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{{Short description|Prime Minister of Nigeria from 1960 to 1966}}{{redirect|Tafawa Balewa|the local government area|Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi|the public square in Lagos|Tafawa Balewa Square}}{{Use Nigerian English|date=April 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}

factoids

• Sir James Wilson Robertson {{small|(until 1960){edih}
• Nnamdi Azikiwe {{small|(1960–1963)}}

}}Nnamdi Azikiwe {{small>(from 1963)}}Himself{{small>(as Chief Minister)}}1966 Nigerian coup d’etat>Position abolished({{small|Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi as Military head of state}})Chief Minister>Chief Minister of Nigeria| term_start1 = 30 August 1957| term_end1 = 1 October 1960| monarch1 = Elizabeth II| governor-general1 = Sir James Wilson Robertson| predecessor1 = Position establishedHimself{{small>(as Prime Minister)}}| office2 = Deputy Leader of the Northern People’s Congress| term_start2 = 30 August 1957| term_end2 = 15 January 1966| leader2 = Ahmadu Bello| predecessor2 = Position established| successor2 = Position abolishedParliament of Nigeria>Parliament for Bauchi South WestHTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=NKSIAQAAIAAJ&Q=ABUBAKAR+TAFAWA+BALEWA+CONSTITUENCY > TITLE=THE NIGERIAN FEDERAL ELECTION OF 1959: POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION IN A DEVELOPING POLITICAL SYSTEM FIRST1=KEN, 18 December 1963, | term_start3 = 1954| term_end3 = 15 January 1966WEBSITE=JFK.ARTIFACTS.ARCHIVES.GOV, 1912|df=y}}| birth_place = Bauchi, Northern Nigeria Protectorate19661512df=y}}| death_place = near Lagos, Nigeria| resting_place = Tafawa Balewa’s tomb| party = Northern People’s Congress| spouse = | children = | parent = | relations =

• Barewa College
• University of London Institute of Education

{edih}| occupation = Politician}}Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|KBE|PC}} (December 1912 – 15 January 1966) was a Nigerian politician who served as the first and only prime minister of Nigeria upon independence.WEB, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa {{!, prime minister of Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abubakar-Tafawa-Balewa|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} A conservative Anglophile, he favoured maintaining close ties with the British. During his first few years in office as prime minister, Nigeria was a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II reigning as Queen of Nigeria, until Nigeria became a republic in 1963.JOURNAL, Ogunbadejo, Oye, Nigerian-Soviet Relations, 1960-87,www.jstor.org/stable/722811, African Affairs, 83–104, 1988, 87, 346, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098014, 722811, He was both a defender of Northern special interests and an advocate of Nigerian reform and unity.WEB, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa {{!, prime minister of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abubakar-Tafawa-Balewa |website=www.britannica.com |date=January 2024 |language=en}}

Early life

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was born Mallam Abubakar in December 1912 in the Northern Nigeria Protectorate (modern-day Bauchi State). His father, Yakubu Dan Zala, was of Gere ethnicity,WEB,www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/notes-from-atlanta/gere-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-s-real-ethnic-group/130284.html, Gere: Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa’s Real Ethnic Group, Kperogi, Farooq, 22 January 2016, Daily Trust, 5 September 2016,www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/notes-from-atlanta/gere-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-s-real-ethnic-group/130284.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20160924071913www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/notes-from-atlanta/gere-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-s-real-ethnic-group/130284.html,">web.archive.org/web/20160924071913www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/notes-from-atlanta/gere-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-s-real-ethnic-group/130284.html, 24 September 2016, dead, and his mother Fatima Inna was of Gere and Fulani descent.WEB,diamondboatconsult.wordpress.com/2017/11/10/biography-of-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-kbe/, BIOGRAPHY OF SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA, KBE, Omotola, Balogun, 10 November 2017, Diamond Boat Consult, en, 9 February 2020, His father worked in the house of the district head of Lere, a district within the Bauchi Emirate.BOOK, Nigerian heroes., Nigeria, Federal Department of Information, 1982, Federal Dept. of Information, Lagos, en, 18561384, He took his name from two corrupted Fula language words: “Tafari” (Rock) and “Baleri” (Black), which resulted in being the childhood nickname “Black Rock”.WEB, Akinbode, Ayomide, 2019-01-21, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa: The Golden Voice of Africa,www.thehistoryville.com/abubakar-tafawa-balewa-golden-voice-africa/, 2023-12-22, en-US,

