| date = 22 December 2018| type = Volcanic tsunamiTime in Indonesia>WIB(14:38 UTC)WEBSITE=THE STAR ONLINE ACCESS-DATE=31 DECEMBER 2018 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190418134100/HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/NEWS/REGIONAL/2018/12/31/NUMBER-OF-INJURED-IN-INDONESIA-TSUNAMI-SURGES-TO-OVER-14000/ PUBLISHER=MATA MATA POLITIKDATE=29 DECEMBER 2018ARCHIVE-DATE=26 JANUARY 2019URL-STATUS=LIVE, | reported injuries = 14,059NEWSPAPER=STRAITS TIMES DATE=28 DECEMBER 2018 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20201002070645/HTTPS://WWW.STRAITSTIMES.COM/ASIA/NUMBER-OF-PEOPLE-INJURED-BY-TSUNAMI-SOARS-TO-7200, live, ACCESS-DATE=31 DECEMBER 2018 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190418134100/HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/NEWS/REGIONAL/2018/12/31/NUMBER-OF-INJURED-IN-INDONESIA-TSUNAMI-SURGES-TO-OVER-14000/, live, }}The 2018 Sunda strait tsunami (Indonesian: Tsunami Selat Sunda 2018) occurred on 22 December 2018 at around 21:38 local time after large parts of the southwestern side of Anak Krakatoa collapsed onto its caldera.JOURNAL, Walter, Thomas R., Haghshenas Haghighi, Mahmud, Schneider, Felix M., Coppola, Diego, Motagh, Mahdi, Saul, Joachim, Babeyko, Andrey, Dahm, Torsten, Troll, Valentin R., Tilmann, Frederik, Heimann, Sebastian, 2019-10-01, Complex hazard cascade culminating in the Anak Krakatau sector collapse, Nature Communications, en, 10, 1, 4339, 10.1038/s41467-019-12284-5, 31575866, 6773710, 2019NatCo..10.4339W, 2041-1723, The landslide spawned a massive tsunami wave that struck multiple coastal regions in Banten and Lampung, including the popular tourist destination of Anyer.WEB,www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatoa/2018/dec/eruption-tsunami/updates.html, 22-23 Dec 2018 eruption & tsunami in aluiakbe Krakatoa â€“ updates, Volcano Discovery, 25 December 2018, 26 December 2018, 9 June 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190609182341/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatoa/2018/dec/eruption-tsunami/updates.html, live, Lack of warnings on the arrival of the tsunami, coinciding with the Christmas and New Year holiday season in the nation, and night time setting in the area contributed to the large loss of life. With 426 deaths, the tsunami was the deadliest volcanic tsunami in recorded history in Indonesia since the 1883 Krakatoa tsunami, which originated from the same island.Benazir, Comfort, L.K., Luthfi, M, Supasri, A, Syamsidik. (2020). The 22 December 2018 Mount Anak Krakatau volcanogenic tsunami on Sunda Strait coasts, Indonesia: tsunami and damage characteristics. Natural Hazards and Earty System Sciences, pp 549-565 link {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118054732nhess.copernicus.org/articles/20/549/2020/ |date=18 January 2022 }}Following the tsunami, Indonesian authorities installed multiple emergency early warning systems in tsunami-prone areas. The newer system would detect any significant disturbances on water levels, including changes caused by volcanic activity or undersea landslide.Annunziato, A, Husrin, S, Prasetya, G. (2019). ANAK KRAKATAU VOLCANO EMERGENCY TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM. Science of Tsunami hazards, pp. 68-95. link {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918080439doaj.org/article/7776a3bb145140fdb10ade3611abd5af |date=18 September 2021 }}.

Background

(File:Anak Krakatau-2.JPG|thumb|Anak Krakatau in 2013)Lying on the Ring of Fire, Indonesia experiences frequent earthquakes and is home to 127 active volcanoes. One such volcano is Krakatoa in the Sunda Strait. The volcano was famous for its historic eruption in 1883, one of the most violent eruptions in recorded history. That eruption, through tsunamis and ash fall, killed more than 36,000 people, many of whom lived in the same regions where the 2018 tsunami struck. The 1883 eruption was violent enough to destroy the majority of the island, causing it to collapse into its caldera.NEWS, Indonesia tsunami kills hundreds after Krakatau eruption,www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46663158, 23 December 2018, BBC News, 23 December 2018, 18 May 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190518220215/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46663158, live, Approximately 45 years after the historic eruption of Krakatoa in 1883, Anak Krakatau (“Child of Krakatau“) broke the ocean surface, emerging from the caldera of Krakatau.JOURNAL, Dahren, BÃ¶rje, Troll, Valentin R., Andersson, Ulf B., Chadwick, Jane P., Gardner, MÃ iri F., Jaxybulatov, Kairly, Koulakov, Ivan, 2012-04-01, Magma plumbing beneath Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: evidence for multiple magma storage regions,doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, en, 163, 4, 631â€“651, 10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8, 2012CoMP..163..631D, 52064179, 1432-0967, 27 September 2021, 18 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220118054649/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00410-011-0690-8, live, Since then, Anak Krakatau has grown to a height of around 300 meters above sea level. Its frequent volcanic activity poses risks to the nearby coastal regions and seafarers. As such, in 1980, the Indonesian government set up a permanent volcano observatory in the island to observe its activity and to prevent another disastrous event in the region.{{citation | author = Thomas, G, Raphael, P, Karim, K, Budianto, O. | year = 2012 | title = Tsunami hazard related to a flank collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Strait, Indonesia | journal = Geological Society, London, Special Publications | volume = 361 | issue = 1 | pages = 79â€“90 | doi = 10.1144/SP361.7| bibcode = 2012GSLSP.361...79G | s2cid = 131173974 }}An investigation in 1928 during the volcano’s re-emergence found that the western slope had grown considerably steeper than its eastern slope, which was caused by the strong current in the region and the steep wall of its basin. Researchers in 1995 reported that the following eruptions of Anak Krakatau did not result in an infilling of the caldera and thus concluded that the possibility of a flank collapse could not be excluded. In 2012, a study conducted by international researchers suggested the possibility of a major flank collapse on Anak Krakatau at some point in the future, which could produce dangerous tsunami waves. The hypothetical tsunami from Anak Krakatau was calculated to possibly reach an initial height of 43 meters before finally striking the western coast of Java and southeastern coast of Sumatra at a height of approximately 2â€“3 meters, considerably lower than that in 1883. However, owing to the population density in the region, insufficient mitigation measures could cause significant numbers of deaths and major damage to the area.In the months leading up to the 2018 tsunami, Anak Krakatau had seen increased activity. Starting in June 2018, Anak Krakatau saw an increase of volcanic activity with a Strombolian eruption, producing lava flows and ash plumes as high as 5 km. One day prior to the collapse, on 21 December, an eruption was observed, lasting more than two minutes and producing an ash cloud {{convert|400|m|ft}} high.

