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{{Short description|Left-wing green political party in New Zealand}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}{{Use New Zealand English|date=August 2015}}

factoids

miitalics=no}}| logo = Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand logo.svgGreen Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}Green politicsSocial democracy{{list collapsed>title=Factions:SocialismHTTPS://THESPINOFF.CO.NZ/POLITICS/04-10-2018/SOCIALISM-IS-BACK-BABY-AND-IT-DOESNT-WANT-YOUR-VOTE/ LAST= BRAAE DATE= 4 OCTOBER 2018 ACCESS-DATE= 12 DECEMBER 2020, HTTPS://FIGHTBACK.ORG.NZ/2020/09/15/ARE-NEW-ZEALANDS-GREENS-WORTH-A-SOCIALIST-VOTE-THREE-PERSPECTIVES/ >TITLE= ARE NEW ZEALAND’S GREENS WORTH A SOCIALIST VOTE? THREE PERSPECTIVES WEBSITE= FIGHTBACK CentrismHIGH RANKING GREENS MEMBER PULLS PIN BEFORE ELECTIONWEBSITE=RNZ.CO.NZPUBLISHER= RADIO NEW ZEALANDLANGUAGE=EN, }}| headquarters = 17 Garrett St,Te Aro, Wellington| newspaper = Te AwaGlobal GreensMEMBER PARTIESPUBLISHER=GLOBAL GREENSDATE=14 OCTOBER 2007, greens.org.nz}}| country = New Zealand Left-wing}}| leader1_title = Co-leaders| leader1_name = {{Unbulleted list|Marama Davidson|Chlöe Swarbrick}}DATE=23 JULY 2023, }}| predecessor = Values Party| merged = | work = | student_wing = | youth_wing = Young Greens of Aotearoa New Zealand| membership_year = | membership = Alliance (New Zealand political party)>Alliance (1991–1997)Asia Pacific Greens FederationGREEN PARTIESPUBLISHER=ASIA PACIFIC GREENSDATE=6 SEPTEMBER 2014, {{party colorborder=darkgray}} GreenNew Zealand House of Representatives>House of Representatives15hex={{party color|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}}}}}{{Green politics sidebar}}The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand (),WEB,www.greens.org.nz/charter, Our Charter, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 7 April 2023, commonly known as Green or the Greens, is a green and left-wing political party in New Zealand.BOOK, Miller, Raymond, Democracy in New Zealand, 2015, Auckland University Press, 169, 9781775588085,books.google.com/books?id=1T93CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT146, BOOK, Mazzoleni, Juliet Roper; Christina Holtz-Bacha; Gianpietro, The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation, 2004, Lang, New York, NY [u.a.], 9780820461489, 40, Like many green parties around the world, it has four pillars (ecological wisdom, social justice, grassroots democracy, and nonviolence).JOURNAL, Kitschelt, Herbert P., 189889610, Review of The Global Promise of Green Politics, 657226, Theory and Society, 525–533, 1 January 1985, 10.1007/BF00159254, The party’s ideology combines environmentalism with left-wing and social-democratic economic policies, including well-funded and locally controlled public services within the confines of a steady-state economy.WEB, A Sustainable Economy for New Zealand,home.greens.org.nz/sites/default/files/A_Sustainable_Economy_for_New_Zealand.pdf, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 1 November 2017, 12 November 2010, Internationally, it is affiliated with the Global Greens.The Green Party traces its origins to the Values Party, founded in 1972 as the world’s first national-level environmentalist party. The current Green Party was formed in 1990. From 1991 to 1997, the party participated in the Alliance, a grouping of five left-wing parties. It gained representation in Parliament at the 1996 election.Historically, the Green Party had two co-leaders, one male and one female. In May 2022, Green Party members voted to change the co-leadership model, now requiring one female leader and one leader of any gender, and that one leader must be Māori.NEWS, Russell, Palmer,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/466386/green-party-leaders-proud-of-constitution-changes, Green Party leaders ‘proud’ of constitution changes, Radio New Zealand, 3 May 2022, 11 May 2022, Marama Davidson has been the female co-leader since 2018. Chlöe Swarbrick became co-leader in March 2024, succeeding James Shaw, who had been elected as male co-leader in 2015.It is the third largest party in the House of Representatives, with 15 MPs.WEB, 14 October 2023, 2023 General Election – Official Result,elections.nz/media-and-news/2023/official-results-for-the-2023-general-election/, 14 October 2023, Electoral Commission, In 2020, the party agreed to cooperate with the Sixth Labour Government and received two ministerial portfolios in return.NEWS, 31 October 2020, Greens accept Labour’s offer for ‘cooperation agreement’, Radio New Zealand,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/429559/greens-accept-labour-s-offer-for-cooperation-agreement, live, 31 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201031101638/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/429559/greens-accept-labour-s-offer-for-cooperation-agreement, 31 October 2020, The Green Party contests many local government elections throughout New Zealand. Green Party representative Celia Wade-Brown served as Mayor of Wellington from 2010 to 2016, and in 2019, Aaron Hawkins was elected as the Mayor of Dunedin. In Auckland, the Green Party campaigns with the Labour Party, under the City Vision political banner.WEB, Who We Are,cityvision.org.nz/meet-us/who-we-are/, City Vision (political ticket), City Vision, 24 September 2017,

Principles and policies

(File:Green Party banner.jpg|thumb|Green Party supporters attending a demonstration in Christchurch on 1 December 2012)The Green Party was founded to counter what it sees as threats to the natural environment. Environmental issues remain its main focus. In recent times, it has expressed concerns about mining of national parks,WEB,greens.org.nz/conservation/mining, NZ Greens Conservation Mining, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 31 January 2011, dead,www.greens.org.nz/conservation/mining," title="web.archive.org/web/20101231083238www.greens.org.nz/conservation/mining,">web.archive.org/web/20101231083238www.greens.org.nz/conservation/mining, 31 December 2010, fresh water,WEB,www.greens.org.nz/water, Campaigns: Water, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 31 January 2011, dead,www.greens.org.nz/water," title="web.archive.org/web/20101231001614www.greens.org.nz/water,">web.archive.org/web/20101231001614www.greens.org.nz/water, 31 December 2010, peak oilWEB,greens.org.nz/campaigns/peakoil/, NZ Greens: Campaigns: Peak Oil, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 29 June 2008, dead,www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peakoil/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080704070931www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peakoil/,">web.archive.org/web/20080704070931www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peakoil/, 4 July 2008, and the release of genetically engineered organisms.WEB,greens.org.nz/ge/, NZ Greens: Campaigns: Genetic Engineering, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 29 June 2008, dead,greens.org.nz/ge," title="web.archive.org/web/20080827205300greens.org.nz/ge,">web.archive.org/web/20080827205300greens.org.nz/ge, 27 August 2008, The party strongly supports efforts to address climate change based on scientific evidence, by transitioning away from the burning of fossil fuels to renewable energy production,WEB, Climate Change Policy,d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/beachheroes/pages/9627/attachments/original/1594244225/Policy-Greens_Climate_Change.pdf?1594244225, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 8 July 2020, 18 March 2021, as well as making carbon pricing more transparent and bringing the agricultural sector into the Emissions Trading Scheme.PRESS RELEASE, Greenpeace Celebrates Green Party Commitment To End PKE,www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO2009/S00140/greenpeace-celebrates-green-party-commitment-to-end-pke.htm, Greenpeace New Zealand, 12 September 2020, 18 March 2021, scoop.co.nz, The Green Party has spoken out in support of human rightsWEB,greens.org.nz/campaigns/humanrights/, NZ Greens: Campaigns: Human Rights, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 29 June 2008, dead,www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/humanrights/," title="web.archive.org/web/20070629201201www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/humanrights/,">web.archive.org/web/20070629201201www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/humanrights/, 29 June 2007, and against military operations conducted by the United States and other countries in Afghanistan and Iraq.WEB,greens.org.nz/campaigns/peace/, NZ Greens: Campaigns: JustPeace, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 29 June 2008, dead,www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peace/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080704071431www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peace/,">web.archive.org/web/20080704071431www.greens.org.nz/campaigns/peace/, 4 July 2008, The party has also expressed sympathy for the Palestinians and criticised the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories.WEB, Ghahraman, Golriz, Green Party condemn violent displacement of Palestinians,www.greens.org.nz/green_party_condemn_violent_displacement_of_palestinians, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 26 January 2024,web.archive.org/web/20231003081323/https://www.greens.org.nz/green_party_condemn_violent_displacement_of_palestinians, 3 October 2023, 13 May 2021, live, WEB, Ghahraman, Golriz, Green Party statement on the violence in Israel and Gaza,www.greens.org.nz/green_party_statement_on_the_violence_in_israel_and_gaza, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 26 January 2024,web.archive.org/web/20240118100916/https://www.greens.org.nz/green_party_statement_on_the_violence_in_israel_and_gaza, 18 January 2024, 17 October 2023, live, The party is also known for its advocacy on numerous social issues, such as the legalisation of marriage equality,WEB, Green Party supports Marriage Equality,www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA1207/S00360/green-party-supports-marriage-equality.htm, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, scoop.co.nz, 18 March 2021, the right to seek asylum and increasing the refugee quota,WEB, Shaw, James, Greens would double refugee quota as priority,www.greens.org.nz/greens-would-double-refugee-quota-priority, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 18 March 2021, en, 30 January 2017, and gender equality.NEWS, Equality for women,www.greens.org.nz/equality_for_women, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 18 March 2021, en, 2020, The party accepts Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Māori language version of the treaty) as the founding document of New Zealand and recognises Māori as .WEB,www.greens.org.nz/charter, The Green Charter, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, en, 4 February 2017, In its economic policies, the Green Party stresses factors such as sustainability, taxing the indirect costs of pollution, and fair trade. It also states that measuring economic success should concentrate on measuring well-being rather than analysing economic indicators.WEB,greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR3136.html, Greens Call For Dinosaur GDP To Go, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 27 March 2000, 29 June 2008, dead,greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR3136.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20061015141001greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR3136.html,">web.archive.org/web/20061015141001greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR3136.html, 15 October 2006, The party wants the eventual introduction of a universal basic income.WEB, Income Support Policy,www.greens.org.nz/income_support_policy, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 7 August 2020, en, The party has previously campaigned on legalising cannabisWEB,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/87388713/legal-cannabis-in-nz-green-party-offers-green-light-to-pot-smokers, Legal cannabis in NZ? Green Party offers green light to pot smokers, Stuff, 8 December 2016, Stuff NZ, 1 September 2017, Under [the party’s] proposal, people would be able to legally grow and possess marijuana for personal use., and “remov[ing] penalties for any person with a terminal illness, chronic or debilitating condition to cultivate, possess or use cannabis and/or cannabis products for therapeutic purposes, with the support of a registered medical practitioner”.NEWS,www.greens.org.nz/page/drug-law-reform-policy, Drug Law Reform Policy, 12 April 2016, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 1 September 2017, en, 20 December 2016,web.archive.org/web/20161220205927/https://www.greens.org.nz/page/drug-law-reform-policy, dead, In the 2017–2020 term of the Sixth Labour Government, medicinal cannabis was legalised,WEB, Misuse of Drugs (Medicinal Cannabis) Amendment Bill,www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_75877/misuse-of-drugs-medicinal-cannabis-amendment-bill, 30 December 2018, New Zealand Parliament, but legalisation of recreational cannabis use was rejected in a 2020 referendum.NEWS, 30 October 2020, Referendum preliminary results: Yes to euthanasia reform, no to cannabis, Radio NZ,www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/429495/referendum-preliminary-results-yes-to-euthanasia-reform-no-to-cannabis, 30 October 2020, The Greens rely heavily on the well-educated, urban demographic for their voter base. Green voters have various priorities but are likely to have a high regard for the environment and environmental issues. However, research indicates very few people, who vote Green, do so purely for environmental concerns.JOURNAL, Cowie, Lucy J., Greaves, Lara M., Sibley, Chris G., Identifying Distinct Subgroups of Green Voters: A Latent Profile Analysis of Crux Values Relating to Green Party Support, New Zealand Journal of Psychology, March 2015, 44, 1,www.psychology.org.nz/journal-archive/Article-51.pdf, 12 November 2022, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1179-7924,