Education

Balewa began his education at a Qur’anic school in Bauchi; when southern colonial administrators began to push for western education in the Northern region, Balewa was among the children sent to Tafawa Balewa Elementary School, after the Qur’anic school. Thereafter, he proceeded to Bauchi Provincial School. Like many of his contemporaries, he studied at Barewa College, then known as Katsina College, where he was student number 145. Ahmadu Rabah, later known as Ahmadu Bello, was student number 87 and was two years his senior, while Abubakar Imam was a year ahead of him.BOOK, Islam and colonialism : intellectual responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria to British colonial rule, Sani., Umar, Muhammad, 2006, Brill, 900413946X, Leiden, 62554253, The college was several kilometers from Bauchi and was not close to a railway station nor other public transportation. During holidays, which was twice a year, Balewa trekked home, a journey of more than 400 kilometers. He trekked for 40 kilometers a day, before finding a resting place at a nearby village. In total, the journey took him 10 days.Katsina College had British expatriate teachers, many of whom had been educated at leading British schools and then attended Cambridge or Oxford Universities. Students were taught in English, and speech was an important part of learning for the students. Apart from excellence in English, the school was also a training ground for teachers to be posted to the provincial and middle schools within the Northern Provinces of Nigeria.Balewa completed his five-year education in 1933 and returned to Bauchi to teach at Bauchi Middle School. He taught at the school and rose to become a senior schoolmaster. In 1941, he became acquainted with a young Aminu Kano, who was posted to the school as a teacher. After a student unrest, investigations into student grievances indicted the headmaster, and in 1941 Balewa was nominated as the new headmaster. In 1944, Balewa and some other educated teachers in the Northern Provinces were chosen to study abroad at the University of London’s Institute of Education, which today forms part of University College London. Upon returning to Nigeria, he became an Inspector of Schools for the colonial administration and later entered politics.WEB, smile, 2020-06-30, SIR ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA,www.glimpse.ng/sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa/, 2021-05-26, Glimpse Nigeria, en-US,

Early political activity

He was elected in 1946 to the Northern House of Assembly, and to the Legislative Council in 1947. As a legislator, he was a vocal advocate of the rights of Northern Nigeria. He supported hesitance by the North to become independent, based on the objection that the north and south regions were not at an equal footing. In the Northern Assembly, he sought more roles and responsibility in the Native Administration for the educated members of the emirates.Together with Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, who held the hereditary title of Sardauna of Sokoto, they proposed the transformation of the cultural organization, Jam’iyyar Mutanen Arewa, which means Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in English, to become a political platform for use as campaign platform during the elections of 1951. Balewa was elected Vice President of the new party and subsequently resigned his post as headmaster of Bauchi Middle School. NPC won the plurality of votes to the regional House of Assembly in 1951.WEB, achievements of sir ahmadu bello,leonardschrader.com/n04zi/3570e3-achievements-of-sir-ahmadu-bello, 2021-05-26, leonardschrader.com, 27 March 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220327172755/https://leonardschrader.com/n04zi/3570e3-achievements-of-sir-ahmadu-bello, dead, File:ASC Leiden - NSAG - Crebolder 2 - 40 - Independence ceremony. Robertson GG, Princess Alexandra, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, President - Lagos, Nigeria - October 1, 1960.tif|thumb|left|Balewa (far right), with Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady OgilvyPrincess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady OgilvyBalewa was among the new legislators in Kaduna. Under a new constitution, the Macpherson Constitution of 1951, an electoral college system was implemented whereby, some regional legislators were elected to the Federal House of Representatives in Lagos, and among the federal legislators, three members from each region would be appointed federal ministers with portfolio. Balewa was among those nominated to Lagos and along with Kashim Ibrahim and Muhammadu Ribadu were nominated to become ministers.WEB, is tafawa balewa a fulani man,clearstoryusa.com/kathy-lette-ioi/is-tafawa-balewa-a-fulani-man-24c7f6, 2021-05-26, clearstoryusa.com,