Tsunami

File:Sunda_Strait_Tsunami_affected_2018.jpg|thumb|Affected area across the Sunda Strait Sunda StraitThe Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (PVMBG) recorded a dramatic increase in activity of Anak Krakatau. On 22 December, from 12:00 to 18:00 local time, a total of 423 eruptions were recorded by the agency. The danger level of the volcano was increased to Level 2. Authorities warned people not to conduct any activities within {{convert|2|km|spell=in}} of the volcano.WEB, Ramdhani, Jabbar, PVMBG: Gunung Krakatau Meletus 423 Kali,news.detik.com/berita/d-4355640/pvmbg-gunung-krakatau-meletus-423-kali?_ga=2.252556046.681891274.1547203043-1347269580.1527499678, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 11 January 2019, 11 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190111175618/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4355640/pvmbg-gunung-krakatau-meletus-423-kali?_ga=2.252556046.681891274.1547203043-1347269580.1527499678, live, On 22 December 2018, at 21:03 local time (14:03 UTC), Anak Krakatau erupted and damaged local seismographic equipment, though a nearby seismographic station detected continuous tremors. The southwest portion of the volcano then collapsed, triggering a tsunami. Officials stated that approximately {{convert|64|ha}} of the volcano had collapsed into the ocean.WEB, Permadi, Agie, Longsoran yang Sebabkan Tsunami Selat Sunda Seluas 64 Hektar,regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/12210621/longsoran-yang-sebabkan-tsunami-selat-sunda-seluas-64-hektar, Kompas, id, 26 December 2018, 11 January 2019, 11 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190111232451/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/12210621/longsoran-yang-sebabkan-tsunami-selat-sunda-seluas-64-hektar, live, The collapse caused the height of the volcano to be reduced from {{convert|338|to|110|m}}.WEB, Tinggi Gunung Anak Krakatau Menyusut Tinggal 110 Meter,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181229040231-20-357221/tinggi-gunung-anak-krakatau-menyusut-tinggal-110-meter, CNN Indonesia, id, 29 December 2018, 11 January 2019, 11 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190111175613/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181229040231-20-357221/tinggi-gunung-anak-krakatau-menyusut-tinggal-110-meter, live, The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) detected a tsunami around 21:27 local time (14:27 UTC) at the western coast of Banten, even though the agency had not detected any preceding tectonic events.NEWS, Ramdhani, Jabbar, Update Terkini BMKG: Yang Terjadi di Anyer Bukan Tsunami karena Gempa,news.detik.com/berita/4355647/update-terkini-bmkg-yang-terjadi-di-anyer-bukan-tsunami, 23 December 2018, detiknews, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223122557/https://news.detik.com/berita/4355647/update-terkini-bmkg-yang-terjadi-di-anyer-bukan-tsunami, live, The Indonesian National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said, “Dozens of buildings were destroyed by the wave, which hit beaches in Lampung and Banten about 21:30 local time (14:30 UTC) on Saturday.” According to The Jakarta Post, authorities said that the tsunami “may have been triggered by an abnormal tidal surge due to a full Moon and an underwater landslide following the eruption of Anak Krakatau.“NEWS, Tsunami in Banten, Lampung kills at least 20: Disaster agency,www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/23/tsunami-in-banten-lampung-kills-at-least-20-bmkg.html, 23 December 2018, The Jakarta Post, 23 December 2018, en, 15 February 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190215020927/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/23/tsunami-in-banten-lampung-kills-at-least-20-bmkg.html, live, The Agency initially refused to label the event as a tsunami, claiming that it was a “normal” high tide and that no tsunami had occurred on the coast of Banten.WEB, Prireza, Adam, BMKG: Yang Terjadi di Pantai Anyer Bukan Tsunami,nasional.tempo.co/read/1158031/bmkg-yang-terjadi-di-pantai-anyer-bukan-tsunami/full&view=ok, id, Tempo, 23 December 2018, 11 January 2019, 18 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220118054646/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1158031/bmkg-yang-terjadi-di-pantai-anyer-bukan-tsunami, live, Previously, BMKG had issued a high wave warning for the waters of the strait.NEWS, Air Pasang di Anyer Diduga Tsunami Karena Erupsi Krakatau,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181223034309-20-355784/air-pasang-di-anyer-diduga-tsunami-karena-erupsi-krakatau, 23 December 2018, CNN Indonesia, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223044713/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181223034309-20-355784/air-pasang-di-anyer-diduga-tsunami-karena-erupsi-krakatau, live, Tide gauges measured the tsunami at around {{convert|90|cm}} in Serang and {{convert|30|cm}} in Lampung,NEWS, Puspa, Wanti, 20 Orang Tewas dan 165 Terluka Akibat Tsunami di Selat Sunda,www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20181223081315-4-47643/20-orang-tewas-dan-165-terluka-akibat-tsunami-di-selat-sunda, 23 December 2018, CNBC Indonesia, 23 December 2018, id, 25 November 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201125202914/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20181223081315-4-47643/20-orang-tewas-dan-165-terluka-akibat-tsunami-di-selat-sunda, live, on top of the {{convert|2|m|adj=on|spell=in}} high tide.NEWS, Medistiara, Yulida, BMKG Sebut Terjangan Air Laut di Anyer Gabungan Gelombang Tinggi-Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/4355656/bmkg-sebut-terjangan-air-laut-di-anyer-gabungan-gelombang-tinggi-tsunami, 23 December 2018, detiknews, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223150113/https://news.detik.com/berita/4355656/bmkg-sebut-terjangan-air-laut-di-anyer-gabungan-gelombang-tinggi-tsunami, live, While Indonesia possesses a tsunami warning system for tsunamis caused by earthquakes, there is none for volcanic tsunamis. Hence there were no early warnings.NEWS, Indonesia Tak Punya Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami Gempa Vulkanik,viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1105942-indonesia-tak-punya-sistem-peringatan-dini-tsunami-gempa-vulkanik, 23 December 2018, VIVA, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223154847/https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1105942-indonesia-tak-punya-sistem-peringatan-dini-tsunami-gempa-vulkanik, live, On 23 December, satellite data and helicopter footage confirmed that the southwest sector of the volcano had collapsed, which triggered the tsunami, and that the main volcanic conduit was erupting from underwater, producing Surtseyan-style activity.WEB,www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatoa/2018/dec/eruption-tsunami/updates.html, 22-23 Dec 2018 eruption & tsunami of Krakatoa â€“ updates, Volcano Discovery, 25 December 2018, 26 December 2018, 9 June 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190609182341/https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/krakatoa/2018/dec/eruption-tsunami/updates.html, live, The waves struck about {{convert|313|km}} of coastline with various heights. In Carita, the waves reportedly struck with a height of at least {{convert|2|m|spell=in}}, while in Tanjung Lesung a height of more than {{convert|5|m|spell=in}} was reported.WEB, Medistiara, Yulida, BNPB Terima Informasi Tinggi Tsunami Selat Sunda 2-5 Meter,news.detik.com/berita/4358210/bnpb-terima-informasi-tinggi-tsunami-selat-sunda-2-5-meter, Detik, id, 25 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 12 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190112195013/https://news.detik.com/berita/4358210/bnpb-terima-informasi-tinggi-tsunami-selat-sunda-2-5-meter, live, Further surveys conducted on 31 December by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, with assistance from Tohoku University and Chuo University, revealed that the tsunami struck the coastline of Banten and Lampung at a height of {{convert|13.4|m}}.WEB, Peneliti KKP: Tinggi Tsunami Selat Sunda 13 Meter,kumparan.com/@kumparansains/peneliti-kkp-tinggi-tsunami-selat-sunda-13-meter-1546267047269905460, Kumparan, id, 31 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 12 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190112200613/https://kumparan.com/@kumparansains/peneliti-kkp-tinggi-tsunami-selat-sunda-13-meter-1546267047269905460, live, WEB, Tinggi Tsunami di Lampung Banten Ternyata Mencapai 13,4 Meter,lampung.tribunnews.com/2018/12/31/tinggi-tsunami-di-lampung-banten-ternyata-mencapai-134-meter, Tribun News, id, 31 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 13 January 2019,lampung.tribunnews.com/2018/12/31/tinggi-tsunami-di-lampung-banten-ternyata-mencapai-134-meter," title="web.archive.org/web/20190113062638lampung.tribunnews.com/2018/12/31/tinggi-tsunami-di-lampung-banten-ternyata-mencapai-134-meter,">web.archive.org/web/20190113062638lampung.tribunnews.com/2018/12/31/tinggi-tsunami-di-lampung-banten-ternyata-mencapai-134-meter, live, Ã˜ystein Lund Andersen, a Norwegian volcano photographer who photographed the eruption of Anak-Krakatau prior to the tsunami, described the eruption as “quite heavy”.NEWS,www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46666360, Indonesia tsunami: ‘I clung to a bench’, BBC News, 23 December 2018, 13 February 2019, 13 February 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190213130835/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46666360, live, Andersen was alone at the shore when the tsunami waves arrived, but managed to escape: “The wave came out of nowhere,” he said, “and within seconds I had to run,” he stated in an interview with Forbes.NEWS,www.forbes.com/sites/robinandrews/2018/12/22/indonesias-krakatoa-just-made-a-deadly-tsunami-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/, Tsunami Possibly Triggered By Anak Krakatau Strikes Indonesia. Here’s What You Need To Know, Robin, Andrews, Forbes, 13 February 2019, 13 February 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190213124007/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinandrews/2018/12/22/indonesias-krakatoa-just-made-a-deadly-tsunami-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/, live, Following the event he published an eyewitness account.WEB,blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/the-anak-krakatau-tsunami-from-the-beginning-until-now/, The Anak Krakatau Tsunami, from the Beginning until Now, 13 February 2019, 13 February 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190213124038/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/the-anak-krakatau-tsunami-from-the-beginning-until-now/, live,

