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| coor_pinpoint = Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh| subdivision_type = CountryIndia}}States and union territories of India>State| subdivision_name1 = Uttar PradeshAdministrative divisions of India>DivisionAyodhya division>Ayodhya| established_title = Established| established_date =| seat_type = Headquarters| seat = BarabankiTehsils of India>Tehsils| parts_style = paraNawabganj, Barabanki>Nawabganj

1. Fatehpur
2. Ram Sanehi Ghat
3. Haidergarh
4. Ram Nagar
5. Sirauli Ghauspur| area_total_km2 = 3891.5| area_footnotes =| population_as_of = 2011| population_total = 3,260,699| population_footnotes =| population_urban = 330803| population_density_km2 = auto| demographics_type1 = Demographics

Literacy in India>Literacy| demographics1_info1 = 61.75%| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio| demographics1_info2 = 910| leader_title = District collector| leader_name = Adarsh Singh, IASLok Sabha>Lok Sabha constituencies| leader_name1 = Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency)Vidhan Sabha>Vidhan Sabha constituencies| leader_name2 = 7Indian Standard Time>IST| utc_offset1 = +05:30| registration_plate = UP-41Roads in India>Major highwaysNational Highway 27 (India)>NH 27, NH 28B| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation| blank_info_sec2 = 1050 mmbarabanki.nic.in/}}}}Barabanki district is one of the five districts of Ayodhya division in the central Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Barabanki city is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district. Total area of Barabanki district is 3891.5 Sq. km.WEB, District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!, Land of Dewa and Mahadeva {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}It has a population of 2,673,581, with a population density of {{convert|686.50| /km2}}.Barabanki district is situated between 27°19′ and 26°30′ north latitude, and 80°05′ and 81°51′ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the Ghaghara and Gomti. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at {{convert|57|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}}, and the extreme breadth at {{cvt|58|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}; the total area is about {{cvt|1504|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}}. It borders seven other districts of Uttar Pradesh. With its most northern point it shares borders with the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is defined by the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district. Its eastern border is shared with Ayodhya district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Amethi district. On the west, it adjoins the Lucknow district.In 1856, the district came, with the rest of Oudh State, under British rule. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the whole of the Barabanki talukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance following the capture of Lucknow.BOOK, Gazetteer of the province of Oudh,books.google.com/books?id=8KQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255, BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263, 1877, 255, {{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Bara Banki |volume=3|page=379}}Barabanki district stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous lakes and marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clay and produces finer crops. The district is fed by the rivers Ghaghra (forming the northern boundary), Gomti (flowing through the middle of the district), Kalyani and Rait and their tributaries, for the major part of the year.WEB, Geography {{!, District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://barabanki.nic.in/about-district/geography/|access-date=1 January 2021|website=barabanki.nic.in/}} Some rivers dry out in the summer, and become flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra alters the land area of the district.The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane. Both of the bordering rivers of Barabanki are navigable. The district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}}.WEB,barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm, District Statistics, Barabanki.nic.in, 1 April 1954, 30 December 2013,barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110930012022barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110930012022barabanki.nic.in/stat.htm, 30 September 2011, dead, The district roadways include connections to National Highway 28, state highways and various link roads.

Etymology

(File:Barabanki Ghantaghar.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Clock Arch)The area was once known as Jasnaul, from Jas, a Raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000 AD. Following the Muslim conquest, the lands were divided into twelve, with the new owners quarrelling so incessantly that they were called the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men. Banka, in Awadhi, means a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.

History

The current Barabanki district was first established by the British upon their annexation of Oudh State in 1856.BOOK, Nevill, H.R., Bara Banki: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XLVIII Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh, 1903, Government Press, Allahabad, 125–8, 162–3,archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.113235, 15 April 2021, Originally, the district was known as Daryabad district because its headquarters were at Daryabad, but in 1859 they were relocated to Barabanki. The name “Barabanki” was chosen for the district’s official name over “Nawabganj”, then the more common name of the town, for two reasons: first, to avoid any possible confusion with other places called Nawabganj, and second, because the civil station was technically located outside of Nawabganj in the small revenue village of Barabanki. Previously, under the Nawabs of Awadh, the area that would become Barabanki district was divided between five chaklas: Daryabad-Rudauli, Ramnagar, Dewa-Jahangirabad, Jagdispur, and Haidargarh.

Early history and legends

Barabanki district is mostly within what was the Pachhimrath divisionBOOK,books.google.com/books?id=L3MoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA34, Gazetteer of the province of Oudh, Oudh, William Charles Benett, 30 December 2013, Printed at the Oudh Government Press, 34, 1878, of the kingdom of Rama.BOOK, Henry Crossley Irwin, The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs,books.google.com/books?id=ON_NTrHBs80C, October 2009, BiblioBazaar, 978-1-115-53816-9, (File:parijat-tree-at-Kintoor-Barabanki-001.jpg|thumb|right|Parijat tree at Kintoor, Barabanki)Parijaat tree is a protected baobab tree in the village of Kintoor, and is considered sacred to Hindus.BOOK, The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia,archive.org/details/baobabspachycaul00wick_929, limited, Wickens, Gerald E., Pat Lowe, 2008, Springer Science+Business Media, 978-1-4020-6430-2, 61, Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadeva temple (established by Kunti), the tree is said to grow from Kunti’s ashes.BOOK, Bend in the Sarayu: A Soota Chronicle, Kameshwar, G., 2006, Rupa & Co., 978-81-291-0942-2, 159, The tree is very old, though its age has not been scientifically determined.BOOK, Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Bara Banki, 1993, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 7625267, 21, Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe, is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which later became Barabanki.

Medieval India

File:Muharram (Ta’ziya) procession Barabanki India (Jan 2009).jpg|thumb|right|Indian Shia Muslims take out a Ta’ziya procession on day of Ashura in Barabanki, IndiaIndiaMuslim Infiltration was first tried in what is now the district at Satrikh, in 1030 AD (421 AH). The Muslim conquest saw Sihali attacked and its Hindu sovereign killed, ]. Bhar-Pasi chief Raja Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet and Rathor monarch Sri Chandradeo of Kannauj fought a battle in Satrikh village of the district and drove out the Foreign Muslim Army in the Battle of Bahraich.In 1049 AD (441 AH), the kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were again attacked but the foreigners were defeated and driven away from Oudh. The Muslim invasion was not successful in Bara Banki as elsewhere. After, Tarain 1192, Moslems again attacked this region and Ayodhya but were not very successful till the reign of Khiljis and Firoz Tuglaq.The foreigners followed a policy of religious persecution and conversions. They also settled many foreigners and gave them fertile tracts in Ramnagar, Daryabad, Zaidpur, Rudauli areas.{{cn|date=February 2024}}From 1350 to about 1750 AD, Muslim immigrants settled in great number in the district. The Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.BOOK, George Smith, The Geography of British India, Political & Physical,archive.org/details/bub_gb_C20DAAAAQAAJ, 1882, John Murray, 185, Rudauli was occupied {{circa|700 AH}}, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had destroyed nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD. Daryabad was founded about 1444 AD by Dariab Khan Subahdar and his brother Fateh Khan colonised. Fatehpur. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied and became large estates until about the middle of the fifteenth century.Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims, there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Singh had large properties, with a possible capital at Bado Sarai on the old bank of the Ghagra.The wars had by then shifted to fighting between Muslim princes, with Hindu soldiers employed. The battleground was the Oudh borderland between Sharqis of Jaunpur (where Ibrahim Shah Shargi reigned) and the Lodis of Delhi. Dariab Khan settled Hindu soldiers as garrisons. Oudh clans, said to have emigrated from Gujarat, included the Kalhans, the Ahban, the Pan war, the Gahlot, the Gaur, and the Bais.The isolated Suryavanshi estate of Haraha and the Sombanshi Bahrelia estate of Surajpur were established by small colonies of Kshatriya foot-steps soldiers.

Mughal era (1526–1732)

During Akbar’s reign, the district was divided under the sirkars of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.WEB,barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm,www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20010421061033www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20010421061033www.barabanki.nic.in/introduction.htm, dead, 21 April 2001, barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT, Barabanki.nic.in, 30 December 2013, Ain-i-Akbari mentions the following parganas (administrative units) during the reign of the Akbar:BOOK, Oudh (India),books.google.com/books?id=L3MoAAAAYAAJ&q=Pachhimrath&pg=PA34, Gazetteer of the Province of Oudh ...: N-Z, 1878, Printed at the Oudh Government Press, en, {{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}{| class=“wikitable”! Number! Muhals of Ain-i-Akbari! Parganas as of 1878! Sarkars of Ain-i-Akbari| 1| Ibrahimabad| Ibrahimabad| Oudh| 2| Basorhi| Basorhi| Oudh| 3| Bakteha| Baksaha| Oudh| 4| Daryabad| Daryabad| Oudh| 5| Rudauli| Rudauli| Oudh| 6| Sailuk| Sailuk| Oudh| 7| Subeha| Subeha| Oudh| 8| Satrikh| Satrikh| Oudh| 9| Bhitauli| Bhitauli| Lucknow| 10| Dewa| Dewa| Lucknow| 11| Kumbhi| Dewa| Lucknow| 12| Kursi| Kursi| Lucknow| 13| Kahanjra| Kursi| Lucknow| 14| Siddhaur| Siddhaur| Lucknow| 15| Sidhipur| Siddhaur| Lucknow| 16| Sihali| Khiron| Lucknow| 17| Bhilwal| Haidergarh| Manikpur

Nawabs of Awadh (1732–1856)

{{overly detailed|section|date=July 2020}}Newal Rae, the naib of wazir Safdar Jang, was defeated and killed at the Kali river by the Bangash Afghans of Farukhabad, who then overran the province except a few of the fortified towns. In 1749 AD, Jang with an army of 60,000 men was defeated. The Mughal authority might have been overthrown had the Oudh Chhattris revolted at this time, but they waited until Jang had bribed or beaten the Rohillas out of the country in 1750 AD (1164 AH).The tribes gathered themselves together under the leadership of Raja Anup Singh of Ramnagar Dhameri, the Janwar of Balrampur, the Bisens of Gonda, and numerous other lords. The forces assembled for an attack on Lucknow, whose troops had gone into Rohilkhand. The Shekhzadas of Lucknow came out to meet the enemy, joined by the Khanziidas of Mahmudabad and Bilahra, who were connected with them by marriage.The Musalmans, headed by Nawab Muizz-ud-din Khan of Mahmudabad, were victorious in battle at Chheola Ghat on the Kalyani, on the road to Lucknow. The Balrampur raja was killed and some 15,000 were killed or wounded on both sides. The Khanzadas then rose to power. The Raikwars were proportionately depressed; the estates of both Baundi and Ramnagar were divided, and but a few villages left with the raja. The process of agglomeration commenced again {{circa|1816}}, on the death of Saadat Ali Khan II. In 1856, the Ramnagar raja had recovered the family estate and added to it, while his brother of Baundi had similarly added 172 villages to his domain.There were a total forty-three taluqa. The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:

• Taluqa of Ramnagar – The large property of 253 villages belonged to Raja Sarabjit Singh. The raja was the head of the Raikwar clan, which immigrated to Oudh from the hill country of Kashmir {{circa|1400}}.
• Taluqa of Haraha – Owned by Raja Narindr Bahadur, the head of the Surajbans Thakurs. He was the son of Raja Chbatarpat Singh, and both were afflicted with mental incapacity. The estate consisted of sixty-six villages and paid a revenue of {{INR|55,000}}. Certain members of the Raja’s family held the estates of Ranimau Qiampur in a separate qubuliat{{clarify|date=July 2020}} in the Nawabi, and thus escaped being placed under the taluqdar’s sanad.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}
• Taluqa of Surajpur – This estate comprised fifty-six villages. The proprietor was Udatt Partab Singh, the head of Bahrelia. He was mentally and physically unfit to manage his estate, but so long as his maternal grandfather, Udatt Narain, lived there was no fear of under-proprietors, tenants or patwaris defrauding the family.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
• Taluqa of Jahangirabad – The taluqdar was a Qidwai Sheikh, Raja Farzand Ali Khan. He inherited the property through marriage to the daughter of Raja Razzaq Bakhsh.
• The late Raja Singji was a formidable and violent landholder until he was attacked by Maharaja Man Singh with Captain Orr of the British company’s frontier police. They killed almost 70 of his inmate robbers. He was captured and taken prisoner to Lucknow, where he died in jail. Many of his inmate robbers escaped and migrated to neighbouring districts. It was mainly owing to the bad example set by Singji that the Daryabad district was so turbulent under the native government, that amils and chaklas were to use a native expression unable to breathe in it (Nak Mein Dam Karta Tha).{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}}
• Farzand Ali was the inspector in charge of the Sikandarbagh at Lucknow. On one occasion of the last king of Oudh visiting the garden, he was struck with the appearance of this young man, and presenting him with a khilat, directed him to attend at the palace.{{relevance inline|date=July 2020}} With such a signal mark of the royal favour, Farzand Ali’s advancement was rapid, and, under the interest of the influential eunuch, Bashir-ud-daula, he obtained a farman designating him the Raja of Jahangirabad. This taluqdar followed the deposed king to Calcutta and was there during the mutinies. Raja Farzand Ali was very intelligent and well able to manage his estate with prudence and circumspection.
• Taluqa of Barai – Chaudhri Ghulam Farid, a Siddiqi Shekh, was the largest landholder of the Rudauli tahsil. He owned thirty-nine villages. In the settlement at annexation, he gave half of the estate to the children of his cousin, Mumtaz Ahmad.
• Taluqas of Rudauli and parganas of Bhitauli, Daryabad and Surajpur were other important settlements.

Few other later important taluqas were:

• Taluqa of Usmanpur – Founded by Raja Kaunsal Singh, who obtained the estate for military service under the Mughal Emperor Humayun. His son Lakhan Singh converted to Islam, and took the name Lakhu Khan.WEB,medium.com/@khalid.afzal67/history-of-bisen-khanzada-community-in-awadh-region-33884696b9d7, History of Bisen Khanzada Community in Awadh region, 18 October 2018,
• Taluqas of Satrikh – This estate comprised 85 villages. It had been ruled by the Chaudharys, descendants of the original Usmanis who immigrated to Oudh in the early part of the millennium. They were dispossessed for resistance to the British during the 1857 rebellion, and Satrikh estate was ruled by Taluqdar Qazi {{a.k.a.}} Kazi Ikram Ahmad.

