}}| signature = Annalena Baerbock Signature.svg}}Annalena Charlotte Alma Baerbock ({{IPA-de|anaËËŒleËnaË ËˆbÉ›ËÉÌ¯ËŒbÉ”k|lang|De-Annalena Baerbock.ogg}}; born 15 December 1980) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens party serving as Germany's minister for foreign affairs since 2021.From 2018 to January 2022, Baerbock served as co-leader of Alliance 90/The Greens, alongside Robert Habeck. She was the party's candidate for chancellor in the 2021 federal election. Olaf Scholz from SPD secured the chancellery instead of Baerbock.WEB, Basu, Zachary, 24 November 2021, Olaf Scholz to succeed Merkel as German chancellor,weblink 16 October 2022, Axios, en, Thorsten Faas & Tristan KlingelhÃ¶fer (2022) German politics at the traffic light: new beginnings in the election of 2021, West European Politics, 45:7, 1506â€“1521, DOI: 10.1080/01402382.2022.2045783 After the election, the Greens formed a traffic light coalition led by Olaf Scholz, and Baerbock was sworn in as Germany's first female foreign minister on 8 December 2021.Born in Hanover, West Germany, in 1980, Baerbock attended the University of Hamburg and the London School of Economics and Political Science. She was first elected to the Bundestag in 2013. From 2012 to 2015, she was a member of the party council of Alliance 90/The Greens and from 2009 to 2013, the leader of her party's group in the state of Brandenburg.

Early life and education

Baerbock is the daughter of a social worker and a mechanical engineerWEB, Tenfelde, Beate, 31 December 2019, KÃ¶pfe des Jahres: Annalena Baerbock, der heimliche Star der GrÃ¼nen,weblink Annalena Baerbock, Secret Star of the Green Party, de, 19 April 2021, Neue OsnabrÃ¼cker Zeitung, who worked for WABCO Vehicle Control Systems.NEWS, Sophie, Garbe, Christoph, Hickmann, Martin, Hesse, Martin, Knobbe, Christian, Parth, Jonas, Schaible, 17 September 2021,weblink 30 June 2022, Annalena Baerbock's Fatal Errors, de, Die fatalen Fehler der Annalena Baerbock, Der Spiegel (website), Der Spiegel, After initially living in Nuremberg for several years, she moved to live in an old reconstructed farmhouse that her family owned in Schulenburg, which is part of Pattensen, near Hanover in Lower Saxony.NEWS, Tenfelde, Beate, 31 December 2019, Menschen des Jahres 2019: Annalena Baerbock und die Blitzkarriere des heimlichen Stars der GrÃ¼nen, People of the Year 2019: Annalena Baerbock and the Lightning Career of the Secret Star of the Green Party, de,weblink 19 April 2021, Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag, NEWS, Matthew, Karnitschnig, 27 January 2018,weblink German Greens elect new leadership duo, Politico Europe, 30 June 2022, There, she grew up with her two sisters and two cousins. As a child, she joined her parents at anti-war and anti-nuclear power protests organized or supported by the Green Party.NEWS, Henri, Kramer, 13 September 2017,weblink Potsdam vor der Bundestagswahl â€“ Direktkandidatin Annalena Baerbock: Politik der kleinen Schritte, Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten, 15 June 2021, WEB, Erika, Solomon, 20 April 2021,weblink Annalena Baerbock hopes to somersault to top of German politics, Financial Times, 15 June 2021, She attended the Humboldt School in HanoverWEB, Ruppel, Ulrike, 28 January 2018, Frisches GrÃ¼n aus Brandenburg: Annalena Baerbock startet durch,weblink de, Fresh Green from Brandenburg: Annalena Baerbock Hits the Ground Running, 19 April 2021, B.Z. (newspaper), B.Z., and at the age of 16, spent an exchange year at Lake Highland Preparatory School in Orlando, Florida.NEWS, Pháº¡m, KhuÃª, 7 March 2018, Ankommen ist das eine, Heimischwerden das andere, 'Arriving is One Thing, Becoming a Local is Another',weblink 19 April 2021, Die Zeit, de, As a teenager, Baerbock was a competitive trampoline gymnast, taking part in German championships and winning bronze three times.WEB, 21 January 2018, Ich bin leidenschaftliche EuropÃ¤erin,weblink 19 April 2021, Deutschlandfunk, de, WEB, 29 October 2020, Was Annalena Baerbock beim Trampolinspringen fÃ¼rs Leben gelernt hat,weblink 19 April 2021, Stern (magazine), Stern, What Trampoline Gymnastics Taught Annalena Baerbock About Life, de, WEB,weblink German championships Double Minitramp 1999, 29 June 2022, From 2000 to 2004, Baerbock studied political science and public law at the University of Hamburg. She also worked as a journalist for the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung from 2000 to 2003. She completed internships at Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Deutsche Presseagentur and the Council of Europe.WEB,weblink VÃ¶lkerrechtlerin aus Potsdam: Annalena Baerbock, Deutscher Bundestag, 12 December 2014, 15 June 2021, In 2005, Baerbock completed a one-year master's course in public international law at the London School of Economics (LSE). During her time at LSE, she stayed at Carr-Saunders Hall in Fitzrovia.NEWS, Jochen, Wegner, Christoph, Amend,weblink de, Interview Podcast: 'Said Everything?' Annalena Baerbock, how Green is Germany, Actually?, Interview-Podcast: 'Alles gesagt?': Annalena Baerbock, wie grÃ¼n ist Deutschland wirklich?, Die Zeit, 17 May 2021, 15 June 2021, In 2005, she was a trainee at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). She also started a dissertation on natural disasters and humanitarian aid at the Free University of Berlin, but did not finish it.

