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Trill consonant
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Trill consonant
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{{Short description|Type of consonant}}{{More footnotes|date=July 2018}}{{IPA notice}}In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator. Standard Spanish {{angbr|rr}} as in , for example, is an alveolar trill.A trill is made by the articulator being held in place and the airstream causing it to vibrate. Usually a trill vibrates for 2â3 contacts, but may be up to 5, or even more if geminate.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=218}} However, trills may also be produced with only one contact. While single-contact trills are similar to taps and flaps, a tap or flap differs from a trill in that it is made by a muscular contraction rather than airstream.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Johnson|2010|p=175}} Individuals with ankyloglossia may have issues producing the trill sound.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Phonemic trills
Trill consonants included in the International Phonetic Alphabet:- {{IPA|[r]}} â Voiced alveolar trill
- {{IPA|[rÌ¥]}} â Voiceless alveolar trill
- {{IPA|[Ê]}} â Voiced bilabial trill
- {{IPA|[ÊÌ¥]}} â Voiceless bilabial trill
- {{IPA|[ɽ͡r]}} â Voiced retroflex trill
- {{IPA|[Ê]}} â Voiced uvular trill
- {{IPA|[ÊÌ¥]}} â Voiceless uvular trill
- {{IPA|[Ê¢]}} â Voiced epiglottal trill
- {{IPA|[Ê]}} â Voiceless epiglottal trill
- {{IPA|[ð¼]}} â Velopharyngeal trill; the velopharyngeal fricative {{IPA|[Ê©]}} found in disordered speech sometimes involves trilling of the velopharyngeal port, producing a ‘snort’.
Extralinguistic trills
A linguolabial trill {{IPA|[r̼]}} is not known to be used phonemically but occurs when blowing a raspberry.{{anchor|Velar trill}}Snoring typically consists of vibration of the uvula and the soft palate (velum), which may be described as an ingressive velic trill.University of Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics, 1969, Volume 1, Parts 4â6, Page 115.’Velic’ is the term in Pike (1948) for velopharyngeal: articulation between the upper surface of the velum and the back wall of the naso-pharynx (Bertil Malmberg & Louise Kaiser, 1968, Manual of phonetics, North-Holland, p. 325) Like the uvular trill, the ingressive velic trill does not involve the tongue; it is the velum that passively vibrates in the airstream. The Speculative Grammarian has proposed a jocular symbol for the sound (and also the sound used to imitate a pig’s snort), a wide O with a double dot (êª), suggesting a pig’s snout.WEB,specgram.com/CLI.3/02.letters.html, SpecGramâLetters to the Editor, specgram.com, The Extensions to the IPA identifies an egressive fricative pronounced with this same configuration, common with a cleft palate, as velopharyngeal {{IPA|[Ê©]}}, and with accompanying uvular trill as {{IPA|[Ê©ðª]}} ({{IPA|[Ê©Ê]}}) or {{IPA|[ð¼]}} ((File:Feng trill.svg|12px)).Unicode support from 2021.Lateral trills are also possible and may be pronounced by initiating {{IPA|[ɬ]}} or {{IPA|[É®]}} with an especially forceful airflow. There is no symbol for them in the IPA. Lateral coronal trills are sometimes used to imitate bird calls, and are a component of Donald Duck talk.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} A labiodental trill, {{IPA|[Ê̪]}}, is most likely to be lateral, but laterality is not distinctive among labial sounds.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}Ejective trills are not known from any language although they are easy to produce. They may occur as mimesis of a cat’s purr.ÊÌ¥}} {{IPA link|Ê}} | rÌ¼Ì r̼}})) | rÌªÌ r̪}} | rÌ¥}} {{IPA|r}} | rÌ Ì rÌ }} | ɽrÌ¥}} {{IPA link|ɽr}})! | ÊÌ¥}} {{IPA|Ê}}! | {{IPA link | Ê¢}} |
ÊÌ}} | }} | }} | rÌÌ}} {{IPA link|rÌ}} | }} | }}! | ÊÌÌ}} {{IPA link|ÊÌ}}! |
pÍ¡ÊÌ¥ bÍÊ}} | }} | }} | tÍrÌ dÍr}} | }} | }}! | }}! | Ê¡Í¡Ê}} {{IPA link|Ê¡Í¡Ê¢}} |
rÌ}}||!| | ð¼}})! |
Ê̪}}) | ((bird calls))! colspan=2| |
(({{IPA|r̥ʼ}}))! colspan=2| |
See also
References
Bibliography
- {{citation|last=Esling|first=John H.|year=2010|chapter=Phonetic Notation|editor1-last=Hardcastle|editor1-first=William J.|editor2-last=Laver|editor2-first=John|editor3-last=Gibbon|editor3-first=Fiona E.|title=The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences|edition=2nd|pages=678â702|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1002/9781444317251.ch18|isbn=978-1-4051-4590-9
- {{citation|year=1999|last1=Gussenhoven|last2=Aarts|first1=Carlos|first2=Flor|title=The dialect of Maastricht|url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/gussenhoven_aarts.pdf|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=29|issue=2|pages=155â166|publisher=University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006526|s2cid=145782045
- {{citation|year=1998|last1=Heijmans|last2=Gussenhoven|first1=Linda|first2=Carlos|title=The Dutch dialect of Weert|url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=28|issue=1â2|pages=107â112|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006307|s2cid=145635698
- {{SOWL|mode=cs2}}
- {hide}citation|last1=Ladefoged|first1=Peter|authorlink1=Peter Ladefoged|last2=Johnson|first2=Keith|year=2010|title=A Course in Phonetics|edition=6th|publisher=Wadsworth|isbn=978-1-42823126-9
- {hide}citation|last=Sampson|first=Rodney|year=1999|title=Nasal Vowel Evolution in Romance|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-823848-7
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
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- "Trill consonant" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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