In government

Balewa entered the government in 1952 as Minister of Works, and later served as Minister of Transport during a time Nigeria was moving towards self-government. During his tenure at the transport ministry, both the Marine and Railway departments were transformed to corporations and the designs for a bridge over the Niger and plans for the Kainji Dam were developed.WEB, Tag: Tafawa Balewa,politicalzone.ng/tag/tafawa-balewa/, 2021-05-26, Political Zone Nigeria, en-US,

Chief minister (1957–1960)

In 1957, NPC won the plurality of votes in the Federal House of Representatives and Balewa became the Chief Minister and designated Prime Minister. As part of his plans to unify the country towards the move for independence in 1960, he formed a coalition government between the NPC and the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), led by Nnamdi Azikiwe and also invited the Action Group (A.G.), the 1957 cabinet was constituted as an all party cabinet.WEB, abubakar tafawa balewa spouse,susanneo.com/4bon4sd3/bc8fb0-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-spouse, 2021-05-26, susanneo.com, Though, Awolowo, the leader of A.G. and premier of the Western region was skeptical of the plan,BOOK, A., Joseph, Richard, Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria : the rise and fall of the Second Republic, 6 February 2014, 9781107633537, Cambridge, 34, 864086426, the national executive committee of Action Group party endorsed the National Government and Ayo Rosiji and Samuel Akintola were nominated by the party. During this period, Balewa developed a close relationship with K.O. Mbadiwe from NCNC and Akintola from AG.

Prime minister (1960–1966)

{{See also|Cabinet of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa}}File:President John F. Kennedy with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Prime Minister of Nigeria (06).jpg|thumb|left|Balewa at the White House with President Kennedy, 1961]]Balewa retained the post as Prime Minister of Nigeria when Nigeria gained independence in 1960 and was reelected in 1964.WEB, Umar, Fahad Muhammad, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa,www.academia.edu/30824509, en, He announced independence in a motion to Parliament on January 18, 1959:{{Blockquote|text=That this House authorizes the Government of the Federation of Nigeria to request Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom as soon as practicable to introduce a legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom providing for the establishment of the Federation of Nigeria on October 1, 1960 as an Independent Sovereign State, and to request Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom at the appropriate time to support with the other Member Governments of the Commonwealth, Nigeria’s desire to become a member of the Commonwealth.This is a great day for Nigeria. It marks the beginning of the last stage of our march toward independence and all of us who are here today should be thankful to Almighty God who has given us the opportunity to witness the events of this most memorable time.|source=WEB,www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/through-the-lens-of-history-biafra-nigeria-the-west-and-the-world/the-first-nigerian-republic-formation-and-operation/a-northern-nigerian-call-for-independence, A Northern Nigerian Call for Independence | AHA, |author=Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|title=Mr. Prime Minister: A Selection of Speeches Made by Alhaii the Right Honourable Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa}}

Domestic policy

The Republic

Nigeria adopted a new constitution in 1963 which abolished the monarchy and the office of governor-general, with Nigeria becoming a parliamentary republic within the Commonwealth with the Nnamdi Azikiwe as President of Nigeria and head of state.BOOK, Chika B. Onwuekwe, The Foundations of Nigeria: Essays in Honor of Toyin Falola, 2003, Africa World Press, 1-59221-120-8, Adebayo Oyebade, 172–173, Constitutional Development, 1914–1960: British Legacy or Local Exigency?,

