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{{Short description|Administrative civil service of the Indian executive branch}}{{pp-sock|small=yes}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}{| class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; width: 27em"|+Central Secretariat Service! cellpadding="1" colspan="12" style="background:#E32636; color:#FFFFFF; text-align: center" |Service overview| Abbreviation| CSS| Formerly known as

Imperial Secretariat Service>ISS

Date of establishment>Formed| 1946

| Country

India}}

| Training Ground| Institute of Secretariat Training and Management, New Delhi| Controlling authority

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)>Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, Department of Personnel and Training

| Legal personality| Governmental: Government service| General nature| Policy FormulationCivil administrationAdvisors to MinistersContinuity of administration in the Cabinet Secretariat| Preceding service| Imperial Secretariat Service (1919–1946)

En cadre>Cadre Size		PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (INDIA)	>ACCESS-DATE=5 APRIL 2017, (Group A - 2471; Group B - 9079)

|Selection

Union Public Service Commission>UPSC Civil Services Examination (1946–2003)UPSC Limited Departmental Competitive Examination (2003–present)

| Association

	ACCESS-DATE=29 MAY 2014,

! cellpadding="1" colspan="12" style="background:#800080; color:#FFFFFF; text-align: center" |Head of the Civil Services|

Cabinet Secretary (India)>Cabinet Secretary Current: Rajiv Gauba

Central Secretariat Service (; abbreviated as CSS) is the administrative civil service under Group AComplete Civil Service Schedule of the Civil Services Group A of India." Civil Service Group A - Government of India, 1 January 2011. and Group BComplete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group B of India." Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India, 1 January 2011. of the Central Civil Services of the executive branch of the Government of India. They are governed by Central Secretariat Service Rules of 1962,WEB,weblink The Central Secretariat Service Rules of 1962, 10 February 2012, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, which has been issued under the powers of Article 309 of the Constitution of India. The service members work under restrictions and rules of Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules.The service serves as the backbone of administrative workNEWS, Central Secretariat employees demand timely promotions, 3 June 2015, Business Standard,weblink 11 September 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160910190729weblink">weblink 10 September 2016, dead, NEWS, Why implementing the Seventh Pay Commission recommendation is a herculean challenge, 20 December 2015, The Economic Times,weblink 11 September 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160910190631weblink">weblink 10 September 2016, dead, and provides permanent bureaucracy and functionary staff in the Union Government ministries, Cabinet Secretariat, Central Secretariat and other offices of Government of India.Based on CSS service model, State governments like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh have organised their own independent services like Bihar Secretariat ServiceWEB, Bihar Secretariat service staff on warpath,weblink The Times of India, 26 January 2019, and Provincial Secretariat Service of UP. The Union Government ministries such like Railways, Defence and External Affairs, have organised their own independent services based on CSS model which are known as Railway Board Secretariat Service, Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services and Indian Foreign Service, Group B (general cadre)WEB,weblink Indian Foreign Service Brach 'B' (Recruitment, Cadre, Seniority and Promotion) Rules, 1964 (As amended upto 17th November, 2008), 7 May 2020, Ministry of External Affairs (India), respectively.

History

In the year 1919, the Imperial Secretariat Service came into being as one of the offshoots of the Lewllyn-Smith Committee which had been set up on the eve of the introduction of the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms.WEB, History: Central Secretariat Service,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, 17 May 2012, The posts of Assistant and Assistant Secretary/Under Secretary were filled by officers drawn from the Imperial Secretariat Service during the British Raj.BOOK, Singh, Hoshiar, Indian Administration, 2011, Pearson Education India, 9788131761199, The recruitment of the members was made by Central Staff Selection Board, which was precursor of the Union Public Service Commission set up in 1926.BOOK, Maheshwari, Shriram, A Dictionary of Public Administration, 2002, Orient Blackswan, 9788125022527, In 1946, after India gained independence from Britain, the Imperial Secretariat Service was replaced by Central Secretariat Service in India. However, in Pakistan, a Central Secretariat Service was formed in Central Superior Services of Pakistan,WEB,weblink Office Management Group: CSS Pakistan, 19 July 2015, Central Superior Services of Pakistan, which was later replaced and renamed to Office Management Group (OMG) and Secretariat Group (SG).The Central Secretariat Service was formed in 1946 and was established before the creation of All India Services - Indian Administrative Service in 1950, Indian Forest Service in 1966 and Indian Police Service in 1948. CSS is one of the earliest organized services in India.

