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| image_flag = Flag of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Sakhalin oblast).svg| flag_caption = | image_coa = Coat of Arms of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.svg| coa_caption = | anthem = | anthem_ref = | holiday = | holiday_ref = | federal_subject = Sakhalin Oblast| federal_subject_ref = | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = city of federal subject significance>city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = | capital_of_ref = | adm_ctr_of1 = Sakhalin Oblast| adm_ctr_of1_ref = | adm_ctr_of2 = city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk| adm_ctr_of2_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City| inhabloc_cat_ref = | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = | mun_district_jur_ref = | urban_okrug_jur = Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug| urban_okrug_jur_ref = Law #524| urban_settlement_jur = | urban_settlement_jur_ref = | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug | mun_admctr_of1_ref = | mun_admctr_of2 = | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head| leader_title_ref = | leader_name = Sergey NadsadinWEBSITE=ASTV.RU, ru, | representative_body = | representative_body_ref = | elevation_m = | area_km2 = 164.7| area_km2_ref = | pop_2010census = 181728| pop_2010census_rank = 99th2010Census}}| pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | established_date = 1882| established_title = | established_date_ref = | current_cat_date = 1905| current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 693000| postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 4242; +7 424Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin {{in lang>ru}}| website =weblink}}Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (, {{IPA-ru|ˈjuʐnÉ™ sÉ™xɐˈlʲinsk|IPA|Ru-Южно-Сахалинск.ogg}}, {{lit|South Sakhalin city}}) is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan.WEB,weblink Where is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia?, WorldAtlas, en, 2018-09-25, Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. It was called Vladimirovka () from 1882 to 1905, then {{nihongo|Toyohara|豊原市|Toyohara-shi|lead=yes}} during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 181,728.{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}

History

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk began as a small Russian settlement called Vladimirovka, founded by convicts in 1882.Южно-сахалинск - Исторический словарь - Словари и Энциклопедии The Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, which brought an end to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, awarded the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan. Vladimirovka was renamed Toyohara (meaning "bountiful plain"), and was the prefect capital of the Japanese Karafuto Prefecture.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}During the Soviet–Japanese War within World War II, the city was captured by Soviet troops. Ownership of the city was transferred to the Soviet Union and it was renamed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Town status was granted to it in 1946.File:Vladimirovka.gif|Early days of VladimirovkaFile:Japanese SL D51-22.jpg|This Japanese D51 steam locomotive stands outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway StationFile:Католическая церковь в Южно-Сахалинске. (1).JPG|Catholic church in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Administrative and municipal status

(File:Location of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk District (Sakhalin Oblast).svg|thumb|left|Administrative borders of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk District within Sakhalin Oblast)Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is the administrative center of the oblast.Law #25-ZO Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is incorporated as Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Urban Okrug.

Economy and infrastructure

Due to significant investment from oil companies like ExxonMobil and Shell, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk has experienced substantial economic growth. Although this growth has primarily occurred in the northern part of the island, both companies maintain headquarters and residential complexes in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk itself. The demand for natural resources by the Japanese, Chinese, and South Koreans has ensured continued prosperity in the foreseeable future for the entire island.There has been significant criticism, including from Presidential Envoy Kamil Iskhakov, that Sakhalin is not caring for its citizens. Despite sizable gas deposits and incoming investments from gas companies, the regional administration does not yet have plans for the installation of gas services on the island. However, several improvements in the city have been made in the past 10 years, and it continues to grow in various aspects every year. {{citation needed|date=July 2014}}One of the very few remaining Japanese buildings in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk now functions as the local museum. The building was designed in the Emperor's Crown Style by Japanese architect Yoshio Kaizuka, and completed in 1937.WEB,weblink Sakhalin Regional Museum, File:Downtown Yuzhno.jpg|Central part of Yuzhno-SakhalinskFile:Toyohara museum.jpg|Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum during Japanese ruleFile:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Museum July 2012.jpg|Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum in 2012