Casualties

(File:Sunda strait tsunami concert.jpg|thumb|The aftermath of the tsunami at the venue of Seventeen’s beachfront concert at Tanjung Lesung)The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) initially reported 20 deaths and 165 injuries. By the following day, the figure had been revised to 43 deaths â€” 33 in Pandeglang, seven in South Lampung, and three in Serang Regencies, with 584 injured, and two missing; most of the injuries recorded (491) also occurred in Pandeglang.NEWS, Tsunami terjang Selat Sunda, korban diperkirakan terus bertambah,www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-46663539, 23 December 2018, BBC, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223030357/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-46663539, live, WEB,www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/22/indonesia-tsunami-least-20-dead-165-injured-waves-hit-beaches/amp/, Indonesia ‘volcano tsunami’: At least 43 dead and 600 injured amid Krakatoa eruption, www.telegraph.co.uk, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223033827/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/22/indonesia-tsunami-least-20-dead-165-injured-waves-hit-beaches/amp/, live, {{in lang|vi}} NÃºi lá»a phÃ¡t ná»•, gÃ¢y sÃ³ng tháº§n á»Ÿ Indonesia, Ãt nháº¥t 43 ngÆ°á»i thiá»‡t máº¡ng {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223142109www.nguoi-viet.com/the-gioi/nui-lua-phat-no-gay-song-than-o-indonesia-it-nhat-20-nguoi-thiet-mang/ |date=23 December 2018 }}. 22 December 2018. Nguyen Viet Daily News. Retrieved 13 March 2019. The death toll was further updated to 62 with 20 missing persons later that day.NEWS, Indonesia ‘volcano’ tsunami: At least 62 dead and hundreds injured after huge wave,news.sky.com/story/at-least-20-dead-after-tsunami-hits-indonesia-11589720, 23 December 2018, Sky News, 23 December 2018, en, 22 April 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190422213129/https://news.sky.com/story/at-least-20-dead-after-tsunami-hits-indonesia-11589720, live, Missing persons were also reported from small islands that are part of Pandeglang Regency.NEWS, Tsunami Banten, Ada Laporan Korban Hilang di Pulau Oar dan Sangiang,regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/12135221/tsunami-banten-ada-laporan-korban-hilang-di-pulau-oar-dan-sangiang, 23 December 2018, KOMPAS, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223121318/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/12135221/tsunami-banten-ada-laporan-korban-hilang-di-pulau-oar-dan-sangiang, live, By 13:00 local time on 23 December, BNPB had confirmed 168 fatalities and 745 injuries with 30 having been reported as missing, and the figure was further increased to 281 dead and 1,016 injured.WEB,www.cbsnews.com/news/death-toll-indonesia-tsunami-rises-today-2018-12-23/, Death toll from Indonesian tsunami rises to 281, www.cbsnews.com, 24 December 2018, 24 December 2018, 24 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181224054957/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/death-toll-indonesia-tsunami-rises-today-2018-12-23/, live, As of 31 December, the death toll was 437, with 14,059 reported injured and 24 missing.WEB, Amos, Jonathan, Indonesia tsunami: Death toll from Anak Krakatau volcano rises,www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46674490, BBC News, 24 December 2018, 24 December 2018, 8 November 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201108094723/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46674490, live, Indonesian officials later revised the death toll to 426, with 24 reported missing and at least 7,202 injured in total.The areas of Pandeglang Regency struck by the wave included beaches that are popular tourist destinations, such as Tanjung Lesung. The tsunami struck during peak season, where hundreds had arrived to celebrate the Christmas and New Year holiday.WEB, Saat Tsunami Menerjang, Tempat Wisata Sedang Padat, Wijoseno, Gagah,news.detik.com/video/181223051/saat-tsunami-menerjang-tempat-wisata-sedang-padat%3F_ga=2.21475835.1338031679.1545665535-217913348.1532449089, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121180654/https://news.detik.com/video/181223051/saat-tsunami-menerjang-tempat-wisata-sedang-padat%3F_ga=2.21475835.1338031679.1545665535-217913348.1532449089, live, In Pandeglang, the popular pop group Seventeen was performing a concert when the tsunami struck without warning. A pasar malam (funfair) was also being held in Sumur District, Pandeglang. Eyewitnesses from the funfair recalled the tsunami struck with a height nearly as high as the light pole, with dozens, including children, reportedly dragged by the rushing wave.WEB, Saat Tsunami Lumat Keramaian Pasar Malam di Sumur,x.detik.com/detail/investigasi/20181227/Saat-Tsunami-Lumat-Keramaian-Pasar-Malam-di-Sumur/index.php, Detik, id, 27 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175151/https://x.detik.com/detail/investigasi/20181227/Saat-Tsunami-Lumat-Keramaian-Pasar-Malam-di-Sumur/index.php, live, Indonesian officials stated that most of those who died were found inside villas and hotels, especially those located at Carita Beach, Banten. At least 24 people were killed inside a single villa in Carita, with dozens more reportedly found inside other villas.WEB, Ariefana, Pebriansyah, Tsunami Anyer - Lampung, 24 Jenazah Ditemukan di Villa Stephanie Carita,www.suara.com/news/2018/12/23/125133/tsunami-anyer-lampung-24-jenazah-ditemukan-di-villa-stephanie-carita, Suara, id, 23 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 12 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190112151848/https://www.suara.com/news/2018/12/23/125133/tsunami-anyer-lampung-24-jenazah-ditemukan-di-villa-stephanie-carita, live, Indonesian Navy stated that dozens of bodies were also recovered from the sea.WEB, Medistiara, Yulida, BNPB: Banyak Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda Hanyut ke Laut,news.detik.com/berita/4358165/bnpb-banyak-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-hanyut-ke-laut, Detik, 25 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 12 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190112150307/https://news.detik.com/berita/4358165/bnpb-banyak-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-hanyut-ke-laut, live, Among the victims were Aa Jimmy, an Indonesian actor and comedian,WEB, Arie Untung Kabarkan Aa Jimmy Meninggal Dunia Jadi Korban Tsunami Banten,www.tribunnews.com/section/2018/12/23/arie-untung-kabarkan-aa-jimmy-meninggal-dunia-jadi-korban-tsunami-banten, tribunnews.com, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018,www.tribunnews.com/section/2018/12/23/arie-untung-kabarkan-aa-jimmy-meninggal-dunia-jadi-korban-tsunami-banten," title="web.archive.org/web/20181223072122www.tribunnews.com/section/2018/12/23/arie-untung-kabarkan-aa-jimmy-meninggal-dunia-jadi-korban-tsunami-banten,">web.archive.org/web/20181223072122www.tribunnews.com/section/2018/12/23/arie-untung-kabarkan-aa-jimmy-meninggal-dunia-jadi-korban-tsunami-banten, live, and several members of the Indonesian band Seventeen â€” bassist Awal “Bani” Purbani, guitarist Herman Sikumbang, road manager Oki Wijaya, and crewmember Ujang was declared to be dead at the scene. After one day being announced missing, drummer Windu Andi Darmawan and Dylan Sahara, wife of Seventeen’s vocalist Ifan were reported to have been found dead.WEB,www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/seventeen-band-members-killed-tsunami-hits-indonesian-concert-1171578, Members of Indonesian Pop Band Seventeen Killed After Tsunami Hits Concert, The Hollywood Reporter, 23 December 2018, 24 December 2018, 24 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181224005938/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/seventeen-band-members-killed-tsunami-hits-indonesian-concert-1171578, live, A video circulated online showing the band’s stage being struck by the tsunami in the middle of their show at Tanjung Lesung, causing it to collapse and the audience to flee. Officials confirmed that dozens of concert-goers had been killed by the tsunami.NEWS, Indonesia tsunami: Wave crashes into local pop band Seventeen’s concert,www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-tsunami-pop-band-seventeen-s-members-audience-missing-11057542, 23 December 2018, Channel NewsAsia, 23 December 2018, en, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223084529/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-tsunami-pop-band-seventeen-s-members-audience-missing-11057542, live, Tour groups from state-owned company PLN and the Sports and Youth Ministry were also affected by the tsunami. It was confirmed that 260 people had attended the gathering event, where the Seventeen concert was being held. On 23 December, officials from the company stated that at least 14 people related to the PLN had been killed, 89 people from the company had been declared missing and more than 150 had been injured by the tsunami.NEWS,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181223123538-20-355822/260-karyawan-pln-wisata-di-tanjung-lesung-89-orang-hilang, 260 Karyawan PLN Wisata di Tanjung Lesung, 89 Orang Hilang, 23 December 2018, CNN Indonesia, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223100943/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181223123538-20-355822/260-karyawan-pln-wisata-di-tanjung-lesung-89-orang-hilang, live, NEWS, Tsunami Banten, 7 dari 256 Peserta “Family Gathering” PLN Meninggal Dunia,ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/100552626/tsunami-banten-7-dari-256-peserta-family-gathering-pln-meninggal-dunia, 23 December 2018, KOMPAS, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223163917/https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/100552626/tsunami-banten-7-dari-256-peserta-family-gathering-pln-meninggal-dunia, live, This number later rose to 23 in the afternoon.WEB, Bil Wahid, Ahmad, Bertambah Lagi, 23 Orang Rombongan PLN Meninggal Akibat Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356205/bertambah-lagi-23-orang-rombongan-pln-meninggal-akibat-tsunami, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 12 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190112150045/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356205/bertambah-lagi-23-orang-rombongan-pln-meninggal-akibat-tsunami, live, On 25 December, it was announced that 43 people from PLN had been killed, while 156 others survived. Most of them were killed while watching the Seventeen concert.WEB, Update tsunami selat sunda: 41 karyawan PLN meninggal dunia,industri.kontan.co.id/news/update-tsunami-selat-sunda-41-karyawan-pln-meninggal-dunia, Kontan, id, 25 December 2018, 12 January 2019, 13 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190113003834/https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/update-tsunami-selat-sunda-41-karyawan-pln-meninggal-dunia, live,