Regional policy

Prior to Nigeria’s independence, a constitutional conference in 1954 had adopted a regional political framework for the country, with all regions given a considerable amount of political freedom. The three regions then were composed of diverse cultural groups.WEB, NIGERIA (CONSTITUTIONAL CONFERENCE) (Hansard, 10 February 1954),api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1954/feb/10/nigeria-constitutional-conference, 2021-05-26, api.parliament.uk, The premiers and some prominent leaders of the regions later took on a policy of guiding their regions against political encroachment from other regional leaders. Later on, this political environment influenced the Balewa administration. His term in office was turbulent, with regional factionalism constantly threatening his government.WEB, sunnews, 2017-08-16, Accord Concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria’s elusive unity (10),sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-10/, 2023-09-21, The Sun Nigeria, en, However, a treason charge and conviction against one of the western region’s leaders, Obafemi Awolowo, led to protest and condemnation from many of his supporters.WEB, Sharpeville massacre {{!, Summary, Significance, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Sharpeville-massacre |access-date=2021-05-26 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}} The 1965 election in the region later produced violent protests. Rioting and violence were soon synchronous with what was perceived as inordinate political encroachment and an over-exuberant election outcome for Awolowo’s western opponents.WEB, Between S.L. Akintola and Obafemi Awolowo, By Femi Fani-Kayode,www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/150646-s-l-akintola-obafemi-awolowo-femi-fani-kayode.html?tztc=1, 2023-09-21, www.premiumtimesng.com,

Foreign policy

As Prime Minister of Nigeria, Balewa, from 1960 to 1961, doubled as Foreign Affairs advocate of Nigeria. In 1961, the Balewa government created an official Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations ministerial position in favour of Jaja Wachuku who became, from 1961 to 1965, the first substantive Nigerian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs.WEB, MFA Nigeria,www.nigeria-consulate-frankfurt.de/English/MFA-Nigeria/mfa-nigeria.html, 2021-05-26, www.nigeria-consulate-frankfurt.de, A week after taking office, he arrived in the United States on his first foreign visit to address the United Nations.WEB, Admin, Web, 2013-01-11, Maiden General Assembly Statement at the United Nations,nigeriaunmission.org/maiden-speech-at-the-un/, 2023-12-17, Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, New York, en-US,

Africa

However, as Prime Minister of Nigeria, Balewa played important roles in the continent’s formative indigenous rule. He was an important leader in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity and creating a cooperative relationship with French speaking African countries. He was also instrumental in negotiations between Moise Tshombe and the Congolese authorities during the Congo Crisis of 1960–1964.WEB, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa,www.isnhof.org/, live, 2021-05-26, Hall of Fame, en,isnhof.org/," title="web.archive.org/web/20170524142024isnhof.org/,">web.archive.org/web/20170524142024isnhof.org/, 24 May 2017, He led a vocal protest against the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 and also entered into an alliance with Commonwealth ministers who wanted South Africa to leave the Commonwealth in 1961.

United States

(File:USNS Kingsport SYNCOM Call Kennedy-Balewa July 1963.png|thumb|Prime Minister Balewa (2nd from right) talks to President Kennedy on the first live broadcast via the SYNCOM satellite from Lagos.)He visited the US in 1961 for eight days, four of which he spent in Washington at Blair House. During his visit, he became the first Nigerian leader to address a Joint session of the United States Congress and visited the Islamic Center of Washington.WEB, Kperogi, Farooq A., Tafawa Balewa’s Electrifying 1961 American Visit,www.farooqkperogi.com/2012/04/tafawa-balewas-electrifying-1961.html, 2023-08-03, Notes From Atlanta, He had an enormous amount of respect for President John F. Kennedy, describing him, and his age in particular as “matured as that of any older statesman.“WEB,www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/archives/JFKOH/Balewa%2C%20Alhaji%20Sir%20Abubaker%20Tafawa/JFKOH-AB-01/JFKOH-AB-01-TR.pdf, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Oral History Interview – 5/7/1964, He took part in the launch of the Syncom 2 NASA program, allowing him to phone for President Kennedy from the USNS Kingsport docked at Lagos Harbor via the SYNCOM satellite on 23 August 1963.NEWS, Vartabedian, Ralph, 26 July 2013, How a satellite called Syncom changed the world, Los Angeles Times,www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-syncom-satellite-20130726-dto-htmlstory.html, 25 August 2019, WEB, 19 June 2016, World’s First Geosynchronous Satellite Launched,www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/worlds-first-geosynchronous-satellite-launched/, 25 August 2019, History Channel, Foxtel, 7 December 2019,web.archive.org/web/20191207144926/https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/worlds-first-geosynchronous-satellite-launched/, dead, WEB, Conversation with the Prime Minister of Nigeria by means of the Syncom Communications Satellite, 23 August 1963 {{!, JFK Library |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHA/1963/JFKWHA-211-003/JFKWHA-211-003 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=www.jfklibrary.org}} It marked the first live two-way call between heads of government by satellite.