Rebellion of 1857

Unlike what occurred in the districts of Hardoi, Gonda, and Lucknow, the whole body of the taluqdars in this district joined the cause of the deposed king and the mutineers. They offered no resistance, however, of any moment to the advance of the British troops after the capture of Lucknow in the battle of Nawabganj.

British Raj (1858–1947)

{{overly detailed|section|date=July 2020|This is of very little interest and should be summarised here, with possible other notes under administration.}}The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad. However, due to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters was moved in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district By Francis Edward A. Chamier, Settlement Officer, Bara Banki, 18 January 1871 {{PD-notice}}During 1869 census of Oudh, thirteen large towns or kasbahs were identified in the district:BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=t_4IAAAAQAAJ&q=kintoor&pg=RA1-PR5, The report on the census of OUDH], Volume II, Appendices and Statistical Tables, Appendix B, v, J. Charles, Williams, Oudh Government Press, 1869, {{PD-notice}}Nawabgunj,Musauli,Rasauli,Satrikh,Zaidpur,Sidhaur,Dariabad,Ichaulia,Rudauli,Ram Nagar,Bado Sarai,Kintoor andFatehpur. The census also noted the following were tahsils and parganas:{| class=“wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”! Tahsil! ParganaNawaba Ganj| Nawabganj|Patabganj|Satrikh|SidhaurRam Nagar| Ramnagar|Bhitouli|Bado Sarai|Fatehpur|MohammedpurSani Ghat| Dariabad|Surajpur|Mawai Mahulara|BarsorhiIn 1870, before the addition of two parganas from Lucknow (i.e. Kursi & Dewa) and one pargana each from Rae Bareli and Sultanpur (i.e. Haidergarh and Subeha, respectively), Bara Banki district had area of {{convert|1285|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} and had following subdivisions:{{page needed|date=July 2020}}{| class=“wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed” valign=top!rowspan=2| Tahsil(subdistrict)!rowspan=2| Pargana!rowspan=2| No. of Villages!colspan=3| Area! rowspan=2|Major Talukas & Talukdars valign=top! sq miles! km2! acresNawabaganj| Nawabganj 7750,484sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}I.— Jehangirabad, Raja Farzand Ali Khan II.— Sohailpur Bhanmau, Mir Buniad Husen and Amjad Husen. III.— Satrikh, Kazi Sarfraz Ali. IV.— Simrawan, Bissein Thakur Sheo Sahai. V.— Shahpur, Ghulam Abbas and Mahomed Amir. VI.— Gaddia, Shekh Zainulabdin. VII.— Usmanpur, Thakurain Zahur-un-nissa.| Partabganj 5435,834sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Satrikh 4329,358sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Siddhaur 22490,377sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} Daryabad-Rudauli (later named to Ram Sanehi Ghat)| Daryabad 241136,931sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}I.— Surajpur Raja Udatpertab Singh, Burhelia Thakur. II.— Haraha, Raja Narindur Bahadur, Surajbans Thakur. III.— Kamiar, Shere Bahadur, Kalhans Thakur. IV.— Rampur, Rai Ibram Bali, Kaisth. V.— Saidanpur, Latafat-ullah and Inayat-ullah. VI.— Nirauli, Chaudhri Husen Baksh. VII.— Amirpur, Inayat Rassul. VIII.— Purai, Mahomed Abid.IX.- Daryabad, Rai Rajeshwar Bali.| Surajpur 10761,645sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Rudauli 196110,553sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Mawai 5145,469sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Barsorhi 4421,958sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} Ramnagar| Ramnagar 16871,756sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}I.— Ramnagar, Raja Sarabjit Singh, Raikwar Thakur. II.— Bilheri, Raja Ibad Ali. III.— Mahmudabad, Raja Amir Hussan Khan. IV.— Bhatwamau, Badshah Husen Khanzada. V.— Muhammadpur, Ganga Singh, Raikwar.| Fatehpur 25198,532sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Muhammadpur 8339,568sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Bado Sarai 5630,541sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} style="background: #ffffcc” Total 1,595323,011sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}In 1871 about half the district was held by 43 talukdars; there were also 5,397 village zemindars (landowners), and 1,354 under-proprietors. The talukas were as follows:{{page needed|date=July 2020}}{| class=“wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed” valign=top! rowspan=2| Name of Taluka! rowspan=2| Name of Talukdar! rowspan=2| No. of Villages! colspan=3| Area valign=top! sq miles! km2! acres valign=top| Ramnagar| Raja Sarabjit Singh 358108,286sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Huraha| Raja Nurindur Bahadur Singh 6629,960sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Bhanmau| Mir Umjad Hosein 105,233sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Jehagerabad| Raja Farzand Ali Khan 7222,751sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Surajpur| Raja Talaywand Koer 6436,388sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Mahmudabad| Raja Amir Hassan Khan 8928,680sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Man Singh| Maharaja Man Singh 1613,009sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Malaraiganj| Nawab Ali Khan 113,235sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Shahabpur| Mahomed Amir and Gholam Abbas 83,578sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Simrawan| Thakur Sheosahai 84,188sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Sohailpur| Mir Umjad Hosein 82,458sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Ushdamow| Panday Bahadur Singh 163,684sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Usmanpur| Thakur Roushan Zama Khan 257,325sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Kharkha| Mahomed Hosein 104,593sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Guddia| Shaikh Zainulabdin 121,933sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Satrikh| Kazi Ikram Ahmed 859,420sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Gootiah| Hakim Kurrum Ali 135,549sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Subeha| Surfaraz Ahmed 1564sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Sulaunpur| Nawab Ali Khan 63,892sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Kotwa| Abid Ali 1331sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Motree| Bhugwant singh 11,040sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Tribadiganj| Raja Thakurpershad Tribadi 2813sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Lillowly| Buxshee Harpershad 112,510sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Nurhowl| Shaik Boo Ali 31,465sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Mirpur| Nusserudeen 42,416sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Baytowly| Maharaja Runbir Singh 53,535sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Rampur| Thakur Gooman Singh 1357sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Jubrahpur| Thakur Ruder Pratab Singh 2700sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Bilharrah| Raja Ibad Ali Khan 4115,838sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Muhammadpur| Thakur Ganga Singh 264,981sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Bhatwamau| Badsha Hasan Khan 238,459sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}| Rampur| Rai Ibram Balli 3513,571sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Kumyar| Shere Bahadur 1013,430sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Sydanpur| Latafat-ul-lah and Mayet-ul-lah 135,428sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Pushka| Naipal Singh 42,129sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Raneemau| Outar Singh 145,687sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Nurrowly| Chaudhri Razah Husain 4523,157sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Barrai| Chaudhri Gholam Farid and Mahboob-ul-Rahamn 4616,039sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Purai| Meer mahomaed Abid 146,722sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Amirpur| Chaudhri Ishan Russul 134,557sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Burrowly| Chaudhri Wazeer Ali 253,871sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Nearah| Shere Khan 132,993sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top| Retch| Raghunath Singh 12,183sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}} valign=top style="background: #ffffcc”Total 1,1584,36,574sqmi km2order=flip|disp=table}}In 1877, Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.BOOK, Irwin, Henry Crossley,books.google.com/books?id=ON_NTrHBs80C&q=Barabanki, The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs, October 2009, BiblioBazaar, 978-1-115-53816-9, en, Its area was {{convert|1768|sqmi|km2|abbr=on|order=flip}} and population was 1,113,430.As per 1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh there were:

• Four tehsils:
  • Nawabganj
  • Ram Sanehi Ghat
  • Fatehpur
  • Haidergarh
• Nine thanas:
  • Nawabganj
  • Zaidpur
  • Tikaitnagar
  • Sanehi Ghat
  • Bhilsar
  • Fatehpur
  • Kursi
  • Ramnagar
  • Haidergarh
• Courts, following were officers with civil, criminal and revenue powers:
  • a deputy commissioner
  • two assistant commissioner
  • three extra assistant commissioner
  • four tehsildars
  • four honorary magistrates

Independence movement

In the struggle for independence from 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement, the district participated in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.WEB,www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/barabanki-9567077.html, छोटे-बड़े आंदोलनों में सहभागी बने थे बाराबंकीवासी (Hindi), Dainik Jagran, 13 August 2012, 16 August 2012, On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj ({{a.k.a.}} Sardar) planted a bomb in a police outpost at Barabanki, known as Barabanki Outpost Bomb Case.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=PExuAAAAMAAJ&q=%2226th+October%2C+1942%22, Quit India movement in U.P.: sabotage, bomb, and conspiracy cases, NP Publishers, 1992, 30 June 2013, Rakesh Ranjan Bakshi, 45,

Geography

Barabanki district is for the most part flat agricultural lands studded with groves. The most elevated point is about {{convert|430|ft|m|order=flip}} above sea level, and there are few points of view from which any expanse of the countryside can be surveyed. In the north, the topography is broken by a {{convert|20|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} ridge running parallel to the Ghaghra at a distance of {{convert|1|to|3|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}}, which is said to indicate the former right bank of this river. These lands are undulating and richly wooded, while to the south there is a gentle slope down to the Gomti. The district is intersected at various parts by rugged ravines.

Rivers and waters

Ghaghra

The principal river in the district is the Ghaghra at a short distance from Bahramghat; it is formed by the Himalaya-fed rivers Chauka and Sarda, which meet in the Fatehpur tehsil. It is {{convert|1.5|to|2|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide in the rainy season and about {{convert|0.5|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} wide during the dry season, when the discharge is about {{convert|19000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. For {{convert|48|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}}, the river divides the Barabanki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Ayodhya, and empties into the Ganges at Arrah. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat, and is used by country boats in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; a floating bridge operates at Bahramghat during the cold season. The river’s flood plains generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilised for irrigation.

Gomti

Next in importance is the Gomti, which runs through the tahsil of Haidargarh and some portion of the tehsil Ram Sanehi Ghat, and separates the Bara Banki district from the districts of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Faizabad. Like the Ghagra, it runs in a south-easterly direction, has a well-defined bank and a stream which is fordable in the dry weather, when it is about {{convert|120|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} wide. The circuitous course of the Gomti covers {{convert|105|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} though the direct distance is half that distance. It is therefore not very efficient for transportation, though there is considerable traffic by country boats. Its dry weather discharge is {{convert|500|cuft/s|m3/s|order=flip}}. Its water is at a lower level than the Ghagra, and it is not used for irrigation. At the junction of the Kalyani, the Ghagra is only {{convert|301|ft|m|order=flip}} above sea level.

Kalyani

The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and empties into the Gomti near the village of Anarpatti. In the rains of 1872, the Kalyani presented a vast volume of water – {{convert|269|ft|m|order=flip}} broad and {{convert|337|ft|m|order=flip}} deep – rushing at {{convert|5.74|mph|order=flip|abbr=on}} with a discharge of {{convert|51540|cuft/s|m3/s|order=flip}}. In typical monsoons, the maximum discharge is about three-quarters of this. The river is crossed by a railway bridge with six spans of {{convert|60|ft|m|order=flip}}.

Jamuriha and Reth

(File:Jamuriya Nala at Railway Station Road Bridge Barabanki.jpg|thumb|left|View of Jamuriya Nala (a brook) from Railway Station Road Bridge, Barabanki. This brook flows through Barabanki city, dividing it in half.)File:Reth river Barabanki.jpg|thumb|View of Reth river in Barabanki cityBarabanki cityThe Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other notable streams in this district. Their general characteristics are the same: they have significant flows during rains which have carved steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines. They flow into the Gomti. Haidergarh, Deviganj, Choury and Alapur are settlements on the Reth, while Jamuriha passes through Barabanki city (Barabanki revenue village on one side and Nawabganj Tehsil hq on other).

Tanks, jheels and wetlands

There are numerous tanks and jheels,{{clarify|date=July 2020}} especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, earth is removed to replenishing cultivated land, though such efforts are complicated by conflicting rights to the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district,{{according to whom|date=July 2020}} that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Suratganj; it covers less than {{convert|2|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} There is another in Dewa, covering about {{convert|5|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}} with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the major wetlands.

The Gomti-Kalyani doab

This doab is a fertile area of about {{convert|146,526|ha|abbr=on}}. It is bounded by the Kalyani river to the north, the Gomti river and its tributary to the south, the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel to the west, and the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers to the east.WEB,gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18(2).pdf, Restoration Plan of Gomti River with Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water Quality based on River Expedition, Monitoring and Quality Assessment, 30 December 2013, dead,gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18%282%29.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20131230232344gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18%282%29.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20131230232344gangapedia.iitk.ac.in/sites/default/files/issue-18%282%29.pdf, 30 December 2013, bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/123456789/583/1/2.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20130609134552bhagirathi.iitr.ac.in/dspace/bitstream/123456789/583/1/2.pdf">Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach, XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008

Demographics

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,25,624|13=1911|14=9,42,608|15=1921|16=8,95,722|17=1931|18=9,25,401|19=1941|20=10,11,287|21=1951|22=10,99,754|23=1961|24=12,34,931|25=1971|26=14,24,536|27=1981|28=17,40,799|29=1991|30=21,12,782|31=2001|32=26,73,581|33=2011|34=32,60,699|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:WEB,www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html, Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901, 4 February 2020, dead, 11 February 2020,www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20200211022459www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html,">web.archive.org/web/20200211022459www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html, |align=center}}According to the 2011 census, Barabanki district had a population of 3,260,699.WEB, 2011, District Census Handbook: Barabanki,censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1182/download/3742/DH_2011_0945_PART_A_DCHB_BARA_BANKI.pdf, censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, It then ranked 107th out of India’s 640 districts). The district had a population density of {{convert|740|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 26.40%. Barabanki had a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 61.75%. Only 10.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 26.51% of the population.