Impact

Damage

(File:Anak Krakatau, Indonesia 2.jpg|thumb|Anak Krakatau, seen from space in February 2019, more than a month after the collapse. The photo showed a large-scale deformation on the southwest side of the volcano, with sediments flowing towards the sea.)Widespread damages were reported throughout southern Lampung and the eastern coast of Banten, particularly in Pandeglang. More than 400 structures, including villas and resorts, were heavily damaged or destroyed by the tsunami. In Sumur District, Pandeglang Regency, a village was virtually wiped out by the tsunami. Sumur District was considered to be the most heavily affected. 7 other villages in Pandeglang were also regarded as the most heavily affected villages.WEB, Wildansyah, Samsudhudha, Sumur Pandeglang Bak Kota Mati, Warga Mengungsi karena Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4360612/sumur-pandeglang-bak-kota-mati-warga-mengungsi-karena-tsunami, Detik, id, 27 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114153325/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4360612/sumur-pandeglang-bak-kota-mati-warga-mengungsi-karena-tsunami, live, There were widespread reports of blackout in the affected areas in Banten. The Indonesian state owned electric company PLN reported that at least 248 of their power stations were affected and 41 power lines were toppled by the tsunami.WEB, Irawan, Dhani, Terdampak Tsunami Banten-Lampung, 102 Gardu PLN Masih Padam,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356001/terdampak-tsunami-banten-lampung-102-gardu-pln-masih-padam, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114153333/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356001/terdampak-tsunami-banten-lampung-102-gardu-pln-masih-padam, live, However, there were no electricity problems reported in Lampung.WEB, Bil Wahid, Ahmad, Tsunami di Selat Sunda, PLN: Listrik di Lampung Tak Ada Masalah,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356220/tsunami-di-selat-sunda-pln-listrik-di-lampung-tak-ada-masalah, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210207/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356220/tsunami-di-selat-sunda-pln-listrik-di-lampung-tak-ada-masalah, live, The road connecting Serang and Pandeglang was cut off.NEWS, Tsunami di Banten, Jalan Raya Serang-Pandeglang Terputus,wow.tribunnews.com/2018/12/23/tsunami-di-banten-jalan-raya-serang-pandeglang-terputus, 23 December 2018, Tribunnews.com, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,wow.tribunnews.com/2018/12/23/tsunami-di-banten-jalan-raya-serang-pandeglang-terputus," title="web.archive.org/web/20181223030356wow.tribunnews.com/2018/12/23/tsunami-di-banten-jalan-raya-serang-pandeglang-terputus,">web.archive.org/web/20181223030356wow.tribunnews.com/2018/12/23/tsunami-di-banten-jalan-raya-serang-pandeglang-terputus, live, South Lampung Regency was the worst affected regency in Lampung, with 4 districts: Kalianda, Rajabasa, Sidomulyo, and Katibung, were listed as the most heavily affected districts.WEB, 4 Kecamatan di Lampung Selatan Terdampak Parah Akibat Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4355810/4-kecamatan-di-lampung-selatan-terdampak-parah-akibat-tsunami, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114154752/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4355810/4-kecamatan-di-lampung-selatan-terdampak-parah-akibat-tsunami, live, NEWS, Ma’ruf, Irfan, Situs domino yang tersebar banyak di banten,mwc-files-dev.weidmueller.com/dominoqq/, 23 December 2018, iNews, 23 December 2018, id, {{Dead link|date=April 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}The tsunami however did not damage much vital infrastructure.WEB, Menteri PUPR: Infrastruktur Tak Banyak Terdampak Tsunami,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181224072738-20-355977/menteri-pupr-infrastruktur-tak-banyak-terdampak-tsunami, CNN Indonesia, id, 25 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 15 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190115023001/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181224072738-20-355977/menteri-pupr-infrastruktur-tak-banyak-terdampak-tsunami, live, Telecommunications in Banten and Lampung were not heavily affected. There were reports that several base transceiver station were temporarily inoperable.WEB, Tri Haryanto, Agus, Tsunami Anyer, Jaringan Indosat Aman tapi Ada BTS yang Terganggu,inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4355949/tsunami-anyer-jaringan-indosat-aman-tapi-ada-bts-yang-terganggu, id, Detik, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114153415/https://inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4355949/tsunami-anyer-jaringan-indosat-aman-tapi-ada-bts-yang-terganggu, live, 2 days after the tsunami, authorities stated that 99% of telecommunication network in the affected areas had been restored. Electricity in Sumur District, regarded as the most heavily affected area, was restored within 48-hour.NEWS, Pasca-tsunami Selat Sunda, Layanan Telekomunikasi Pulih 99 Persen,tekno.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/18030077/pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda-layanan-telekomunikasi-pulih-99-persen, Kompas, id, 26 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 24 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200724174537/https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/18030077/pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda-layanan-telekomunikasi-pulih-99-persen, live, Communication was fully restored on 28 December, 5 days after the disaster.WEB, Rachmatunnisa, Kominfo: Telekomunikasi Pascatsunami Selat Sunda Pulih 100%,inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4362661/kominfo-telekomunikasi-pascatsunami-selat-sunda-pulih-100, Detik, id, 28 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175150/https://inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4362661/kominfo-telekomunikasi-pascatsunami-selat-sunda-pulih-100, live, The Indonesian government stated that the tsunami caused an estimated total damage of 150 billion rupiah in Tanjung Lesung alone, which is a popular tourist hotspot located in Pandeglang Regency.WEB, Kerugian Kawasan Pantai Tanjung Lesung Ditaksir Rp150 Miliar,www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20181224164314-92-356083/kerugian-kawasan-pantai-tanjung-lesung-ditaksir-rp150-miliar, CNN Indonesia, id, 25 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210558/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20181224164314-92-356083/kerugian-kawasan-pantai-tanjung-lesung-ditaksir-rp150-miliar, live, At least 30% of structures in Tanjung Lesung were damaged or destroyed.WEB, Dwi Afriyadi, Achmad, 30% Bangunan di KEK Tanjung Lesung Rusak Disapu Tsunami,finance.detik.com/properti/d-4357568/30-bangunan-di-kek-tanjung-lesung-rusak-disapu-tsunami, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121010820/https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-4357568/30-bangunan-di-kek-tanjung-lesung-rusak-disapu-tsunami, live, Experts stated that Tanjung Lesung would need at least 6 months to fully recover from the tsunami.WEB, Dwi Afriyadi, Achmad, Disapu Tsunami, Tanjung Lesung Butuh 6 Bulan untuk Pulih,finance.detik.com/properti/d-4357633/disapu-tsunami-tanjung-lesung-butuh-6-bulan-untuk-pulih, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121010850/https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-4357633/disapu-tsunami-tanjung-lesung-butuh-6-bulan-untuk-pulih, live, The Government of South Lampung Regency reported a preliminary damage cost of 202 billion rupiah.WEB, Berdasarkan Hitungan Sementara, Kerugian akibat Tsunami Selat Sunda Capai Rp 202 M,www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/16/berdasarkan-hitungan-sementara-kerugian-akibat-tsunami-selat-sunda-capai-rp-202-m, Tribun News, id, 16 January 2019, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/16/berdasarkan-hitungan-sementara-kerugian-akibat-tsunami-selat-sunda-capai-rp-202-m," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119230939www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/16/berdasarkan-hitungan-sementara-kerugian-akibat-tsunami-selat-sunda-capai-rp-202-m,">web.archive.org/web/20190119230939www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/16/berdasarkan-hitungan-sementara-kerugian-akibat-tsunami-selat-sunda-capai-rp-202-m, live,

Effect on local economy

As the tsunami struck the region popular with tourist and due to the fact that another tsunami had struck Indonesia in September, the presence of another tsunami in December caused substantial fears among Indonesians to travel to or near the beach. Fishermen in Pacitan, East Java decided not to fish due to fears of tsunami.WEB, S, Purwo, Pascatsunami Anyer, Nelayan Pacitan Setop Melaut,news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4356059/pascatsunami-anyer-nelayan-pacitan-setop-melaut, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 24 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200724174411/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-4356059/pascatsunami-anyer-nelayan-pacitan-setop-melaut, live, The Indonesian tourism industry was hit hard.WEB, Hamdani, Trio, Bencana Alam Bikin Bisnis Travel Babak-belur,finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4365025/bencana-alam-bikin-bisnis-travel-babak-belur, Detik, 31 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210329/https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4365025/bencana-alam-bikin-bisnis-travel-babak-belur, live, 90% of reservations in Anyer, Banten was cancelled due to the tsunami.WEB, Hamdani, Trio, Imbas Tsunami, 90% Pesanan Hotel di Anyer Dibatalkan,finance.detik.com/properti/d-4360595/imbas-tsunami-90-pesanan-hotel-di-anyer-dibatalkan, Detik, id, 27 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210411/https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-4360595/imbas-tsunami-90-pesanan-hotel-di-anyer-dibatalkan, live, Travel industry throughout the country reported a drop in reservations and incomes.WEB, Hamdani, Trio, Pendapatan Hotel Akhir Tahun Turun 30% karena Tsunami Anyer,finance.detik.com/properti/d-4360784/pendapatan-hotel-akhir-tahun-turun-30-karena-tsunami-anyer, Detik, 27 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210350/https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-4360784/pendapatan-hotel-akhir-tahun-turun-30-karena-tsunami-anyer, live, Popular beaches in South Lampung had to be closed due to the tsunami.WEB, 4 Kawasan Wisata Lampung yang Lumpuh Dampak Tsunami Selat Sunda,travel.tempo.co/read/1158339/4-kawasan-wisata-lampung-yang-lumpuh-dampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, Tempo, 24 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210408/https://travel.tempo.co/read/1158339/4-kawasan-wisata-lampung-yang-lumpuh-dampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, In Ancol, Jakarta, there were reports of significant drop in tourist arrival.WEB, Takut Terjadi Tsunami, Pengunjung Ancol Sepi,wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/12/26/takut-terjadi-tsunami-pengunjung-ancol-sepi, WartaKota, id, 26 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/12/26/takut-terjadi-tsunami-pengunjung-ancol-sepi," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119174259wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/12/26/takut-terjadi-tsunami-pengunjung-ancol-sepi,">web.archive.org/web/20190119174259wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/12/26/takut-terjadi-tsunami-pengunjung-ancol-sepi, live,

Rising volcanic activity

After the disaster on 22 December, the volcanic activity of Anak Krakatau skyrocketed. A massive eruption occurred on 26 December and the sound of the eruption was noticeably heard by residents in Cianjur, West Java and Ogan Komering Ulu, South Sumatra,WEB, Suara Dentuman Misterius di Jabar dan Sumsel,news.detik.com/berita/4358622/suara-dentuman-misterius-di-jabar-dan-sumsel, Detik, id, 26 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119174753/https://news.detik.com/berita/4358622/suara-dentuman-misterius-di-jabar-dan-sumsel, live, NEWS, Putra, A, Pos Pemantau Pastikan Suara Dentuman Misterius di Sumsel Akibat Erupsi Krakatau,regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/17542311/pos-pemantau-pastikan-suara-dentuman-misterius-di-sumsel-akibat-erupsi, Kompas, id, 27 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119230643/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/26/17542311/pos-pemantau-pastikan-suara-dentuman-misterius-di-sumsel-akibat-erupsi, live, which was located more than 200 km from the volcano. Most people compared the sound of the eruption to a bomb blast or gas tank explosion.WEB, Dentuman Erupsi Anak Krakatau Terdengar Hingga ke Sumsel,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181226200504-20-356585/dentuman-erupsi-anak-krakatau-terdengar-hingga-ke-sumsel, CNN Indonesia, id, 26 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119174501/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181226200504-20-356585/dentuman-erupsi-anak-krakatau-terdengar-hingga-ke-sumsel, live, The Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) stated that sensors would be installed around the volcano and that the volcano would be observed intensively due to its unstable condition. On 27 December, the status of the volcano was raised to Level 3, the second highest danger level. Residents were not allowed to conduct any activities within 5 km of the volcano.WEB, Azis, Abdul, Krakatau Ngamuk Lagi Zona Bahaya Diperluas, Waspada Tsunami Susulan Selat Sunda, Tonton Videonya,makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/12/27/krakatau-ngamuk-lagi-zona-bahaya-diperluas-waspada-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-tonton-videonya, Tribun News, id, 27 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/12/27/krakatau-ngamuk-lagi-zona-bahaya-diperluas-waspada-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-tonton-videonya," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119174619makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/12/27/krakatau-ngamuk-lagi-zona-bahaya-diperluas-waspada-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-tonton-videonya,">web.archive.org/web/20190119174619makassar.tribunnews.com/2018/12/27/krakatau-ngamuk-lagi-zona-bahaya-diperluas-waspada-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-tonton-videonya, live,

Response

(File:Serach and rescue efforts in Lampung after a tsunami struck.jpg|thumb|Heavy equipment and soldiers were dispatched to assist the search and rescue efforts.)

