless temptation for caricaturists". During the nine years in which their activity overlapped, the magazine Furnica made him a buffoonish stock character in prose, poetry, and cartoons.PÄdurean, pp. 79â81 Furnica{{'}}s George Ranetti also circulated serious charges against Kalinderu, accusing him of having run over a child with his car, and implying that he had used his connections to avoid prosecution.Kiriak Napadarjan, "GardiÈtii Èi Furnica", in Furnica, Nr. 196/1908, p. 5 During the peasants' revolt, Furnica published a cartoon showing Kalinderu as a personification of Cajolery, interposing himself between Carol and The Truth (personified by a tenant farmer);Rosetti, p. 90 issues of that period were confiscated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.Baiculescu et al., p. 269 Reportedly, Kalinderu himself was generally aware of the mockery, but pretended to be "inviolable", and even incited Ranetti by riding his horse to his office. However, Furnica gleefully reported, he lost his temper with the painter Ion Theodorescu-Sion, who had contributed a set of cartoons to the campaign. According to the magazine, this incident showed his limitations as an art patron.PÄdurean, pp. 80â81{{Gallery|align=center| title = | width = 150| height = 160Notes
{{reflist|30em}}References
- Constantin BacalbaÈa,
- BucureÈtii de altÄdatÄ, Vol. II. Bucharest: Editura Ziarului Universul, 1928.
- BucureÈtii de altÄdatÄ, Vols. I, III. Bucharest: Editura Ziarului Universul, 1935â1936.
- George Baiculescu, Georgeta RÄduicÄ, Neonila Onofrei, PublicaÈiile periodice româneÈti (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907â1918. Supliment 1790â1906. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969.
- André Bellessort, "à travers la Roumanie", in Revue des Deux Mondes, Vol. 25, 1905, pp. 830â873.
- Matei Cazacu, "Craii de Curtea-Veche ai lui Mateiu I. Caragiale. Ãntre fantezie Èi istorie (II)", in Magazin Istoric, December 2019, pp. 23â28.
- Dimitrie DrÄghicescu, Din psihologia poporului român. Introducere. Bucharest: Libraria Leon Alcaly, 1907.
- Ion G. Duca, Amintiri politice, I. Munich: Jon Dumitru-Verlag, 1981.
- I. IonaÈcu, Biserici, chipuri Èi documente din Olt, Vol. I. Craiova: Ramuri, 1934. {{OCLC|935559527}}
- George Ioan Lahovari, Constantin I. BrÄtianu, Grigore Tocilescu, Marele dicÈionar geografic al Romîniei. AlcÄtuit Èi prelucrat dupÄ dicÈionarele parÈiale pe judeÈe, Vol. II. Bucharest: Stab. Grafic J. V. SocecÅ, 1899.
- Alexandru Marghiloman, Note politice, Vol. I. Bucharest: Editura Institutului de Arte Grafice Eminescu, 1927.
- N. Mihaesco, "Séance du 13 février 1901. â La Roumanie à l'Exposition Universelle", in Revue Internationale de Sociologie, Vol. 9, Issue 3, March 1901, pp. 194â214.
- Narcisa Maria Mitu, "Organizarea Èi administrarea Domeniilor Coroanei", in Analele UniversitÄÈii din Craiova. Seria Istorie, Vol. XVI, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 303â315.
- Lucian NastasÄ, "Suveranii" universitÄÈilor româneÈti. Mecanisme de selecÈie Èi promovare a elitei intelectuale, Vol. I. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Limes, 2007. {{ISBN|978-973-726-278-3}}
- {{in lang|ro}} Florin PÄdurean, "D'ale lui Conu' Iancu Kalinderu. Priviri critice asupra vieÈii unui academician", in Revista Bibliotecii Academici Române, Vol. I, Issue 1, JanuaryâJune 2016, pp. 77â85.
- Radu R. Rosetti, MÄrturisiri, I. Bucharest: Convorbiri Literare, 1933
- Tamara Teodorescu, Rodica Fochi, FlorenÈa SÄdeanu, Liana Miclescu, LucreÈia AngheluÈÄ, Bibliografia româneascÄ modernÄ (1831â1918). Vol. II: DâK. Bucharest: Editura ÈtiinÈificÄ Èi enciclopedicÄ, 1986. {{OCLC|462172635}}
- Mariu Theodorian-Carada, Efemeridele. InsemnÄri & amintiri. Ãntâiul volum. Bucharest: Tipografia Capitalei, 1930.
- Gheorghe Zane, Economia de schimb în Principatele Române. Bucharest: Editura Casei Ècoalelor, 1930.
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Ioan Kalinderu" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 12:40am EDT - Sun, May 05 2024
- "Ioan Kalinderu" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 12:40am EDT - Sun, May 05 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED