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| name = | settlement_type = City250px)(File:View at mukshpuri top Nathiagali Hills,Abbottabad District,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.jpg125px)(File:View of Abbotabad.JPG|250px)| imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = From top, left to right: City view, Mushkpuri top, View of Abbottabad from Shimla Hill| image_map = | mapsize = 150px| map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_relief = 34217310region:PK-NW_type:city|display=inline,title}}| pushpin_map = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#Pakistan#Asia#Earth| pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = PakistanSubdivisions of Pakistan>Province| subdivision_name1 = Khyber PakhtunkhwaDivisions of Pakistan>DivisionHazara Division>HazaraSubdivisions of Pakistan>DistrictAbbottabad District>Abbottabad| established_title = Founded| established_date = 1863| population_total = 245,670| total_type = City2017 Census of Pakistan>2017List of largest cities in Pakistan>40th, Pakistan; 4th, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa| named_for = Major James AbbottJames Abbott (Indian Army officer)>Major James Abbott| population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = Abbottabadi| population_note = Abbottabad Cantonment: 138,311Abbottabad Municipal Committee: 107,369DATE=3 JANUARY 2018PUBLISHER=PAKISTAN BUREAU OF STATISTICSARCHIVE-DATE=18 APRIL 2018, dead, | area_total_km2 = | elevation_m = 1256| elevation_m_min = | elevation_m_max = | population_density_km2 = auto| leader_title = MayorACCESS-DATE=2024-01-10 LANGUAGE=EN, | leader_title1 = Deputy CommissionerDATE=2024-01-06 URL=HTTPS://PAKOBSERVER.NET/PREPARATIONS-UNDERWAY-FOR-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-IN-ABBOTTABAD/ WEBSITE=PAKISTAN OBSERVER, en-US, Union councils of Pakistan>Union CouncilsPUBLISHER=NRB.GOV.PK ACCESS-DATE=17 DECEMBER 2021 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120415092714/HTTP://WWW.NRB.GOV.PK/ZILA_MEMBERSHIP/, 15 April 2012, | area_code = 0992List of dialling codes of Pakistan>Calling codePakistan Standard Time>PKT| utc_offset1 = +5| government_footnotes = weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110505162947weblink">Abbottabad District Government| governing_body = District Governmentdga.com.pk/}}Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf>PTI| leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = }}Abbottabad ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ə|t|ə|b|a:|d}}; Urdu, |translit=aibṭabād}}, {{IPA-ur|ɛːbʈəˈbaːd̪|pron}}) is the capital city of Abbottabad District in the Hazara region of eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the 40th largest city in Pakistan and fourth largest in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population. It is about {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} north of Islamabad-Rawalpindi and {{convert|150|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} east of Peshawar, at an elevation of {{convert|1256|m|ft|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}. Kashmir lies a short distance to the east.Following the Second Anglo-Sikh War, The British annexed the entire Punjab region up to Peshawar. Abbottabad was founded in the early 1850s, by a British military officer in the Bengal Army of the British Raj, James Abbott, and replaced Haripur as Hazara's capital.On the 9th of November 1901, the British established a North-West Frontier Province from the north-western districts of The Punjab. This meant that Abbottabad was now a part of the newly-formed province.Following the Announcement of Partition of the British Raj into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Dominion of India, a referendum was held in the NWFP and the result was in favor of Pakistan. In 1955, Abbottabad and the whole NWFP became a part of West Pakistan, but the province was established again in 1970, and Hazara District and the two tribal agencies were merged to form the new Hazara Division with its capital at Abbottabad.Osama bin Laden, founder of the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda, held refuge at a compound in Abbottabad, where he was shot and killed by U.S. forces on 2 May 2011.Established in 1947, Abbottabad houses the Pakistan Army's initial officer training academy, the Pakistan Military Academy, referred to by its acronym, PMA.

Etymology

The name combines the name of the city founder, Major James Abbott, and the Persian ending ābād, meaning "settlement, town of".

History

File:Hazara-Region in Pakistan von James Abbott.jpg|thumb|left|'The Rock Aornos from Huzara. From Nature by James Abbott 1850']]Abbottabad was founded and named after Major James Abbott in January 1853 as the headquarters of Hazara District during the British Raj after the annexation of Punjab. He remained the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara district from 1845 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having written a poem titled "Abbottabad", before his return to Britain, in which he wrote of his fondness for the town and his sadness at having to leave it.In the early 20th century, Abbottabad became an important military cantonment and sanatorium, serving as the headquarters of a brigade in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps.(:wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abbottabad|Abbottabad – Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition) The garrison consisted of four battalions of native infantry, of the Frontier Force (including the 5th Gurkha Rifles) and two native mountain batteries.WEB,weblink Abbottabad Town – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 1, Dsal.uchicago.edu, 17 December 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110607080015weblink">weblink 7 June 2011, live, (File:Sunset scene in Abbottabad.jpg|thumb|A sunset scene in Abbottabad.)In 1901, the population of the town and cantonment was 7,764 with an average income of Rs. 14,900. This increased to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, chiefly derived from octroi. During this time chief public institutions were built such as the Albert Victor Unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the government dispensary. In 1911, the population had risen to 11,506 and the town contained four battalions of Gurkhas.WEB,weblink The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir, by Sir James McCrone Douie, Gutenberg.org, 2 May 2011, In June 1948, the British Red Cross opened a hospital in Abbottabad to deal with thousands of injured people being brought in from Kashmir.WEB,weblink Partition of India and Pakistan 1947 – British Red Cross, Redcross.org.uk, 2 May 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120321161510weblink">weblink 21 March 2012, dead,

October 2005 earthquake

In October 2005, Abbottabad was devastated by the Kashmir earthquake. Although most of Abbottabad survived, many older buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.NEWS,weblink Doctor's diary, BBC News, 14 October 2005, 17 December 2021,

Recent events

On 25 January 2011, Indonesian terrorist Umar Patek was arrested in Abbottabad. Patek, a member of the Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist group, was wanted in connection with a deadly series of church bombings in Indonesia in 2000, and three attacks that killed 202 people in tourist districts of Indonesia in what became known as the Bali bombings.WEB, Bali bombing suspect Umar Patek 'arrested in Pakistan', BBC News online, 30 September 2011,weblink 17 December 2021, NEWS, Militant's road ends in Pakistan, Dawn (newspaper), 15 April 2011,weblink 17 December 2021,

Osama bin Laden's hideout

On 2 May 2011, Abbottabad gained worldwide attention when U.S. President Barack Obama announced that Osama bin Laden had been killed in his compound in the city.NEWS, U.S. Forces Kill Osama bin Laden Obama Says Sept. 11 Attacks Avenged in Commando Assault on Pakistani Compound; Body of Terror Mastermind Captured,weblink The Wall Street Journal, L. Meckler, A. Entous and Z. Hussain, 1 May 2011, 17 December 2021, NEWS,weblink Osama bin Laden is dead, Obama announces, 2 May 2011, The Guardian, UK, 17 December 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110502035315weblink">weblink 2 May 2011, live, Richard, Adams, Declan, Walsh, Ewen, MacAskill, In February 2012, nine months after bin Laden was killed, Pakistani authorities demolished the compound where Osama bin Laden had lived.NEWS, Osama Bin Laden's House in Abbottabad Destroyed,weblink 27 February 2012, The Huffington Post, Eline, Gordts, 27 February 2012, MAGAZINE, Abbottabad, a Hotspot for Medical Care,weblink Time (magazine), Time, Meredith Melnick, 4 May 2011, 17 December 2021,

Demography {| class"wikitable collapsible sortable"

1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Abbottabad, which included Abbottabad Municipality and Abbottabad Cantonment.{{rp|19}}|name="AbbottabadCity1881to1941"}}! rowspan="2" |Religiousgroup! colspan="2" |1881WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25057656, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I., 1881, WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25057657, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II., 1881, 520, WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25057658, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III., 1881, 250, ! colspan="2" |1901WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25352838, 31 March 2024, Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables., 1901, 44, WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25363739, 31 March 2024, Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province., 1901, 26, ! colspan="2" |1911WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25393779, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables., 1911, 23, Edward Albert Gait, Sir, India Census Commissioner, 2, Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913., WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25394102, 31 March 2024, Census of India 1911. Vol. 13, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables., 1911, 302, ! colspan="2" |1921WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25394121, 31 March 2024, Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables., 1921, 25, WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25430163, 31 March 2024, Census of India 1921. Vol. 14, North-west Frontier Province : part I, Report; part II, Tables., 1921, 340, ! colspan="2" |1931WEB,weblink saoa.crl.25793233, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1931, vol. XV. North-west frontier province. Part I-Report. Part II-Tables, 1931, 257, Mallam, G. L., Dundas, A. D. F., Peshawar, Printed by the manager, Government stationery and printing, 1933., ! colspan="2" |1941WEB,weblink saoa.crl.28215543, 31 March 2024, Census of India, 1941. Vol. 10, North-West Frontier Province, 1941, 19, India Census Commissioner, 10, ! colspan="2" |2017WEB,weblink Final Results (Census-2017), 31 March 2024, !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}Hinduism (File:Om.svg>15px){{efn1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis}}| 2,151 2151 2 }}| 4,438 4438 2 }}| 6,828 6828 2 }}| 7,346 7346 2 }}| 7,753 7753 2 }}| 11,886 11886 2 }}| 57 57 2 }}Islam (File:Star and Crescent.svg>15px)| 1,649 1649 2 }}| 2,904 2904 2 }}| 3,729 3729 2 }}| 5,007 5007 2 }}| 7,026 7026 2 }}| 12,192 12192 2 }}| 243,665 243665 2 }}Sikhism (File:Khanda.svg>15px)| 306 306 2 }}| 329 329 2 }}| 785 785 2 }}| 879 879 2 }}| 1,039 1039 2 }}| 2,680 2680 2 }}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}Jainism (File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg>15px)| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}Christianity (File:Christian cross.svg>15px)| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| 93 93 2 }}| 164 164 2 }}| 388 388 2 }}| 346 346 2 }}| 298 298 2 }}| 1,811 1811 2 }}Zoroastrianism (File:Faravahar.svg>15px)| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 1 1 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}Judaism (File:Star_of_David.svg>15px)| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}Buddhism (File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg>15px)| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}Ahmadiyya (File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg>15px)| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| {{N/a}}| 45 45 2 }}| Others| 83 83 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 0 0 2 }}| 368 368 2 }}| 92 92 2 }}! Total population! 4,189! {{Percentage | 4189 | 4189 | 2 }}! 7,764! {{Percentage | 7764 | 7764 | 2 }}! 11,506! {{Percentage | 11506 | 11506 | 2 }}! 13,620! {{Percentage | 13620 | 13620 | 2 }}! 16,165! {{Percentage | 16165 | 16165 | 2 }}! 27,424! {{Percentage | 27424 | 27424 | 2 }}! 245,670! {{Percentage | 245670 | 245670 | 2 }}

Topography

Abbottabad is in the Orash Valley lying between 34°92′N latitude and 73°13′E longitude at an altitude of {{convert|1256|m|abbr=on}}. To the north is the picturesque Kaghan Valley.ENCYCLOPEDIA, Encyclopædia Britannica, Abbottabad, 15th, 2010, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., I: A-Ak – Bayes, Chicago, Illinois, 978-1-59339-837-8, 13, registration,weblink

Climate

Abbottabad has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm temperatures during the spring and autumn months, hot temperatures during June and July, and cool to mild temperatures during the winter. The temperature can rise as high as {{convert|38|C|F|abbr=on}} during the mid-summer months and drop below {{convert|-5|C|F|abbr=on}} during the extreme cold waves. Snowfall occurs occasionally in December and January, though it is sparse, while heavy rainfall occurs during the monsoon season stretching from July to September and frequently cause flooding in lower lying parts of the city.{{Weather box| width = auto| location = Abbottabad| metric first = Yes| single line = Yes| Jan high C = 12.7| Feb high C = 14.5| Mar high C = 19.2| Apr high C = 24.0| May high C = 29.1| Jun high C = 33.7| Jul high C = 30.8| Aug high C = 28.9| Sep high C = 28.6| Oct high C = 25.7| Nov high C = 20.5| Dec high C = 15.5| Jan mean C = 7.5| Feb mean C = 9.3| Mar mean C = 13.6| Apr mean C = 18.1| May mean C = 22.8| Jun mean C = 27.3| Jul mean C = 25.8| Aug mean C = 24.4| Sep mean C = 23.2| Oct mean C = 19.3| Nov mean C = 14.3| Dec mean C = 10.0| Jan low C = 2.4| Feb low C = 4.1| Mar low C = 8.1| Apr low C = 12.3| May low C = 16.5| Jun low C = 21.0| Jul low C = 20.9| Aug low C = 20.0| Sep low C = 17.8| Oct low C = 13.0| Nov low C = 8.1| Dec low C = 4.5| rain colour = green| Jan rain mm = 77| Feb rain mm = 104| Mar rain mm = 123| Apr rain mm = 99| May rain mm = 69| Jun rain mm = 76| Jul rain mm = 252| Aug rain mm = 244| Sep rain mm = 98| Oct rain mm = 43| Nov rain mm = 29| Dec rain mm = 48|source 1 = Climate-Data.orgWEB,weblink Climate: Abbottabad - Climate-Data.org, 19 January 2019, }}

Tourism

(File:Sajikot Waterfall, Havelian.jpg|thumb|Sajikot Waterfall)(File:Miranjani from Nathiagali.JPG|thumb|Miranjani from Nathia Gali)Abbottabad has been attracting tourists to the city since the colonial era, as it is a major transit point to all major tourist regions of Pakistan such as Nathiagali, Ayubia and Naran. According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, "the town is picturesquely situated at the southern corner of the Rash (Orash) plain, {{convert|1256|m|abbr=on}} above the sea".The Karakoram Highway, which traces one of the paths of the ancient Silk Road, starts from Hasan Abdal on the N5 and heads north passing through the city, eventually reaching Khunjerab Pass. The Karakorum Highway is a major attraction itself for its views. The Karakoram, Himalayas and the Hindu Kush ranges can be approached from Abbottabad, and it continues to be a transit city for tourists, serving as a base for visiting nearby places, such as Hunza, Gilgit, Skardu and Indus Kohistan, of the Karakoram Range.WEB,weblink Profile of Abbottabad, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090121145218weblink">weblink 21 January 2009, 17 December 2021, There was an influx of migrants from Azad Kashmir after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, another from the Swat District during military operations against militants in 2009 and 2010, and from Waziristan after the army launched major operations against the Taliban in 2009.NEWS,weblink Hopes for bumper tourist season in Abbottabad, Dawn (newspaper), 15 May 2011, 17 December 2021, A £19M amusement park is under construction in the city on a {{convert|50|acre|ha|order=flip|0|adj=on}} site; it includes a zoo, adventure sports facilities, restaurants and artificial waterfalls.WEB,weblink Bin Laden Town Abbottabad Plans Theme Park, Sky News,

Education

File:Comsats Abbottabad.jpg|thumb|COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyFile:Jalal Baba Auditorium.jpg|thumb|Jalal Baba AuditoriumJalal Baba AuditoriumAbbottabad has a very healthy literacy rate approximately 56% on an average.WEB,weblink Literacy rate of Abbottabad, The city has a young demographic (ages 15–30) due to the large number of students who have come from across the country to study in its schools, for example PIPS, Army Burn Hall College, Army Public College Kakul and Abbottabad Public School.The city has a wide variety of post-secondary institutions, such as Ayub Medical College, Frontier Medical College, COMSATS University of Science and Technology, and the University of Engineering & Technology.Abbottabad is home to the Pakistan Military Academy, a coeducational federal service military academy that provides training to the officers of the Pakistan Army.WEB,weblink Pakistan Military Academy – Cadets Training, Pakistanarmy.gov.pk, 25 January 1948, 17 December 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110507020020weblink">weblink 7 May 2011, dead, The academy has three training battalions and 12 companies. Another 2,000 guests each year, from over 34 countries, receive some training at PMA.According to the Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2014, Abbottabad is ranked 37 out of 146 districts in Pakistan in the quality of education. For facilities and infrastructure, the district is ranked 67 out of 146.WEB,weblink Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings, 2014, Alif Ailaan, 6 May 2014, A detailed picture of the district's education performance is available online.WEB,weblink Individual district profile link, 2014, Alif Ailaan, 6 May 2014,

Media

Kay 2 TV is a local Hindko-language channel. Daily newspapers include Roznama AAJ, Roznama Shamal, Kay 2 Times, Roznama Pine, Weekly Manzar, Daily Mahasib and the Hindko newspaper Chaita.

Sports

The Abbottabad Falcons was the professional cricket team of Abbottabad who played in the national Twenty20 and List A cricket tournaments. Sports facilities in the city include:

• Abbottabad Cricket Stadium
• Abbottabad Hockey Stadium

Transportation

Abbottabad's main public transport consists of modified taxis.Abbottabad is also served by Daewoo Express and Niazi Express, the NATCO, Skyways and other bus services.The nearest railway station is in Havelian, which is the last and most northern station on the Pakistan Railways network. The station is approximately thirty minutes drive south from Abbottabad city centre.

Notes

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References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Wikisource1911Enc|Abbottabad}}{{Commons category|Abbottabad}}

• {{Official websiteweblink}}
• {{Official websiteweblink}}
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150126171658weblink">Alif Ailaan District Education Rankings

{{Wikivoyage|Abbottabad}}{{Abbottabad}}{{Abbottabad-Union-Councils}}{{PakistanCities}}{{Largest cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}{{Authority control}}