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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Gurdaspur}}{{original research|date=June 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}

factoids

| subdivision_type = CountryIndia}}States and territories of India>StatePunjab, India>Punjab| established_title = | established_date = | named_for = | seat_type = Headquarters| seat = Gurdaspur| unit_pref = Metric| area_total_km2 = 2610| elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = ‡}}| population_total = 2,298,323| population_as_of = 2011| population_density_km2 = auto| demographics_type1 = Languages| demographics1_title1 = OfficialPunjabi language>PunjabiIndian Standard Time>IST| utc_offset1 = +5:30| registration_plate_type = Vehicle Code| registration_plate = PB 06,PB 18,PB 58,PB 85, PB 99| postal_code_type = | postal_code = | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy| blank1_info_sec1 = 79.95%weblink}}}}Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur. Two main rivers Beas and Ravi passes through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district.WEB,weblink About District, gurdaspur.nic.in, 29 March 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050802074716weblink">weblink 2 August 2005, dead, The district is at the foothills of the Himalayas.As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Punjab (out of 22), after Ludhiana and Amritsar.WEB,weblink District Census 2011, 2011-09-30, 2011, Census2011.co.in, Batala, with 31% of the district's population, is its largest city.

History

File:Coin of Dharaghosha king of the Audumbaras.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of Dharaghosha, king of the Audumbaras, in the Indo-Greek style, from Gurdaspur district, c. 100 BCE.Obv: Standing figure, probably of Vishvamitra, Kharoshthi legend, around: Mahadevasa Dharaghoshasa/Odumbarisa "Great Lord King Dharaghosha/Prince of Audumabara", across: Viçvamitra "Vishvamitra".Rev: Trident battle-axe, tree with railing, (Brahmi]] legend identical in content to the obverse.Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century, A.D by Rapson, E. J. p.154 weblink)

Medieval period

This area was used as a base by Banda Singh Bahadur to raid the area up to Lahore. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah conducted an expedition against him in 1711, but with only temporary effect. Banda Singh Bahadur fought his last battle against Mughals at Gurdas Nangal and was captured.WEB,weblink History | District Gurdaspur,Government of Punjab | India, WEB,weblink District Heritage Society Gurdaspur, On 17 May 1746, the Chhota Ghallughara (smaller Sikh genocide) took place. Approximately 10,000 to 15,000 Sikhs were killed in battle on a single day in Kahnuwan, near Gurdaspur. Under the Lahore governorship of Yahiya Khan, Lakhpat Rai (revenue minister) and Shah Navaz Khan were directed to avenge the killing of Lakhpat Rai's brother, Jaspat Rai. An official decree to exterminate Sikhs was issued.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}In about 1633 CE, during the rule of Shah Jahan, the Badshahi canal was constructed for carrying waters to the Shalimar Gardens at Lahore. Maharaja Ranjit Singh constructed Hansali canal to carry waters to the tank of the Golden Templeweblink page23, irrigation