Religion

{{bar boxURL=HTTPS://CENSUSINDIA.GOV.IN/NADA/INDEX.PHP/CATALOG/11394/DOWNLOAD/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLSPUBLISHER=REGISTRAR GENERAL AND CENSUS COMMISSIONER OF INDIA, |titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=left|bars={{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|76.84}}{{bar percent|Islam|green|22.61}}{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.55}}|caption=Distribution of religions}}Hinduism is the largest religion. Islam is a large minority, and is in equal proportions with Hinduism in urban areas.

Languages

{{Pie chart|caption = Languages of Barabanki district (2011)Hindi >value1 = 91.54 |color1 = orangeUrdu >value2 = 6.16 |color2 = greenAwadhi language>Awadhi color3 = indianredvalue4 = 0.19 |color4 = grey|thumb=right}}At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.54% of the district population spoke Hindi (or a related language), 6.16% Urdu and 2.11% Awadhi as their first language.WEB, Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh,censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10224/download/13336/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX, www.censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, One of the many languages spoken in the district is Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region of India.ENCYCLOPEDIA, M. Paul Lewis, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Awadhi: A language of India,www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=awa, 28 September 2011, 16th, 2009, SIL International, Dallas, Texas,

Government and politics

Administration and divisions

{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}(File:Barabanki DMO.jpg|thumb|Office of District Magistrate/Collector)(File:Barabanki HPO.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Head Post Office)(File:Barabanki Kotwaali.jpg|thumb|Barabanki Kotwaali)Barabanki is one of the five constituent districts of Faizabad Division. The other districts being Ayodhya, Sultanpur, Amethi and Ambedkar Nagar. The division is headed by the divisional commissioner.As of 2003–04, the district contained 7 tehsils, 17 blocks, 154 nyaya panchayat and 1,140 gram sabhas.WEB,www.whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php, District Barabanki, Whereincity.com, 7 April 1905, 30 December 2013, dead,whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20130912170737whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php,">web.archive.org/web/20130912170737whereincity.com/india/uttar-pradesh/ballia.php, 12 September 2013, As per 1991 data, there were 1,812 inhabited villages and 31 inhabited villages.{{clarify|date=July 2020}}In 2001, there were 14 towns and cities, 2 nagar palika parishads, 1 cantonment area, 10 nagar panchayats and 1 census town.

Land administration

Barabanki District is divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as tehsils: Nawabganj, Fatehpur, Ramsanehi Ghat, Haidergarh, Ram Nagar and Sirauli Ghauspur. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with the office at the collectorate, and these tehsils are under the charge of sub-divisional magistrates.

Development

District-level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer whose office is at the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) at the collectorate. The district-level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.{{clarify|date=July 2020}} Block development officers, who head each of the 15 development blocks of the district, carry out the development schemes on behalf of the government. The development blocks are: Banki, Masauli, Dewa, Harakh, Fatehpur, Haidergarh, Dariyabad, Suratganj, Siddhaur, Pure Dalai, Nindura, Trivediganj, Ram Nagar, Sirauli Ghauspur and Banikodar.

Law and order

The law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 police stations (thanas), each of which is headed by an inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 police stations are rural and 9 are rural.{{clarify|date=July 2020}} These police stations are: Haidergarh, Satrikh, Dariyabad, Baddupur, Dewa, Kursi, Zaidpur, Mohammadpur, Ram Nagar, Fatehpur, Safderganj, Kotwali, Ramsanehi Ghat, Asandra, Subeha, Tikait Nagar, Lonikatra, Masauli, Kothi, Ghungter, Badosarai and Jahangirabad

Urban

The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for its towns, which are:

• Nawabganj Nagar Parishad for Barabanki Town
• Fatehpur Nagar Panchayat for Fatehpur Town Area
• Zaidpur Nagar Panchayat for Zaidpur Town Area
• Dariyabad Nagar Panchaya for Dariyabad Town Area
• Ramnagar Nagar Panchayat for Ramnagar Town Area
• Satrikh Nagar Panchayat for Satrikh Town Area
• Haidergarh Nagar Panchayat for Haidergarh Town Area
• Dewa Nagar Panchayat for Dewa Town Area
• Siddhaur Nagar Panchayat for Siddhaur Town Area
• Tikaitnagar Nagar Panchayat for Tikaitnagar Town Area
• Rudauli Nagar Parishad for Rudauli Town
• Banki Nagar Panchayat for Banki Town Area
• Cantonment Board for Cantonment Area in Barabanki
• Rampur Bhavanipur Census Town
• Subeha Nagar panchayat for Subeha town (effective 2008)

Electoral

{{anchor|List of electoral constituencies of Barabanki district}}

Parliament and state assembly

Barabanki district has seven state-assembly constituencies which fall under two parliamentary constituencies. They are:{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center; border:1px solid black;” style="background:#9cf;“! {{abbr|No.|number}}! No of Assembly Constituency! Name of Assembly Constituency! Assembly Constituency Reservation Status! Total Booths in Assembly Constituency! Net Voters in Assembly Constituency! No of Parliamentary Constituency! Name of Parliamentary Constituency! Parliamentary Constituency Reservation Status! Net Voters in Parliamentary Constituency! Ref| 1| 266Kursi Assembly constituency>Kursi| General| 343| 29503053BarabankiScheduled castes (SC)1,435,692PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 2| 267Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency>Ram Nagar| General| 323| 260,400PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 3| 268Barabanki Assembly constituency>Barabanki| General| 322| 289,765PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 4| 269Zaidpur Assembly constituency>Zaidpur| SC| 359| 302,189PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 5| 272Haidergarh Assembly constituency>Haidergarh| SC| 327| 288308PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 6| 270Dariyabad(Vidhan Sabha constituency)>Dariyabad| General| 337| 304,07354Faizabad (partial)General150,6120PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013, | 7| 271Rudauli Assembly constituency>Rudauli (partial)| General| 304| 282,890PUBLISHER=CEOUTTARPRADESH.NIC.IN, 30 December 2013,

State assembly

Sitting {{abbr|MLAs|members of legislative assembly}} (As of 2021):WEB,barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm, Political Scene of the district, Barabanki.nic.in, 30 December 2013, dead,barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20140316145553barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20140316145553barabanki.nic.in/politics.htm, 16 March 2014,

• Sakendra Pratap Verma, 266-Kursi, BJP
• Sharad Kumar Awasthi, 267-Ramnagar, BJP
• Dharamraj Singh Yadav, 268-Barabanki, SP
• Upendra Singh, 269-Zaidpur, BJP
• Baijnath Rawat, 272-Haidergarh, BJP
• Satish Chandra Sharma, 270-Dariyabad, BJP

State council

Barabanki district sends two members to state-council. Sitting members are:

1. Rajesh Yadav “Raju”
2. Ram Naresh Rawat

Basic amenities

{{overly detailed|date=July 2020}}Following is the list of public amenities (1999–2002 data):

Communication services

• Urban Post Office 26
• Rural Post Office 339
• Telegraph Office 19
• Telephone Connections 25691

Public distribution system

• Rural fair-price shops 1094
• Urban fair-price shops 118
• Bio-gas plants 4645
• Cold storage 16

Electricity

• Total electrified villages 1103
• Total electrified towns/cities 13
• Electrified Schedule Caste localities 1149