Commonwealth

Balewa, during his premiership, attached great importance to its Commonwealth membership, declaring in a UN speech, “we shall not forget our old friends.“WEB, Constitution and Government,www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1961/196101520134_p.%20134.pdf,

Eastern Bloc

Balewa had a pro-West orientation in his foreign policy, which represented for abhorrence to USSR and other Eastern Bloc states. As a result, the circulation of communist literature in Nigeria was banned and students were discouraged from taking Soviet educational scholarship. Balewa had personally assured the British government “we shall use every means in our power to prevent the infiltration of communism and communist ideas into Nigeria.” At one point, the Soviets were implicated in a plot to overthrow Balewa’s government.JOURNAL, Russo/Nigerian Relations in the Context of Counterinsurgency Operation in Nigeria, 2019, 10.1177/0973598418803526, Omotuyi, Sunday, Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, 23, 48–68, 158967078, free,

Overthrow and death

Balewa was overthrown and murdered in a military coup on 15 January 1966, as were many other leaders, including his old companion Sir Ahmadu Bello. The circumstances of his death still remain unresolved. His body was discovered at a roadside near Lagos six days after he was ousted from office. Balewa was buried in Bauchi. News of his assassination spurred violent riots throughout Northern Nigeria and ultimately led to the bloody counter-coup of July 1966.(File:Abubakar Tafawa Balewa’s Grave 1.jpg|thumb|Grave of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa)Shaihu Umar“>

Shaihu Umar

In 1933, Balewa wrote Shaihu Umar, a novella about a pious Muslim in response to a request by Rupert East, the head of the colonial Translation Bureau, to promote Hausa literature.JOURNAL, Бессмертная, Olga Bessmertnaya-Ольга, A Hausa Author’s Idea of Literature as an” about-face” response to the British literary challenge,www.academia.edu/562281, Multiculturalism & Hybridity in African ..., January 2000, en, Shaihu Umar was first published in 1934. An English translation by Mervyn Hiskett was published in 1967.JOURNAL, Hunwick, John O., Furniss, Graham, 1994, Mervyn Hiskett, 1920–1994,www.jstor.org/stable/25653240, Sudanic Africa, 5, 1–6, 0803-0685, JOURNAL, Wright, E., 1977-01-01, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Shaihu Umar, (translated and edited by Mervyn Hiskett), Atlantic Highlands, N.J., Humanities Press, 1968, $ 1.00. (Longmans, 1967) Clement Agunwa, More Than Once, Humanities Press, 1968, $ 1.50. (Longmans, 1967) Duro Lapido, Wale Ogunyemi, Obotunde Ijimere, Three Nigerian Plays, (edited by Ulli Beier) Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., 1968, $ 1.25. (Longmans, 1967),brill.com/view/journals/jaas/12/1-4/article-p316_49.xml, Journal of Asian and African Studies, en, 12, 1-4, 316–318, 10.1163/156852177X00495, 1568-5217, Written in a prose homily structure, the protagonist, Shaihu Umar, recounts his events in his life’s history. Events and themes in the novel deal with the trans-Saharan slave trade, familial relationships and Islamic themes of submission to the will of God. Shaihu Umar was staged as a play in the 1970s.