Domestic

President of Indonesia Joko Widodo ordered an immediate field response by BNPB, the Social Ministry, and the Indonesian National Armed Forces.NEWS, Florentin, Vindry, Jokowi Perintahkan Jajarannya Tangani Tsunami Selat Sunda,nasional.tempo.co/read/1158116/jokowi-perintahkan-jajarannya-tangani-tsunami-selat-sunda/full&view=ok, 23 December 2018, Tempo, 23 December 2018, id, 18 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220118054705/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1158116/jokowi-perintahkan-jajarannya-tangani-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Vice President Jusuf Kalla held an emergency meeting with Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Basuki Hadimuljono, Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Syafruddin and the Directorate General of Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Danis Hidayat Sumadilaga in Jakarta to discuss the management of the disaster.WEB, Pimpin Rapat, JK Akan Tinjau Lokasi Terdampak Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356062/pimpin-rapat-jk-akan-tinjau-lokasi-terdampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 24 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200724173151/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356062/pimpin-rapat-jk-akan-tinjau-lokasi-terdampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, The Ministry of Tourism temporarily halted all promotion for tourism to Lampung and Banten.NEWS, Pasca Tsunami, Seluruh Aktivitas Promosi Wisata Banten dan Lampung Dihentikan,travel.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/133958127/pasca-tsunami-seluruh-aktivitas-promosi-wisata-banten-dan-lampung-dihentikan, 23 December 2018, KOMPAS, 23 December 2018, id, 12 September 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190912184729/https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/133958127/pascatsunami-seluruh-aktivitas-promosi-wisata-banten-dan-lampung-dihentikan, live, An emergency response period was set up, spanning two weeks for Pandeglang and a week for South Lampung.NEWS, Medistiara, Yulida, Masa Tanggap Darurat di Pandeglang Ditetapkan 14 Hari, Lampung Selatan 7 Hari,news.detik.com/berita/4358099/masa-tanggap-darurat-di-pandeglang-ditetapkan-14-hari-lampung-selatan-7-hari, 25 December 2018, detiknews, 25 December 2018, id, 26 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181226084233/https://news.detik.com/berita/4358099/masa-tanggap-darurat-di-pandeglang-ditetapkan-14-hari-lampung-selatan-7-hari, live, The emergency response period in South Lampung Regency was later extended to 19 January 2019.WEB, Tanggap Darurat Pasca Tsunami di Lampung Selatan Diperpanjang hingga 19 Januari 2019,www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/06/tanggap-darurat-pasca-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan-diperpanjang-hingga-19-januari-2019, Tribun News, id, 6 January 2019, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/06/tanggap-darurat-pasca-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan-diperpanjang-hingga-19-januari-2019," title="web.archive.org/web/20190126164218www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/06/tanggap-darurat-pasca-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan-diperpanjang-hingga-19-januari-2019,">web.archive.org/web/20190126164218www.tribunnews.com/regional/2019/01/06/tanggap-darurat-pasca-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan-diperpanjang-hingga-19-januari-2019, live, The Ministry of Health sent a freezer container to Pandeglang.WEB, Uyung Pramudiarja, AN, Kemenkes Kirim 1 Kontainer Pendingin Jenazah ke Pandeglang,health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-4358727/kemenkes-kirim-1-kontainer-pendingin-jenazah-ke-pandeglang, Detik, 26 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175143/https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-4358727/kemenkes-kirim-1-kontainer-pendingin-jenazah-ke-pandeglang, live, Ministry of Internal Affairs stated that emergency funds would be provided to repair damaged government buildings in Banten and Lampung.WEB, Wildansyah, Samsudhuha, Mendagri Siapkan Anggaran Perbaiki Kantor Desa Rusak Pascatsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4362056/mendagri-siapkan-anggaran-perbaiki-kantor-desa-rusak-pascatsunami, Detik, id, 28 December 2018, 23 January 2019, 21 May 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190521203933/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4362056/mendagri-siapkan-anggaran-perbaiki-kantor-desa-rusak-pascatsunami, live, Minister of State-owned enterprises of Indonesia Rini Soemarmo donated 3 billion rupiah from her ministry to the survivors.WEB, Setiawan, Robi, Cek Kondisi Sumur Pasca Tsunami Banten, Rini Beri Bantuan Rp 3 M,finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4363652/cek-kondisi-sumur-pasca-tsunami-banten-rini-beri-bantuan-rp-3-m, Detik, id, 29 December 2018, 23 January 2019, 23 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190123223637/https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4363652/cek-kondisi-sumur-pasca-tsunami-banten-rini-beri-bantuan-rp-3-m, live, The Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Culture Puan Maharani stated that the government would provide a 15 million rupiah compensation to each of the victims.WEB, Korban Tewas Tsunami Selat Sunda Dapat Santunan Rp15 Juta,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181225190533-20-356288/korban-tewas-tsunami-selat-sunda-dapat-santunan-rp15-juta, CNN Indonesia, id, 25 December 2018, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126113919/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181225190533-20-356288/korban-tewas-tsunami-selat-sunda-dapat-santunan-rp15-juta, live, Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management would provide 500 million rupiah to the affected areas.WEB, BNPB Akan Cairkan Rp500 Juta untuk Daerah Terdampak Tsunami,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181228174916-20-357110/bnpb-akan-cairkan-rp500-juta-untuk-daerah-terdampak-tsunami, CNN Indonesia, id, 29 December 2019, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126164322/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181228174916-20-357110/bnpb-akan-cairkan-rp500-juta-untuk-daerah-terdampak-tsunami, live, On 26 December, President Joko Widodo examined the damage in Pandeglang Regency. He would supervise the search and rescue efforts in the affected areas.WEB, Prastia, Andhika, Jokowi Pantau Wilayah Terdampak Tsunami di Banten dari Helikopter,news.detik.com/berita/d-4357121/jokowi-pantau-wilayah-terdampak-tsunami-di-banten-dari-helikopter, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175202/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4357121/jokowi-pantau-wilayah-terdampak-tsunami-di-banten-dari-helikopter, live, On his second visit on 2 January, he ordered every local officials in Lampung and Banten to relocate, reconstruct and to “redesign” the coastal residential and commercial zone that are located on the coast. This order was then forwarded to every head of the local governments in Indonesia, especially those who live in an earthquake and tsunami prone area.WEB, Usai Tsunami Selat Sunda, Jokowi Minta Kawasan Pesisir Ditata,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190102131857-20-357928/usai-tsunami-selat-sunda-jokowi-minta-kawasan-pesisir-ditata, CNN Indonesia, id, 2 January 2019, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126113850/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190102131857-20-357928/usai-tsunami-selat-sunda-jokowi-minta-kawasan-pesisir-ditata, live, WEB, Jokowi Beri Tenggat Relokasi Pesisir Lampung Tiga Bulan,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190102184507-20-358027/jokowi-beri-tenggat-relokasi-pesisir-lampung-tiga-bulan, CNN Indonesia, id, 2 January 2019, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126164347/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190102184507-20-358027/jokowi-beri-tenggat-relokasi-pesisir-lampung-tiga-bulan, live, The Indonesian Central Government stated that 1 billion rupiah of aid would be provided to the local governments in Banten and Lampung.WEB, Prasetia, Andhika, Tsunami Anyer-Lampung, Pemerintah Beri Bantuan Rp 1 M,news.detik.com/berita/d-4355773/tsunami-anyer-lampung-pemerintah-beri-bantuan-rp-1-m, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 15 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190115024615/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4355773/tsunami-anyer-lampung-pemerintah-beri-bantuan-rp-1-m, live, The Government of Serang Regency provided aid funds of 4 billion rupiah for the rehabilitation process.WEB, Penanggulangan Tsunami, Pemkab Serang Gelontorkan Dana Rp 4 M,kumparan.com/@kumparannews/penanggulangan-tsunami-pemkab-serang-gelontorkan-dana-rp-4-m-1545628945990211118, Kumparan, id, 24 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210425/https://kumparan.com/@kumparannews/penanggulangan-tsunami-pemkab-serang-gelontorkan-dana-rp-4-m-1545628945990211118, live, On 27 December, the Indonesian Government announced that additional aid worth 1 billion rupiah would be sent to the survivors. The Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs announced that 7 community kitchen were set up across Pandeglang, while 5 others were set up in Lampung.WEB, Prasetia, Andhika, Pemerintah Gelontorkan Rp 2 M untuk Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/d-4360619/pemerintah-gelontorkan-rp-2-m-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 27 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210458/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4360619/pemerintah-gelontorkan-rp-2-m-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Government of West Java sent volunteers, assessment team and emergency funds to Banten.WEB, Solehudin, Mochamad, Tsunami di Selat Sunda, Ridwan Kamil Kirim Tim