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X3D
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{{Short description|XML-based file format for 3D computer graphics}}{{For|the language's predecessor|VRML}}{{Hatnote|X3D should not be confused with 3DXML, which is a proprietary 3D file format.}}{{pp-semi|small=yes}}









factoids
name X3D — Extensible 3D Graphics|icon = |logo = |screenshot = |caption =



1=
    |_noextcode = yes
    • model/x3d+xml
    • model/x3d+vrml
    • model/x3d+binary{edih}|_nomimecode = yes|type code = |uniform type = |magic = |owner =
    3D computer graphics|container for = |contained by = |extended from = VRML, XML, Gzip|extended to = International Organization for Standardization>ISO/IEC 19775/19776/19777weblink}}}}X3D (Extensible 3D) is a set of royalty-free ISO/IEC standards for declaratively representing 3D computer graphics. X3D includes multiple graphics file formats, programming-language API definitions, and run-time specifications for both delivery and integration of interactive network-capable 3D data. X3D version 4.0 has been approved by Web3D Consortium, and is under final review by ISO/IEC as a revised International Standard (IS).X3D is specifically designed to work across diverse devices by using the Web Architecture. X3D provides a range of 3D functionality through Profiles, from basic asset Interchange and CADInterchange to Interactive, MPEG-4 Interactive, Medical, Immersive, and Full Profiles. Anatomically thorough support is also available for Humanoid Animation (HAnim) body structure and motion. The ‘X’ in X3D means Extensible: custom vendor and research component extensions can be added to standard functionality.X3D file format support includes XML, ClassicVRML, Compressed Binary Encoding (CBE) and a draft JSON encoding. Semantic Web support has also been demonstrated by a Turtle encoding. X3D became the successor to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) in 2001.NEWS, Is a 3D web more than just empty promises?, Paul Festa and John Borland, CNET News.com, 19 May 2005,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091112200449weblink">weblink 12 November 2009, X3D provides multiple extensions to VRML (e.g. CAD, geospatial, humanoid animation, NURBS, etc.), the ability to encode the scene using an XML syntax as well as the Open Inventor-like syntax of VRML97, or binary compression, with strongly typed APIs including ECMAScript, Java, Python and other programming languages.X3D rendering includes both classic (e.g. Blinn-Phong) and modern physically based rendering (PBR) methods matching glTF 2.0 capabilities. Use of custom shaders using three platform-specific shader languages is also defined. Authors can employ rich multimedia capabilities including various image and movie formats. Fully spatialized aural rendering applies W3C Web Audio API capabilities, plus audio inputs digitized using MIDI 2.0 or other sound formats.All X3D file encodings and programming-language APIs have equivalent expressive power, matching functional definitions in the X3D Architecture standard. Thus X3D can work with open standards including XML, Document Object Model (DOM), XPath and others.

    Example







    The VRML representation is the same as {{section link|VRML|Example}}, except that the version numbers are changed to reflect the latest X3D standard (#X3D V4.0 utf8). An identifying DEF name is also applied as a node identifier (id).For JSON and binary formats, see Web3D for a list of tools.WEB, X3D to JSON Stylesheet Converter,weblink www.web3d.org,

    Applications

    There are several applications, most of which are open-source software,WEB,weblink X3D Open Source Projects, Web3d.org, 2010-02-23, {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206165031weblink |date=February 6, 2014}}. which natively parse and interpret X3D files, including the 3D graphics and animation editor BlenderBlender Model Export to X3D and the Sun Microsystems virtual world client Project Wonderland.WEB,weblink Project Wonderland, Research.sun.com, 2008-10-07, 2010-02-23, {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717102338weblink | date=July 17, 2009}}. An X3D applet is a software program that runs within a web browser and displays content in 3D, using OpenGL 3D graphics technology to display X3D content in several different browsers (IE, Safari, Firefox) across several different operating systemsWEB,weblink X3D applet, Members.shaw.ca, 2010-02-23, {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916230505weblink |date= September 16, 2012}}. (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux). However, X3D has not received as wide acceptance as that of other, more notable software applications.In the 2000s, many companies such as Bitmanagement improved the quality level of virtual effects in X3D to the quality level of DirectX 9.0c, but at the expense of using proprietary solutions. All main features including game modeling are already complete. They include multi-pass render with low level setting for Z-buffer, BlendOp, AlphaOp, Stencil,WEB,weblink BS Contact DrawGroup, www.bitmanagement.com, 10 September 2023, Multi-texture,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100712005624weblink">weblink dead, Multitexturing, 12 July 2010, Shader with HLSL and GLSL support,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100712002450weblink">weblink dead, Programmable shaders component, 12 July 2010, real-time Render To Texture, Multi Render Target (MRT) and post-processing.WEB,weblink BS Contact - Version 7.2 Release Notes, www.bitmanagement.com, 10 September 2023, Many demos shows that X3D already supports lightmap, normal mapping, SSAO, CSM and real-time environment reflection along with other virtual effects.WEB,weblink m17design - YouTube, www.youtube.com, 10 September 2023,

    X3DOM

    Striving to become the 3D standard for the Web, X3D is designed to be as integrated into HTML5 pages as other XML standards such as MathML and SVG. X3DOM is a proposed syntax model and its implementation as a script libraryWEB,weblink - x3dom.org, 10 September 2023, that demonstrates how this integration can be achieved without a browser plugin, using only WebGL and JavaScript.X3D and HTML5: X3DOM proposal, Web3D wiki. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026171643weblink |date=October 26, 2016}}.

    Standardization

    X3D defines several profiles (sets of components) for various levels of capability including X3D Core, X3D Interchange, X3D Interactive, X3D CADInterchange, X3D Immersive, and X3D Full. Browser makers can define their own component extensions prior to submitting them for standardisation by the Web3D Consortium. Formal review and approval is then performed by ISO/IEC.Liaison and cooperation agreements are also in place between the Web3D Consortium and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and the Khronos Group.A subset of X3D is XMT-A, a variant of XMT, defined in MPEG-4 Part 11. It was designed to provide a link between X3D and 3D content in MPEG-4 (BIFS).WEB,weblink X3D Interactive, X3D MPEG4 Interactive Profile Comparison, web3d.org, 10 September 2023, The abstract specification for X3D (ISO/IEC 19775) was first approved by the ISO in 2004. The XML and ClassicVRML encodings for X3D (ISO/IEC 19776) were first approved in 2005.X3D FAQ – "What is the status of the X3D specification?" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716105659weblink |date=July 16, 2007 }}. Retrieved on November 30, 2007.

    Alternatives

    • WebGL: JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D graphics and 2D graphics within any compatible web browser, managed by the Khronos Group
    • 3DMLW: 3D Markup Language for Web
    • glTF: a standard file format for three-dimensional scenes and models managed by the Khronos Group
    • COLLADA: interchange file format for interactive 3D applications, managed by the Khronos Group
    • O3D: developed by Google
    • U3D: Ecma International standard ECMA-363
    • VRML: precursor of X3D
    • 3MF: An XML-based format that includes 3D additive manufacturing data such as material properties.
    • A-Frame: An HTML-based declarative 3D scene-graph language and interaction framework commonly used for WebVR

    See also

    References

    {{Reflist}}

    External links

    {{Vector graphics markup languages|state=uncollapsed}}{{ISO standards}}{{Authority control}}


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