Early career

After her studies, Baerbock worked from 2005 to 2008 in the office of MEP Elisabeth Schroedter. In 2008 and 2009, she worked as an adviser on foreign and security policies for the parliamentary group of the Alliance 90/The Greens in the Bundestag.

Political career

Beginnings

(File:Annalena Baerbock (7294616330) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Baerbock in 2012)Baerbock became a member of Alliance 90/The Greens in 2005. In October 2008, she was elected to the executive board of her party's state group in Brandenburg. The next year she succeeded Ska Keller as co-chair of the board (with Benjamin Raschke), an office she held until 2013.NEWS, Henri, Kramer, 26 January 2018,weblink Baerbock auf dem Weg in die Bundesspitze: 'Ringen, bis es wehtut, und weiterkÃ¤mpfen', Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten, Baerbock served as the national spokesperson for the Green Party's working group on European affairs from 2008 to 2013. From 2009 to 2012, she was a member of the executive board of the European Green Party, under the leadership of co-chairs Philippe Lamberts and Monica Frassoni.

Member of the German Bundestag: 2013â€“present

In 2009, Baerbock unsuccessfully ran for a place on her party's electoral list for the federal elections. In 2013, she was the Green Party candidate in the constituency of Potsdam â€“ Potsdam-Mittelmark II â€“ Teltow-FlÃ¤ming II and also secured the leading spot on the party's electoral list for the State of Brandenburg.WEB, Landesverband Brandenburg: LDK in Potsdam 2013,weblink GrÃ¼ne Brandenburg, 24 April 2021,weblink" title="archive.today/20130412072413weblink">weblink Brandenburg State Association: State Delegate Conference in Potsdam 2013, 12 April 2013, de, dead, Through the electoral list, she became a member of the Bundestag.During her first term, Baerbock was a member of the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy and the Committee on European Affairs. In her parliamentary group, she served as speaker for climate policy. In the latter capacity, she participated in the United Nations Climate Change Conferences in Warsaw (2013), Lima (2014), Paris (2015) and Marrakesh (2016).In addition to her committee assignments, Baerbock served as deputy chair of the Berlin-Taipei Parliamentary Circle of Friends and a member of the German-Polish Parliamentary Friendship Group from 2014 until 2017.In the 2017 election, Baerbock was again the leading candidate in the state of Brandenburg, retaining her seat in Parliament. After the election, she was a member of the Green Party party's negotiating team in the (unsuccessful) coalition talks with the CDU/CSU and FDP.WEB, Bundestagswahl: Trittin und Kretschmann im Sondierungsteam, Bundestag election: Trittin and Kretschmann in exploratory team,weblink Wirtschaftswoche, 23 February 2018, de, 24 September 2017, WEB, Melissa, Eddy, 19 April 2021,weblink German Greens and Conservatives Choose Chancellor Candidates, The New York Times, 6 February 2022, She has since been a member of the Committee on Families, Seniors, Women and Youth.

Co-leader of the Green Party: 2018â€“2022

File:2020-10-30 Annalena Baerbock MdB GRÃœNE by OlafKosinsky 2874.jpg|thumb|upright|Baerbock speaking in the Bundestag BundestagOn 27 January 2018, at the Green Party's national convention in her hometown of Hanover, Baerbock was elected as one of two equal chairpersons of her party at the federal level, with Robert Habeck.NEWS, Baerbock und Habeck â€“ GrÃ¼ne wÃ¤hlen Realo-Doppelspitze, Baerbock and Habeck â€“ Greens Elect Realist Dual-Leadership

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TRANS-TITLE=THE GREENS LOVE THEIR DOUBLE LEADERSHIP, In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Minister-President of Brandenburg Dietmar Woidke after the 2019 state elections, Baerbock was a member of her party's delegation.PRESS RELEASE,weblink de, Party Council Gives Green Light to Start Exploratory Talks, Parteirat gibt grÃ¼nes Licht fÃ¼r Aufnahme von SondierungsgesprÃ¤chen, Alliance 90/The Greens Brandenburg, 4 September 2019, NEWS, Thorsten, Metzner, 12 September 2021,weblink SondierungsgesprÃ¤che in Brandenburg: Kenia-Koalition oder doch Rot-Rot-GrÃ¼n?, Der Tagesspiegel, 30 June 2022, Exploratory Talks in Brandenburg: Kenya Coalition or Red-Red-Green After All?, de,

Chancellor candidate: 2021

On 19 April 2021, the federal board of the Greens officially nominated Baerbock as candidate for chancellor for the 2021 federal election{{snd}}the first time the party had nominated a single candidate instead of co-leaders.WEB, 19 April 2021, Annalena Baerbock: Aus Pattensen ins Kanzleramt?,weblink 19 April 2021, Norddeutscher Rundfunk,weblink 19 April 2021, de, Annalena B aerbock: From Pattensen to the Chancellor's Office?, This was formally confirmed at the party congress from 11 to 13 June. Baerbock is the second woman after Angela Merkel to seek the highest government office, and the first woman nominated by her party. On election day, she was only 12 days older than Guido Westerwelle in 2002, the youngest chancellor candidate ever.WEB, 19 April 2021, Baerbock soll Kanzlerkandidatin der GrÃ¼nen werden,weblink 19 April 2021, Tagesschau (German TV programme), Tagesschau,weblink 19 April 2021, dead, de, NEWS, 19 April 2021, Baerbock soll Kanzlerkandidatin der GrÃ¼nen werden,weblink 19 April 2021, Der Spiegel (website), Der Spiegel, de, On 12 June 2021, Baerbock was confirmed as candidate for chancellor after receiving 98.5% of the confirmation votes.NEWS, German Greens confirm Annalena Baerbock as chancellor candidate,weblink 12 June 2021, Deutsche Welle, 12 June 2021, In the 2021 German federal election, she again ran in the constituency of Potsdam â€“ Potsdam-Mittelmark II â€“ Teltow-FlÃ¤ming II, this time against fellow chancellor candidate Olaf Scholz. She lost the constituency to Scholz by over 15,000 votes, but was nonetheless elected to the Bundestag through the Green list in Brandenburg.WEB,weblink Ergebnisse Potsdam â€“ Potsdam-Mittelmark II â€“ Teltow-FlÃ¤ming II â€“ Der Bundeswahlleiter, bundeswahlleiter.de, During this time, it was discovered that Baerbock committed plagiarism in a book she authored Jetzt. Wie wir unser Land erneuern, having copy-pasted 29 sentences altogether from other works.WEB, 8 July 2021, German Greens' Baerbock admits mistakes in plagiarism row,weblink 16 October 2022, POLITICO, en-US, NEWS, PlagiatsjÃ¤ger Stefan Weber: Mindestens 29 "Copy & Paste"-Funde im Buch von Baerbock, de-DE, Der Tagesspiegel Online,weblink 16 October 2022, 1865-2263, A detailed analysis of the plagiarism is available in a German document.WEB, Dokumentation der Plagiatsfragmente im Buch Annalena Baerbock (2021): Jetzt. Wie wir unser Land erneuern.,weblink plagiatsgutachten.com, Another wrongdoing unearthed was that she published false information about her professional background in her CV. She incorrectly claimed that she was a member of German Marshall Fund and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees along with many other minor institutions, which she had no formal ties to.WEB, 5 June 2021, German Greens leader Baerbock under fire for resumÃ© inflation,weblink 16 October 2022, POLITICO, en-US, These discoveries triggered widespread condemnation in the German public.NEWS, Bershidsky, Leonid, Germany's Next Leader May Not Have the Write Stuff,weblink 16 October 2022, Bloomberg, 12 August 2021, According to studies conducted by the German Marshall Fund and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, both German and Russian state-backed sources have targeted Baerbock, spreading a large amount of disinformation, from false assumptions about the Greens to explicit sexism, such as the circulated online image featuring Baerbock's face photoshopped onto a naked female body with the caption "I was young and I needed the money".WEB,weblink Being a Woman in German Politics Still Isn't Easy. Annalena Baerbock's Rise and Fall Shows Why., Politico Magazine, 25 September 2021, Emily, Schultheis, 26 September 2021, WEB,weblink German Green candidate Annalena Baerbock targeted with sexist abuse., Politico Magazine, 16 September 2021, Liv, Klingert, 26 September 2021, WEB,weblink Targeting Baerbock: Gendered Disinformation in Germany's 2021 Federal Election, Alliance for Securing Democracy, 30 August 2021, Nad'a KovalÄÃkovÃ¡, Melanie, Weiser, 26 September 2021, Under Baerbock's leadership, the Greens won 14.8% of the national vote in 2021 and 118 seats in the Bundestag, the best result in the party's history. However, the performance was considered somewhat disappointing as the party finished third after having led in some polls earlier in the year.WEB,weblink Peter, Hille, Germany's Green Party: A victory that doesn't feel like one, 27 September 2021, Deutsche Welle,

