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{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}

factoids

|image_coa=Coat_of_arms_of_Stavropol_Krai.svgCoat of arms of Stavropol Krai>Coat of arms|image_flag=Flag of Stavropol Krai.svgFlag of Stavropol Krai>Flag|anthem=|anthem_ref=|holiday|holiday_ref|political_status=Krai|political_status_link=Krais of RussiaNorth Caucasian Federal District>North CaucasianNorth Caucasus economic region>North Caucasus|adm_ctr_type=Administrative center|adm_ctr_name=Stavropol|adm_ctr_name_ref=Charter of Stavropol Krai, Article 18|pop_2021census=2907593{{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;Russians>4.7% ArmeniansDargins>1.3% Romani peopleGreeks>0.8% Nogais4.2% not stated}}|pop_2010census_rank=14th|urban_pop_2010census=60.6%|rural_pop_2010census=39.4%PUBLISHER=FEDERAL STATE STATISTICS SERVICE (RUSSIA)>ACCESSDATE=1 SEPTEMBER 2022, |pop_density|pop_density_as_of|pop_density_ref|area_km2=66160|area_km2_rank=45th|established_date=October 17, 1924|established_date_ref=October 17, 1924 is the date of establishment of North Caucasus Krai, which underwent several renamings and administrative changes before stabilizing in its present borders.|license_plates=26, 126|ISO=RU-STA|gov_as_of=December 2014Governor of Stavropol Krai>Governor|leader_title_ref=Charter of Stavropol Krai, Article 8Vladimir Vladimirov (politician)>Vladimir VladimirovVladimir Vladimirovich Vladimirov, Governor of Stavropol Krai {{in lang>ru}}Duma of Stavropol Krai>Duma|legislature_ref=|website=http://www.stavregion.ru|website_ref|date=May 2015}}Stavropol Krai (), also known as Stavropolye (), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia, and is administratively part of the North Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol Krai has a population of 2,907,593, according to the 2021 Census.Stavropol is the largest city and the capital of Stavropol Krai, and Pyatigorsk is the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District.Stavropol Krai is bordered by Krasnodar Krai to the west, Rostov Oblast to the north-west, Kalmykia to the north, Dagestan to the east, and Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south. It is one of the most multi-ethnic federal subjects in Russia, with thirty-three ethnic groups with more than 2,000 persons each. The western area of Stavropol Krai is considered part of the Kuban region, the traditional home of the Kuban Cossacks, with most of the krai's population living in the drainage basin of the Kuban River.

Geography

{{Location map+|Russia Southern Federal District|width=250px|float=left|relief=1|thumb|caption=Federal subjects in the Black Sea-Caspian area.*Smaller areas along the north Caucasus are the republics: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, and Chechnya *Yellow is the Southern Federal District and below it is the North Caucasian Federal District (light grey) |places={{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.92|long=41.78|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=bottom|label=KC}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.70|long=43.40|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=bottom|label=KB}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.50|long=44.50|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=bottom|label=Oss}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.20|long=44.97|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=top|label=In}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.70|long=45.72|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=bottom|label=Ch}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=45.03|long=38.97|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=top|label=Krasnodar Krai}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=44.80|long=40.70|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=left|label=Adygea}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=45.20|long=41.98|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=right|label=Stavropol Krai}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=47.00|long=41.00|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=top|label=Rostov Oblast}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=49.00|long=44.52|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=top|label=Volgograd Oblast}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=47.68|long=46.20|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=right|label=Astrakhan Oblast}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=46.50|long=44.00|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=right|label=Kalmykia}}{{Location map~|Russia Southern Federal District|lat=43.75|long=46.20|mark=Clear pog.svg|position=right|label=Dage-stan}}}}The krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders with Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay–Cherkessia.

Climate

Most of Stavropol Krai experiences hot-summer humid continental climate (except for mountains). Winters are shorter and warmer than in most of Russia but still freezing and snowy: average January temperature is between {{convert|-2|C}} and {{convert|-6|C}}. Summers are warm to hot with average July temperature of {{convert|20|C}} to {{convert|25|C}}. Extremes range from {{convert|-35|C}} in winter to {{convert|40|C}} in summer. Average annual precipitation is {{convert|400|to|600|mm|in}}.