History

Foundations

{{See also|Environmental movement in New Zealand}}File:Jeanette Fitzsimons.jpg|thumb|upright|Former Green Party co-leader Jeanette FitzsimonsJeanette FitzsimonsThe Green Party traces its origins to the Values Party,WEB,greens.org.nz/about/history.htm, Greens in Time and Space: The History of The Green Party 1972–1999, Christine Dann, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 29 June 2008, dead,www.greens.org.nz/about/history.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20081010175959www.greens.org.nz/about/history.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20081010175959www.greens.org.nz/about/history.htm, 10 October 2008, At the 1989 local-body elections multiple candidates stood for local government positions under the “Green” label. It saw the election of New Zealand’s first Green city councillor, Stephen Rainbow, in Wellington.NEWS, Shani, Naylor, Green’s a good colour for Steve Rainbow, The Evening Post (New Zealand), The Evening Post, 8 January 1990, He was joined the next year by councillor Merrin Downing, who left the Citizens’ Association to join the Greens.NEWS, Cr Downing drops Citizens for Greens, The Evening Post (New Zealand), The Evening Post, 5 October 1990, In May 1990, remnants of the Values Party merged with a number of other environmentalist organisations to form the modern Green Party.NEWS, Greens merge, Auckland Star, 28 May 1990, A3, This sparked a resurgence of support, with the new group winning 6.85% of the vote (but no seats) in the 1990 election.

The Alliance years

The following year, the Greens became co-founding members of the Alliance, a five-party grouping that also consisted of the Democrats, Liberals, Mana Motuhake and NewLabour Party.NEWS, Alliance born with eye on Tamaki win, Orsman, Bernard, The New Zealand Herald, 2 December 1991, 1, Immediately prior to this there had been limited co-operation between the parties running joint candidates in several local-body by-elections in Auckland. One candidate, Ruth Norman, was from the Greens and was elected to the Auckland Regional Council.NEWS, Voters go for new parties, The New Zealand Herald, 28 November 1991, 1, At the Alliance’s inaugural party conference in November 1992 party members elected Jeanette Fitzsimons from the Greens as a co-deputy leader of the Alliance.NEWS, Alliance gets three-way leadership, Laugesen, Ruth, The Dominion (Wellington), The Dominion, 16 November 1992, 2, The Greens contested the 1993 and 1996 elections as part of the Alliance. Membership of the Alliance was a controversial decision with a sizeable minority in the party remaining opposed to it. Consequently the party was plagued in the following few years by persistent calls for departure from the Alliance.NEWS, No plans for Greens to leave, The New Zealand Herald, 11 November 1993, 5, Over time the issue became a more divisive issue internally until eventually a splinter party (the Progressive Green Party) was set up by members who were unhappy at the direction of the Alliance, which they believed was too left-wing and too focused on social justice type issues, detracting focus from environmental issues.NEWS, Scherer, Karyn, Dissident Greens may form new party, The Evening Post (New Zealand), The Evening Post, 3 May 1994, NEWS, Edwards, Brent, Breakaway party no threat, says Alliance leader, The Evening Post (New Zealand), The Evening Post, 16 May 1994, Until the 1995 annual conference in Taupō, the Greens had no elected leaders. At that conference, Jeanette Fitzsimons was elected unopposed as female co-leader, and Rod Donald defeated Joel Cayford and Mike Smith in a three-way contest to become male co-leader.NEWS, The Evening Post (Wellington), The Evening Post, 2, Greens seek higher profile, 22 May 1995, After New Zealand adopted the mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system in 1996, the Alliance gained entry to Parliament, bringing three Green list MPs with them: Jeanette Fitzsimons, Rod Donald and Phillida Bunkle.NEWS, White, Mike, Are the Greens still scary? A political power comes of age,www.noted.co.nz/currently/currently-politics/are-the-greens-still-scary-a-political-power-comes-of-age, 10 August 2020, North & South (New Zealand magazine), North & South, 30 May 2017, en-NZ, In 1997, feeling that membership of the Alliance had subsumed their identity, the Greens took the decision to stand candidates independently of the Alliance at the next election. While most of the Green party members left the Alliance, some decided, instead, to leave the Green Party and stay in the Alliance (including Bunkle, who would later be appointed Minister of Customs in the Labour-Alliance coalition government). Conversely, some of the Alliance party members, who joined the Alliance via other parties, decided to leave the Alliance and join the Green Party, notably Sue Bradford and Keith Locke, who both joined the Alliance via NewLabour.BOOK, Vowels, Jack, Coffé, Hilde, Curtin, Jennifer, The 2014 New Zealand election in perspective, A Bark but No Bite, 2017, 1–24, ANU Press, j.ctt1vw0p68.7, 9781760461355,

Green Party in Parliament

File:RodDonaldGreenMP.jpg|upright|thumb|Former Green Party co-leader Rod DonaldRod Donald

1999 election

In the 1999 election, the Greens gained 5.16% of the vote and seven seats in Parliament. Fitzsimons also won the electorate seat of Coromandel. It is believed that this is the first time a Green candidate won a first-past-the-post parliamentary election.WEB,home.greens.org.nz/history-green-party#toc-the-1990s-and-the-first-green-party-campaign, The History of The Green Party, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 28 August 2015,web.archive.org/web/20180128024547/https://home.greens.org.nz/history-green-party#toc-the-1990s-and-the-first-green-party-campaign, 28 January 2018, dead, During the ten days it took to count special votes and confirm Fitzsimons’ election, Labour concluded a coalition agreement with the Alliance which excluded the Greens. However, the party supported the government on confidence and supply in return for some input into the budget and legislation. This led to the Greens gaining a $15 million energy efficiency and environmental package in the new government’s first budget.WEB,greens.org.nz/docs/press/000615budget01-leaders.htm, Green Budget Package far reaching, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 15 June 2000, 29 June 2008,www.greens.org.nz/docs/press/000615budget01-leaders.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120217220028www.greens.org.nz/docs/press/000615budget01-leaders.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120217220028www.greens.org.nz/docs/press/000615budget01-leaders.htm, 17 February 2012, dead, Over the term, the Greens developed a good working relationship with the government and also had some input into policy, notably Sue Bradford’s amendments to the Employment Relations Act 2000.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}

2002 election

In the 2002 election, the Greens polled 7.00%, increasing their strength in Parliament to nine seats, although they lost the Coromandel electorate.WEB, Official Count Results – Overall Status,www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2002/partystatus.html, Electoral Commission, 7 August 2013, WEB, Official Count Results – Coromandel,www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2002/electorate-9.html, Electoral Commission, 7 August 2013, The electoral campaign featured strong tensions between the Greens and Labour. The Greens sharply criticised Labour for its plans to allow a moratorium on genetic engineering to expire, and believing that Labour would require their support to form a government, intended to make the extension of this moratorium a non-negotiable part of any deal.BOOK, Boston, Jonathan, Church, Stephen, Levine, Stephen, New Zealand Votes: The General Election of 2002, 2003, Victoria University Press, 978-0-86473-468-6, 275,books.google.com/books?id=N-ql-Xs9hhkC, en, After the election, however, Labour and their coalition partner, the Jim Anderton-led Progressive Coalition, instead opted to rely on support from United Future, at that time a party with conservative Christian overtones.Although the Greens no longer had any input into the budget, they maintained a close working relationship with the government, and the Greens remained involved in the legislation process. Often the government needed to rely on Green votes in the House to pass progressive legislation not approved by United Future.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} The government won praise from political commentators for juggling the two diametrically-opposed parties.While the moratorium on genetic modification has now expired, the Greens remain heavily involved in attempts to prevent any GM releases under the new regulatory framework, and genetic engineering remains a major topic for the party.WEB, Manhire, Toby, 29 October 2019, Young scientists call on Greens to rethink GM stance in the cause of the climate,thespinoff.co.nz/politics/29-10-2019/young-scientists-call-on-greens-to-rethink-gm-stance-in-the-cause-of-the-climate/, 1 November 2020, The Spinoff, WEB, 28 October 2019, Time to break the stigma on genetic modification, for the sake of the climate,www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/116912619/time-to-break-the-stigma-on-genetic-modification-for-the-sake-of-the-climate, 1 November 2020, Stuff, en,