Foreign minister: 2021â€“present

Following the 2021 election, the Greens agreed to enter government with the FDP and the Social Democrats, as part of a traffic light coalition led by Olaf Scholz. Baerbock was named Foreign Minister and took office on 8 December 2021, the first woman ever to hold the role.WEB,weblink Meet Germany's new government, Posaner, Joshua, 8 December 2021, Politico, 26 December 2021, Baerbock visited Warsaw in December 2021 to meet with the Polish Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau. They discussed Poland's dispute with the EU over the rule of law and the superiority of European Union law. Baerbock backed Poland's efforts to stop the flow of migrants seeking entry from Belarus.NEWS, Germany vows solidarity with Poland in Belarus border fight,weblink Associated Press, 10 December 2021, 30 June 2022, Vanessa, Gera, Frank, Jordans, She rejected the idea of paying World War II reparations to Poland. Germany still asserts that Poland waived all reparation rights under the 1953 agreement and that the dispute is settled. Poland rejects this view, stating that the Polish government was then under the sway of the Soviet Union and that its 1953 refusal is non-binding.NEWS, Bartosz T., WieliÅ„ski, New Chancellor Meets Old Resentments. Polish PM Receives Olaf Scholz in Warsaw, Talks of War Reparations and a 'Europe of Sovereign States', 30 June 2022,weblink Gazeta Wyborcza, 13 December 2021, NEWS,weblink Zweiter Weltkrieg: Polens Regierung prÃ¼ft Reparationsforderungen an Deutschland, 2 August 2017, Die Welt, 30 November 2017, File:MGR6380 (51861952870).jpg|thumb|Baerbock and Austrian Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg Alexander SchallenbergFile:Secretary Blinken Holds a Virtual Press Conference with German Foreign Minister Baerbock (51801055622).jpg|thumb|right|Foreign Minister Baerbock with Secretary of State Antony Blinken Antony BlinkenBaerbock harbors strong Atlanticist views and is assumed to follow a foreign policy in coherent with the one pursued by the US President Joe Biden.JOURNAL, Streeck, Wolfgang, 20 May 2021, Not Over Yet,weblink NLR/Sidecar, On 23 December 2021, Baerbock warned that Afghanistan is "heading into the worst humanitarian catastrophe of our time", with major economic sectors collapsing and more than 24 million people in need of humanitarian assistance.NEWS, Afghanistan suffering 'humanitarian catastrophe' says Germany Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock,weblink Deutsche Welle, 23 December 2021, 30 June 2022, She said, "We cannot allow hundreds of thousands of children to die because we don't want to take action."NEWS, Afghan health care faces collapse amid economic crisis,weblink Deutsche Welle, 24 December 2021, She also promised to speed up the evacuation of more than 15,000 vulnerable Afghans, including staff who worked for Germany and their family members.NEWS, Germany warns of 'worst humanitarian catastrophe' in Afghanistan,weblink Dawn (newspaper), Dawn, 30 June 2022, Agence France-Presse, 23 December 2021, When Germany held the rotating presidency of the Group of Seven (G7) in 2022, Baerbock chaired the meetings of G7 Ministers of Foreign Affairs.NEWS, Alexander, Ratz, Madeline, Chambers, 16 February 2022,weblink G7 foreign ministers to meet on sidelines of Munich Conference, Reuters, NEWS, John, Irish, Alexander, Ratz, 13 May 2022,weblink G7 backs more aid, weapons to Ukraine in show of unity against Russia, Reuters, 30 June 2022, File:Denys Shmyhal met with German FM Baerbock in Kyiv 2022 (2).jpg|thumb|Baerbock with Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal Denys ShmyhalIn January 2022, Baerbock refused to supply German weapons to Ukraine amid rising tensions on the Ukraine-Russia border, while NATO allies including the United States opted to send arms in support of Ukraine.NEWS, 28 January 2022, Why Germany isn't sending weapons to Ukraine, en-GB, BBC News,weblink 30 January 2022, NEWS, Morrow, Adrian, 28 January 2022, U.S. to keep supplying weapons to Ukraine in face of potential