Water supply

Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:

• Village 1812
• Towns/city 14

Economy

The district’s economy is primarily based on agriculture.WEB,cgwb.gov.in/nr/hydro/dist16.pdf, Introduction BARABANKI DISTRICT, 30 December 2013, dead,cgwb.gov.in/nr/hydro/dist16.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20120226175322cgwb.gov.in/nr/hydro/dist16.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20120226175322cgwb.gov.in/nr/hydro/dist16.pdf, 26 February 2012, Agriculture, bio-gas plants, animal husbandry, and small-scale industries provide direct and indirect employment.WEB,iisdindia.org/rural_development.html, Rural Development, Iisdindia.org, 30 December 2013, dead,iisdindia.org/rural_development.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130917121205iisdindia.org/rural_development.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130917121205iisdindia.org/rural_development.html, 17 September 2013, WEB,typo3.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fsn/docs/Success_story_India.pdf, Success story of a project implemented in 4 blocks of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. India for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System, dead,typo3.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fsn/docs/Success_story_India.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110726165342typo3.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fsn/docs/Success_story_India.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110726165342typo3.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fsn/docs/Success_story_India.pdf, 26 July 2011,

Agriculture

(File:Bara Banki district, Uttar Pradesh, India.jpg|right|thumb|Farmer with bullock cart)In Barabanki the net irrigated area is 84.2% (compared to the Uttar Pradesh average of 79%). The intensity{{clarify|date=July 2020}} of irrigation in Barabanki is 176.9% (compared to the state average of 140%). Most of irrigation in Barabanki is done through private tube wells (69%) and canals (30%).Subsistence agriculture is practised in Barabanki, with up to five crops rotated per year.A Full Round Meal, Outlook India, Business/Cover Stories, 13 April 2009 The dominant crops are cereals (occupying 68.4 per cent of cropped areas), mainly paddy (rice) (34.4%) and wheat (31.3%). Other crops include pulses (10.1%) and sugarcane 3.6%), and potatoesWEB,www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/potato-glut-price-slump-lead-to-losses-for-up-farmers/story-Qj3ywUuHBFfVp3ucnvaORN.html, Potato glut, price slump lead to losses for UP farmers, 6 March 2017, Hindustan Times, 4 February 2020, (2.8%). Wheat, rice and maize are chief food crops of the district.WEB,www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf, Use of mint essential oil as an agrichemical: Control of N-loss in crop fields by using mint essential oil-coated urea as fertilizer, 10 October 2006, 4 February 2020,www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20061010162118www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20061010162118www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252001/1526.pdf, 10 October 2006, WEB,www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html, Sub-programme on Maize-based Cropping Systems for Food Security in India under GOI-UNDP Food Security Programme, dead,www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080807175303www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080807175303www.agriculture-industry-india.com/agro-programme-schemes/technology-mission-fsp.html, 7 August 2008, Opium, menthol oil, sugarcane, fruits (mango, banana, etc.), vegetables (potato, tomato, mushroom, etc.), flowers (gladiolus, etc.), spices, etc. are the chief cash cropsUP district to emerge as menthol oil hub, 8 September 2008, 5:41 ISTarticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-26/lucknow/28278209_1_opium-cultivation-new-licences-cbn" title="web.archive.org/web/20110811091225articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-26/lucknow/28278209_1_opium-cultivation-new-licences-cbn">Low Returns And A Rigid Govt Policy Alienating Opium Farmers Of Barabanki, TNN, 26 July 2010, 05.18 am ISTSTATEMENT OF AEZ NODAL OFFICERS (UPDATED) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724070708www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/DOCS/A-4/agriculture.pdf |date=24 July 2011 }}, The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)WEB,www.zpdicarkanpur.org.in/downloads/farmerst-list(Zone-IV)-2.pdf, List of Progressive/Innovative Farmers of Zone-IV, Kanpur, {{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}IISR Newsletter {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170001www.iisr.nic.in/NewsLetterJuly2009.pdf |date=21 July 2011 }}, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SUGARCANE RESEARCH, LUCKNOW, Vol. 16 No. 2, JULY 2009Traditionally a Potato growing area becomes a new leaf for Gen. Nxt. “BANANA CROP” {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222024807laloo.instablogs.com/entry/traditionally-a-potato-growing-area-becomes-a-new-leaf-for-gen-nxt-banana-crop |date=22 December 2009 }}, SPSingh, Ghaziabad: 15 November 2009 for export. Barabanki has been major hub of opium production since British rule; the district opium officer, based at Afeem Kothi, is the only one in the state.WEB,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Mindless-rule-dues-up-UPs-sea-of-poppies/articleshow/50003995.cms, Mindless rule dues up UP’s sea of poppies | Lucknow News - Times of India, The Times of India, 21 February 2020, Barabanki leads the country in menthol farming, with {{convert|20000|acre|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} under cultivation.{{citation|doi=10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00113-3|title=Characteristics of menthol mint Mentha arvensis cultivated on industrial scale in the Indo-Gangetic plains|journal=Industrial Crops and Products|volume=15|issue=3|pages=189–198|year=2002|last1=Srivastava|first1=R.K.|last2=Singh|first2=A.K.|last3=Kalra|first3=A.|last4=Tomar|first4=V.K.S.|last5=Bansal|first5=R.P.|last6=Patra|first6=D.D.|last7=Chand|first7=S.|last8=Naqvi|first8=A.A.|last9=Sharma|first9=S.|last10=Kumar|first10=Sushil}}WEB,www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm, ficciagroindia.com, www.ficciagroindia.com, 21 February 2020, 20 December 2016,www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20161220081533www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20161220081533www.ficciagroindia.com/aic/general/menthol.htm, dead, Apart from crop farming, livestock-based farming,WEB,www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf, Holistic Approach for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P., dead,www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20110721180912www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20110721180912www.naip.icar.org.in/downloads/Summary/C3_IVRI.pdf, 21 July 2011, broiler farming, and fish cultivation is also prevalent in the district. Bee keeping is practised in the Dewa block of the district.The district is home to a Regional Agriculture Seed Testing & Demonstration Station of the federal Department of Agriculture.WEB,seednet.gov.in/Material/SeedTestingLabs.htm, Seed Testing Labs in India, seednet.gov.in, 21 February 2020, In 2004, a Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK, agricultural science centre) was established in the district under Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology.Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand - Krishi Vigyan Kendra{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Institute for Integrated Society Development established a Rural Technology Development and Dissemination Centre in 2002 at Nindura Block of Barabanki District. National Fertilizers Limited has established a Soil Testing Lab in the district.WEB,www.nationalfertilizers.com/offices2.htm,www.nationalfertilizers.com/offices2.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110218081340www.nationalfertilizers.com/offices2.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110218081340www.nationalfertilizers.com/offices2.htm, dead, National Fertilizers Limited, 18 February 2011, www.nationalfertilizers.com, 4 February 2020, Information and Communication Technologies has a centre in the district.WEB,info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/51025/ZipAgExtension1/ag_extension1/Materials/May6Session2/ITapplications-Agriwatch.pdf, Server Error, info.worldbank.org, 21 February 2020,