2005 election

In the 2005 election, the Greens won 5.30%, returning six of their MPs to Parliament. Despite expressing clear support for a Labour-led government during the campaign,WEB,home.nzcity.co.nz/news/article.aspx?id=54847&cat=975, Greens talk about coalition options, NZCity, 12 September 2005, 28 June 2008, WEB,www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10339337, Interview: Jeanette Fitzsimons, Green Party co-leader, The New Zealand Herald, 6 August 2005, 28 June 2008, they were excluded from the resulting coalition, due to a refusal by United Future and NZ First to work with the Greens in cabinet.NEWS, Thomson, Ainsley, 19 September 2005, United’s ‘Mr Reasonable’ makes withering attack on Green Party, The New Zealand Herald,www.nzherald.co.nz/election-2005/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500891&objectid=10346236, 30 October 2011, They were, however, able to negotiate a cooperation agreement which saw limited input into the budget and broad consultation on policy.WEB,www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/all/files/Green.pdf, Labour led Government Co-operation Agreement with the Green Party, 17 October 2005, 28 June 2008, Both co-leaders were appointed as government spokespeople outside cabinet, with Fitzsimons responsible for Energy Efficiency, and Donald responsible for the Buy Kiwi Made campaign. However, Rod Donald died the day before Parliament was due to sit and the position of government spokesperson on Buy Kiwi Made was filled by Sue Bradford.WEB,www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&ObjectID=10353831, Greens co-leader dies, The New Zealand Herald, 6 November 2006, 28 June 2008, Nándor Tánczos took up the vacant list positionWEB,www.elections.org.nz/news/ceo-media-green-141105.html, New list MP for Green Party, New Zealand Electoral Commission, 14 November 2005, 28 June 2008,www.elections.org.nz/news/ceo-media-green-141105.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20061002114722www.elections.org.nz/news/ceo-media-green-141105.html,">web.archive.org/web/20061002114722www.elections.org.nz/news/ceo-media-green-141105.html, 2 October 2006, dead, and the co-leader position remained vacant until a new co-leader, Russel Norman was elected at their 2006 annual general meeting. The other contenders for the position were Nándor Tánczos, David Clendon and former MP Mike Ward.WEB,www.greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR9864.html, Green Co-Leader announced, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 3 June 2006, 28 June 2008, dead,greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR9864.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20081123060613greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR9864.html,">web.archive.org/web/20081123060613greens.org.nz/searchdocs/PR9864.html, 23 November 2008, Bradford also introduced, in 2005, the members’ bill that would become the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007. The bill sought to outlaw the legal defence of “reasonable force” for parents prosecuted for assault against children. It led to widespread debate and accusations that MPs supporting the bill were fostering a ‘nanny state’ approach. Despite this, the Bill became law after it passed its third reading on 16 May 2007 with an overwhelming majority of 113 votes for and 7 votes against.NEWS, Anti-smacking bill becomes law, NZPA, 16 May 2007,www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10440080, 16 May 2007,

2008 election

In the 2008 election, the Greens increased their share of the vote to 6.72%, enough for 9 MPs, even though there was a swing throughout the country to the National Party. This initially gave the Greens two extra MPs, but counting the special votes brought in a third.WEB,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10544503, Special votes see Greens gain seat, Nats lose, 22 November 2008, The New Zealand Herald, 22 November 2008, They became the third largest parliamentary party in New Zealand, and signed a memorandum of understanding with the governing National Party.Metiria Turei was elected at the 2009 annual general meeting after former female co-leader Jeanette Fitzsimons stood down as an MP in February 2009.WEB, Fitzsimons to Pass Co-leadership Torch in June,home.greens.org.nz/press-releases/fitzsimons-pass-co-leadership-torch-june, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 4 October 2017,web.archive.org/web/20171004085421/https://home.greens.org.nz/press-releases/fitzsimons-pass-co-leadership-torch-june, 4 October 2017, dead, WEB, Turei picked as new Greens co-leader,tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/turei-picked-new-greens-co-leader-2763231, TVNZ, Newstalk ZB/1 News, 5 October 2012, 2009,tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/turei-picked-new-greens-co-leader-2763231," title="web.archive.org/web/20090531072801tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/turei-picked-new-greens-co-leader-2763231,">web.archive.org/web/20090531072801tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/turei-picked-new-greens-co-leader-2763231, 31 May 2009, en-NZ,

2011 election

In the 2011 election, the Green Party received nearly a quarter of a million party votes (247,372), equating to 11.06% of the total valid party votes nationwide, earning them 14 seats in the 50th Parliament. Preliminary results on election night showed them with 10.6% of the vote, equivalent to 13 seats, but special votes increased their support enough to gain an extra seat.NEWS, First deaf MP to join Parliament,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10772275, 10 December 2011, The New Zealand Herald, 10 December 2011, They remained the third largest parliamentary party in New Zealand.WEB,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/election-results/official-count, Official Count, 26 November 2011, Stuff, 26 November 2011,

2014 election

In the 2014 general election, the Green Party’s share of the party vote fell slightly to 10.70%. Despite this, they retained all of their 14 seats and remained the third largest party in Parliament.James Shaw was elected at the party’s 2015 annual general meeting over fellow MPs Gareth Hughes and Kevin Hague, and party member Vernon Tava. He succeeded Russel Norman, who resigned in November 2015 to work as Executive Director of Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand.NEWS,www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/288456/goodbye-greens,-hello-greenpeace, Russel Norman quits Greens for Greenpeace, Radio New Zealand, 31 October 2015, 7 November 2015, Edwards, Brent,