Russian invasion, en-CA, The Globe and Mail,weblink 30 January 2022, In the aftermath of Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, she argued against blocking Russian access to SWIFT.NEWS, 25 February 2022, Bank sanctions are a sharper sword than cutting Russia off SWIFT, German minister says, en, Reuters,weblink 25 February 2022, Following the Bucha massacre in April 2022, she expelled 40 Russian diplomats and embassy staff from Berlin, joining other European Union countries in their response to alleged war crimes by Russian troops in Ukraine.NEWS, Bojan, Pancevski, 4 April 2022,weblink Germany, France Expel Russian Diplomats in Response to Alleged War Crimes, Wall Street Journal, 29 June 2022, Also in April 2022, she hosted a donor conference during which European and international governments agreed to extend 659.5 million euros ($718.6 million) in aid to Moldova, which hosted more than 100,000 refugees from Ukraine at the time.NEWS, Thomas, Escritt, 6 April 2022,weblink Donors give 659.5 mln euros in aid to Moldova, Reuters, 29 June 2022, In July 2022, she rejected Turkey's territorial claims to Greek islands in the Aegean, saying that "Lesbos, Chios, Rhodes and many others are Greek territories and nobody has the right to question them." She warned that Turkey's threat to launch a new offensive against Kurdish forces in northern Syria will only help the Islamic State jihadists.NEWS, German, Turkish diplomats spar in Istanbul,weblink France 24, 29 July 2022, In January 2023, Baerbock and French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna arrived in Ethiopia and met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed on a mission to support the Ethiopiaâ€“Tigray peace agreement ending the Tigray War.NEWS, German, French Foreign Ministers in Ethiopia to Support Tigray Peace,weblink VOA News, 12 January 2023, In January 2023, Baerbock made her third visit to Ukraine by touring Kharkiv, following her travels to Bucha in May and Kyiv in September of the previous year.WEB,weblink Ukraine: Germany's foreign minister visits embattled Kharkiv, DW, 10 January 2023, In a keynote speech to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on 24 January, she said in English "We are fighting a war against Russia, not against each other", which was critically portrayed in the popular tabloid newspaper Bild with the headline "We are at war with Russia".NEWS,weblink Wir fÃ¼hren Krieg gegen Russland, We are at war with Russia, Piatov, Filipp, Bild, de, 26 January 2023, 29 January 2023, This sentence causes a stir! Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock (42) said on Tuesday at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg in English: "We are fighting a war against Russia and not against each other." In German this means: "We are waging a war against Russia and not against each other." A short video excerpt from Baerbock's speech went viral on the Internet and caused astonishment and criticism. Because: Baerbock fundamentally contradicts Chancellor Olaf Scholz (64, SPD), who repeatedly emphasizes that Germany should NOT become a war party. However, Baerbock explained exactly the opposite: that Germany was already at war with Russia., Her phrasing received criticism from conservative and right-wing politicians in Germany as demonstrating un-professionalism, and criticism from Russia. A German Foreign Ministry spokesman underlined that Germany was not a party to the conflict and the speech was in a context of establishing a unified stance in opposition to a war of aggression.NEWS,weblink Germany says it is not a warring party in Ukraine, Deutsche Welle, 27 January 2023, 29 January 2023, NEWS,weblink Germany Says Quiet Part Out Loud About Ukraine War, Mordowanec, Nick, Newsweek, 25 January 2023, 29 January 2023, In March 2023, on a visit to Baghdad, Baerbock called on Iran to cease its missile attacks on Iraqi territory.NEWS, 7 March 2023, German Foreign Minister Calls On Iran To Halt Attacks On Iraqi Territory, Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty,weblink