History

The krai was established as North Caucasus Krai on October 17, 1924. After undergoing numerous administrative changes, it was renamed Ordzhonikidze Krai (), after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, in March 1937, and Stavropol Krai on January 12, 1943.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the region (krai) was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Stavropol Krai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the Chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power).In 1970–1978, Mikhail Gorbachev, a native of Stavropol Krai, occupied the position of the First Secretary of the Krai's Communist Party Committee. He left the region for Moscow in 1978, when he was promoted to a Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, to become the Party's General Secretary and the nation's leader 7 years later. The region was also native to Yuri Andropov, who was also leader of the Soviet Union for a short time.Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai Administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament.The Charter of Stavropol Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Stavropol Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as a guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Economy

Large companies in the region include Stavrolen, Arnest, Concern Enorgomera, Nevinomiskiy Azot, Stavropolskiy Gres.WEB, Stavropol Territory Industries,weblink investinregions.ru, 7 November 2018,

Agriculture

Irrigated agriculture is well-developed in the region. As of the beginning of 2001, Stavropol Krai had 3,361  km of irrigation canals, of which 959  km were lined (i.e., had concrete or stone walls, rather than merely soil walls, to reduce the loss of water).Общая информация О водных ресурсах края {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203102044weblink |date=December 3, 2013 }} (General information about the water resources of the krai), from the regional government site. {{in lang|ru}}Among the major irrigation canals are:

• Nevinnomyssk Canal (Невинномысский канал), the trunk of the Kuban–Yegorlyk Irrigation System.
• The Great Stavropol Canal (Большой Ставропольский канал), transporting water from the Kuban River eastward across the entire krai.
• The Terek-Kuma Canal and Kuma–Manych Canal, transporting water from the Terek River via the Kuma River to the East Manych River.

Demographics

(File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Stavropol Krai.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy at birth in Stavropol Krai)According to the 2021 Census the Krai's population was 2,907,593,{{ru-pop-ref|2021Census}} up from 2,786,281 in the 2010 Census{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census.{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} The population of the krai is concentrated in the drainage basins of the Kuban River and of the Kuma River, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). In modern Russia the Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered ethnic Russians, although their roots are in Ukraine (historically, their dialect was descended from that of Cherkasy). Other notable ethnic groups include Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni), Armeno-Tats, Pontic Greeks, Ukrainians, Turkmens as well as indigenous groups from the North Caucasian republics, especially from Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan.Vital statistics for 2022:WEB, Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022,weblink dead,weblink 2 March 2023, 21 February 2023, ROSSTAT, WEB, Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022,weblink dead,weblink 2 March 2023, 21 February 2023, ROSSTAT,

• Births: 25,332 (9.1 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 33,865 (12.2 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):WEB,weblink XLSX, ru:Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости, Total fertility rate, ru, Russian Federal State Statistics Service, 10 August 2023, 10 August 2023,weblink dead, 1.29 children per womanLife expectancy (2021):WEB,weblink Демографический ежегодник России, Federal State Statistics Service (Russia), Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat), 2022-06-01, ru, The Demographic Yearbook of Russia, Total — 71.66 years (male â€” 67.68, female â€” 75.43)

Settlements

{{Largest cities| country = Stavropol Krai| stat_ref = 2010 Russian Census| list_by_pop =| div_name =| div_link = Administrative divisions of Stavropol Krai{{!}}Administrative Division| city_1 = Stavropol| div_1 = Stavropol{{!}}City of krai significance of Stavropol| pop_1 = 398,539| img_1 = Ставрополь 2020.jpg| city_2 = Pyatigorsk| div_2 = Pyatigorsk{{!}}City of krai significance of Pyatigorsk| pop_2 = 142,511| img_2 = Вид на Пятигорск - panoramio.jpg| city_3 = Kislovodsk| div_3 = Kislovodsk{{!}}City of krai significance of Kislovodsk| pop_3 = 128,553| img_3 = Kislovodsk from Koltso-gora.jpg| city_4 = Nevinnomyssk| div_4 = Nevinnomyssk{{!}}City of krai significance of Nevinnomyssk| pop_4 = 118,360| img_4 = Бульвар Мира, Невинномысск.jpg| city_5 = Yessentuki| div_5 = Yessentuki{{!}}City of krai significance of Yessentuki| pop_5 = 100,996| city_6 = Mineralnye Vody| div_6 = Mineralovodsky District| pop_6 = 76,728| city_7 = Georgiyevsk| div_7 = Georgiyevsky District| pop_7 = 72,153| city_8 = Mikhaylovsk, Stavropol Krai{{!}}Mikhaylovsk| div_8 = Shpakovsky District| pop_8 = 70,981| city_9 = Budyonnovsk| div_9 = Budyonnovsky District| pop_9 = 64,624| city_10 = Izobilny, Stavropol Krai{{!}}Izobilny| div_10 = Izobilnensky District| pop_10 = 40,555}}{{Historical populations|1897|873301|1926|674559|1939|1950887|1959|1882911|1970|2305780|1979|2539219|1989|2857188|2002|2735139|2010|2786281|2021|2907593|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