2017 election

In their 2017 election campaign launch on 9 July 2017, the Green Party proposed charging bottling companies a ten percent tax for exporting water, with the revenue being split between local councils and Māori tribes or iwi. They also announced that they would ban new resource consents for bottling companies until the establishment of a new comprehensive commercial water pricing scheme.NEWS, Heron, Mei, Green Party proposes tighter rules for water sales,www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/334762/green-party-proposes-tighter-rules-for-water-sales, 12 October 2017, Radio New Zealand, 9 July 2017, In July 2017, co-leader Metiria Turei criticised the populist New Zealand First party and its leader Winston Peters for alleged racism, particularly towards immigration.NEWS, Trevett, Claire, Green Party’s Metiria Turei ‘racist’ call riles NZ First’s Winston Peters,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11888053, 11 October 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 9 July 2017, List MP Barry Coates penned an article in the left-wing “The Daily Blog” claiming that the Greens would call a snap election rather than be excluded from a prospective Labour and New Zealand First coalition government.WEB, Coates, Barry, Great Together,thedailyblog.co.nz/2017/07/11/great-together/, The Daily Blog, 11 July 2017, 11 October 2017, Turei and Coates’ comments were fiercely criticised by both Peters and New Zealand First MP Tracey Martin, who warned that this would affect post-election negotiations between the two parties. Fellow co-leader Shaw later clarified that Coates’ remarks did not represent Green Party policy.NEWS, Green MP’s comments on NZ First the ‘height of stupidity’ – Winston Peters,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11889937, 11 October 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 13 July 2017, NEWS, Lynch, Jenna, Green MP threatens new election if Labour goes with NZ First,www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2017/07/green-mp-threatens-new-election-if-labour-goes-with-nz-first.html, 11 October 2017, Newshub, 13 July 2017, On 16 July, in order to raise awareness of the inadequacies of the welfare system, Turei disclosed that she had committed benefit fraud in the past.WEB, Green Party, Mending the Safety Net – Metiria Turei’s speech to the Green Party 2017 AGM,www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA1707/S00237/speech-turei-mending-the-safety-net.htm, Scoop, Scoop Media, 1 September 2018, Turei also advocated for raising the domestic purposes benefit for families during the Green Party’s electoral campaign. Her disclosure generated considerable interest from the media, politicians, and the New Zealand blogosphere.NEWS, Kirk, Stacey, Benefit raise, tax cuts for poorest and hikes for wealthy in new Greens policy,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/94777073/benefit-raise-tax-cuts-for-poorest-and-hikes-for-wealthy-in-news-greens-policy, 26 July 2017, Stuff.co.nz, 16 July 2017, NEWS, ‘We can never condone breaking the rules’ – Andrew Little won’t support Metiria Turei’s stance of not condemning benefit fraudsters,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/we-can-never-condone-breaking-rules-andrew-little-wont-support-metiria-tureis-stance-not-condemning-benefit-fraudsters, 26 July 2017, 1 News, 26 July 2017, NEWS, Soper, Barry, Metiria Turei vs Barry Soper: Listen to heated debate,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11895020, 26 July 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 25 July 2017, NEWS, Gower, Patrick, Patrick Gower: Metiria Turei’s political fraud is ripping off the New Zealand public,www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/07/patrick-gower-metiria-turei-s-political-fraud-is-ripping-off-the-new-zealand-public.html, 26 July 2017, Newshub, 26 July 2017, WEB, Trotter, Chris, Sins Of Admission – critiquing John Armstrong’s attack on Metiria,thedailyblog.co.nz/2017/07/22/sins-of-admission-critiquing-john-armstrongs-attack-on-metiria/, The Daily Blog, 22 July 2017, 26 July 2017, WEB, Bradbury, Martyn, The importance of what Metiria has done and why we should all support her,thedailyblog.co.nz/2017/07/26/the-importance-of-what-metiria-has-done-and-why-we-should-all-support-her/, The Daily Blog, 26 July 2017, 26 July 2017, On 7 August, Green MPs Kennedy Graham and party whip David Clendon resigned as Green Party candidates due to their disagreement with Turei’s actions and handling of the situation. They formally resigned from the Green Party’s parliamentary caucus the following day after the party made moves to remove them “involuntarily.“WEB WEB via=Scoop (website), Scoop.co.nz, On 9 August, Turei resigned as co-leader and as a list candidate, stating that the media scrutiny on her family had become unbearable. James Shaw remained the Green Party’s sole leader for the 2017 election.NEWS,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11901089, Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei resigns, Davison, Isaac, 9 August 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 9 August 2017, WEB,www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/336833/green-party-co-leader-metiria-turei-resigns, Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei resigns, 12 August 2017, 9 August 2017, Radio New Zealand, Clendon stated that he would not be returning to the Green Party list despite Turei’s resignation. Graham sought to return to the party list, but this was declined on 12 August by the Green Party Executive. Leader James Shaw indicated that there was considerable animosity within the party towards Clendon and Graham for their actions.NEWS, David Clendon not planning return to Green Party list,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/david-clendon-not-planning-return-green-party-list, 12 August 2017, TVNZ, 10 August 2017, NEWS, Kennedy Graham denied Green candidacy,www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/337030/kennedy-graham-denied-greens-candidacy, 12 August 2017, Radio New Zealand, 12 August 2017, On 17 August, it was reported that the Green Party had fallen by 11 points to 4 percent in the 1 News–Colmar Brunton Poll, below the 5 percent threshold needed to enter Parliament under New Zealand’s mixed-member proportional system. The party’s sharp drop in the opinion poll was attributed to negative publicity around the Green Party’s infighting and the ascension of Jacinda Ardern as leader of the centre-left Labour Party, the Greens’ nominal ally.NEWS, Small, Vernon, Green Party out of Parliament, Labour surges in new poll,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/95896855/green-party-out-of-parliament-labour-surges-in-new-poll, 19 August 2017, Stuff (website), Stuff, 17 August 2017, NEWS, Greens could be out of Parliament, poll reveals,www.newshub.co.nz/home/election/2017/08/greens-could-be-out-of-parliament-poll-reveals.html, 19 August 2017, Newshub, 17 August 2017, By contrast, the Roy Morgan opinion poll placed public support for the Green Party at 9 percent.NEWS, Keall, Chris, Roy Morgan poll better news for Greens,www.nbr.co.nz/article/roy-morgan-poll-better-news-greens-ck-206672, 19 August 2017, National Business Review, 19 August 2017, The 2017 general election returned eight list MPs, with 6.3% of the party vote.WEB, 2017 General Election – Official Result,www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2017/, 7 October 2017, Electoral Commission (New Zealand), New Zealand Electoral Commission, The Green parliamentary caucus’ newest members were Chlöe Swarbrick, who became the youngest member of the House, and Golriz Ghahraman, the first refugee member of the House.NEWS, Flahive, Brad, Chloe Swarbrick set to become New Zealand’s youngest MP in 42 years,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/97175081/new-zealands-youngest-mp-in-42-years, 28 September 2017, Stuff.co.nz, 24 September 2017, NEWS, Meet Golriz Ghahraman, the Green Party’s newest Member of Parliament,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11898165, 7 October 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 7 October 2017, Following the election results, Party Leader Shaw stated that the Greens would not be seeking a coalition with the National Party. He added that the party was pursuing a coalition rather than a support agreement with the Labour and socially-conservative New Zealand First parties.NEWS, Davison, Isaac, Green Party leader James Shaw rules out contacting National,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11925905, 28 September 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 24 September 2017, On 9 October, the Greens leader Shaw took part in negotiations with the Labour Party.NEWS, ‘I know it’s frustrating’- James Shaw leaves media without answers following Labour talks,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/know-its-frustrating-james-shaw-leaves-media-without-answers-following-labour-talks, 12 October 2017, 1 News, 9 October 2017, During the coalition-forming negotiations, NZ First leader Peters turned down Shaw’s invitation for the two parties to negotiate directly on the grounds that the Greens and Labour had campaigned together under a memorandum of understanding during the 2017 election.NEWS, Chang, Derek, Winston Peters dismisses idea of meeting with Greens,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11931588, 12 October 2017, 10 October 2017, NEWS, Rub of the Greens: Winston Peters heaps scorn on Labour’s partner,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11931941, 11 October 2017, The New Zealand Herald, 11 October 2017,

First term in Government, 2017–2020

In October 2017, the Greens entered a confidence and supply arrangement with the Labour Party which gave them three ministers outside cabinet and one under-secretary role.NEWS, Phipps, Claire, Jacinda Ardern is next prime minister of New Zealand, Winston Peters confirms – as it happened,www.theguardian.com/world/live/2017/oct/19/new-zealand-election-winston-peters-prime-minister-bill-english-jacinda-ardern-live?page=with:block-59e85c48389e4906e8cf9587#block-59e85c48389e4906e8cf9587, 1 September 2020, The Guardian, 19 October 2017,web.archive.org/web/20200901100442/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2017/oct/19/new-zealand-election-winston-peters-prime-minister-bill-english-jacinda-ardern-live?page=with%3Ablock-59e85c48389e4906e8cf9587%23block-59e85c48389e4906e8cf9587, 1 September 2020, live, This marked the first time the Greens had been in government.NEWS, Roy, Eleanor Ainge, Jacinda Ardern to be New Zealand’s next PM after Labour coalition deal,www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-prime-minister-labour-coalition-deal-winston-peters, The Guardian, 20 October 2017, live,web.archive.org/web/20200812172425/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-prime-minister-labour-coalition-deal-winston-peters, 12 August 2020, Party leader James Shaw was appointed Minister for Climate Change and Statistics and Associate Minister of Finance. Julie Anne Genter was made Minister for Women and Associate Minister of Health and Transport. Eugenie Sage was made Minister of Conservation and Land Information and Associate Minister for the Environment. Jan Logie was appointed Parliamentary Undersecretary to the Minister of Justice with a focus on domestic and sexual violence issues.WEB, Ministerial List,www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-business-units/cabinet-office/ministers-and-their-portfolios/ministerial-list, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (New Zealand), Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 26 October 2017, live,web.archive.org/web/20171129201736/https://dpmc.govt.nz/our-business-units/cabinet-office/ministers-and-their-portfolios/ministerial-list, 29 November 2017, As a support partner of the Labour-New Zealand First coalition government, the Greens secured several policies and concessions including a proposed Zero Carbon Act, a referendum on legalising personal cannabis use by 2020, establishing a proposed Climate Commission, a proposed Green Transport Card to reduce public transportation costs, investing in rail and cycle infrastructure, light rail construction to Auckland Airport, increasing the Department of Conservation’s funding, eliminating “excessive” benefit sanctions and the gender pay gap, a rent-to-own-scheme as part of KiwiBuild, and re-establishing the Mental Health Commission.NEWS, NZ First, Green Party, Labour coalition deals revealed,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98170259/nz-prime-minister-elect-jacinda-ardern-reveals-cost-of-coalition, 4 November 2017, Stuff (website), Stuff, 24 October 2017, live,web.archive.org/web/20200809043742/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/98170259/nz-prime-minister-elect-jacinda-ardern-reveals-cost-of-coalition, 9 August 2020, In 2019, a number of Trans members resigned after a Green Party magazine published an article from a member concerned about the growing divide between women in the party and LGBTQIA+ members.NEWS,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/greens-members-leave-after-transphobic-article-in-magazine/IANJW2LKDP5K6JMHCN64JXGAAI/, Greens members leave after ‘transphobic’ article in magazine, New Zealand Herald, Boris, Jancic, 3 September 2019, In late August 2020, Shaw was criticised by members of the Green Party, the opposition National Party, school principals and teachers unions for allocating, in his role as Associate Minister of Finance, NZ$11.7 million from the Government’s $3 billion COVID-19 “shovel-ready” recovery fund to the private “Green School New Zealand” in Taranaki. This funding boost contradicted the party’s own policy of opposing giving government funds to private schools. Shaw had lobbied for the inclusion of the school in the “shovel-ready” fund, claiming that it would have boosted the local economy and created jobs. Former Green MPs Catherine Delahunty, Mojo Mathers and Sue Bradford denounced Shaw’s decision as a betrayal of the Green Party’s policies and principles.NEWS, McCulloch, Craig, Critics pile on Green private school funding boost,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/424605/critics-pile-on-green-private-school-funding-boost, 27 August 2020, Radio New Zealand, 27 August 2020, live,web.archive.org/web/20200827121626/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/424605/critics-pile-on-green-private-school-funding-boost, 27 August 2020, NEWS, Coughlan, Thomas, Greens caught bending party policy to grant $11.7m to private school in Taranaki,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300092266/greens-caught-bending-party-policy-to-grant-117m-to-private-school-in-taranaki, 27 August 2020, Stuff (website), Stuff, 27 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200827121829/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300092266/greens-caught-bending-party-policy-to-grant-117m-to-private-school-in-taranaki, 27 August 2020, live, NEWS, Collins, Benedict, Widespread dismay at Government funding for elite Green School,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/widespread-dismay-government-funding-elite-green-school, 27 August 2020, 1 News, 27 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200827122122/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/widespread-dismay-government-funding-elite-green-school, 27 August 2020, live, NEWS, Green co-leader James Shaw refused to sign-off on $3bn of infrastructure projects unless Green School was included,www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/09/green-co-leader-james-shaw-refused-to-sign-off-on-3bn-of-infrastructure-projects-unless-green-school-was-included.html, 1 September 2020, Newshub, 1 September 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200901094928/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/09/green-co-leader-james-shaw-refused-to-sign-off-on-3bn-of-infrastructure-projects-unless-green-school-was-included.html, 1 September 2020, live, Shaw subsequently apologised to Green MPs during a Zoom call, describing his action as an “error of judgment.“NEWS, Green Party co-leader James Shaw apologises for ‘error of judgement’ over Green School funding,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/424944/green-party-co-leader-james-shaw-apologises-for-error-of-judgement-over-green-school-funding, 1 September 2020, Radio New Zealand, 1 September 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200901040530/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/424944/green-party-co-leader-james-shaw-apologises-for-error-of-judgement-over-green-school-funding, 1 September 2020, live, NEWS, Coughlan, Thomas, James Shaw calls Green School funding ‘an error of judgment’ as he searches for a solution,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300096758/james-shaw-calls-green-school-funding-an-error-of-judgment-as-he-searches-for-a-solution, 1 September 2020, Stuff (website), Stuff, 1 September 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200901040810/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300096758/james-shaw-calls-green-school-funding-an-error-of-judgment-as-he-searches-for-a-solution, 1 September 2020, live, On 2 November, it was reported that the Government had reached an agreement with the school’s owners, Michael and Rachel Perrett, for the NZ$11.7 million grant to be converted into a loan; a development that was welcomed by local principals.NEWS, Coster, Deena, Harvey, Helen, Taranaki principals happy Green School funding will be 100 per cent loan,www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/123266353/taranaki-principals-happy-green-school-funding-will-be-100-per-cent-loan, 2 November 2020, Taranaki Daily News, Stuff (website), Stuff,web.archive.org/web/20201102233536/https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/123266353/taranaki-principals-happy-green-school-funding-will-be-100-per-cent-loan, 2 November 2020, live, NEWS, Green school’s $11.7 million grant now a 100 per cent Government loan,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/green-schools-11-7-million-grant-now-100-per-cent-government-loan, 2 November 2020, 1 News, 2 November 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201102233709/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/green-schools-11-7-million-grant-now-100-per-cent-government-loan, 2 November 2020, live,