Recruitment

File:Jitendra Singh addressing the Valedictory Function of the Foundation Training Programme for Assistant Section Officers (Direct Recruit) of Central Secretariat Service (1).JPG|thumb|Minister of State at Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Jitendra Singh interacting with CSS officers in 2018.]]From 1946 until 2003, 50 percent of direct recruitment into CSSWEB, Mode of Recruitment into CSS cadre,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, 27 August 2015, was through the Civil Services Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission,WEB, Federal Government takes first step in downsizing CSS officers,weblink Business Standard, 16 May 2015, the next 25 percent recruitment was through Annual Departmental Examination and next 25 percent by promotion.However, after the cadre restructuring in 2003, the direct recruitment into CSS through the Civil Services Examination has been stopped.The mode of recruitment was changed to the grade of Section Officer by way of 50% through Limited Departmental Competitive Examination by Union Public Service CommissionWEB, Cadre Restructure: Central Secretariat Service,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, 16 May 2015, and 50% by seniority.

Allocation and placement

After appointment by the President, the officers (Entry grade/Probationers) are allocated to different Ministries/Departments under Government of India. The Group B officers work in the levels of Assistant Section Officer and Section Officer/Assistant Director (For Directorate). The Group A officers work in the levels of Under Secretary/Deputy Director (For Directorate), Deputy Secretary/Joint Director (For Directorate), Director, Joint SecretaryWEB, First Report of the Committee on Cadre Restructuring of Central Secretariat Service,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, 16 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140714144943weblink">weblink 14 July 2014, dead, WEB, 'Promotion scam' in railways,weblink Business Standard, 16 May 2015, and Additional SecretaryWEB,weblink Archive: Minimum balance, no balance, 8 January 2017, Hindustan Times, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170108171513weblink">weblink 8 January 2017, dmy, under Central Staffing Scheme of Government of India.The officers are posted in various Ministries and Departments, Prime Minister's Office, National Security Council Secretariat, intelligence agencies,WEB, RAW to hunt for officers from CSS pool,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121029052129weblink">weblink dead, 29 October 2012, The New Indian Express, 16 May 2015, Apex /Autonomous organizations of Government of India located at different places in the Secretariat in New Delhi. They are also appointed in personal staff of Union Council of Ministers of India.WEB, Why babus want to be private secys to ministers now,weblink GovernanceNow.com, 16 May 2015, NEWS,weblink Ashok Kumar appointed OSD to MoS PMO, The Hindu, 20 October 2015, India, 5 October 2015,

Deputations

The officers are also posted outside Delhi, or at various places of the country in other offices upon deputation. They can also be deputed for service under an international organization, an autonomous body not controlled by the Government, or a private body as same as under Rule 6 (2)(ii) of IAS (Cadre) Rules.WEB, Deputation of CSS Officerse,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, 16 May 2015, File:Jitendra Singh interacting with a delegation of the Central Secretariat Service Forum, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Minister of State at Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Jitendra Singh interacting with CSS Forum in 2016.]]In 2014, Government of India offered cadre officers on deputation to State governments of India like West Bengal and Uttarakhand.WEB, Centre offers officers on deputation to WB, Uttarakhand,weblink The Economic Times, 7 May 2016, In 2016, Government of India has approved officers to be posted on non-cadre posts in the secretariat of Northeastern states of India.WEB, Government Offers Postings In North-East To Non-IAS, IPS Officers,weblink NDTV, 6 March 2016, WEB, Review of the Policy for inter cadre transfer/deputation for North East Cadres,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India), Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension, 6 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160309035845weblink">weblink 9 March 2016, dead, ">