Ethnic groups

The 2010 Census counted thirty-three ethnic groups of more than 2,000  persons each, making this federal subject one of the most multiethnic in Russia. The inhabitants identified themselves as belonging to more than 140 different ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:WEB, Национальный состав населения,weblink Federal State Statistics Service (Russia), Federal State Statistics Service, 30 December 2022, {| class="wikitable sortable"! Population! Ethnicity! Percentage of total population| 2,309,460| Russians| 79.4%| 135,384| Armenians| 4.7%| 58,785| Dargins| 2.0%| 38,045| Romani people| 1.3%| 23,943| Greeks| 0.8%| 22,569| Nogais| 0.8%| 15,649| Karachay| 0.5%| 15,100| Turkmens| 0.5%| 13,996| Azerbaijanis| 0.5%| 13,779| Chechens| 0.5%| 12,724Turkish people>Turks| 0.4%| 10,288Avars (Caucasus)>Avars| 0.4%| 9,895| Ukrainians| 0.3%| 8,354| Tatars| 0.3%| 97,793| Other Ethnicity | 3.4%| 121,829| Ethnicity not stated | 4.2%

Religion

{{Bar box|title=Religion in Stavropol Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", â„– 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170421154615weblink">Archived.|float=right|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|46.9}}{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|1}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|6.6}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|2}}{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|1.3}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|19.3}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|16.4}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|6.5}}}}According to a 2012 survey 46.9% of the population of Stavropol Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Muslims, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies, and 1% of the population adheres to Rodnovery or local native faiths. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 7.1% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.{{clear}}

Administrative divisions

Stavropol Krai is administratively divided into twenty-six districts (raions) and ten cities/towns. The districts are further subdivided into nine towns of district subordinance, seven urban-type settlements, and 284 rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.

Notable people

• Yuri Andropov (1914–1984), the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022), the last President of the Soviet Union.
• Joseph Trumpeldor (1880–1920), early Zionist activist and organizer of the Jewish Legion.
• Fyodor Kulakov (1918–1978), a former Soviet governor of Stavropol Krai
• Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), a Russian poet, novelist, playwright, and painter.EB1911, Lermontov, Mikhail Yurevich, 16, Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston, William Ralston Shedden-Ralston, 484–485,
• Alexsandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), a writer, author of The Gulag Archipelago, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
• Piotr Mikhailovich SkarżyÅ„ski (1744–1805), A Russian Major General. He served in the cavalry units of the Russian army and he commanded the Buzhan Cossacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791, he showed heroism during the assault on Ochakov and the defense of the Kinburn fortress. He was awarded the Order of St. George.WEB,weblink Пионеры русского виноделия на Кавказе: Скаржинский,

References

Notes

{{Reflist}}

Sources

• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|sta}}

External links

{{Commons category|Stavropol Krai}}

• News and events of Stavropol Krai
• EB1911, Stavropol (government), 25, Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch, Peter Kropotkin, Bealby, John Thomas, 816, 1,
• {{in lang|ru}} Official website of Stavropol Krai
• {{in lang|ru}} Stavropol Krai News Portal {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217001906weblink |date=February 17, 2012 }}

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{Stavropol Krai}}{{Countries and regions in the Caucasus}}{{Geographic locationStavropol Krai}}Rostov Oblast}} Kalmykia}}|East = Chechnya}} and {{flag|Dagestan}}Kabardino-Balkaria}} and {{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}}Karachay-Cherkessia}}Krasnodar Krai}}|Northwest = }}{{Authority control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2015}}