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{{Short description|Class of Soviet diesel-electric patrol submarines}}{|
|
/ {{navy|Russia}}
Kalvari-class submarine (1967)>Kalvari class
- Vela class|Cost=|Built range=1957–1983|In service range=1958–2014|In commission range=1958–2014|Total ships building=|Total ships planned=|Total ships completed=75|Total ships cancelled=|Total ships active=|Total ships laid up=|Total ships lost= 1|Total ships retired=|Total ships preserved= 7
}} surfaced
- {{convert|2475|LT|t}} submerged
| 89.9 | ftin|abbr=on}} | 7.4 | ftin|abbr=on}} | 5.9 | ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship decks= | 2000 | abbr=on}} diesel engines
- 3 × Electric motors, two {{convert|1350|hp|abbr=on}} and one {{convert|2700|hp|abbr=on}}
- 1 × {{convert|180|hp|abbr=on}} auxiliary motor
- 3 shafts, each with 6-bladed propellers
| 16 | km/h|lk=in}} surfaced
- {{convert|15|kn|km/h}} submerged
- {{convert|9|kn|km/h}} snorkeling
| 20000 | km | lk=in}} at {{convert | kn | abbr=on}} surfaced
- {{convert|11000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} snorkeling
- {{convert|380|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged|Ship endurance=3-5 days submerged
| 246 | 296 | ft|abbr=on}} |Ship complement=12 officers, 10 warrants, 56 seamen|Ship sensors=|Ship EW=|Ship armament=*10 × torpedo tubes (6 bow, 4 stern)
- 22 torpedoes|Ship armor=|Ship notes=
}} |
The
Foxtrot class was the
NATO reporting name of a class of diesel-electric patrol
submarines that were built in the
Soviet Union. The Soviet designation of this class was
Project 641. The Foxtrot class was designed to replace the earlier
Zulu class, which suffered from structural weaknesses and harmonic vibration problems that limited its operational depth and submerged speed. The first Foxtrot keel was laid down in 1957 and commissioned in 1958 and the last was completed in 1983. A total of 58 were built for the Soviet Navy at the Sudomekh division of the
Admiralty Shipyard (now Admiralty Wharves), Saint Petersburg.Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 2, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, {{ISBN|5-8172-0072-4}} Additional hulls were built for other countries.The Foxtrot class was comparable in performance and armament to most contemporary designs. However, its three screws made it noisier than most Western designs. Moreover, the Foxtrot class was one of the last designs introduced before the adoption of the
teardrop hull, which offered much better underwater performance. Also, although the Foxtrot was larger than a Zulu class submarine, the Foxtrot class had 2 of its 3 decks dedicated to batteries. This gave it an underwater endurance of 10 days, but the weight of the batteries made the Foxtrot's average speed a slow {{convert|2|kn|km/h}} at its maximum submerged time capability. Due to the batteries taking up 2 decks, onboard conditions were crowded, with space being relatively small even when compared to older submarines such as the much older American
Balao-class submarine. The Foxtrot class was completely obsolete by the time the last submarine was launched. The
Russian Navy retired its last Foxtrots between 1995 and 2000;WEB,
weblink Russian Navy, Fas.org, 2008-05-30, 2011-12-29, 2015-04-08,
weblink dead, units were scrapped and disposed of for museum purposes.WEB,
weblink Подводные лодки. Проект 641, During the division of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, in 1997 one Foxtrot class submarine (later renamed as
Zaporizhzhia) was passed to Ukraine as it was not operational since 1991. The ship never effectively served in the
Ukrainian Navy and was under repair. In 2005 Ukrainian Ministry of Defence wanted to sell it, but was unsuccessful. Following successful post-repair trials in June 2013, it was recognised as operational.
weblink" title="archive.today/20130419083136
weblink">In Sevastopol celebrated the anniversary of including the great submarine "Zaporizhia" to the fleet as combat ready (У СеваÑтополі відзначили річницю прийнÑÑ‚Ñ‚Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ підводного човна “Запоріжжцдо бойового Ñкладу флоту). Ministry of Defence of Ukraine. 21 January 2013 However, on 22 March 2014 it was surrendered to or captured by Russia as part of the
Russian annexation of Crimea.WEB,
weblink Ukrainian Sailors Surrender Submarine to Russian Navy,
NBC News, 22 March 2014, Russia decided not to accept it due to its age and operational unsuitability. Its subsequent status is unknown.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Project 641s played a central role in some of the most dramatic incidents of the
Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviet Navy deployed four Project 641 submarines to Cuba. US Navy
destroyers dropped practice
depth charges near Project 641 subs near Cuba in efforts to force them to surface and be identified. Three of the four Project 641 submarines were forced to surface, however one eluded US forces. All four boats were later ordered to return to port in Russia.