2020 election

File:The caucus of the Green Party of Aotearoa, New Zealand, 53rd Parliament.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The Green Party caucuscaucusDuring the 2020 New Zealand general election held on 17 October, the Greens returned to Parliament with 7.9 percent of the popular vote, giving them ten seats. In addition, Green MP Chlöe Swarbrick won the Auckland Central electorate seat by 1,068 votes.NEWS, Taylor, Phil, ‘We made history’: New Zealand Greens on the rise after voters return to the fold,www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/18/greens-in-party-mode-after-strong-showing-in-new-zealand-election, 19 October 2020, The Guardian, 18 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201019023222/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/18/greens-in-party-mode-after-strong-showing-in-new-zealand-election, 19 October 2020, live, NEWS, Coughlan, Thomas, Election 2020: Coming-of-age moment as Greens make MMP history,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300131377/election-2020-comingofage-moment-as-greens-make-mmp-history, 19 October 2020, Stuff (website), Stuff, 18 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201019043415/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300131377/election-2020-comingofage-moment-as-greens-make-mmp-history, 19 October 2020, live, WEB, 6 November 2020, 2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result,electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/, 6 November 2020, Electoral Commission, {{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}WEB, Auckland Central – Official Result,electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/electorate-details-01.html, 6 November 2020, Electoral Commission, Despite the Labour Party winning a parliamentary majority and not needing to form a coalition agreement with other parties, Labour and the Green parties undertook a series of discussions about areas of cooperation.NEWS, ‘Krispies on the table’ – Green Party co-leader describes ‘fruitful’ discussion with Labour, en-NZ, TVNZ,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/krispies-table-green-party-co-leader-describes-fruitful-discussion-labour, 31 October 2020, Green co-leader James Shaw had indicated that the Greens would be open to negotiating with Labour about its wealth tax policy as part of coalition negotiations.NEWS, Greens don’t rule out bringing wealth tax policy to negotiation table in potential coalition with Labour,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/greens-dont-rule-bringing-wealth-tax-policy-negotiation-table-in-potential-coalition-labour, 20 October 2020, 1 News, 18 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201020120004/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/greens-dont-rule-bringing-wealth-tax-policy-negotiation-table-in-potential-coalition-labour, 20 October 2020, live, Earlier, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern had ruled out supporting the Green’s wealth tax policy during campaigning.NEWS, Trevett, Claire, Election 2020: Jacinda Ardern rules out wealth tax while Prime Minister,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/election-2020-jacinda-ardern-rules-out-wealth-tax-while-prime-minister/72EAXTY2JKP4K4X6MEPAGHPSDM/, 20 October 2020, The New Zealand Herald, 14 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201015163405/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/election-2020-jacinda-ardern-rules-out-wealth-tax-while-prime-minister/72EAXTY2JKP4K4X6MEPAGHPSDM/, 15 October 2020, live, On 20 October, Newshub reported that Ardern was not seeking a formal coalition between Labour and the Green Party but was exploring a lower-level support arrangement.NEWS, O’Brien, Tova, Labour will not be forming a formal coalition with the Greens,www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/10/labour-will-not-be-forming-a-formal-coalition-with-the-greens.html, 20 October 2020, Newshub, 20 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201020062820/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/10/labour-will-not-be-forming-a-formal-coalition-with-the-greens.html, 20 October 2020, live,