British Raj

File:Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur3.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, which commemorates the first Sikh commune founded by Guru NanakGuru NanakThe district of Gurdaspur came into being in April 1846 after the annexation of Punjab by the Britishweblink {{bare URL PDF|date=March 2024}} During British Rule the district of Gurdaspur was a subdivision of Lahore Division, the district itself was administratively subdivided into four tehsils: Gurdaspur, Batala, Shakargarh and Pathankot. During the India's first war of independence, on 12 July 1857, battle of Trimmu Ghat was fought between the forces of British and Indian rebel sepoys on the left bank of Ravi.WEB, Battle of Trimmu Ghat 1857,weblink 2024-02-13, INDIAN CULTURE, en, Trimmu Ghat was about 9 miles west of Gurdaspur city in the district. Most of the Indian rebel sepoys were killed in the battle.Punjab, a history from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten, by Rajmohan GandhiAccording to the 1881 census the population of the district was 823,695 this had risen by over 100,000 to 943,922 in the 1891 census. However, the 1901 census recorded a fall in population â€“ 940,334, this was largely due to emigration â€“ some 44,000 settlers settling in Chenab colony. According to the 1901 census there were 463,371 Muslims (49%), 380,636 Hindus (over 40%) and 91,756 (10%) Sikhs. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who founded the Ahmadiyya movement had followers here.WEB,weblink Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 12, page 395 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library, dsal.uchicago.edu, 29 March 2018, During the partition of India in 1947 the future of Gurdaspur was highly contested. According to the 1941 census, the population of this district had a narrow 51.14% Muslim majority. Radcliffe Award of the boundary gave only the Shakargarh tehsil of the district to Pakistan, and the rest to India. The Muslim population of the eastern tehsils migrated to Pakistan as refugees, and the Hindus and Sikhs of Shakargarh migrated to Gurdaspur after crossing the Ravi Bridge. They settled and spread in the Gurdaspur district. According to the 1951 census, there were around 2,97,581 displaced persons who had settled in the district, who formed about 34.96% of the district populationweblink page8 Of the total displaced persons 1,59,716 were males and 1,37,865 females. The origin of most of them were pakistani districts of Sialkot (1,93,182), Shakargarh (43,203), Lyallpur (17,783) and Shekhupura (8,826)weblink page7

Modern India

New tehsil of Dera Baba Nanak was created in 1995 and Dhar Kalan in 1996weblink {{bare URL PDF|date=March 2024}} On 27 July 2011 a part of district was carved out to form a new Pathankot district, which was earlier part of Gurdaspur. The Pathankot district comprises two sub-divisions of Pathankot and Dharkalan along with two sub-tehsils namely Narot Jaimal Singh and Bamial.On 27 July 2015, there was a terror attack in Dinanagar, which is situated in the northern part of the district. During this, three heavily armed terrorists wearing army uniforms attacked a bus and police station. Before being killed in 12 hour long operation, the terrorists killed 7 people, of which 2 were civilians, 2 policemen, 2 home guards and one Superintendent of Police (SP). About 5 kilometres from Dinanagar, five live bombs were found on a small bridge near Parmanand railway station on the Amritsar-Pathankot railway track, which were later disposed. The terrorists were said to have come Pakistan. It was the first major terror attack in Punjab since 1995.'Terror attack in Gurdaspur; SP among seven killed'- The Tribune, by Jupinderjit Singh, Posted: Jul 28, 2015,weblink

Geography

Location

The Gurdaspur district is in the north of Punjab state. It falls in the Jalandhar division and is sandwiched between rivers Ravi and Beas. The district lies between north-latitude 31°36' and 32°34' and east longitude 74°56' and 75°24' and shares common boundaries with Pathankot district in the north, Beas River in the north-east, Hoshiarpur district in the south-east, Kapurthala district in the south, Amritsar district in the south-west and Pakistan in the north-west. It is a border district of Punjab and lies along India-Pakistan border.

Government and politics

{{see also|List of cities and towns in Gurdaspur district}}

Politics {| class"wikitable sortable"

! No.! Constituency! Name of MLA! colspan="2" | Party!Bench!4Gurudaspur Assembly constituency>Gurdaspur| Barindermeet Singh PahraIndian National Congress}}|Opposition!5Dina Nagar Assembly constituency>Dina Nagar (SC)| Aruna ChaudharyIndian National Congress}}|Opposition!6Qadian Assembly constituency>Qadian| Partap Singh BajwaIndian National Congress}}|Opposition!7Batala Assembly constituency>BatalaAmansher Singh>Amansher Singh (Shery Kalsi)Aam Aadmi Party}}|Government!8Sri Hargobindpur Assembly constituency>Sri Hargobindpur (SC)| Amarpal SinghAam Aadmi Party}}|Government!9Fatehgarh Churian Assembly constituency>Fatehgarh Churian| Tripat Rajinder Singh BajwaIndian National Congress}}|Opposition!10Dera Baba Nanak Assembly constituency>Dera Baba Nanak| Sukhjinder Singh RandhawaIndian National Congress}}|Opposition|{| class"wikitable sortable"|+ Tehsil">