Dpa, In May 2023, she urged China to take a clear stance in the war in Ukraine, saying "neutrality means taking the side of the aggressor.",NEWS, Germany's Baerbock says China can help end Ukraine war,weblink Deutsche Welle, 9 May 2023, after the Chinese President first visited in Russia Vladimir Putin, and later on the next day visited Ukraine, with offending Russian dissidents and opponents of Vladimir Putin while being in Ukraine.Why Xi and Putin pretend they run democracies, Washingtonpost, 23 March 2023Also she named the Chinese President Xi a dictator next to Vladimir Putin this September, but that also followed the US president referring to the Chinese President a dictator on June.BBC International, 16:40, 18 Sep, bbc.comUS President called Chinese President a dictator, Reuters, 21 June 2023File:Ð˜Ð»ÑŒÑ…Ð°Ð¼ ÐÐ»Ð¸ÐµÐ² Ð¸ ÐÐ½Ð½Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð±Ð¾Ðº 4 Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2023.jpg|thumb|Baerbock with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev Ilham AliyevIn May 2023, she visited Saudi Arabia and praised Saudi efforts to find a solution to the wars in Yemen and Sudan.NEWS, Tanks, vodka and feminism: on the road with Germany's top diplomat,weblink Financial Times, 23 May 2023, On 6 July 2023, US President Joe Biden authorized the provision of cluster munitions to Ukraine in support of a Ukrainian counter-offensive against Russian forces in Russian-annexed southeastern Ukraine.NEWS, Controversy surrounds US decision to send cluster munitions to Ukraine,weblink The Hill, 7 July 2023, Baerbock opposed the decision of the Biden administration to supply cluster munitions to Ukraine.NEWS, Germany opposes sending cluster munitions to Ukraine, minister says,weblink Reuters, 7 July 2023, In September 2023, Baerbock accused Azerbaijan of breaking its promise not to resort to military action in Armenian-held Nagorno-Karabakh and called on it to halt the offensive and return to negotiations.WEB, World reacts amid Azerbaijan-Armenia tensions over Nagorno-Karabakh attack,weblink Al Jazeera English, Aljazeera, 19 September 2023, 20 September 2023,weblink live, In February 2024, she hosted the foreign ministers of Azerbaijan and Armenia for two days of peace talks in Berlin.Sarah Marsh (28 February 2024), Germany hosts peace talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan Reuters.Baerbock expressed support for Israel and its right to self-defense during the 2023 Israelâ€“Hamas war. On 23 October 2023, she blocked a declaration by EU ministers calling for "an immediate humanitarian cease-fire" to help civilians in the Gaza Strip.NEWS, Why Germany wants no Israel-Hamas 'cease-fire',weblink Politico, 27 October 2023, On 11 November 2023, she visited Israel to express solidarity with the country.NEWS, FM Eli Cohen calls for united front against Palestinian terror, fundraising,weblink Jerusalem Post, 11 November 2023, Baerbock rejected calls for a ceasefire but supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza.NEWS, German government backs Israel's position, rejects calls for Gaza cease-fire,weblink Anadolu Agency, 13 November 2023, She stated that "For Germany, Israel's security is non-negotiable."NEWS, Opposition to Israel's massacre in Gaza growing worldwide despite support by US, West,weblink Anadolu Agency, 21 November 2023, She pointed to Germany's "historic and moral responsibility to the Jewish people and the Israeli state" because of the Holocaust.NEWS, Germany reiterates opposition to request cease-fire in Gaza,weblink Anadolu Agency, 21 November 2023, She and UK Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron wrote a joint article published in The Sunday Times on 17 December 2023 calling for actions which would "pav[e] the way to a sustainable ceasefire in Gaza".Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Why the UK and Germany back a sustainable ceasefire: article by the Foreign Secretary and the German Foreign Minister, published 17 December 2023, accessed 24 December 2023