Bantuan,news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4357129/tsunami-di-selat-sunda-ridwan-kamil-kirim-tim-bantuan, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175157/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4357129/tsunami-di-selat-sunda-ridwan-kamil-kirim-tim-bantuan, live, The Government of Central Java sent 49 volunteers and deployed 6 trucks carrying aid worth Rp 492 million.WEB, Adhitya Purbaya, Angling, Jateng Kirim Puluhan Relawan dan Logistik untuk Korban Tsunami Anyer,news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4361983/jateng-kirim-puluhan-relawan-dan-logistik-untuk-korban-tsunami-anyer, Detik, id, 28 December 2018, 23 January 2019, 23 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190123223115/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-4361983/jateng-kirim-puluhan-relawan-dan-logistik-untuk-korban-tsunami-anyer, live, Government of Banten announced that they would build 700 new permanent houses for the survivors of the tsunami.WEB, Rifa’i, Bahtiar, 700 Hunian Tetap akan Dibangun di Pandeglang untuk Korban Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4387917/700-hunian-tetap-akan-dibangun-di-pandeglang-untuk-korban-tsunami, Detik, id, 16 January 2019, 23 January 2019, 24 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190124041302/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4387917/700-hunian-tetap-akan-dibangun-di-pandeglang-untuk-korban-tsunami, live, In South Lampung Regency, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management announced that they would build temporary housing for the survivors.WEB, Ikhsanudin, Arief, BNPB Bangun Huntara untuk Korban Tsunami di Lampung Selatan,news.detik.com/berita/d-4383062/bnpb-bangun-huntara-untuk-korban-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan, Detik, id, 14 January 2019, 23 January 2019, 22 May 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190522033118/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4383062/bnpb-bangun-huntara-untuk-korban-tsunami-di-lampung-selatan, live, A landslide tsunami in Indonesia is regarded as a rare occurrence by the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management. Thus, it is not considered as an imminent threat and therefore authorities often don’t pay enough attention to it. Due to this fact, the Indonesian Coordinating Ministry for Maritime held a joint discussion with the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency, the Indonesian Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, geological agencies and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences to investigate and to study the tsunami and Mount Anak Krakatau.WEB, Maulana, Farih, Tsunami Banten Dinilai Beda, Kemenko Maritim Kumpulkan Pakar BMKG-LIPI,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356614/tsunami-banten-dinilai-beda-kemenko-maritim-kumpulkan-pakar-bmkg-lipi, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121012324/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356614/tsunami-banten-dinilai-beda-kemenko-maritim-kumpulkan-pakar-bmkg-lipi, live, Multiple political parties sent aids, volunteers, ambulances and logistics to the affected areas. The Great Indonesia Movement Party announced that a community dinner would be held for the survivors of the tsunami. One of the party’s wing, the Kesehatan Rakyat Indonesia (Indonesian People’s Healthcare), had sent logistics, volunteers and clothes to Pandeglang.WEB, Reisha, Tia, Partai Gerindra Ajak Korban Tsunami Banten Makan Malam Bersama,news.detik.com/berita/d-4364798/partai-gerindra-ajak-korban-tsunami-banten-makan-malam-bersama, Detik, id, 30 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119174548/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4364798/partai-gerindra-ajak-korban-tsunami-banten-makan-malam-bersama, live, The East Java branch of the Nasdem Party sent trucks carrying logistics to Banten.WEB, Bantuan Partai NasDem untuk Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,video.medcom.id/headline-news/5b2qrrnN-bantuan-partai-nasdem-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, Medcom, id, 5 January 2019, 19 January 2019, 18 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220118054646/https://video.medcom.id/headline-news/5b2qrrnN-bantuan-partai-nasdem-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Head of the National Awakening Party Muhaimin Iskandar urged his party’s MPs to “secure” the funds that had been relocated by the government for disaster mitigation and to collaborate for further coordination in the handling of the disaster.WEB, Fardiansyah, Achmad, PKB Minta Fraksinya di DPR Kawal Ketat Penambahan Anggaran Bencana,news.okezone.com/read/2018/12/28/337/1997232/pkb-minta-fraksinya-di-dpr-kawal-ketat-penambahan-anggaran-bencana, Okezone, id, 28 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 20 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190120093502/https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/12/28/337/1997232/pkb-minta-fraksinya-di-dpr-kawal-ketat-penambahan-anggaran-bencana, live, The Prosperous Justice Party sent volunteers to the group of islands in Sunda Strait that were cut off by the tsunami to distribute aids.WEB, Relawan PKS Kirim Bantuan Logistik ke Warga di Pulau-pulau Kecil Berpenghuni di Sekitar Selat Sunda,www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/12/26/relawan-pks-kirim-bantuan-logsitik-ke-warga-di-pulau-pulau-kecil-berpenghuni-di-sekitar-selat-sunda, Tribun News, 26 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/12/26/relawan-pks-kirim-bantuan-logsitik-ke-warga-di-pulau-pulau-kecil-berpenghuni-di-sekitar-selat-sunda," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119230952www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/12/26/relawan-pks-kirim-bantuan-logsitik-ke-warga-di-pulau-pulau-kecil-berpenghuni-di-sekitar-selat-sunda,">web.archive.org/web/20190119230952www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2018/12/26/relawan-pks-kirim-bantuan-logsitik-ke-warga-di-pulau-pulau-kecil-berpenghuni-di-sekitar-selat-sunda, live, Crescent Star Party set up a command center in Serang Regency, Banten for the management of the aids distribution.WEB, Atik Fajardin, Mohammad, Partai Bulan Bintang Salurkan Bantuan untuk Korban Tsunami Banten,nasional.sindonews.com/read/1365478/15/partai-bulan-bintang-salurkan-bantuan-untuk-korban-tsunami-banten-1545651746, Sindo News, id, 24 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119231003/https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/1365478/15/partai-bulan-bintang-salurkan-bantuan-untuk-korban-tsunami-banten-1545651746, live, The Speaker of the People’s Representative Council Bambang Soesatyo issued a recommendation to the Indonesian Regional Board for Disaster Management and the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency to fix the “disaster early warning systems” in Indonesia.WEB, Amalia Putri, Zunita, Ketua DPR Minta BMKG Perbaiki Early Warning System Tsunami,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356727/ketua-dpr-minta-bmkg-perbaiki-early-warning-system-tsunami, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121012334/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356727/ketua-dpr-minta-bmkg-perbaiki-early-warning-system-tsunami, live, More than a dozen state-owned enterprises of Indonesia offered assistance to the survivors of the tsunami.WEB, Adhi Chandra, Ardhan, Belasan BUMN Kirim Makanan hingga Alat Berat untuk Korban Tsunami,finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4357332/belasan-bumn-kirim-makanan-hingga-alat-berat-untuk-korban-tsunami, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121064353/https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-4357332/belasan-bumn-kirim-makanan-hingga-alat-berat-untuk-korban-tsunami, live, The Indonesian petrol company Pertamina sent 27,000 LPG tanks to Pandeglang and 200 liters of petroleum to Legundi Island, Lampung.NEWS, Ali Lingga, Murti, Pertamina Kirim 27.000 Elpiji ke Lokasi Terdampak Tsunami Selat Sunda,ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/24/104600726/pertamina-kirim-27.000-elpiji-ke-lokasi-terdampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, Kompas, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121729/https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/24/104600726/pertamina-kirim-27.000-elpiji-ke-lokasi-terdampak-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, NEWS, Bantu Korban Tsunami, Pertamina Kirim 200 Liter BBM ke Pulau Legundi Lampung,ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/25/172209826/bantu-korban-tsunami-pertamina-kirim-200-liter-bbm-ke-pulau-legundi-lampung, Kompas, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121064449/https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/25/172209826/bantu-korban-tsunami-pertamina-kirim-200-liter-bbm-ke-pulau-legundi-lampung, live, Heavy equipment such as excavator were sent to Banten and Lampung. The state-owned pharmaceutical company Bio Farma sent vaccines and medical team.WEB, Dinillah, Mukhlis, Bantu Korban Tsunami, Bio Farma Kirim Relawan dan Vaksin,news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4357848/bantu-korban-tsunami-bio-farma-kirim-relawan-dan-vaksin, Detik, id, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121064812/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-barat/d-4357848/bantu-korban-tsunami-bio-farma-kirim-relawan-dan-vaksin, live, Free vaccination was also provided by the company.WEB, Agustina, Astri, Bio Farma Beri Layanan Vaksinasi Influenza Bagi Korban Tsunami Banten,bandung.merdeka.com/halo-bandung/bio-farma-beri-layanan-vaksinasi-influenza-bagi-korban-tsunami-banten-1812257.html, Merdeka, id, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121064708/https://bandung.merdeka.com/halo-bandung/bio-farma-beri-layanan-vaksinasi-influenza-bagi-korban-tsunami-banten-1812257.html, live, Ignasius