Tehsil{| width"80%"|{| class"wikitable sortable"|+ Tehsil

! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Subdivision /Tehsil! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Inhabited Villages! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Uninhabited Villages! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Area(km2) ! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Population! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Density Per km2|544|660|379| Kalanaur| Dinanagar Total 1,157 48 2,610 1,477,857566

Sub Tehsils (Total: 7)

{| class="wikitable sortable"|+ Sub-Tehsil! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sub Tehsil Name|Kahnuwan|Sri Hargobindpur|Qadian|Fatehgarh Churian|Dhariwal|Naushera Majha Singh|Dorangla

C.D. Blocks (Total: 11)

{| class="wikitable sortable"|+ C.D. Blocks! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" | Block Name| Gurdaspur| Kalanaur| Dhariwal| Kahnuwan| Dinanagar| Batala| Fatehgarh Churian| Dera Baba Nanak| Sri Hargobindpur| Qadian| Dorangla

Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam)

{| class="wikitable sortable"|+ Municipal Corporation Name! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Corporation Name| Batala

Municipal Councils

{| class="wikitable sortable"|+ Municipal Name! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Municipal Name| Gurdaspur| Dhariwal| Dinanagar| Sri Hargobindpur| Dera Baba Nanak| Fatehgarh Churian| Qadian">

Villages{| class"wikitable sortable"|+ Village Name

! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Sr. No.! bgcolor="#99ccff" |Village Name| Bangowani| Zahadpur| Khojala| Barnala| SaduChak| Kohali (Gurdaspur District)| Talwandi Jheuran| Vero Nangal

Demographics

Population

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=702372|13=1911|14=622008|15=1921|16=634394|17=1931|18=718523|19=1941|20=854968|21=1951|22=851140|23=1961|24=980868|25=1971|26=1229464|27=1981|28=1513435|29=1991|30=1756732|31=2001|32=2103455|33=2011|34=2298323|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:WEB,weblink Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901, |align=right}}According to the 2011 census Gurdaspur district has a population of 2,298,323, roughly equal to the nation of LatviaWEB, US Directorate of Intelligence, Country Comparison:Population,weblink 2011-10-01, Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est., 27 September 2011,weblink dead, or the US state of New Mexico.WEB,weblink 2010 Resident Population Data, U. S. Census Bureau, 2011-09-30, New Mexico – 2,059,179, 27 December 2010,weblink" title="archive.today/20101227010452weblink">weblink dead, This gives it a ranking of 196th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of {{convert| 649 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.3%. Gurdaspur has a sex ratio of 895 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.95%.After the separation of the Pathankot tehsil into a separate district in 2011, the residual district has a population of 1,621,725 of which 1,260,572 were rural and 361,153 were urban. Scheduled Castes have a population of 373,544 (23.03%) of the population. Punjabi is the predominant language, spoken by 98.27% of the population.WEB, Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Punjab,weblink censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India,

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Gurdaspur through the years, according to various census years.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, Note:- The figure for 2011 does not include the data of the areas that currently form Pathankot district, which were separated from Gurdaspur on that year, to form a new district.{|class = "wikitable sortable"|907|890|903|907|890|869|846|843|809|794|774|853The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Gurdaspur district. Note:- The data till year 2001 also includes the data from the areas currently in the Pathankot district.{|class="wikitable sortable"|818|797According to the National Family Health Survey - 4 (2015-16), 88.2% of the total women between the ages of 15 and 49 years in Gurdaspur district were literate, this rate was 86.7% for rural areas of the district. For men in the same age group, 90.4% were literate and this rate was 90.7% for rural areas. According to the same survey, 62.7% of the women of the same age group had 10 or more years of schooling and this rate was 57.6% for rural areas."National Family Health Survey - 42015 -16, District Fact Sheet, Gurdaspur, Punjab", Page 2,weblink

