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{{Short description|Chinese surname}}{{for|the less common surname ç« |Zhang (surname ç« )}}

factoids

(Mandarin IPA)Zhāng (Pinyin)Zoeng1(Cantonese Jyutping) Tiuⁿ (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)| language = Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese| languageorigin = Old Chinese| origin = Nie (surname)>NieArchery>archer, bowyer, a measure wordChang (surname)>Chang, Zhang (Mandarin)Cheung (surname) (Cantonese)Cheong (Macao, Malaysia)Tiong, Diong (Eastern Min)Tsan, Tsaon (Shanghainese)Teoh (surname)>Teoh, Teo (surname) (Hokkien, Teochew)Tew (Teochew)Chong (surname)>Chong, Cheong (Hakka)Cheong (Gan)Jang (surname), Chang (surname)>Chang () (Korean)Trương, Trang (Vietnamese)Tjong (Indonesia)| cognate = | derivative = | seealso = | family = }}Zhang ({{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-zhāng.ogg|zh|ang|1}}) is the third most common surname in China and Taiwan (commonly spelled as "Chang" in Taiwan), and it is one of the most common surnames in the world.WEB, Tongji weixun, Tongji weixun 统计微讯, 23 June 2014, zh:张、王、李、赵谁最多—2010年人口普查姓氏结构和分布特点,weblink 19 October 2020, mp.weixin.qq.com, zh, NEWS, 15 April 2013, zh:最新版百家姓排行榜出炉：王姓成中国第一大姓, zh, Latest surname ranking: Wang is the number one surname in China, Xinhua News Agency,weblink dead, 21 November 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130415090720weblink">weblink 15 April 2013, Zhang is the pinyin romanization of the very common Chinese surname written }} in simplified characters and }} in traditional characters. It is spoken in the first tone: Zhāng. It is a surname that exists in many languages and cultures, corresponding to the surname 'Archer' in English for example.WEB, Zhang Family History,weblinkweblink 17 July 2018, 17 July 2018, Ancestry.ca, en, In the Wade-Giles system of romanization, it is romanized as "Chang", which is commonly used in Taiwan; "Cheung" is commonly used in Hong Kong as a romanization.It is also the pinyin romanization of the less-common surnames ' (Zhāng), which is the 40th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem. There is the even-less common ' (Zhǎng). Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide.WEB, What are the 10 most common last names in the world?,weblinkweblink 20 May 2018, 17 May 2018, Reference.com, A commonly cited but erroneous factoid in the 1990 Guinness Book of Records listed it as the world's most common surname,BOOK, McFarlan, Donald, 1990 Guinness Book of World Records, 2001, Sterling Pub. Co., 189205101X, but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim.

Romanization

• Chang in Taiwan and among the Chinese diaspora using older romanization systems. However, Zhang has been the official first-recommended translation for å¼µ in Taiwan since 2017.
• Cheung in Cantonese; Cheong in Macao and Malaysia;
• Teo and Teoh in Hokkien and Teochew;
• Chong and Cheong in Hakka;
• Tsan and Tsaon among Wu Chinese varieties like Shanghainese;{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
• Cheong in Gan; and Tiong in Eastern Min and the Philippines; and
• Tjong, Sutiono or Tiono in Indonesia.

Distribution

{{for|list of people with surname Zhang|List of people with surname Zhang}}As mentioned above, is the third-most-common surname in mainland China, making up 6.83% of the population of the People's Republic of China.WEB, 24 April 2007, zh:公安部统计：'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人, Public Security Bureau Statistics: 'Wang' Found China's #1 'Big Family', Includes 92.88m People,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304115438weblink">weblink 4 March 2016, 27 March 2012, news.eastday.com, zh, In 2019 it was the most common surname in exactly one provincial-level division, Shanghai municipality.NEWS, 20 January 2020, zh:2019年全国姓名报告出炉，这十个姓名使用最多, zh,weblink 23 March 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200323054611weblink">weblink 23 March 2020, zh:新京报网, In Taiwan, is the fourth-most-common surname, making up 5.26% of the population of the Republic of China. In 2019 it was again the third most common surname in Mainland China.Zhang Wei (张伟) has been the most common family name and given name combination in China for many years.Among the Chinese diaspora, the name remains common but takes on various romanizations. "Chong" is the 19th-most-common surname among Chinese Singaporeans;WEB, Popular Chinese Surnames in Singapore,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080223075738weblink">weblink 23 February 2008, 14 April 2012, Statistics Singapore, "Chang" is the 6th-most-common surname among Chinese Americans; and "Zhang" was the 7th-most-common particularly Chinese surname found in a 2010 survey of Ontario's Registered Persons Database of Canadian health card recipients.JOURNAL, Shah, Baiju R., Chiu, Maria, Amin, Shubarna, Ramani, Meera, Sadry, Sharon, Tu, Jack V., 2010, Surname Lists to Identify South Asian and Chinese Ethnicity from Secondary Data in Ontario, Canada: A Validation Study, BMC Medical Research Methodology, en, 10, 1, 42, 10.1186/1471-2288-10-42, 2877682, 20470433, free,

History

Characters

Families

The traditional origin of the surname (Old Chinese: *C. traŋ{{Citation |last1=Baxter |first1=William H. |title=Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction |date=2011 |url=http://crlao.ehess.fr/docannexe.php?id=1207 |page=143 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064509weblink |access-date=11 October 2011 |archive-date=25 April 2012 |last2=Sagart |first2=Laurent |via=crlao.ehess.fr |mode=cs1 |url-status=dead}}) is rooted in Chinese legend. The fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, Qing Yangshi ({{zh|t=|s=|p=Qīng Yángshì}}), had a son Hui ({{zh|t=|s=|p=Huī|labels=no}}) who was inspired by the Heavenly Bow constellation (, Tiān Gōng Xīng) to invent the bow and arrow. Hui was then promoted to "First Bow" (}}, Gōng Zhèng) and bestowed the surname , which{{spaced ndash}}when broken into its constituent radicals{{spaced ndash}}means "widening bow" or "archer". Its Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as Trjang.

Other origins

• for some families, it is traced back to Xie Zhang (解張), whose style name was Zhang Hou (張侯, lit “Marquis Zhang”) a noble in Jin during the Spring and Autumn period.
• from the family of Zhang Liao (張遼), an official in Cao Wei during Three Kingdoms period. Zhāng Liao's family had changed from Nie to Zhang to avoid association with his disgraced ancestor Nie Yi (聶壹).(本聶壹之後，以避怨變姓。) BOOK, Sanguozhi, 17,
• the surname is also traced back to Long Youna, chief of a minority ethnic groups during the Three Kingdoms period, who was given the Chinese surname Zhang (å¼µ) by Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu.

See also

• Chinese name
• Chinese surname
• List of common Chinese surnames
• TrÆ°Æ¡ng, Zhang in Vietnamese

References

{{reflist}}{{100 Most Common Family Names in Mainland China}}{{surname|Zhang}}