Political views

Nigerian institutions

Balewa advocated for the creation of a Nigerian Privy Council to domestically replace the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in a speech to the Legislative Council in April 1952. This was due to its judicial committee’s seemingly insensitivities to regional differences in court cases.BOOK, Information, FEDERAL Ministry of,nigeriareposit.nln.gov.ng/handle/20.500.14186/467, Mr Prime Minister, 1964, Federal Ministry of Information, en,

Honours

File:Tafawa Balewa.jpg|thumb|Statue of Tafawa Balewa in Owerri Imo StateImo StateIn January 1960, Balewa was knighted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.WEB, Faal, Courtney, 2009-05-09, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912-1966) •,www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/balewa-sir-abubakar-tafawa-1912-1966/, 2021-05-26, en-US, He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Sheffield in May 1960. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate of laws from the New York University in July 1961.WEB, Tafawa Balewa: Remembering the right honourable gentleman - Daily Trust,dailytrust.com/tafawa-balewa-remembering-the-right-honourable-gentleman/, 2023-09-16, dailytrust.com, 16 January 2021, Balewa’s portrait was placed on the 5 Naira Note. The Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University and the Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Bauchi State International Airport in Bauchi was named in his honour.WEB, III, Editorial, 2022-08-17, Nigeria in search of another Balewa,www.blueprint.ng/nigeria-in-search-of-another-balewa/, 2022-11-11, Blueprint Newspapers, en-US,

Personal life

Balewa was described as modest and self-effacing.WEB,www.dailyadvent.com/index.php/2018/12/19/see-nigerias-ex-leader-buhari-is-being-compared-with/, See Nigeria’s ex-leader Buhari is being compared with – Daily Advent Nigeria, en-US, 17 January 2019,www.dailyadvent.com/index.php/2018/12/19/see-nigerias-ex-leader-buhari-is-being-compared-with/," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119121151www.dailyadvent.com/index.php/2018/12/19/see-nigerias-ex-leader-buhari-is-being-compared-with/,">web.archive.org/web/20190119121151www.dailyadvent.com/index.php/2018/12/19/see-nigerias-ex-leader-buhari-is-being-compared-with/, 19 January 2019, dead, At his death, his major assets included his house in Bauchi and a 50-acre farm where he vacationed when he wanted to relax. The farm was located on the way to Tafawa Balewa village about nine miles outside Bauchi; many official decisions while in office were taken at the farm. Balewa was married to four women who bore him nineteen children.WEB, Master, NaijaBlog Talk Zone, 2021-02-01, See All Assets Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa left for his 4 wives and 19 children (Photos),naijablog.ng/2021/02/01/see-all-assets-sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-left-for-his-4-wives-and-19-children-photos/, 2023-09-07, NaijaBlog, en-GB, WEB, My husband was tricked and taken away by his orderly – Late Tafawa Balewa’s wife - Daily Trust,dailytrust.com/my-husband-was-tricked-and-taken-away-by-his-orderly-late-tafawa-balewas-wife/, 2023-09-21, dailytrust.com, 15 February 2016, Balewa was buried in Tafawa Balewa’s tomb at Bauchi.WEB, 2014-03-21, Six must-see places in Bauchi {{!, Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/157168-6-must-see-places-bauchi.html |access-date=2022-04-06 |language=en-GB}}

See also

{{commons category|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa}}

• Nigerian First Republic
• Cabinet of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

References

{{Reflist}}

• Kalu Ezera;, Constitutional Developments in Nigeria: An Analytical Study of Nigeria’s Constitution-Making Developments and the Historical and Political Factors That Affected Constitutional Change, 1960
• James S. Olson, Robert S. Shadle; Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, Greenwood Press, 1996
• B. I. C. Ijomah, The Enigma of Nigerian Nationalism, Edo State University Publishing House, 1996, {{ISBN|9789782100139}}
• Alh. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa official visit to USA in 25–28 July 1961, YouTube.

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