Second term in Government, 2020–2023

Following prolonged negotiations between the Green and Labour parties’ leaderships, the Green Party accepted a deal on 31 October under which their co-leaders James Shaw and Marama Davidson would become ministers outside the Cabinet. Under this cooperation agreement, Shaw would remain Minister for Climate Change and become an associate minister for the environment (with responsibility for biodiversity) while Davidson would take the new role of Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence and become an associate minister of housing (with responsibility for homelessness). In addition, Green MPs would fill one chair and one deputy chair role on two select committees. Stuff reported that these would likely be held by former ministers Eugenie Sage and Julie Anne Genter on the Environment Committee and Transport Committee, respectively.NEWS, 31 October 2020, Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300146558/election-2020-green-party-votes-to-be-part-of-next-government-with-labour, 31 October 2020, Stuff, en,web.archive.org/web/20201102070727/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300146558/election-2020-green-party-votes-to-be-part-of-next-government-with-labour, 2 November 2020, live, During a Zoom call, 85% of the 150 Green Party delegates voted to accept this cooperation agreement with Labour.NEWS, Coughlan, Thomas, Cooke, Henry, Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300146558/election-2020-green-party-votes-to-be-part-of-next-government-with-labour?cid=app-iPhone, 31 October 2020, Stuff (website), Stuff, 31 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201031095900/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300146558/election-2020-green-party-votes-to-be-part-of-next-government-with-labour?cid=app-iPhone, 31 October 2020, live, NEWS, Greens accept Labour’s offer for ‘cooperation agreement’,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/429559/greens-accept-labour-s-offer-for-cooperation-agreement, 31 October 2020, Radio New Zealand, 31 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201031101638/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/429559/greens-accept-labour-s-offer-for-cooperation-agreement, 31 October 2020, live, The agreement was described by Ardern as “honouring the mandate provided to Labour to form a majority Government in our own right” while ensuring the Government “govern[s] for all New Zealanders and to reach as wide a consensus on key issues as possible.“NEWS, Jacinda Ardern on giving Greens post-election deal despite Labour majority: ‘I wanted to govern for all New Zealanders’, en, Newshub,www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/10/jacinda-ardern-on-giving-greens-post-election-deal-despite-labour-majority-i-wanted-to-govern-for-all-new-zealanders.html, 31 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201102071117/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2020/10/jacinda-ardern-on-giving-greens-post-election-deal-despite-labour-majority-i-wanted-to-govern-for-all-new-zealanders.html, 2 November 2020, Several former Green MPs, including former co-leader Russel Norman, Sue Bradford, and Catherine Delahunty, criticised the cooperation agreement for giving the Greens a weak position to influence the policy process within the newly formed Labour Government.NEWS, Former Greens MPs express disappointment about party’s deal with Labour,www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/former-greens-mps-including-co-leader-express-disappointment-partys-deal-labour, 2 November 2020, 1 News, 1 November 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201102071447/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/former-greens-mps-including-co-leader-express-disappointment-partys-deal-labour, 2 November 2020, live, On 19 May, Ghahraman sponsored a motion on behalf of the Green Party calling for Members of Parliament to recognise the right of Palestinians to self-determination and statehood. The motion was supported by the Greens and the Māori Party but was opposed by the centre-right National and ACT parties. The governing Labour Party also declined to support the Greens’ motion, with the Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard criticising Ghahraman for sponsoring the motion despite knowing that it was going to be voted down.NEWS, Green Party motion to call for recognition of Palestine’s right to self-determination,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/442887/green-party-motion-to-call-for-recognition-of-palestine-s-right-to-self-determination, 21 May 2021, Radio New Zealand, 19 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210520003402/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/442887/green-party-motion-to-call-for-recognition-of-palestine-s-right-to-self-determination, 20 May 2021, live, NEWS, Manch, Thomas, Green Party’s motion to declare Palestine a state fails in Parliament,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/125175638/green-partys-motion-to-declare-palestine-a-state-fails-in-parliament, 21 May 2021, Stuff (website), Stuff, 19 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210520053549/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/125175638/green-partys-motion-to-declare-palestine-a-state-fails-in-parliament, 20 May 2021, live, In June 2021, it was revealed the Green Party had received $54,000 in donations from Lindsay Fraser, whom the Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RNZSPCA) has called the worst animal abuser in New Zealand history.NEWS,www.newsroom.co.nz/greens-wont-be-returning-54k-donations-from-animal-abuser, Greens won’t be returning $54k donations from animal abuser, Newsroom, Pete, McKenzie, 8 June 2021, In July 2021, Shaw’s co-leadership of the Greens was challenged by Dunedin climate activist and software developer James Cockle, who expressed dissatisfaction that the Greens were being seen as “Labour’s little helper.“NEWS, Katie, Scotcher,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/446311/green-party-leadership-challenge-james-shaw-vs-james-cockle, Green Party leadership challenge: James Shaw vs James Cockle, Radio New Zealand, 6 July 2021, 8 August 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210808023751/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/446311/green-party-leadership-challenge-james-shaw-vs-james-cockle, 8 August 2021, live, During a vote at the party’s annual general meeting in August 2021, Shaw was overwhelmingly re-elected, winning 116 delegate votes with just four to Cockle.NEWS,www.stuff.co.nz/national/300377436/greens-coleader-james-shaw-easily-beats-off-challenge, Greens co-leader James Shaw easily beats off challenge, Stuff (website), Stuff, 7 August 2021, 8 August 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210808023744/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300377436/greens-coleader-james-shaw-easily-beats-off-challenge, 8 August 2021, live, In January 2022, Radio New Zealand reported that several Green Party executive and policy branch members had resigned from the Party citing disagreement with the Green Party leadership’s cooperation agreement with the governing Labour Party, taking issue with what they regarded as the Greens’ perceived limited ability to hold the Government to account on policy differences. These former members also alleged Shaw was practising an autocratic leadership style and that the party executive was not holding the parliamentary caucus and leadership to account over policy decisions in government. In addition, several former Green leaders and MPs, including Bradford, Delahunty, and Norman, criticised the party’s limited position within the Labour Government, the Government’s alleged pro-business policies, and climate change position. In response to criticism, co-leaders Shaw and Davidson claimed that the party was democratic and making “progressive changes” in government.NEWS, Hall, Michael, Green Party discontent: Members walk, ex-MPs criticise leadership,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/459250/green-party-discontent-members-walk-ex-mps-criticise-leadership, 28 January 2022, Radio New Zealand, 9 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220109172648/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/459250/green-party-discontent-members-walk-ex-mps-criticise-leadership, 9 January 2022, live, In early May 2022, the Green Party scrapped its male co-leadership requirement during a weekend special meeting to amend its constitution. Under these changes, the two new co-leaders now need to consist of one woman and one person of any gender (with leadership pathways for non-binary and intersex individuals). In addition, at least one of the future co-leaders is required to be of Māori descent.NEWS, Neilson, Michael, Greens ditch male co-leader rule and add Māori requirement,www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/politics/green-party-scraps-male-co-leader-requirement-adds-maori-as-part-of-te-tiriti-o-waitangi-commitment/, 3 May 2022, Newstalk ZB, NZME, 3 May 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220502225043/https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/politics/green-party-scraps-male-co-leader-requirement-adds-maori-as-part-of-te-tiriti-o-waitangi-commitment/, 2 May 2022, live, On 23 July, an annual general meeting was held online to decide on the party’s leadership. While Davidson was re-elected unopposed, 32 of the 107 delegates voted to reopen nominations for Shaw’s position, meeting the 25% threshold needed to remove him as co-leader and trigger a leadership election under the party’s rules.NEWS, Tracy, Watkins, Jono, Galuszka,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300644340/surprised-james-shaw-not-reconfirmed-as-green-party-coleader-nominations-to-be-reopened, Surprised James Shaw not reconfirmed as Green Party co-leader, nominations to be reopened, Stuff (website), Stuff, 23 July 2022, 23 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220725230027/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300644340/surprised-james-shaw-not-reconfirmed-as-green-party-coleader-nominations-to-be-reopened, 25 July 2022, live, NEWS, Craig, McCulloch,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471489/green-party-s-james-shaw-to-face-leadership-challenge, Green Party’s James Shaw to face leadership challenge, Radio New Zealand, 23 July 2022, 24 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220725230026/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471489/green-party-s-james-shaw-to-face-leadership-challenge, 25 July 2022, live, Shaw was criticised by elements within the party including party member Travis Mischewski and former Green MP Delahunty for his perceived “moderate leadership” and inability to effect change within the Labour Government and tackle climate change.NEWS, Sherman, Mika, Green leadership challenge – Shaw opponent speaks out,www.1news.co.nz/2022/07/24/green-leadership-challenge-shaw-opponent-speaks-out/, 26 July 2022, 1 News, TVNZ, 24 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220726105124/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/07/24/green-leadership-challenge-shaw-opponent-speaks-out/, 26 July 2022, live, NEWS, Malpass, Luke, Green party leadership and James Shaw: what you need to know,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/129367235/green-party-leadership-and-james-shaw-what-you-need-to-know, 26 July 2022, Stuff (website), Stuff, 24 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220726105300/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/129367235/green-party-leadership-and-james-shaw-what-you-need-to-know, 26 July 2022, live, On 25 July, Shaw confirmed that that he would contest the co-leadership election.NEWS, Luke, Malpass, Thomas, Manch,www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300645122/james-shaw-confirms-he-will-recontest-greens-coleadership, James Shaw confirms he will recontest Greens co-leadership, Stuff (website), Stuff, 25 July 2022, 25 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220726103952/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300645122/james-shaw-vows-to-redouble-efforts-as-he-bids-again-for-green-party-coleadership, 26 July 2022, live, That same day, fellow MPs Chlöe Swarbrick and Elizabeth Kerekere confirmed that they would not be contesting the co-leadership position.NEWS, 25 July 2022, Chloe Swarbrick rules out bid to be Greens co-leader,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471587/chloe-swarbrick-rules-out-bid-to-be-greens-co-leader, 25 July 2022, Radio New Zealand, en-nz, 25 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220725230027/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471587/chloe-swarbrick-rules-out-bid-to-be-greens-co-leader, live, NEWS, Greens’ Dr Elizabeth Kerekere not running for vacant co-leader spot, en, Newshub,www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/07/greens-dr-elizabeth-kerekere-not-running-for-vacant-co-leader-spot.html, 25 July 2022, 25 July 2022, 25 July 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220725230101/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/07/greens-dr-elizabeth-kerekere-not-running-for-vacant-co-leader-spot.html, live, On 10 September, Shaw was re-elected as Green Party co-leader by 142 (97%) of the 145 eligible delegates in the party’s special election. Shaw was the only candidate to contest the 2022 co-leadership election.NEWS,www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/james-shaw-re-elected-green-co-leader-six-weeks-after-ouster/SG4XUFT7JEC5P5IW2A2FEWXEMY/, James Shaw re-elected Green co-leader six weeks after ouster, Thomas, Coughlan, The New Zealand Herald, 10 September 2022, 10 September 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220911112015/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/james-shaw-re-elected-green-co-leader-six-weeks-after-ouster/SG4XUFT7JEC5P5IW2A2FEWXEMY/, 11 September 2022, live, NEWS,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/474500/james-shaw-re-elected-as-green-party-co-leader-by-delegates, James Shaw re-elected as Green Party co-leader by delegates, Katie, Scocher, Radio New Zealand, 10 September 2022, 10 September 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220911112326/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/474500/james-shaw-re-elected-as-green-party-co-leader-by-delegates, 11 September 2022, live,

2023 election

As part of the party’s policy plan for the 2023 general election it put forward the policy of a guaranteed minimum income for those out of work and those studying of $385 a week for individuals, $770 a week for couples, and $735 for single parents, all after tax. This would be phased in over 2 years and paid for via a wealth tax of 2.5% (two point five percent) on assets worth more than four million New Zealand dollars for couples and two million for singles, as well as a top rate of tax of 45% on incomes over $180,000 and a 33% corporate tax rate. Those with a salary under $125,000 would be granted a tax free threshold of $10,000.NEWS, 11 June 2023, Green’s tax plan could ‘end child poverty’ – Shaw,www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tIGUt-Aa2Y, YouTube, 1News, 7 December 2023, The party stated this would result in “tax cuts of between $16 and $26 a week for 3.7 million New Zealanders” and anyone earning under $125,000 would pay less tax as part of its plan.WEB,www.greens.org.nz/green_party_s_new_income_guarantee_for_every_new_zealander, Green Party’s new Income Guarantee for every New Zealander, Shaw, James, Davidson, Marama, 11 June 2023, greens.org.nz, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 7 December 2023, In the 2023 general election, the Green Party’s share of the party vote rose to 11.6% and it increased its number of seats by six to 15: three electorates and 12 list MPs. This is the highest number of Green MPs to ever be elected into Parliament thus far.WEB, Official count – Overall Results,electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/, Electoral Commission (New Zealand), Electoral Commission, 20 November 2023,web.archive.org/web/20231107112928/https://www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/, 7 November 2023, 3 November 2023, live, WEB, 2023 General Election: Successful candidates,electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/successful-candidates.html, Electoral Commission (New Zealand), Electoral Commission, 20 November 2023,web.archive.org/web/20231117114239/https://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2023/successful-candidates.html, 17 November 2023, 3 November 2023, live, The party was expected to return to opposition, as support partner Labour came second to National.NEWS, Hatton, Emma, Bittersweet election night wins for Greens,www.newsroom.co.nz/bittersweet-election-night-wins-for-greens, 17 October 2023, Newsroom (website), Newsroom, 15 October 2023, en-AU,