Jonan, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, dispatched 17 Emergency Response Team from his ministry to the affected areas.NEWS, Syifa Nurfadilah, Putri, Jonan Instruksikan ESDM dan PLN Bantu Pemulihan Pasca-tsunami Selat Sunda,ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/24/162300626/jonan-instruksikan-esdm-dan-pln-bantu-pemulihan-pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda, Kompas, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 24 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200724180028/https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/12/24/162300626/jonan-instruksikan-esdm-dan-pln-bantu-pemulihan-pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Telkomsel sent 400 units of sembako, dozens of instant food, blankets, and other essential supplies worth 170 million rupiah.WEB, Tri Haryanto, Agus, Telkom Salurkan Bantuan di Lokasi Bencana Tsunami Selat Sunda,inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4358422/telkom-salurkan-bantuan-di-lokasi-bencana-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175159/https://inet.detik.com/telecommunication/d-4358422/telkom-salurkan-bantuan-di-lokasi-bencana-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, The Indonesian Red Cross created a website for the families whose relatives went missing in the tsunami.WEB, Dhwinuari Antony, Noval, PMI Luncurkan Situs Pencari Korban Hilang Pascatsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356927/pmi-luncurkan-situs-pencari-korban-hilang-pascatsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121180650/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356927/pmi-luncurkan-situs-pencari-korban-hilang-pascatsunami-selat-sunda, live, 300 Indonesian Red Cross volunteers from Banten were sent to Serang and Pandeglang.WEB, Wulandari, Asri, PMI Pusatkan Bantuan di Pandeglang dan Serang,www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181224122759-20-356012/pmi-pusatkan-bantuan-di-pandeglang-dan-serang, CNN Indonesia, id, 25 December 2018, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126164213/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20181224122759-20-356012/pmi-pusatkan-bantuan-di-pandeglang-dan-serang, live, Banser, a Nahdlatul Ulama affiliated organisation, sent hundreds of volunteers to the affected areas.WEB, Putra Ratya, Meha, Banser Turunkan Ratusan Anggota Bantu Korban Tsunami Anyer & Lampung,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356948/banser-turunkan-ratusan-anggota-bantu-korban-tsunami-anyer--lampung, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121180646/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356948/banser-turunkan-ratusan-anggota-bantu-korban-tsunami-anyer--lampung, live, More than 5,000 people were displaced by the tsunami, with 3,050 people in Pandeglang Regency, Banten and more than 2,500 in Lampung.NEWS, Dwi Novianto, Raka, BNPB: Jumlah Pengungsi Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda Meningkat, Sindonews.com,daerah.sindonews.com/read/1367438/174/bnpb-jumlah-pengungsi-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-meningkat-1546435766, Sindo News, id, 2 January 2019, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119230714/https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/1367438/174/bnpb-jumlah-pengungsi-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-meningkat-1546435766, live, Local mosques and fields were turned into evacuation centre. In Lampung, the regional government buildings were declared as a crisis center and as an evacuation center. On 2 January, officials announced that nearly 40,000 people had evacuated to the nearest evacuation centre, of whom more than 22,000 were from Pandeglang Regency and nearly 8,000 were from Lampung. In Pandeglang, more than 12,000 people evacuated due to trauma from the tsunami, while the other 10,000 evacuated as their houses had been either damaged or destroyed. 41 schools were turned into evacuation centers.Following the tsunami, a malfunction caused the tsunami warning siren at a Pandeglang village to ring and prompted residents to evacuate.NEWS, Beredar Kabar Tsunami Lanjutan di Banten, Ini Klarifikasi BNPB,nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/12533271/beredar-kabar-tsunami-lanjutan-di-banten-ini-klarifikasi-bnpb, 23 December 2018, KOMPAS, 23 December 2018, id, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223121222/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/12/23/12533271/beredar-kabar-tsunami-lanjutan-di-banten-ini-klarifikasi-bnpb, live, Meanwhile, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management warned coastal residents that there was a possibility that another tsunami would strike the region again, citing the unstable condition of the slope due to the landslide. Officials announced that at least 2 new cracks, one of which was 1 km long,WEB, Tsunami Susulan karena Kondisi Terkini Gunung Anak Krakatau Dikhawatirkan BMKG, Tsunami Banten?,banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2019/01/02/tsunami-susulan-karena-kondisi-terkini-gunung-anak-krakatau-dikhawatirkan-bmkg-tsunami-banten, Tribun News, id, 2 January 2019, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2019/01/02/tsunami-susulan-karena-kondisi-terkini-gunung-anak-krakatau-dikhawatirkan-bmkg-tsunami-banten," title="web.archive.org/web/20190119174440banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2019/01/02/tsunami-susulan-karena-kondisi-terkini-gunung-anak-krakatau-dikhawatirkan-bmkg-tsunami-banten,">web.archive.org/web/20190119174440banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2019/01/02/tsunami-susulan-karena-kondisi-terkini-gunung-anak-krakatau-dikhawatirkan-bmkg-tsunami-banten, live, had been formed on the volcano and that these cracks could widen if a magnitude 3.4 earthquake or stronger occur near the volcano, which could cause another landslide and could trigger another devastating tsunami.WEB, Guruh Nuary, R, Tebing Anak Krakatau Bisa Longsor Jika Getaran Capai Kekuatan M 3,4,news.detik.com/berita/d-4358607/tebing-anak-krakatau-bisa-longsor-jika-getaran-capai-kekuatan-m-34, Detik, 26 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119174630/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4358607/tebing-anak-krakatau-bisa-longsor-jika-getaran-capai-kekuatan-m-34, live, Residents who lived within 1 km of the coastline were evacuated.WEB, Hadi, Usman, BNPB: Ada Potensi Tsunami Susulan Selat Sunda, Jauhi Pantai,news.detik.com/berita/d-4356158/bnpb-ada-potensi-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-jauhi-pantai, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 19 January 2019, 19 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190119174758/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4356158/bnpb-ada-potensi-tsunami-susulan-selat-sunda-jauhi-pantai, live, In response to the tsunami, Facebook activated its safety check.WEB, Fathoni W, Kris, Tsunami Selat Sunda, Cek Kondisi Teman dan Kerabat via Facebook,inet.detik.com/cyberlife/d-4356009/tsunami-selat-sunda-cek-kondisi-teman-dan-kerabat-via-facebook, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210204/https://inet.detik.com/cyberlife/d-4356009/tsunami-selat-sunda-cek-kondisi-teman-dan-kerabat-via-facebook, live, In social media, thousands of Indonesians offered their condolences and started online fundraising.WEB, Rachmatunnisa, #PrayforAnyer, Duka Korban Tsunami di Penghujung Tahun,inet.detik.com/cyberlife/d-4355822/prayforanyer-duka-korban-tsunami-di-penghujung-tahun, Detik, id, 23 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114153321/https://inet.detik.com/cyberlife/d-4355822/prayforanyer-duka-korban-tsunami-di-penghujung-tahun, live, Charity lines were set up and charity concerts were also conducted throughout the country.WEB, Musisi Bandung Gelar Konser Galang Dana Untuk Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,m.merdeka.com/bandung/halo-bandung/musisi-bandung-gelar-konser-galang-dana-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-1812305.html, Okezone, id, 30 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210412/https://m.merdeka.com/bandung/halo-bandung/musisi-bandung-gelar-konser-galang-dana-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda-1812305.html, live, WEB, Syahreza, Erzal, Konser Amal Tsunami Selat Sunda, Dana Terkumpul Rp 433 Juta,lampungpro.com/post/17043/konser-amal-tsunami-selat-sunda-dana-terkumpul-rp443-juta, Lampungpro, id, 11 January 2019, 14 January 2019, {{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}WEB, Prawira Riandi, Ady, Lolos dari Tsunami Selat Sunda, Band Element Siap Gelar Konser Amal,celebrity.okezone.com/read/2018/12/30/33/1997650/lolos-dari-tsunami-selat-sunda-band-element-siap-gelar-konser-amal, Okezone, id, 30 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210340/https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2018/12/30/33/1997650/lolos-dari-tsunami-selat-sunda-band-element-siap-gelar-konser-amal, live, Prayer services for the victims were also held throughout the country.NEWS, Sari, Nursita, Malam Tahun Baru, DKI Gelar Doa Bersama untuk Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2018/12/30/13244081/malam-tahun-baru-dki-gelar-doa-bersama-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, Kompas, id, 30 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114210403/https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2018/12/30/13244081/malam-tahun-baru-dki-gelar-doa-bersama-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, WEB, Zhacky, Mochamad, KBRI dan WNI di Belanda Doa Bersama untuk Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/4361649/kbri-dan-wni-di-belanda-doa-bersama-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 28 December 2018, 14 January 2019, 14 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190114153321/https://news.detik.com/berita/4361649/kbri-dan-wni-di-belanda-doa-bersama-untuk-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, live,