Rural and Urban

The table below shows the percentage of rural population through the decades.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.{|class="wikitable sortable"|77.73%|74.56%|78.02%|78.31%|79.7%The table below gives the absolute number of rural and urban population through the years.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.{|class="wikitable sortable"weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, !Year!!Urban!!Rural|12,60,572|15,68,788|13,71,796|11,85,167|9,80,165

Religion

{{Pie chart|thumb = right|caption=Religion in Gurdaspur District, 2011|label1 = Sikhism|value1 = 58.58|color1 = Darkkhaki |label2 = Hinduism|value2 = 29.36|color2 = Orange|label3 = Christianity|value3 = 10.44|color3 = Blue|label4= Islam|value4=0.82|color4=Green|label5= Other|value5=0.80|color5=Gray}}Sikhism is the largest religion in the residual district with 950,016 (58.58%), while Hinduism is the second-largest with 476,095 (29.36%). Christians are the third-largest community with 169,295 (10.44%), the highest share of Christians in the state, and Muslims 13,350 (0.82%).WEB,weblink C-1 Population By Religious Community Data - Census 2011 - Punjab, censusindia.gov.in, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Before Partition, undivided Gurdaspur district had a slight Muslim majority with a large Hindu minority and smaller Sikh and Christian populations. The area which now forms the current district had a Muslim majority and a large Sikh minority, with smaller Hindu and Christian populations.{| class="wikitable sortable"1941: Includes Gurdaspur and Batala tehsils, which are the tehsils which now cover the area of Gurdaspur district}}! rowspan="2" |Religiousgroup! colspan="2" |1941WEB,weblink CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE, 21 July 2022, {{rp|61-62}}! colspan="2" |2011WEB, Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Punjab,weblink censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}Islam in Punjab, India>Islam (File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px)| 380,775| 53.72%| 13,350| 0.82%Sikhism (File:Khanda.svg>19x19px)| 193,108| 27.24%| 950,016| 58.58%Punjabi Hindus>Hinduism (File:Om.svgname=ad-dharmi}}| 90,412| 12.75%| 476,095| 29.36%Christianity in Punjab, India>Christianity (File:Christian_cross.svg|21x21px)| 43,176| 6.09%| 169,295| 10.44%name=others|Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism or not stated}}| 1,401| 0.20%| 12,969| 0.80%!Total Population!708,872!{{Percentage | 1153511 | 1153511 | 2 }}!1,621,725!{{Percentage | 2298323 | 2298323 | 2 }}(File: Population of Muslims and Non-Muslims in Gurdaspur District, 1891-1941.svg|thumb|right|Populations of Muslim and Non-Muslims in Gurdaspur District, based on Census Data. In the 1881 Census, Non-Muslims were in majority, at 52.49%. While the Non-Muslims had a slight majority, the proportion of the Muslim population increased in the following decades. By the 1930s, Muslims were the majority population in the District.BOOK, Singh, Kirpal, Select Documents on Partition of Punjab - 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan, 2005, National Book Shop, Delhi, 9788171164455, 212,weblink 17 March 2022, Memorandum Submitted to the Punjab Boundary Commission by the Indian National Congress, |251x251px){| class="wikitable sortable"|+ Religious groups in Gurdaspur District (British Punjab province era)! rowspan="2" |Religiousgroup! colspan="2" |1901WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25363739, 23 March 2024, Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province., 1901, 34, ! colspan="2" |1911WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25393788, 23 March 2024, Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables., 1911, 27, WEB,weblink 23 March 2024, Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II, 1911, 27, Kaul, Harikishan, ! colspan="2" |1921WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25430165, 23 March 2024, Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables., 1921, 29, ! colspan="2" |1931WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25793242, 23 March 2024, Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables., 1931, 277, ! colspan="2" |1941WEB,weblink saoa.crl.28215541, 23 March 2024, Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab, 1941, 42, India Census Commissioner, 6, !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}! Islam (File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px)| 463,371 463371 2 }}| 408,216 408216 2 }}| 422,877 422877 2 }}| 493,216 493216 2 }}| 589,923 589923 2 }}! Hinduism (File:Om.svg|15px){{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis}}| 380,636 380636 2 }}| 284,017 284017 2 }}| 258,823 258823 2 }}| 255,949 255949 2 }}| 290,774 290774 2 }}! Sikhism (File:Khanda.svg|15px)| 91,756 91756 2 }}| 121,078 121078 2 }}| 137,625 137625 2 }}| 178,471 178471 2 }}| 221,261 221261 2 }}! Christianity (File:Christian cross.svg|15px)| 4,471 4471 2 }}| 23,365 23365 2 }}| 32,832 32832 2 }}| 43,243 43243 2 }}| 51,522 51522 2 }}! Jainism (File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px)| 72 72 2 }}| 73 73 2 }}| 20 20 2 }}| 15 15 2 }}| 25 25 2 }}! Zoroastrianism (File:Faravahar.svg|15px)| 28 28 2 }}| 22 22 2 }}| 12 12 2 }}| 2 2 2 }}| 6 6 2 }}! Buddhism (File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px)| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 3 3 2 }}| 2 2 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}! Judaism (File:Star_of_David.svg|15px)| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}! Others| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}! Total population! 940,334! {{Percentage | 940334 | 940334 | 2 }}! 836,771! {{Percentage | 836771 | 836771 | 2 }}! 852,192! {{Percentage | 852192 | 852192 | 2 }}! 970,898! {{Percentage | 970898 | 970898 | 2 }}! 1,153,511! {{Percentage | 1153511 | 1153511 | 2 }} class="sortbottom" {{smallBritish Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province (British India)>Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Gurdaspur district.Note:- The separation of the areas in the current Pathankot district in 2011, may have significantly changed the numbers and figures for that year.{|class="wikitable sort"weblink data.gov.in, 7 August 2023, 21 January 2022, !Religion!!Urban (2011)!!Rural (2011)!!Urban (2001)!!Rural (2001)!!Urban (1991)!!Rural (1991)|4,76,531|6,09,380|90,924|164|510