In opposition, 2023–present

In January 2024 Shaw announced that he would be resigning as co-leader of the Green Party and retiring from politics.WEB, Shaw, James, James Shaw announces resignation,www.greens.org.nz/james_shaw_announces_resignation, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 2 February 2024,web.archive.org/web/20240130104650/https://www.greens.org.nz/james_shaw_announces_resignation, 30 January 2024, 24 January 2024, NEWS, Glenn, McConnell, James Shaw steps down as Green co-leader, to ease out of politics, en, Stuff (website), Stuff, 29 January 2024, 29 January 2024,www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350162174/james-shaw-steps-down-green-co-leader-ease-out-politics,web.archive.org/web/20240129231122/https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350162174/james-shaw-steps-down-green-co-leader-ease-out-politics, 29 January 2024, live, Amid shoplifting allegations, Golriz Ghahraman resigned in January 2024. She was replaced by Celia Wade-Brown.WEB, Golriz Ghahraman resigns from Parliament after shoplifting allegations, Radio New Zealand, 16 January 2024,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/506825/golriz-ghahraman-resigns-from-parliament-after-shoplifting-allegations, WEB, Former Wellington mayor Celia Wade-Brown stepping in to replace Ghahraman,www.thepost.co.nz/nz-news/350149238/former-wellington-mayor-celia-wade-brown-stepping-replace-ghahraman, On 21 February 2024, Fa’anānā Efeso Collins died during a charity run in Auckland.WEB, Green MP Efeso Collins dies during charity run, Radio New Zealand, 21 February 2024,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/509745/green-mp-efeso-collins-dies-during-charity-run, He was replaced by Lawrence Xu-Nan.NEWS,www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350188432/faanana-efeso-collins-death-brings-another-new-green-mp-parliament, Fa’anānā Efeso Collins’ death brings another new Green MP to Parliament, 22 February 2024, Stuff (website), Stuff, 6 March 2024, NEWS, Declaration by Electoral Commission that Lawrence Xi Xu-Nan is elected a Member of Parliament, 6 March 2024, New Zealand Gazette,gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2024-au985, 6 March 2024, On 15 March 2024, Darleen Tana was stood down after allegations of migrant exploitation.NEWS,www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350212641/bike-shop-green-mp-and-alleged-migrant-exploitation, The bike shop, the Green MP, and alleged migrant exploitation, Stuff, Steve, Kilgallon, 15 March 2024, On 6 May 2024, James Shaw resigned from parliament and was replaced by Francisco Hernandez.WEB, Declaration by Electoral Commission That Francisco Bagkus Hernandez is Elected a Member of Parliament - 2024-au2073 - New Zealand Gazette,gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2024-au2073, 2024-05-16, gazette.govt.nz,

Local body elections

2013 local elections

In the 2013 local elections, the Greens won three city council and two regional council seats in Wellington,WEB, 2013 election results,www.gw.govt.nz/2013results/, Greater Wellington Regional Council, 24 September 2017, a council seat in Dunedin,WEB, 2013 Dunedin City Council Final Results,www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/electoral-information/2013-election-results/dcc-results, Dunedin City Council, 24 September 2017,www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/electoral-information/2013-election-results/dcc-results," title="web.archive.org/web/20150923221236www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/electoral-information/2013-election-results/dcc-results,">web.archive.org/web/20150923221236www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/electoral-information/2013-election-results/dcc-results, 23 September 2015, dead, and also enjoyed success in Christchurch and Gisborne.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

2016 local elections

During the 2016 local elections, Green Dunedin candidate Aaron Hawkins was re-elected to the Dunedin City Council and was joined by the Green Party’s first elected Pasifika representative, Councillor Marie Laufiso.WEB, Dunedin City Council Final Results – 2016 Triennial Elections,www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/electoral-information/2016-election-results/dcc-results, Dunedin City Council, 4 November 2017, During the 2016 Wellington local election, four Green candidates Sue Kedgley, Iona Pannett, Sarah Free, and David Lee were elected onto the Greater Wellington Regional Council and the Lambton, Eastern, and Southern Wards of the Wellington City Council.WEB, 2016 Triennial Elections,www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Elections-2016/Wellington-Constituency-Preliminary-Result.pdf, Greater Wellington Regional Council, 4 November 2017, WEB, Wellington City Council 2016 Triennial Elections,wellington.govt.nz/~/media/your-council/elections/2016/files/final-results.pdf, Wellington City Council, 4 November 2017, Several Green candidates also contested seats on the Auckland Council, local boards, and licensing trusts during the 2016 Auckland local body elections.WEB, Ward Councillors,www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/elections/elections-2016/Documents/ward-councillors.pdf, Auckland Council, 4 November 2017, WEB, Local board members,www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/elections/elections-2016/Documents/local-board-members.pdf, Auckland Council, 4 November 2017, WEB, Licensing trusts,www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/elections/elections-2016/Documents/licensing-trusts.pdf, Auckland Council, 4 November 2017, In addition, Brent Barrett was elected to Palmerston North City Council.NEWS, Rankin, Janine, Labour and the Greens look for more local body candidates,www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/news/127457597/labour-and-the-greens-look-for-more-local-body-candidates, 13 November 2022, Manawatu Standard, Stuff (company), Stuff, 9 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221020111041/https://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/news/127457597/labour-and-the-greens-look-for-more-local-body-candidates, 20 October 2022,

2019 local elections

The 2019 New Zealand local elections were the most successful local body elections ever for the party, culminating in 42 successful candidates.WEB, About,www.greens.org.nz/about, 30 September 2020, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, en,web.archive.org/web/20200326183529/https://www.greens.org.nz/about, 26 March 2020, Notably, Aaron Hawkins was elected Mayor of Dunedin, becoming the first Green Party candidate to ever win a mayoralty in New Zealand.NEWS,www.stuff.co.nz/national/116921443/dunedin-welcomes-aaron-hawkins--the-countrys-first-green-party-mayor, Dunedin welcomes Aaron Hawkins – the country’s first Green Party mayor, Stuff (website), Stuff, 12 February 2020, In addition, Brent Barrett was re-elected to the Palmerston North City Council and was joined by a second Green candidate Renee Dingwall. Future Green MP Teanau Tuiono also ran for the position of Mayor of Palmerston North but was defeated by the incumbent Grant Smith.

2022 local elections

During the 2022 New Zealand local elections, ten Green branded candidates were elected to local government positions.WEB, Our Local Government Representatives,www.greens.org.nz/our_local_government_representatives, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 9 November 2022, Though Aaron Hawkins was defeated in his bid to be re-elected as Mayor of Dunedin, the Green-endorsed Tory Whanau was elected as Mayor of Wellington.NEWS, McNeilly, Hamish, ‘A very public divorce’: Aaron Hawkins on losing the Dunedin mayoralty,thespinoff.co.nz/politics/22-10-2022/a-very-public-divorce-aaron-hawkins-on-losing-the-dunedin-mayoralty, 9 November 2022, The Spinoff, 22 October 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221027180226/https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/22-10-2022/a-very-public-divorce-aaron-hawkins-on-losing-the-dunedin-mayoralty, 27 October 2022, live, NEWS, Whanau bucks trend in referendum on leadership,www.newsroom.co.nz/whanau-bucks-trend-in-referendum-on-leadership, 9 November 2022, Newsroom (website), Newsroom, 8 October 2022, en-AU, Marc, Daalder, 9 October 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221009064036/https://www.newsroom.co.nz/whanau-bucks-trend-in-referendum-on-leadership#Echobox=1665215993-1, live, Green councillor Tamatha Paul was elected to the Wellington City Council (WCC) and became the chair of its new environment and infrastructure committee.NEWS, Gourley, Erin, Labour, Green councillors to lead key committees on new Wellington City Council,www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/wellington-top-stories/130411523/labour-green-councillors-to-lead-key-committees-on-new-wellington-city-council, 8 November 2022, Stuff (website), Stuff, 8 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221108042724/https://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/wellington-top-stories/130411523/labour-green-councillors-to-lead-key-committees-on-new-wellington-city-council, 8 November 2022, live, In addition, Laurie Foon and NÄ«kau Wi Neera were elected to the WCC’s Southern General Ward and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward.WEB, Wellington City Council: 2022 Triennial Elections,wellington.govt.nz/-/media/your-council/elections/2022/wellington-city-council-2022-triennial-elections---final-stv-result.pdf, Wellington City Council, 17 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221020062552/https://wellington.govt.nz/-/media/your-council/elections/2022/wellington-city-council-2022-triennial-elections---final-stv-result.pdf, 20 October 2022, live, In addition, Yadana Saw, Thomas Nash, and Quentin Duthie were elected on the Green Party ticket to the Greater Wellington Regional Council.WEB, 2022 Election Results and Returns,www.gw.govt.nz/your-council/elections/2022-election-results-and-returns/, 17 November 2022, Greater Wellington Regional Council, 16 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221018043018/https://www.gw.govt.nz/your-council/elections/2022-election-results-and-returns/, 18 October 2022, live, Green councillor Brent Barrett was re-elected for a third term on the Palmerston North City Council (PNCC).NEWS, Lacy, Judith, Grant Smith easily re-elected as Palmerston North mayor,www.nzherald.co.nz/manawatu-guardian/news/grant-smith-easily-re-elected-as-palmerston-north-mayor/73ZNG6OST4RQ24YHX42UFUIUEY/, 13 November 2022, The New Zealand Herald, 11 October 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221025020142/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/manawatu-guardian/news/grant-smith-easily-re-elected-as-palmerston-north-mayor/73ZNG6OST4RQ24YHX42UFUIUEY/, 25 October 2022, live, In addition, Kaydee Zabelin was elected to the PNCC on the Green ticket.WEB, Final results – Palmerston North City Council 2022 local elections,www.pncc.govt.nz/files/assets/public/documents/participate-palmy/elections/2022-elections/final-pncc-lge-results-2022.pdf, Palmerston North City Council, 17 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221014112346/https://www.pncc.govt.nz/files/assets/public/documents/participate-palmy/elections/2022-elections/final-pncc-lge-results-2022.pdf, 14 October 2022, 14 October 2022, live, In Otago, Marie Laufiso was elected to the Dunedin City Council as a councillor.WEB, 2022 Election results,www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/2022-election-results, Dunedin City Council, 9 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221103233810/https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/2022-election-results, 3 November 2022, 31 October 2022, live, In addition, Alan Somerville was elected to the Dunedin Regional Constituency of the Otago Regional Council.WEB, Media release: ORC ushers in new triennium of Councillors,www.orc.govt.nz/news-and-events/news-and-media-releases/2022/october/orc-ushers-in-new-triennium-of-councillors, Otago Regional Council, 17 November 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221014112036/https://www.orc.govt.nz/news-and-events/news-and-media-releases/2022/october/orc-ushers-in-new-triennium-of-councillors, 14 October 2022, 14 October 2022, live,