International

Hours after the event, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison offered aid for the affected areas.NEWS, Ellis-Petersen, Hannah, Indonesia tsunami: 220 dead and ‘many missing’ after Anak Krakatoa erupts- latest updates,www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/dec/23/indonesia-tsunami-dozens-dead-hundreds-injured-after-anak-krakatoa-erupts, 23 December 2018, The Guardian, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223042049/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/dec/23/indonesia-tsunami-dozens-dead-hundreds-injured-after-anak-krakatoa-erupts, live, Aids were also sent by Oxfam Australia.WEB, Lembaga AS dan Israel Kirim Bantuan Buat Korban Tsunami,www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20181228191808-106-357147/lembaga-as-dan-israel-kirim-bantuan-buat-korban-tsunami, CNN Indonesia, id, 28 December 2018, 26 January 2019, 26 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190126113837/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20181228191808-106-357147/lembaga-as-dan-israel-kirim-bantuan-buat-korban-tsunami, live, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi also offered condolences and help.WEB, Modi, Narendra, Saddened by the loss of lives and destruction in Indonesia caused by the Tsunami after the eruption of a volcano. Condolences to the bereaved families and wishing the injured an early recovery. India is ready to assist our maritime neighbour and friend in relief work. @jokowi,twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1076836070472515585, @narendramodi, Twitter, en, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018, 21 May 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200521085957/https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1076836070472515585, live, NEWS,www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pm-modi-condoles-loss-of-lives-in-indonesian-tsunami-118122300531_1.html, PM Modi condoles loss of lives in Indonesian tsunami, 23 December 2018, Business Standard, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223203229/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pm-modi-condoles-loss-of-lives-in-indonesian-tsunami-118122300531_1.html, live, Queen Elizabeth, along with Prince Philip, also offered their condolences.WEB, Atriana, Rina, Ratu Elizabeth Kirim Pesan ke Jokowi, Berduka untuk Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/d-4357767/ratu-elizabeth-kirim-pesan-ke-jokowi-berduka-untuk-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 25 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181225082407/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4357767/ratu-elizabeth-kirim-pesan-ke-jokowi-berduka-untuk-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Chinese President Xi Jinping and South Korean President Moon Jae-in also offered their condolences and wished for quick recovery for the victims.WEB, Presiden China Kirim Duka Cita Tsunami Selat Sunda ke Jokowi,www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20181224193116-113-356109/presiden-china-kirim-duka-cita-tsunami-selat-sunda-ke-jokowi, CNN Indonesia, id, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121819/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20181224193116-113-356109/presiden-china-kirim-duka-cita-tsunami-selat-sunda-ke-jokowi, live, Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail also offered assistance.NEWS, Malaysia ready to help Indonesia after tsunami strikes Sunda Strait,www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/12/23/malaysia-ready-to-help-indonesia-after-tsunami-strikes-sunda-strait/, 23 December 2018, Free Malaysia Today, 23 December 2018, 24 November 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201124203204/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/12/23/malaysia-ready-to-help-indonesia-after-tsunami-strikes-sunda-strait/, dead, Singaporean President Halimah Yacob and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong also sent a letter of condolence to President Joko Widodo.NEWS,www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/singapore-deeply-saddened-by-tsunami-in-indonesia-no-reports-of-singaporeans-affected, Singapore deeply saddened by tsunami in Indonesia, no reports of Singaporeans affected: MFA, The Straits Times, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018, 23 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181223211729/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/singapore-deeply-saddened-by-tsunami-in-indonesia-no-reports-of-singaporeans-affected, live, The Singapore Red Cross pledged S$50,000 in humanitarian aid and would send volunteers and medical team to Banten and Lampung.WEB, Singapore Red Cross pledges S$50,000 in aid for Indonesia tsunami victim,www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/indonesia-tsunami-singapore-red-cross-pledges-s-50-000-in-aid-11059278, Channel News Asia, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121836/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/indonesia-tsunami-singapore-red-cross-pledges-s-50-000-in-aid-11059278, live, A public fundraising conducted by the Singapore Red Cross managed to collect a total of S$80,000, which would be used for buying aids and supplies for the survivors.WEB, Lim, Sean, Singapore Red Cross has received S$80,000 from public fundraising for Indonesian tsunami relief efforts â€“ here’s how you can help,www.businessinsider.sg/singapore-red-cross-has-received-s80000-from-public-fundraising-for-indonesian-tsunami-relief-efforts-heres-how-you-can-help/, Business Insider, 28 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121825/https://www.businessinsider.sg/singapore-red-cross-has-received-s80000-from-public-fundraising-for-indonesian-tsunami-relief-efforts-heres-how-you-can-help/, dead, U.S. President Donald Trump sent condolences and prayers to the victims, stating that “America is with you”.WEB, Fadhil, Haris, Trump Hingga PM India Ucapkan Belasungkawa untuk Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/internasional/d-4356952/trump-hingga-pm-india-ucapkan-belasungkawa-untuk-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121012333/https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4356952/trump-hingga-pm-india-ucapkan-belasungkawa-untuk-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, Pope Francis sent condolences to Indonesia, asking people to pray for the victims.WEB, Amalia Putri, Zunita, Paus Fransiskus Doakan Korban Tsunami di Perairan Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/internasional/d-4356651/paus-fransiskus-doakan-korban-tsunami-di-perairan-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121012329/https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4356651/paus-fransiskus-doakan-korban-tsunami-di-perairan-selat-sunda, live, Later on, the Pope sent his contribution to the relief efforts through the Vatican’s Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development.WEB, Gomes, Robin, Pope’s initial contribution to Indonesia’s tsunami relief operations,www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2018-12/pope-s-initial-contribution-to-indonesia-s-tsunami-relief-operat.html, Vatican News, 29 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121232428/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2018-12/pope-s-initial-contribution-to-indonesia-s-tsunami-relief-operat.html, live, Russian President Vladimir Putin phoned President Joko Widodo and offered his condolences.WEB, Maulana, Victor, Hubungi Jokowi, Putin Sampaikan Belasungkawa atas Tsunami Selat Sunda,international.sindonews.com/read/1365424/41/hubungi-jokowi-putin-sampaikan-belasungkawa-atas-tsunami-selat-sunda-1545642106, Sindo News, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121010753/https://international.sindonews.com/read/1365424/41/hubungi-jokowi-putin-sampaikan-belasungkawa-atas-tsunami-selat-sunda-1545642106, live, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern extended her condolences and offered relief and recovery efforts to Indonesia following the tsunami.WEB, Tyson, Jessica, PM offers assistance to Indonesia’s tsunami recovery,www.maoritelevision.com/news/politics/pm-offers-assistance-indonesias-tsunami-recovery, Maori Television, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121123317/https://www.maoritelevision.com/news/politics/pm-offers-assistance-indonesias-tsunami-recovery, live, New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters stated that the government would send $1.5 million to help the recovery efforts through the International Federation of the Red Cross.WEB, NZ contributing $1.5 million towards Sunda Strait tsunami recovery,reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/nz-contributing-15-million-towards-sunda-strait-tsunami-recovery, ReliefWeb, 31 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175158/https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/nz-contributing-15-million-towards-sunda-strait-tsunami-recovery, live, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe immediately phoned President Joko Widodo to offer his condolences and also stated that Japan would provide aid to Indonesia.WEB, Abe: Japan to provide aid to Indonesia,www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20181225_24/, NHK, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121232537/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20181225_24/, 21 January 2019, dead, Israeli Foreign Ministry offered “profound sympathies” for the affected. Israel-based international humanitarian aid agency IsraAID sent emergency response team to Banten and LampungNEWS, Oster, Marcy, Jewish groups offer aid after hundreds killed in Indonesian tsunami,www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-groups-offer-aid-after-hundreds-killed-in-indonesian-tsunami/, The Times of Israel, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175121/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-groups-offer-aid-after-hundreds-killed-in-indonesian-tsunami/, live, Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte ordered several national government agencies to prepare the financial assistance to Indonesia.WEB, Visaya Jr, Villamor, PH to send aid to tsunami-stricken Indonesia,www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057883, Philippine News Agency, 3 January 2019, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057883," title="web.archive.org/web/20190121232530www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057883,">web.archive.org/web/20190121232530www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1057883, live, Taiwan Foreign Ministry announced that the Taiwanese Government would donate US$500,000 to support relief efforts in Indonesia.NEWS, Talk of the week: Taiwan announces US$500,000 for Indonesian tsunami relief fund,www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/04/talk-week-taiwan-announces-us500000-indonesian-tsunami-relief-fund.html, The Jakarta Post, 4 January 2019, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175147/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/04/talk-week-taiwan-announces-us500000-indonesian-tsunami-relief-fund.html, live, The European Union extended their sympathies for the victims and announced that they would provide â‚¬80,000 for the relief efforts.WEB, EU brings additional relief to the victims of recent natural disasters in Indonesia,reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/eu-brings-additional-relief-victims-recent-natural-disasters-indonesia, ReliefWeb, 29 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175138/https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/eu-brings-additional-relief-victims-recent-natural-disasters-indonesia, live, Jamaica Tourism Minister, Edmund Bartlett, offered assistance through the Global Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Centre.NEWS, Global Resilience Centre offers assistance to tsunami-hit Indonesia Bartlett,www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Global_Resilience_Centre_offers_assistance_to_tsunami-hit_Indonesia_Bartlett, Jamaica Observer, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Global_Resilience_Centre_offers_assistance_to_tsunami-hit_Indonesia_Bartlett," title="web.archive.org/web/20190121232435www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Global_Resilience_Centre_offers_assistance_to_tsunami-hit_Indonesia_Bartlett,">web.archive.org/web/20190121232435www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Global_Resilience_Centre_offers_assistance_to_tsunami-hit_Indonesia_Bartlett, live, Japan Governor of Ehime Prefecture Tokihiro Nakamura met with Vice President Jusuf Kalla on 14 January to deliver donations collected from several local governments in Ehime.WEB, Dhwinuari Antony, Noval, Bertemu JK, Pemda Ehime Jepang Beri Bantuan ke Korban Tsunami Selat Sunda,news.detik.com/berita/d-4384166/bertemu-jk-pemda-ehime-jepang-beri-bantuan-ke-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, Detik, id, 14 January 2019, 23 January 2019, 24 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200724173817/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4384166/bertemu-jk-pemda-ehime-jepang-beri-bantuan-ke-korban-tsunami-selat-sunda, live, The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee provided health services, aids and supplies for the survivors. The international humanitarian organisation Islamic Relief provided aids and essential supplies to the affected, stating that they were working together with local humanitarian organisation PKPU Human Initiative.WEB, IR continues to help people affected by tsunami,reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/ir-continues-help-people-affected-tsunami, ReliefWeb, 2 January 2019, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175147/https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/ir-continues-help-people-affected-tsunami, live, Baltimore-based Catholic Relief Services sent emergency team and provided temporary shelter for the survivors.WEB, CRS responds to latest Indonesian tsunami following back-to-back emergencies,reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/crs-responds-latest-indonesian-tsunami-following-back-back-emergencies, ReliefWeb, 2 January 2019, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175133/https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/crs-responds-latest-indonesian-tsunami-following-back-back-emergencies, live, Christian Aid sent medical team to the affected areas.WEB, Christian Aid partner sends crisis team in aftermath of Indonesia tsunami,www.christiantoday.com/article/christian-aid-partner-sends-crisis-team-in-aftermath-of-indonesia-tsunami/131321.htm, Christian Today, 24 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121846/https://www.christiantoday.com/article/christian-aid-partner-sends-crisis-team-in-aftermath-of-indonesia-tsunami/131321.htm, live, The Malaysian Consultative Council for Islamic Organisations (MAPIM) sent volunteers and aids to the survivors. Humanitarian Care Malaysia (MyCARE) also sent basic aids to the survivors.NEWS, Sunda straits tsunami: NGOs begin sending aid,www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/443928/sunda-straits-tsunami-ngos-begin-sending-aid, New Straits Times, 25 December 2018, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121121734/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/443928/sunda-straits-tsunami-ngos-begin-sending-aid, live, MÃ©decins Sans FrontiÃ¨res sent medical team and provided mobile clinics and health services to the survivors.WEB, Thank God, my family is safe!,www.msf.org/thank-god-my-family-safe-indonesia, MÃ©decins Sans FrontiÃ¨res, 3 January 2019, 21 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121175202/https://www.msf.org/thank-god-my-family-safe-indonesia, live, In the aftermath of the tsunami, at least 3 countries; Australia, Canada, and United Kingdom, issued travel advice for its citizens.WEB, Agriyana, Shinta, Pasca Tsunami Selat Sunda, 3 Negara Keluarkan Travel Advice ke Indonesia,travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-4356801/pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda-3-negara-keluarkan-travel-advice-ke-indonesia, Detik, id, 24 December 2018, 20 January 2019, 21 January 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190121010822/https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-4356801/pasca-tsunami-selat-sunda-3-negara-keluarkan-travel-advice-ke-indonesia, live,

References

External links

{{Wikinews|Indonesia tsunami hits Sunda Strait after Krakatoa eruption}}{{commons category|2018 Sunda Strait tsunami}}

{{ReliefWeb-link|ts-2018-000423-idn}}

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2018 Sunda Strait tsunami

Background

Tsunami

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Rising volcanic activity

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