Transportation

The city hosts the head office of Aurora Airline, subsidiary of Aeroflot. it is served by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport. The city is also the hub for the island's narrow gauge railway network that underwent conversion to Russian broad gauge in August 2019."Российская колея по всему Сахалину: движение открыто". In addition to railways, the town is also a hub for roadways, such as the A-391 (which travels south to Korsakov) and the A-392 (which travels west to Kholmsk).Due to restrictions, foreigners wishing to leave Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in order to travel to any other part of the Sakhalin Oblast and its internal and territorial waters are required to seek permission from the Federal Security Service (FSB) and the Border Guard. Scuba diving and recreating on the seacoast is permitted only in places defined by the Border Guard.Freedom of movement for foreigners on Sakhalin restrictedYuzhno Sakhalinsk train station.JPG|Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station22090307285-yuzhno-sakhalinsk-airport-2015-russia.jpg|Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk AirportAurora_Airbus_A319_at_SVO.jpg|Airbus A319 of Aurora AirlineПроспект Победы. Вид снизу. (1).JPG|Toyohara Avenue

Education

Institutes of elementary and middle education include Sakhalin International School.Institutes of higher education in the city include Sakhalin State University and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Institute of Economics, Law and Informatics. There are also some branches of other universities:

• Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk institute (branch) of Russian State trade-economics university
• Branch of Far East State university of railways
• Branch of Modern Academy of the humanities
• Branch of The Pacific State economics university
• Branch of Russian economics academy named after G.V. Plekhanov
• Branch of Far East law institute

Sport

There exist numerous sport venues and clubs in Sakhalin. FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, PSK Sakhalin, (:ru:Восток-65|Vostok-65), (:ru:Сахалинские Акулы|Sakhalin Sharks), (:ru:Сахалин (волейбольный клуб)|Sakhalin) for football,WEB,weblink О клубе, hockey, basketball,WEB,weblink Суперлига. Сергей Гришаев назначен новым главным тренером "Сахалина", January 27, 2017, youth hockey and volleyballWEB,weblink Глава Сахалинской области просит допустить ВК "Сахалин" к участию в Суперлиге / Россия - Женская лига / VolleyballNews.ru: Все новости волейбола, respectively. Mount Bolshevik provides the (:ru:Горный воздух|Gorny Vozdukh) ("Mountain Air") ski resort which is qualified for international competitions.WEB,weblink Gorny Vozdukh (Mountain Air), 2015-sakhalin-oji_eagles.jpg|PSK Sakhalin players in Crystal Ice Palace Spartak_Stadium_Yuzhno_Sakhalinsk.JPG|Spartak Stadium of FC Sakhalin Yuzhno-SakhalinskГорный воздух Южно-Сахалинске.JPG|(:ru:Горный воздух|Gorny Vozdukh) ski resortGondola_lift_to_Skiing_resorts_"Gorny_Vozdukh"_in_summer._Sakhalin,_Russia.jpg|Ski lifts of (:ru:Горный воздух|Gorny Vozdukh) ski resort Арена-Сити. Южно-Сахалинск..JPG|Arena City Ice Palace

Mass media

Television

• 3 - 1TV Russia
• 5 - Rossiya-24 (Russia-24)
• 10- Rossiya-1 (Russia-1)
• 12 - ASTV (Alternative Sakhalin Television)
• 21 - The first multiplex digital TV DVB T2
• 23 - Che
• 27 - Domashny / OTV (Sakhalin Regional Television)
• 30 - NTV Russia
• 33 - STS
• 35 - Ren-TV / Echo of Sakhalin
• 43 - Match TV Russia (ex. Russia-2)
• 46 - Petersburg–Channel 5
• 49 - Rossiya-K (Russia-K)
• 51 - The second multiplex of digital TV DVB T2

Radio

• 87,9 Autoradio (plan)
• 88,3 Retro FM
• 88,9 Radio Record
• 89,9 Russian Radio
• 101,7 Radio Chanson
• 102,5 Europa Plus
• 102,9 Humor FM
• 103,5 Mayak
• 104,4 Love Radio
• 105,1 Radio Dacha (plan)
• 105,5 Radio ASTV
• 106,0 Radio Rossii
• 106,5 Dorognoe Radio
• 107,2 Vesti FM