Cottage industry

• Handicrafts industryWEB,wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf,wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20101201041558wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20101201041558wcd.nic.in/projsanc/step22-24dec09.pdf, dead, Recommendation of the Project Sanctioning Committee (PSC) on the Project Proposals Considered in the Meeting Held on 22-24 December 2009 Under Step Scheme, 1 December 2010, 4 February 2020,
• Handloom industryWEB,www.barabankihandloom.com/, Pashmina Shawls Manufacturers, Exporter of Pashmina Shawls, Pure Pashmina Shawls Suppliers, India, www.barabankihandloom.com, 30 April 2022,

• Embroidery,

Industry

There are six industrial areas in the District Barabanki,WEB,dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Barabanki%20JNS%20Yadav%20AD%20EI.pdf, Brief Industrial Profile of Barabanki District, Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India, 4 July 2013, MSME-DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, KANPUR, 12 June 2013,www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Barabanki%20JNS%20Yadav%20AD%20EI.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20130612092041www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Barabanki%20JNS%20Yadav%20AD%20EI.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20130612092041www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/DIP%20Barabanki%20JNS%20Yadav%20AD%20EI.pdf, dead,

• UPSIDC Agro Park, Kursi Road, BarabankiWEB,upsidc.com/agropark.htm, Agro Parks, upsidc.com, 26 November 2016,www.upsidc.com/agropark.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20161130203444www.upsidc.com/agropark.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20161130203444www.upsidc.com/agropark.htm, 30 November 2016, dead,
• Industrial Area, Dewa Road, Barabanki
• Industrial Area, Rasool Panah, Fatehpur, Barabanki
• Mini Industrial Area, Ismailpur, Dewa, Barabanki
• Mini Industrial Area Amarsanda, Barabanki
• Mini Industrial Area Sohilpur, Harkh, Barabanki

The companies and factories include:

• India PolyFibres LimitedWEB,www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India+Polyfibres+Limited+Barabanki.pdf, emt-india.net, www.emt-india.net, WEB,www.emt-india.net/eca2004/award2004/Petrochemical/India+Polyfibres+Limited+Barabanki.pdf, emt-india.net, www.emt-india.net, 21 February 2020,

• U.P. State Spinning Mill, Barabanki
• U.P. State Sugar Corp. Ltd., Barabanki
• DSM Sugar, Rauzagaon, Barabanki, U.P.Annual Report 1999-2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901015327www.dst.gov.in/about_us/ar99-2000-td-mmp.htm |date=1 September 2010 }}, Department of Science and Technology, GOI
• Hally Industries pvt. Ltd., Barabanki – supplies welding electrodes and owns a wire-drawing unit and a rice mill
• J.R. Agro Industries LimitedWEB,www.jragro.com/, Untitled, www.jragro.com, 30 April 2022, WEB,www.jragro.com/, Untitled, www.jragro.com, 21 February 2020, – operates a solvent extraction plant and a vegetable oil refinery.
• J.R. Organics Ltd. (formally Somaiya Organics Ltd.)
• Bharat Rubber Industries – supplies rubber and rubber-related products/WEB,www.tqvision.com/, TQ VISION :: SA8000 ISO Certification Consultants for ISO 9001:2015 Quality, SEDEX, C-TPAT, ISO 14001, HACCP, ISO 22000, CE Mark, IRIS Railway, ISO 21001, ISO 45001, ISO 50001, ISO 55000, ISO 27001 ISMS, BIFMA, ISO 20000, BSCI, ISO 22301, Kosher, ISO 13485, Delhi India, ISO Audit Agency, ISO 31000 Risk, www.tqvision.com, 21 February 2020,
• Shree Shyam Industries, Tehsil Fatehpur

Solar power plant

The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Sandauli village of Barabanki district, it was inaugurated on 10 May 2012 and become operational in January 2013.WEB,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy," title="web.archive.org/web/20130915163916articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy,">web.archive.org/web/20130915163916articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-11/lucknow/31668749_1_solar-power-power-plant-solar-energy, dead, 15 September 2013, First 2 MW solar power plant of Uttar Pradesh switched on, 11 May 2012, The Times of India, 13 February 2013, WEB,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power," title="archive.today/20130411035110articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power,">archive.today/20130411035110articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/lucknow/37078773_1_solar-energy-renewable-purchase-obligation-solar-power, dead, 11 April 2013, Next big move in UP, energy from the sun, 13 February 2013, 13 February 2013, The Times of India, Bisht, Arvind Singh, The plant was set up by Technical Associates Ltd.WEB,indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttar-pradesh-akhilesh-yadav-three-day-industry-meet-india-today/1/248375.html, At three-day industry meet in Agra, Akhilesh hard sells UP to prospective investors with sops and six new policies, India Today, 31 January 2012, 13 February 2013, Mishra, Ashish,

Culture

Cultural heritage

In 2011–12 almost 2 million people visited the twin sites of Lodheshwar Mahadev Mandir and Deva Sharif shrine.WEB,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Lucknow-low-on-agenda-of-tourists-visiting-UP/articleshow/16273578.cms, Lucknow low on agenda of tourists visiting UP | Lucknow News - Times of India, The Times of India, 21 February 2020,