Units
Following is a list of 58 of the 75Cold War Submarines, Polmar & Moore, Brassey's Inc., Washington, D.C. 2004; Podvodnye Lodki Kholodnoy Voyny, OAO SPMBM Malakhit, Sankt Peterburg, 2011 Foxtrot-class submarines built during the Soviet Project 641, at Yard 196, Leningrad.File:Vizag submarine museum.jpg|thumb|A
museum ship, (INS Kursura S20|INS
Kursura (S20)]].All photos taken inside museum ship acknowledged to
User:Mario52)(File:FoxTrot 480 0026.JPG|thumb|Inside the aft torpedo room.) (File:FoxTrot 480 0023.JPG|thumb|Aft torpedo room of a Foxtrot museum ship.)File:FoxTrot 480 0022.JPG|thumb|Opened
torpedo tubetorpedo tube(File:FoxTrot 480 0044.JPG|thumb|Electric generator/motor controls){| class="wikitable sortable"
Project 641 (NATO: Foxtrot Class)|
class="backgroundcolor5"! width="5%" | Number !! width="15%" | Laid down !! width="10%" | Launched !! class="unsortable" width="10%" | Decommissioned !! class="unsortable" width="20%" | Status
|
| | 28 December 1957 | style="text-align:right" | | Decommissioned for scrapping |
|
| | 25 April 1958 | style="text-align:right" | | Decommissioned for scrapping |
|
| | 31 August 1958 | style="text-align:right" | | Decommissioned for scrapping |
|
| Soviet submarine B-37>B-37 | 18 July 1958 | style="text-align:right" | | 11 January 1962 | Sank after fire and multiple explosions |
|
| | 26 January 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | Renamed B-833 |
|
| | 30 March 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 30 May 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | Renamed B-839 |
|
| | 10 October 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 17 December 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 19 March 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| Soviet submarine B-59>B-59 | 21 February 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | 19 April 1990 | - |
|
| | 2 August 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 31 January 1961 | style="text-align:right" | | Renamed B-854 |
|
| | 2 August 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 27 April 1961 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 1 October 1961 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 29 November 1961 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 31 January 1962 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 12 April 1962 | style="text-align:right" | | renamed B-853 |
|
| | 15 June 1962 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 21 July 1962 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 3 November 1962 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 25 January 1963 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 5 April 1963 | style="text-align:right" | | renamed B-855 |
|
| | 15 June 1963 | style="text-align:right" | | Renamed 292 Wilk |
|
| | 30 August 1963 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 30 November 1963 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 16 April 1964 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 17 June 1964 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 25 July 1964 | style="text-align:right" | | renamed B-807 |
|
| | 27 October 1964 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 22 December 1964 | style="text-align:right" | |- |
|
| | 29 August 1969 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 17 February 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | |
|
| | 21 February 1964 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| Soviet submarine B-427>B-427 | 10 April 1971 | style="text-align:right" | | 28 April 1994 | Formerly a Museum, Long Beach, California, USA |
|
| Soviet submarine B-39>B-39 | 9 February 1967 | style="text-align:right" | | 5 July 1994 | Formerly a Museum, San Diego, California, USASold for scrap 2022 |
|
| | 16 September 1970 | style="text-align:right" | | Museum, Vytegra, Russia |
|
| | 29 May 1970 | style="text-align:right" | | Ukrainian submarine Zaporizhzhia>Zaporizhiya" in Ukraine |
|
| | 31 March 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 3 October 1960 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 15 August 1959 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 29 June 1961 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 16 February 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | ex-Seafront Zeebrugge Museum, Belgium. 2019 towed away for scrapping in Ghent. |
|
| | 10 August 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 10 August 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 16 November 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 16 November 1965 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 20 May 1966 | style="text-align:right" | | 1988 Renamed 293 Dzik |
|
| | 20 May 1966 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 24 December 1966 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 24 December 1966 | style="text-align:right" | | Submarine U-475 Black Widow>Foxtrot B-39 U-475 Black Widow", former museum awaiting restoration on the River Medway near Rochester, Kent, England |
|
| | 22 August 1967 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 22 August 1967 | style="text-align:right" | |- |
|
| | 7 October 1968 | style="text-align:right" | | Museum, Kaliningrad, Russia |
|
| | 25 February 1969 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 20 January 1970 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
|
| | 2 March 1971 | style="text-align:right" | | - |
Operators
(File:Foxtrot Class submarine.JPEG|thumb|A Libyan foxtrot)Most saw service in the Soviet Navy. Foxtrots were also built for the Indian Navy (eight units, from 1967 to 1974), Libyan (six units, from 1978 to 1980), and Cuban (six units, from 1978 to 1983) navies. Some Soviet Foxtrots later saw service in the Polish and Ukrainian navies.
- {{flag|Soviet Union}}
- {{navy|Soviet Union}} (passed on to successor states)
- {{flag|Russia}}
- {{flag|India}}
- {{navy|India}} – Variants known as the {{sclass|Kalvari|submarine|4||1967}}, and {{sclass|Vela|submarine|4||}}, now decommissioned ({{INS|Kursura|S20|6}} converted into a museum)weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120828182355weblink">Navy decommissions last Kalvari-class submarine INS Vagli
- {{flag|Libya}}
- {{navy|Libya}} – 6 units (2 left but probably abandoned)WEB, Janes, Submarine forces (Libya), Submarines - Submarine forces,weblink Nov 10, 2010, 11 March 2011,
- {{flag|Cuba}}
- {{navy|Cuba}} – three units (hull numbers 309, 510 and 586, incidentally this one was the last "Foxtrot" built)
- {{flag|Poland}}
- {{navy|Poland}} – 2 units (ex–Soviet Navy), ORP Wilk (1987–2003) and ORP Dzik (1988–2003)
- {{flag|Ukraine}}
- {{navy|Ukraine}} – 1 unit ({{ship|Ukrainian submarine|Zaporizhzhia||2}}), has been taken over by Russian forces during the 2014 Crimean crisis.
On display
Several Foxtrots are on display as museums around the world, including:
Citations
{{Reflist}}References
- BOOK, Miller, David, The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World, London, Salamander Books, 2002, 1-84065-375-2,
- Ð.Б. Широкорад: СоветÑкие подводные лодки поÑлевоенной поÑтройки (A.B. Shirokorad: Sowjet Submarines built after WWII) Moscow, 1997, {{ISBN|5-85139-019-0}} (Russian)
- Y. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑ†Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ("Ships of the USSR - Multi-purpose submarines and Special submarines"), St Petersburg, 2003, {{ISBN|5-8172-0069-4}} (Russian)
External links
{{Commons category|Foxtrot class submarines}}
{{Foxtrot class submarine}}{{Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945}}
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