2024 Wellington by-election

In February 2024, Green Party candidate Georgie Rogers was elected to the Pukehīnau/Lambton General Ward in the Wellington City Council. The ward had been vacated by Tamatha Paul, who had been elected to Parliament as a Green MP during the 2023 New Zealand general election.NEWS, Green Party candidate Geordie Rogers wins Wellington City Council by-election,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/509775/green-party-candidate-geordie-rogers-wins-wellington-city-council-by-election, 23 February 2024, Radio New Zealand, 21 February 2024,web.archive.org/web/20240221190944/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/509775/green-party-candidate-geordie-rogers-wins-wellington-city-council-by-election, 21 February 2024, live,

Structure

The party adopted a new constitution in 2022, named Te Waka Framework.NEWS, Palmer, Russell, Green Party leaders ‘proud’ of constitution changes,www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/466386/green-party-leaders-proud-of-constitution-changes, 10 November 2023, Radio New Zealand, 3 May 2022, This is a te tiriti-based structure that is derived from the party’s charter and commitment to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The framework contains four sections: Te Waka, Ngā Haumi, Te Hāpai, and Ngā Tumu, and is based on the journey of a waka.WEB, Constitution of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand,elections.nz/assets/party-files/Constitution-of-the-Green-Party-of-Aotearoa-New-Zealand-June-2022.pdf, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 10 November 2023, {| class=“wikitable“!Te Waka|Te Waka covers the governance and policy development and includes areas such as Kaunihera (Council), Te RōpÅ« Pounamu, Policy Hub, and Kaumātua Kākāriki.!Ngā Haumi|Ngā Haumi are the administration and operation aspects of the party and covers the party office.!Te Hāpai|Te Hāpai covers membership engagement and representation. It is instructed by and answerable to the membership and includes provinces, branches, and networks. One of the decision making bodies of the party, Member Assembly, also falls under Te Hāpai, as well as Te Awa, the party’s magazine.!Ngā Tumu|Ngā Tumu are the leaders of the party and include both parliamentary caucus and local government caucus.

Provinces and branches

A province is a collection of branches which has sufficient sense of common identity defined by natural geographical boundaries.WEB, 2016, Constitution of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand,members.greens.org.nz/sites/default/files/2019-11/Green%20Party%20Constitution%2C%20last%20revd%20August%202019.pdf, elections.org.nz, Branches are a collection of members with an electorate-based geographical area of responsibility.

Networks

There are a number of identity or interest-based networks across the party.WEB, For people and planet,www.greens.org.nz/contact, 1 August 2020, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, en, These include:

• Green Women (a network for women members)
• Inclusive Greens (a network for members living with a disability)
• Pasifika Greens (a network for members with Pasifika ancestry)
• Rainbow Greens (a network for LGBTQIA+ members)
• Rural Greens (a network for members with interests in rural and agricultural issues)
• GreenLeft (a network for left-wing, anti-capitalist members)
• Te Roopu Pounamu (a Māori network)
• Union Greens (representing trade unions)
• Young Greens

Electoral results

“>

Parliament{| class“wikitable” style@text-align:center;”

! Election! Party votes! Total percent! Place! Seats won! ±! Government! 1990| 124,915| 6.9%| 3rd0hex=Green}}| {{nochange}}Extra-parliamentary}}! 1993Alliance (New Zealand political party)>Alliance political party group. | 18.2%| 3rd0hex=Green}}| {{nochange}}! 1996| 209,347| 10.1%| 4th3hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 3Opposition}}! 1999| 106,560| 5.2%| 5th7hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 4Confidence and supply}}! 2002| 142,250| 7.0%| 5th9hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 2Opposition}}! 2005| 120,521| 5.3%| 4th6hex=Green}}| {{decrease}} 3Cooperation agreement}}! 2008| 157,613| 6.7% | 3rd9hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 3Opposition}}! 2011TITLE=OFFICIAL COUNT RESULTS – OVERALL STATUS DATE=17 DECEMBER 2011 ARCHIVE-DATE=26 APRIL 2012 URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 11.1%| 3rd14hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 5! 2014PUBLISHER=NEW ZEALAND ELECTORAL COMMISSION, 6 October 2014, | 10.7%| 3rd14hex=Green}}| {{nochange}}! 2017| 162,443| 6.3%| 4th8hex=Green}}| {{decrease}} 6Confidence and supply}}! 2020| 226,754 | 7.9%| 3rd10hex=Green}}| {{increase}} 2Cooperation agreement}}!2023| 330,883| 11.6%| 3rd15hex=Green}}|{{increase}} 5Opposition}}{{Reflist|group=nb}}

Office holders

The party has six equal status office holders that form their leadership group:

• two co-leaders (one female and one of any gender, one of whom must be Māori)
• two party co-convenors (one female and one of any gender)
• two policy co-convenors (one female and one of any gender)

The co-leaders lead the caucus, the party co-convenors lead the party executive, and the policy co-convenors lead the policy committee. The leadership group facilitates high level discussion and co-ordination between the three committees.

Co-leaders

{{anchor|Male co-leaders|Female co-leaders}}{| class=“wikitable“! colspan=“2” | No.! Name! Portrait! colspan=“2” | Term of office! colspan=“2” | No.! Name! Portrait! colspan=“2” | Term of officeRod Donald100px)| 21 May 1995| 6 November 2005†Jeanette Fitzsimons(File:Jeanette Fitzsimons.jpg|100px)21 May 199530 May 2009Russel Norman(File:Russel Norman2.jpg|100px)3 June 200630 May 2015Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}“|! rowspan=2|2Metiria Turei(File:MetiriaTurei.jpg|100px)30 May 20099 August 2017James Shaw(File:James Shaw, 2014 (cropped).jpg|100px)30 May 201510 March 2024Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}“|! rowspan=2| 3 Marama Davidson (File:Marama Davidson 2019 (cropped).jpg|100px) 8 April 2018 incumbentChlöe Swarbrick(File:Chlöe Swarbrick headshot (cropped 3 by 4).jpg|100px)10 March 2024incumbent

Co-convenors

Equivalent to the organisational president of other parties. Historically, there was always one male co-convenor and one female co-convenor. As of May 2022, the party’s new constitution requires one female co-convenor and one co-convenor of any gender.{| class=wikitable! Male/Any gender !! FemaleDavid Clendon (2001–2004)

Paul de Spa (2004–2006)

Roland Sapsford (2006–2012)

Pete Huggins (2012–2014)

John Ranta (2014–2018)

Wiremu Winitana (2018–2022)

Rо̄pata Moore (2022–2023)

Lawrence Xu-Nan (2023–2024)

Sam Ferguson (2024–present)

Catherine Delahunty (2002–2004)

Karen Davis (2004–2007)

Moea Armstrong (2007–2010)

Georgina Morrison (2010–2015)

Debs Martin (2015–2017)

Katy Watabe (2017–2019)

Penny Leach (2019–2022)

Aroha Lowe (2022–2023)

Alyssce Te Huna (2023–present)

Policy co-convenors

Policy co-convenors are the leaders of the policy committee, which is autonomous from both the caucus and the party executive. While lower in public profile than the party co-convenors, the policy co-convenors are considered to have the same status as the party co-convenors, and are elected in the same way. As of May 2022, the party’s new constitution requires one female policy co-convenor and one policy co-convenor of any gender.{| class=wikitable! Male/Any gender !! FemaleBarry Coates (2016)

Julian Lumbreras (2017–2018)

Jack McDonald (2018–2019)

Leighton Thompson (2019–2020)

Lawrence Xu-Nan (2020–2023)

Alika Wells (2023–present)

party vote won in the 2023 general election. Golriz Ghahraman resigned in January 2024 and was replaced by Celia Wade-Brown. Efeso Collins died on 21 February 2024 and was replaced by Lawrence Xu-Nan. {{As of|February 2024}} the MPs are, in order of their 2023 election list ranking:{| class=“wikitable”!colspan=“2” | List rank!Name!Image!Term started!Portfolios & ResponsibilitiesWEB, Our People,www.greens.org.nz/ourpeople, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, 17 November 2017, Marama DavidsonImage =Marama_Davidson_2019.jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 15|oLeft = 5}}|2015#Co-leaders>Co-leaderList MPChlöe SwarbrickImage =Chlöe_Swarbrick_headshot.jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 18}}|2017|Co-leaderMP for Auckland CentralJulie Anne GenterImage =Julie_Anne_Genter,_2017_(cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2011|MP for RongotaiTeanau TuionoImage =Teanau Tuiono 2023 (cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2020|List MPLan PhamImage =Lan Pham 2023 (cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2023|List MPRicardo Menéndez MarchImage =Ricardo Menéndez March (cropped 2023).jpg cWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 5}}|2020|List MPSteve AbelImage =Steve Abel (cropped 2023).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 15}}|2023|List MPHÅ«hana LyndonImage =HÅ«hana Lyndon at Waitangi.jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 18}}|2023|List MPScott Willis (politician)>Scott WilisImage =Scott Willis (cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2023|List MPDarleen TanaImage =Darleen Tana (cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2023|List MPKahurangi CarterImage =Kahurangi Carter (cropped).jpgcWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2023|List MPCelia Wade-BrownImage=Celia Wade-Brown (cropped).jpgcHeight=133oLeft=0|bSize=100}}|2024|List MPLawrence Xu-NanImage=Lawrence Xu-Nan (cropped).jpgcHeight=133oLeft=0|bSize=100}}|2024|List MPTamatha PaulImage =Tamatha Paul (green background).jpg cWidth = 100oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}|2023|MP for Wellington Central

See also

• Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand Front Bench
• List of Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand MPs
• List of green political parties
• Politics of New Zealand

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References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• {{Official website}}
• blog.greens.org.nz/" title="web.archive.org/web/20110810055239blog.greens.org.nz/">Official blog
• {{Facebook}}
• {{Twitter}}
• {{YouTube|user=UCHMJ7z-9wxGvWVljzfntFVQ}}

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