Notable people

• Royalty
  • Dr. Raja Rai Rajeshwar Bali (1889–1944), 13th Taluqdar - Rampur Dariyabad, Honorary Magistrate, Barabanki, Minister of Education & Health United Provinces
• Athletes
  • K. D. Singh, (2 February 1922{{snd}}27 March 1978), field hockey player. He was captain of the gold medal-winning Indian Olympic Hockey team at the 1952 Summer Olympics.WEB,barabanki.nic.in/person.htm, Personalities, 10 September 2007,barabanki.nic.in/person.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110930011918barabanki.nic.in/person.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110930011918barabanki.nic.in/person.htm, 30 September 2011, dead,
  • Beni Prasad Verma,(11 February 1941 – 27 March 2020) was an Indian politician and a member of the Samajwadi Party. Earlier he was with Samajwadi Party of Mulayam Singh Yadav, then he joined Indian National Congress and was elected on its ticket to Lok Sabha in 2009. In 2016 he rejoined Samajwadi Party.
  • Atul Verma, won India its first Olympic archery medal, a bronze in the boys’ individual archery competition at the 2014 Youth Summer Olympics.NEWS, Atul wins bronze, creates history,www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/youth-olympic-games-atul-wins-bronze-creates-history/article6354356.ece, 27 August 2014, The Hindu, 26 August 2014, Kolkata, Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal – a bronze – at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...,
• Religious figures
  • Jagjivan Das (born 1727, date of death unknown), founder of the Satnaami branch of Hinduism. He wrote Aagam Paddhati, Agh Vinaash, Gyan Prakash, Maha Pralay, Param Granth, Prem-Path, and Shabd-Sagar.
  • Sayyed Salar Sahu Ghazi of Satrikh (died 1200s), who won the recognition of his contemporaries and exerted one of the most powerful influences in Awadh spiritual history.“Pluralism to Separatism Qasbas in Colonial Awadh”, Mushirul Hasan - Oxford University PressSheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). Tazkira-e-Fani, the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, “Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia”.
  • Waris Ali Shah, (1819–1905), a Sufi saint from Dewa, was the founder of Warsi order of Sufism and a poet. He wrote Hans-Jawahir.
  • Ayatollah Mufti Syed Muhammad Quli Khan – wrote Kintoori, principal Sadr Amin at the British court in Meerut.Roots of North Indian Shi’ism in Iran and Iraq Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859, by J. R. I. Cole, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · OxfordSacred Space and Holy War The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718140016www.bandung2.co.uk/books/Files/Religion/Sacred%20Space%20and%20Holy%20War.pdf |date=18 July 2011 }} by Juan Cole, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London · New YorkWEB,ketabeqom.com/,ketabeqom.com/index.php/page,SiteEn.FullBookInfoEn/bookId,2554?PHPSESSID=a32bd4c0ccfca52eb9ec4aeaa9aef9e3," title="archive.today/20130210032007ketabeqom.com/index.php/page,SiteEn.FullBookInfoEn/bookId,2554?PHPSESSID=a32bd4c0ccfca52eb9ec4aeaa9aef9e3,">archive.today/20130210032007ketabeqom.com/index.php/page,SiteEn.FullBookInfoEn/bookId,2554?PHPSESSID=a32bd4c0ccfca52eb9ec4aeaa9aef9e3, dead, شرکت تعاونی ناشران Ùˆ کتابفروشان استان قم, شرکت تعاونی ناشران Ùˆ کتابفروشان استان, قم, فروشگاه اینترنتی کتاب قم, 4 February 2020, 10 February 2013,
• Ayatollah Syed Mir Hamid Hussain Musavi Kintoori Lakhnavi (died 1880) author of Abaqat ul Anwar fi Imamat al Ai’imma al-Athar.Islam, politics, and social movements By Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira M. LapidusLeader of Heaven {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103105321www.docstoc.com/docs/3385087/Leader-of-Heaven |date=3 January 2010 }} 18WEB,www.al-islam.org/thaqalayn/nontl/Abaqat.htm, ‘Abaqat al-Anwar, 4 November 2013, Ghadeer-E-Khum Where the Religion was Brought to Perfection By I.H. Najafi, Published by a Group of Muslim Brothers, Tehran, Iran.
  • Maulana Abdul Majid Daryabadi
• Military
  • Ibrahim Bek of Dewa.
• Literary
  • Khuda Bakhsh Sheikh of Dariyabad, wrote poetry and a biography of Waris Ali Shah.WEB,barabanki.nic.in/person.htm, Personalities: Literary, The Official Website of Barabanki, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India; Barabanki-225001, 20 July 2010,barabanki.nic.in/person.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110930011918barabanki.nic.in/person.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110930011918barabanki.nic.in/person.htm, 30 September 2011, dead,
  • Khumār Barabankvi (1919–1999), an Urdu poet and lyricist.
  • Mawlwi Abdul Bari Nadwi, was member of first Managing Committee of Darul Mussannefin Shibli AcademyWEB,www.shibliacademy.org/book/export/html/4, Early History, www.shibliacademy.org, 21 February 2020,
• Majaz Lucknowi is prominent Urdu poet from Barabanki. He hails from Rudauli and maternal uncle of famous lyricist Javed Akhtar.
• Politicians
  • Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, Freedom Fighter and Congress leader
  • Mohsina Kidwai, politician
  • Amir Haider, politician
  • Beni Prasad Verma, politician, former MP and Ministry of Steel of India
  • Panna Lal Punia, former Member of Loksabha from Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency), politician
  • Upendra Singh Rawat, current Member of Loksabha from Barabanki (Lok Sabha constituency), politician
  • Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai, politician
  • Anantram Jaiswal, politician
• Others
  • Shaikh Abd al-Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537) bin Shaykh Muhammad Ismail bin Shaykh safi al-djn Hanafi Ghaznavi Chishti Gangohi, a Sufi Shaykh.WEB,www.columbia.edu/cu/sai/bb_files/Digby_Gangohi.PDF, 1, 4 February 2020,
  • Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi, paternal grandfather of Ayatollah Khomeini, was born in Kintoor.From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The IranianThe Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine SfeirKhomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
  • Naseeruddin Shah, an actor was born in 1950 in Barabanki.
  • Shiva Balak Misra, geologist, writer and social worker
  • Mushirul Hasan,:originally belongs to village Muhammadpur, Tehsil Fatehpur, historian,BOOK, The Nehrus: Personal Histories, Mushirul, Hasan, 1 May 2006, Mercury Books, 1845600193, BOOK, The book on trial: fundamentalism and censorship in India, Kumar, Girja, Mushirul Hasan: victim of academic politics, 253–272, 1997, Har-Anand Publications, 978-81-241-0525-2, authorWEB,www.amazon.com/s?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Mushirul%20Hasan, Amazon.com: Mushirul Hasan: Books, Amazon, and ex-Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia University at Delhi.NEWS, Sack Jamia Millia Islamia Vice-Chancellor: BJP,www.hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm,hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090202074428hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090202074428hindu.com/2008/09/25/stories/2008092557681200.htm, dead, 2 February 2009, The Hindu, 25 September 2008, 5 October 2010,

Transport

Road transport

National Highway 28 (NH-28) passes through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in Uttar Pradesh started in 1947 with the operation of bus service on the Lucknow–Barabanki route by UP Government Roadways.WEB,www.upsrtc.com/history.htm, UPSRTC, 27 October 2009, dead,upsrtc.com/history.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20100104065838upsrtc.com/history.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20100104065838upsrtc.com/history.htm, 4 January 2010, UPSRTC History

• Bus Station/Bus Stop 93

Railway

Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district, with a total of {{convert|131|km|abbr=on}} of broad-gauge line and 19 stations.

Education

Schools and intermediate colleges

{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}

• Government Inter College, Barabanki city
• Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Sonikpur, Trivediganj, Barabanki
• Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Barabanki city
• Saraswati Vidya Mandir Inter College, Barabanki city

Engineering colleges

• Jahangirabad Institute of Technology, Jahangirabad
• Sagar Institute of Technology & Management, Faizabad Road

Polytechnic institute

• Government Polytechnic Barabanki, Jahangirabad Road

Other professional institutions

• Jahangirabad Media Institute, Jahangirabad

Research institutions

• International Rice Research Institute - branch Tikarhar Road, Kursi, BarabankiJOURNAL, 10.1300/J411v20n01_12, Natural Biodiversity for Salinity and Alkalinity Tolerance in Scented Rice Cultivar Kalanamak, Journal of Crop Improvement, 20, 1–2, 205–221, 2007, Singh, Neelam, Pathak, M. D., Zaidi, Najam W., Singh, H. N., Srivastava, P. C., Singh, U. S., 82779666,

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Commons category}}

• {{official websitebarabanki.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location| Centre = Barabanki district| North = Sitapur district, Bahraich district| Northeast = Gonda district| East = Faizabad district| Southeast = Sultanpur district| South = Rae Bareli district| Southwest = Lucknow district| West = Lucknow district| Northwest = Sitapur district}}{{Navboxes| list ={{Barabanki district}}{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}{{Uttar Pradesh}}{{Faizabad division topics}}{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}}}{{Authority control}}