Political positions

Foreign policy

File:Secretary Blinken Participates in the UK, Germany, and France Quad Meeting (51832022929).jpg|thumb|left|German Minister Baerbock and French Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian as European Union member states Foreign Ministers on meeting with American Secretary of State Antony Blinken and British Foreign Secretary James Cleverly James CleverlyBaerbock is regarded as taking a centrist line on defense and pushing for a stronger common EU foreign policy,NEWS,weblink German Greens' Annalena Baerbock: 5 things to know, Laurenz, Gehrke, 19 April 2021, Politico Europe, 29 June 2022, NEWS, Annalena Baerbock on a 'transatlantic green deal' and German strategies in facing Russia and China,weblink Atlantic Council, 6 May 2021, especially against Russia and China.NEWS,weblink Germany's Greens chancellor candidate vows to get tough on Russia and China, Nienaber, Michael, Reuters, 24 April 2021, NEWS, Erika, Solomon, 18 August 2021,weblink Germany's Baerbock sets out sharp break with Merkel era for Greens, Financial Times, 6 February 2022, She has proposed a post-pacifist foreign policy,WEB, Brzozowski, Alexandra, 7 May 2021, German Greens leader Baerbock signals post-pacifist shift on foreign policy,weblink 10 May 2021, euractiv.com, en-GB, calling for a European army under the supervision of the European Parliament and outlining steps toward Germany's denuclearization in consultation with allies. She supports NATO's eastward expansion and cooperation with the United States.NEWS, Germany's rising Green Party echoes many U.S. policies. That could rattle pipeline plans from Russia.,weblink The Washington Post, Loveday, Morris, 13 May 2021, In November 2020, she said: "Europe has been revolving around itself for years, the Trump administration turned its back on the world. Authoritarian states fill the gap that emerged. That leads to Russia or Turkey becoming active in our neighborhood{{snd}}and the EU, as in the case of Nagorno-Karabakh, is left out."NEWS, Europe must step up on defense, German Greens leader says,weblink Weise, Zia, Politico, 30 November 2021, In December 2021, Baerbock proposed a "values-driven" foreign policy in conjunction with other European democracies and NATO partners,NEWS, Lee, Felix, 1 December 2021, Annalena Baerbock Ã¼ber AuÃŸenpolitik: "Schweigen ist keine Diplomatie", de, Die Tageszeitung: taz,weblink 5 December 2021, 0931-9085, and called on the EU to implement sanctions against Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik.NEWS, NjemaÄka poziva na uvoÄ‘enje sankcija Dodiku,weblink 13 December 2021, Radio Slobodna Evropa, 13 December 2021, sh, Baerbock appears to have taken a pro-Israel stance in response to the 2021 Israelâ€“Palestine crisis.NEWS, Monath, Hans, Wie hÃ¤lt es Baerbock mit Waffen fÃ¼r Israel?,weblink How does Baerbock feel about arms for Israel?, German, Der Tagesspiegel, 15 May 2021, She called the number of UN resolutions criticizing Israel "absurd compared to resolutions against other states."NEWS, As Germany votes, here's where the leading parties stand on Jewish issues,weblink Axelrod, Toby, The Times of Israel, 26 September 2021, Baerbock expressed "concern" over the legal and constitutional implications of the proposed 2023 Israeli judicial reform.NEWS, German FM Airs 'Concern' Over Israeli Judicial Overhaul, Death Penalty for Terrorists, en, Haaretz,weblink 2 April 2023,

Energy, climate and environmental policy

File:Stop Kohle Demo (24.06.2018) - 41179330140.jpg|thumb|upright|Baerbock with Green Party secretary Michael Kellner Michael KellnerBaerbock has argued in favor of a European and trans-Atlantic Green Deal.NEWS, Jens, Thurau, The Green Party's Annalena Baerbock represents a new generation,weblink Deutsche Welle, 11 August 2021, She has cited a need for technology transfer so that countries worldwide can limit the increase in global temperatures to 1.5 Â°C, as outlined in the Paris Agreement.Baerbock has called for coal to be phased out in Germany by 2030, the implementation of a speed limit of {{convert|130|kph|0|sp=us}}, and restricting the registration of cars to emission-free cars "by 2030 at the latest". She has said that "agricultural subsidies should be oriented towards the common good" and that animal populations and meat production should be "reduced very significantly".NEWS, Poetter, Bernhard, 12 December 2020, "Manches muss man auch verbieten",weblink 8 May 2021, Die Tageszeitung: Taz, German, Baerbock has also said that "climate policy is not in contradiction to the economy" and that she wishes to preserve Germany's status as an industrial location "into the 21st century{{snd}}in light of the Paris climate agreement." She supports the production of climate-neutral steel and has expressed support for climate tariffs{{snd}}international taxes on goods that are carbon-intensive. Under her policies, domestic German flights are to be made "superfluous" by 2035, by strengthening the rail network.WEB, 28 July 2019, GrÃ¼nen-Chefin Baerbock: Klima und Wirtschaft? Das funktioniert,weblink 8 May 2021, haz.de, 28 February 2021,weblink dead, When the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that the greenhouse gas reductions set out in the Climate Protection Act were insufficient on 29 April 2021, Baerbock held out the prospect of setting concrete greenhouse gas savings targets in the event that her party would participate in the federal government. She also called for the quota for the annual expansion of renewable energy sources to be doubled by the mid-2020s. Baerbock has said that environmental destruction caused by climate change is becoming increasingly expensive.Verfassungsrichter zwingen Regierung zu mehr Klimaschutz. In: Die Welt, 30. April 2021, S. 1.Baerbock opposes the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project between Russia and Europe.Baerbock is an opponent of nuclear power. In 2021, she opposed an EU proposal to label nuclear power as a green energy source.WEB, Germany tells France: 'nuclear is not green',weblink 9 April 2022, EUobserver, 10 December 2021, en,