Economy

In 2020-21, there were a total of 7,740 registered Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) and Artisan units in Gurdaspur district, which provided employment to 56,298 people. There were 9 registered Medium and Large industrial Unit, which provided employment to 2,709 people.'GurdaspurDistrict Export Promotion Plan2020-21', Ministry of Commerce,Office of the Additional Director General of Foreign Trade, Page 51 to 54,weblink In 2010-11, there were 7,840 registered industrial units which provided employment to 55,541 people.'Brief Industrial Profile Of District Gurdaspur', Page Number 8,weblink The major export items of large scale industries in Gurdaspur were rice, sugar and knitting yarn.'GurdaspurDistrict Profile', Ministry if comerce, Office of the Additional Director General of Foreign Trade, Page 7,weblink

Health

As of 2018, the number of registered doctors in the Gurdaspur district were 1,642 and registered nurses were 6,118.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, Which means the average population served per doctor for that year was 1,058.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, The table given below shows the population served per doctor in Gurdaspur district, by years.WEB,weblink Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India, 21 January 2022, {|class="wikitable sortable"|2,490|2,382|2,377|2,441|2,536|2,558|2,598|3,019|2,043|2,806|2,986The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Gurdaspur, as of year 2020.{| class = "wikitable sortable"|+ District nutrition profile of children under 5 years of age in Gurdaspur, year 202weblink {{bare URL PDF|date=March 2024}}!Indicators!!Number of children (