Demographics

{{Historical populations|7=1959|8=85510|9=1970|10=105840|11=1979|12=139861|13=1989|14=159299|15=2002|16=175085|17=2010|18=181728|19=2021|20=181587|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

Population

Most residents are ethnic Russians, but there also exists a sizable population of Korean Russians. Of the 43,000 Sakhalin Koreans, half are estimated to live in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, comprising roughly 12% of the city's population. Also smaller numbers of indigenous minorities, such as Ainu, Nivkhs and Oroks can be found.

Religion

The majority of the population are Russian Orthodox.

Geography

The city is located on the Susuya River. It is the largest city on the island, and the only one with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The straight-line distance to Moscow is {{convert|6660|km|sp=us}}.

Climate

The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb) with mild summers and cold winters. Maritime influences can be seen in that precipitation is much higher than in interior Russia and that summers are distinctly cooler than in Khabarovsk or Irkutsk, while winters are much milder. Summers are frequently foggy, reducing the amount of sunshine. Considering its southerly maritime position winters are very cold, albeit warmer than expected for surrounding inland areas affected by the Siberian High. Snowfall is more frequent than in those areas, due to said maritime influence bringing moisture to the coastline. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is relatively sunny compared to Hokkaido locations, but gloomy by the lower latitudes of the Russian Far East's standards.{{Weather box|location = Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (1991–2020, extremes 1942–present)|metric first = yes|single line = yes|Jan record high C = 4.3|Feb record high C = 7.1|Mar record high C = 13.0|Apr record high C = 22.9|May record high C = 29.6|Jun record high C = 30.8|Jul record high C = 34.4|Aug record high C = 34.7|Sep record high C = 29.0|Oct record high C = 23.5|Nov record high C = 18.1|Dec record high C = 9.0|year record high C = 34.7|Jan avg record high C = 0.8|Feb avg record high C = 2.8|Mar avg record high C = 6.8|Apr avg record high C = 16.0|May avg record high C = 23.7|Jun avg record high C = 26.3|Jul avg record high C = 28.0|Aug avg record high C = 28.9|Sep avg record high C = 25.9|Oct avg record high C = 19.7|Nov avg record high C = 12.4|Dec avg record high C = 3.9|year avg record high C = 29.8|Jan high C = -6.0|Feb high C = -4.8|Mar high C = 0.2|Apr high C = 6.9|May high C = 13.8|Jun high C = 17.7|Jul high C = 21.0|Aug high C = 22.3|Sep high C = 19.4|Oct high C = 12.5|Nov high C = 3.5|Dec high C = -3.5|year high C = 8.6|Jan mean C = -11.5|Feb mean C = -11.2|Mar mean C = -5.2|Apr mean C = 1.7|May mean C = 7.5|Jun mean C = 11.9|Jul mean C = 15.9|Aug mean C = 17.3|Sep mean C = 13.5|Oct mean C = 6.7|Nov mean C = -1.2|Dec mean C = -8.5|year mean C = 3.1|Jan low C = -16.6|Feb low C = -17.2|Mar low C = -10.4|Apr low C = -2.6|May low C = 2.7|Jun low C = 7.7|Jul low C = 12.3|Aug low C = 13.5|Sep low C = 8.7|Oct low C = 1.8|Nov low C = -5.2|Dec low C = -13.2|year low C = -1.5|Jan avg record low C = -27.3|Feb avg record low C = -27.3|Mar avg record low C = -22.2|Apr avg record low C = -10.4|May avg record low C = -2.6|Jun avg record low C = 1.7|Jul avg record low C = 6.6|Aug avg record low C = 6.8|Sep avg record low C = 0.6|Oct avg record low C = -5.3|Nov avg record low C = -14.8|Dec avg record low C = -22.5|year avg record low C = -28.5|Jan record low C = -36.2|Feb record low C = -34.8|Mar record low C = -30.5|Apr record low C = -19.5|May record low C = -6.2|Jun record low C = -2.1|Jul record low C = 1.3|Aug record low C = 3.6|Sep record low C = -4.2|Oct record low C = -11.8|Nov record low C = -25.7|Dec record low C = -33.5|year record low C = -36.2|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation mm = 56|Feb precipitation mm = 38|Mar precipitation mm = 52|Apr precipitation mm = 57|May precipitation mm = 66|Jun precipitation mm = 64|Jul precipitation mm = 92|Aug precipitation mm = 107|Sep precipitation mm = 102|Oct precipitation mm = 102|Nov precipitation mm = 75|Dec precipitation mm = 71|year precipitation mm = 882|Jan rain days = 0.3|Feb rain days = 0.4|Mar rain days = 2|Apr rain days = 10|May rain days = 17|Jun rain days = 17|Jul rain days = 20|Aug rain days = 19|Sep rain days = 19|Oct rain days = 19|Nov rain days = 9|Dec rain days = 2|year rain days = 135|Jan snow days = 25|Feb snow days = 24|Mar snow days = 24|Apr snow days = 13|May snow days = 3|Jun snow days = 0.1|Jul snow days = 0|Aug snow days = 0|Sep snow days = 0|Oct snow days = 4|Nov snow days = 20|Dec snow days = 27|year snow days = 140|Jan humidity = 81|Feb humidity = 79|Mar humidity = 76|Apr humidity = 75|May humidity = 76|Jun humidity = 83|Jul humidity = 85|Aug humidity = 86|Sep humidity = 83|Oct humidity = 79|Nov humidity = 80|Dec humidity = 82|year humidity = | Jan dew point C =-15| Feb dew point C =-14| Mar dew point C =-9| Apr dew point C =-2| May dew point C =3| Jun dew point C =9| Jul dew point C =13| Aug dew point C =15| Sep dew point C =10| Oct dew point C =3| Nov dew point C =-4| Dec dew point C =-11|Jan sun = 133.3|Feb sun = 155.9|Mar sun = 190.6|Apr sun = 197.1|May sun = 208.0|Jun sun = 186.5|Jul sun = 164.0|Aug sun = 165.1|Sep sun = 188.8|Oct sun = 167.4|Nov sun = 116.3|Dec sun = 112.4|year sun = |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.netWEB,weblink Weather and Climate-The Climate of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, ru, Weather and Climate (Погода и климат), 3 November 2021, |source 2 = NOAA,WEB,weblink Juzno–Sahalinsk (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) Climate Normals 1991–2020, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 3 November 2021, Time and Date (dewpoints 1985–2015)WEB,weblink Climate & Weather Averages in Yuzhno Sakhalinsk, Russia, Time and DatePUBLISHER=INFOCLIMATACCESS-DATE=3 OCTOBER 2023, }}

Twin towns and sister cities

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is twinned with:

• {{Flagicon|Japan}} Asahikawa, Japan
• {{Flagicon|Japan}} Hakodate, Japan
• {{Flagicon|Japan}} Wakkanai, Japan
• {{Flagicon|China}} Yanji, China
• {{Flagicon|South Korea}} Ansan, South KoreaWEB,weblink ru:Владивосток новости - РИА Дейта.RU, deita.ru, ru,

Notable people

• Natalya Pechonkina (maiden name Burda, later Chistyakova); born July 15, 1946, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) is a Soviet athlete. She competed for the USSR in the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City in the 400 metres where she won the bronze medal.
• Alexander Godunov; born November 28, 1949, died May 18, 1995, was a Russian-American ballet dancer and film actor.

References

Notes

{{Reflist}}

Sources

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|sak|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|sak|mun|list}}

External links

{{Wikivoyage}}

• Official website of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050525233616weblink">Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: City's History in Architecture
• Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Blizzard Photos{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Sakhalin Oblast}}{{Russian Far East}}{{Authority control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}