Immigration

Amid the European migrant crisis in 2015, Baerbock joined fellow Green parliamentarians Luise Amtsberg, Franziska Brantner, Manuel Sarrazin and Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn in calling for more responsibilities for the European Commission in managing the EU's intake of refugees, a clear mandate for Frontex and EU-managed facilities for asylum seekers in their countries of origin.NEWS,weblink FlÃ¼chtlingskrise: GrÃ¼nen-Abgeordnete prangern VersÃ¤umnisse ihrer Partei an, Der Spiegel (website), Der Spiegel, 15 December 2015, In September 2023, Baerbock criticized the European Union's migration deal with Tunisia.NEWS, Germany's Baerbock joins chorus criticizing EU migration deal with Tunisia,weblink Reuters, 22 September 2023, She advocated the German government's financial support for NGOs such as SOS Humanity that rescue migrants in the Mediterranean.NEWS, Germany, Italy fail to iron out differences over migration,weblink Anadolu Agency, 28 September 2023, NEWS, Germany Defends Migrant NGO Funding Against Italian Complaint,weblink Barron's, 28 September 2023,

Other activities

Corporate boards

KfW, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (since 2021)NEWS,weblink Board of Supervisory Directors and its Committees, KfW,

Non-profit organizations

{{ill|Villa Vigoni|de}} â€“ German-Italian Centre for the European Dialogue, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)WEB,weblink Board of Trustees, Villa Vigoni â€“ German-Italian Centre for the European Dialogue,
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)WEB,weblink Board of Trustees, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 30 June 2022,
European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member (since 2020)WEB,weblink Members, European Council on Foreign Relations, 14 October 2020,
Leo Baeck Foundation, Member of the Board of TrusteesWEB,weblink Board of Trustees, Leo Baeck Foundation, 3 July 2019, 8 December 2020,weblink dead,
German Federation for the Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND), Member

Since 2020, Baerbock has participated in the World Economic Forum's Young Global Leaders program, a group that has coached political representatives such as Emmanuel Macron, Sanna Marin and Jacinda Ardern.WEB, Community,weblink The Forum of Young Global Leaders, World Economic Forum,

Personal life

Since 2007,NEWS, Martina, Bay, 14 May 2021,weblink Der "GrÃ¼nen-Kloppo": Er kÃ¶nnte bald Kanzlerinnen-Gatte sein{{snd, aber Baerbocks Mann hat einen anderen Traum |work=Focus }} Baerbock has been married to Daniel Holefleisch, a political consultant and PR manager who has been Senior Expert Corporate Affairs for Deutsche Post DHL Group since 2017, a lobbyist position.NEWS, Diana, Zinkler, 26 April 2021,weblink Daniel Holefleisch: Der Mann von Annalena Baerbock, Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, They have two daughters, born in 2011 and 2015.NEWS, FÃ¼r ihre TÃ¶chter,weblink 22 November 2020, Der Tagesspiegel, de, WEB,weblink "Kloppo", Vollzeit-Vater, Lobbyist: Baerbocks Mann Daniel Holefleisch und seine drei Rollen, Der Tagesspiegel, 13 June 2021, 14 June 2021, de, In 2013, they moved from Berlin to the Nauener Vorstadt districtNEWS, Marco, Zschiek, 22 April 2021,weblink Baerbock gegen Scholz in Potsdam: Deutschlands spannendster Wahlkreis, Die Tageszeitung, of Potsdam, Brandenburg.Baerbock declares being Lutheran-Protestant.WEB, Annalena Baerbock, BÃ¼ndnis 90/Die GrÃ¼nen VÃ¶lkerrechtlerin,weblink Deutscher Bundestag, 31 August 2023, Berlin, German, She has denied believing in God and has remained a Church member because "the idea of togetherness is extremely important" to her.NEWS, GrÃ¼ne nominieren Annalena Baerbock als Kanzlerkandidatin,weblink Tilman, Steffen, Die Zeit, 24 April 2021, de, 19 April 2021,

Book

BOOK, Annalena, Baerbock, Jetzt. Wie wir unser Land erneuern, Now. How We Renew Our Country, Michael, Ebmeyer, Ullstein Verlag, Ullstein, Berlin, 2021, 978-3-550-20190-5, .

References

External links

Baerbock's profile on the website of the Green Party parliamentary faction

{{YouTube|5GbEpN1_T6M|Was nun, Frau Baerbock? Fragen an die Kanzlerkandidatin der GrÃ¼nen}}, interview in German, ZDF, 10 May 2021{{Navboxes|list ={{Foreign Ministers of Germany}}{{Foreign Ministers of the European Union member states}}{{G7-Foreign}}{{G20-Foreign}}{{Foreign Ministers of NATO member states}}{{G4-Foreign}}{{Cabinet Scholz}}{{Members of the 18th Bundestag}}{{Members of the 19th Bundestag}}{{Members of the 20th Bundestag}}{{Bundestag-Brandenburg}}}}{{Alliance 90/The Greens}}{{Authority control}}

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