Designations and Pay grade{| border"1" cellpadding"5" cellspacing"0" style"margin:auto;"

|! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Position / Pay Grade in the Government of India! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Level and Rank in the Central Government! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Order of Precedence (As per Presidential order)! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" |Equivalent Position or Designation in the State Government(s)! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 1|Entry Grade

Assistant Section Officer / Entry-level (Probationer) or Promoted from the post of UDC'''CHANGE OF NOMENCLATURE OF THE POST OF CSS CADRE AND CSCS CADRE	PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES AND PENSIONS (INDIA)	>ACCESS-DATE=25 OCTOBER 2016	ARCHIVE-DATE=4 JANUARY 2017, dead, | -|Review Officer in State Secretariat

! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 2|Junior Time Scale

Assistant Secretary#India>Assistant Secretary / Section Officer | -|Section Officer

! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 3| Junior Time Scale (NFSG)

Assistant Secretary#India>Assistant Secretary / Assistant Director (to the Directorate) | -|Under Secretary/Sub-Divisional Magistrate

! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 4|Senior Time Scale|Under Secretary or Deputy Director (to the Directorate)| -|Deputy Secretary/Additional District Magistrate! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 5|Junior Administrative Grade (JAG)|Deputy Secretary or Joint Director (to the Directorate) | -|Joint Secretary/District Magistrate! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 6|Selection Grade|Director | -| Additional Secretary /Deputy Commissioner/Special Secretary! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;" | 7|Super Time Scale

Joint Secretary to Government of India{{efn>name=fn8	Additional Secretary to Government of India under Central Staffing Scheme. The minimum service balance is usually 2 years before retirement. The decision for promotion/empanelment depends on orders of Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.}}{{efn>name=fn9	Secretary to the Government of India>Secretary to Government ofIndia.}}| 26|Secretary/Divisional Commissioner

! colspan="6" |Notes

{{Notelist}}

Reforms

1st Cadre Restructure of 2003

In 2003, a committee was formed under the leadership of Additional Secretary (GOI). The direct induction of CSS officer through Civil Services Examination was permanently stopped. Also a new level G training program was organised for those in line of promotion in the rank of Joint Secretary (GOI) in the SAG level.

2nd Cadre Restructure of 2010

The Government had set up a Committee on Cadre Restructuring of Central Secretariat Service (CSS) in June 2008. The Committee submitted its report in November 2008 for further reforms in the service. The report was finally accepted in 2010 and the number of posts at various levels including Deputy Secretaries and Directors were increased following the review WEB, 2010 Cadre Restructuring of the Central Secretariat Service,weblink Government of India, 16 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140826120616weblink">weblink 26 August 2014, dead,

3rd Cadre Restructure of 2013

A committee was formed under the leadership of Additional Secretary (GOI) in 2013 for further reforms in the service.WEB, 2013 Cadre Restructuring of the Central Secretariat Service,weblink Government of India, 16 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150221155327weblink">weblink 21 February 2015, dead, The report is currently pending with Prime Minister's Office and is expected to improve the service conditions by increasing the number of posts at the level of Deputy Secretaries.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

Mandatory Training Program for CSS Officers

In addition to these, the Government has also introduced mandatory training programs at every level of promotion.WEB, Training policy of CSS Officers,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India, 29 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304185422weblink">weblink 4 March 2016, dead, The CSS officers are trained both in India and abroadWEB,weblink Archived copy, 25 August 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140826160824weblink">weblink 26 August 2014, dead, in various institutions starting at Level E onwards.WEB, Over Rs 205 crore earmarked for training of babus,weblink Business Standard, 23 December 2016, WEB, Training of CSS Officers,weblink Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India, 23 December 2016,

Controversies

Recently, some CSS officers have been in the list of corrupt bureaucrats and have come under the CBI scanner for alleged involvement in a few corruption cases.WEB, IAS, CSS officers came under CBI scanner: Government,weblink The Indian Express, 14 December 2015,

Notable members

{{See also|Category:Central Secretariat Service officers}}{{Expand section|date=July 2016}}Since its inception, CSS has produced few outstanding civil servants in India.WEB,weblink Archive: Govt proposes to extend tenure of CSS officers, 8 January 2017, Hindustan Times, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170108170506weblink">weblink 8 January 2017, dmy, Influential members include - M.P. Singh who was appointed as Vice-Chairman of Central Administrative Tribunal at Jabalpur Bench,WEB, Biography of Hon'ble Shri M.P. Singh: Vice Chairman (A) of CAT,weblink Central Administrative Tribunal, Government of India, 9 July 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160421025705weblink">weblink 21 April 2016, dead, P.G. Lele who served as Additional Secretary to Government of IndiaWEB, Point of privilege 1992 : Attempt to influence some members of a Joint Parliamentary Committee by a Minister and a Government official,weblink Rajya Sabha, 22 April 2016, in the Ministry of Finance and M.V. Ayyar who was empanelled as Secretary to Government of India.Reportedly, in the 1960s, there have been Labour Secretary and Education Secretary in Government of India also from CSS.

List

{{Incomplete list|date=July 2016}}

• N. R. Madhava Menon - Awarded Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by Government of India and founder director of National Law School of India UniversityWEB, Father of Indian modern legal education NR Madhava Menon dies at 84,weblink India Today, 8 May 2019, WEB, Father Of Indian Modern Legal Education Dr. NR Madhava Menon Passes Away,weblink Livelaw.in, 8 May 2019,
• Anwar Jamal Kidwai - 6th Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia University and Secretary to Government of India in Ministry of Information and BroadcastingBOOK, Malik, Amita, Amita, No Holds Barred: An Autobiography, 1999, Harpercollins Publishers India, 9788172233518,
• Prem Nath Kirpal - President of Executive Board at UNESCO (1970 to 1972) and Secretary to Government of India in Ministry of EducationBOOK, Vaidyanatha Ayyar, R. V., History of Education Policymaking in India, 1947–2016, 2017, Oxford University Press, 9780199091546,
• Khwaja M. Shahid - Vice Chancellor of Maulana Azad National Urdu UniversityWEB, Prof Khwaja Shahid appointed as MANUU's In-Charge VC,weblink United News of India, 25 April 2020,
• Arun Kumar
• D.B. Singh
• Gautam Sanyal
• U. Sagayam (1989)
• Unnikrishnan Thiruvazhiyode

Influence

The Railway Board Secretariat Service, the general administration staff in the Ministry of Railways, is modelled after the Central Secretariat Service.WEB, Railway Ministry unable to create credible seniority list for 276 officers,weblink The Indian Express, 17 March 2017,

See also

• Civil Services of India

References

{{Reflist}}

Books

• Singh, Hoshiar (2011) Indian Administration. Pearson Education India {{ISBN|9788131761199}}.
• Jayapalan, N. (2001) Indian Administration 2 Vols. Set. Atlantic Publishers & Distri {{ISBN|9788171569212}}.
• Maheshwari, S.R. (2006) Public Administration in India: The Higher Civil Service. Oxford University Press {{ISBN|9780199087839}}.

External links

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140906101037weblink">CSS Public Service Profile at Government of India Portal.
• The Central Secretariat Division at Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (DOPT)
• CSS Service Rules 2009 - Gazette of India
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140714144943weblink">First Report of the Committee on Cadre Restructuring of CSS - 2002
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130717185256weblink">FAQ CSS RTI, DOPT
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120417113518weblink">Central Civil Services: Group A, B, C and D
• Complete Executive Record List of CSS
• 2013 Civil List (Group A Officers)
• CSS officers Website Official Officers Website

News

• WEB

,

• WEB

,

• WEB

,

Other sources

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140823033029weblink">Powers and Duties of Officers and Employees as defined in the Manual of Office Procedure
• Prime Minister to oversee postings of Joint Secretaries by The Times of India

{{Public Services of India}}{{Civil service}}