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{{short description|Script primarily used to write the Odia language}}{{Distinguish|Naoriya Phulo script}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
| type =
AbugidaOdia language>Odia, Sanskrit, Kui language (India) | , Kuvi language>Kuvi, Manda language (India) | , Pengo language>Pengo, Gondi language | , Kurukh language>Kisan Kurux, Duruwa language | , Sora language>Sora, Santali language | , Chhattisgarhi language>Chhattisgarhi, Halbi | 14th century}} â presentSALOMON >FIRST1=RICHARD | URL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=XYRG07QQDXKC | DATE=1998 | ISBN=978-0-19-535666-3, | Egyptian hieroglyphs>Egyptian| fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic | Phoenician script>Phoenician | Aramaic script>Aramaic| fam5 = Brahmi script| fam6 = Gupta script| fam7 = Siddhaá¹ script | Gaudi scriptCARDONA | LAST2=JAIN | TITLE=THE INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGES | PAGE=487 | PLACE=LONDON | SERIES=ROUTLEDGE LANGUAGE FAMILY SERIES | | TITLE=INDIAN EPIGRAPHY | PAGE=101, | BengaliâAssamese script>BengaliâAssamese, Tirhuta script | , NÄgarÄ« script>NÄgarÄ«, Nepalese scripts | MASICA | TITLE=THE INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGES | PUBLISHER=CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | PAGE=143, 9780521299442, | unicode = U+0B00âU+0B7F| iso15924 = Orya| sample = Shukla Odia.svg| caption = 'OdiÄ aká¹£ara' written in Odia script| imagesize = | footnotes = [a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.}}{{Contains special characters | Odia language>Odia text| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Odia| characters = Odia script}}{{brahmic}}The Odia script (, also ) is a Brahmic script used to write primarily Odia language and others including Sanskrit and other regional languages. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. The script has developed over more than 1000 years from a variant of Siddhaá¹ script which was used in Eastern India, where the characteristic top line transformed into a distinct round umbrella shape due to the influence of palm leaf manuscripts and also being influenced by the neighbouring scripts from the Western and Southern regions.Odia is a syllabic alphabet or an abugida wherein all consonants have an inherent vowel embedded within. Diacritics (which can appear above, below, before, or after the consonant they belong to) are used to change the form of the inherent vowel. When vowels appear at the beginning of a syllable, they are written as independent letters. Also, when certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols combine the essential parts of each consonant symbol.An important feature of the Odia language seen in the script is the retention of inherent vowel in consonants, also known as schwa, at both medial and final positions. This absence of schwa deletion, which is also seen in Sanskrit, marks it from the rest of modern Indo-Aryan languages and their equivalent usage in related Brahmic scripts. The absence of the inherent vowel in the consonant is marked by a virama or halanta sign below the consonant. History In Eastern India, a derivative of Siddhaá¹ script yielded a group of scripts that eventually became Bengali-Assamese scripts, Tirhuta script and the Odia script, with the latter turning the hook into a characteristic umbrella.BOOK, McBride, Catherine, Joshi, R. Malatesha, Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography,weblink Springer, 2019, 27, 9783030059774, The earliest known example of Odia language, in the Kalinga script, dates from 1051.BOOK, Linguistic Society of India, Indian Linguistics, Linguistic Society of India., v. 75, nos. 3-4, 2014,weblink et, 2020-03-27, 96, BOOK, TripÄá¹hÄ«, Kunjabihari, The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script, Utkal University, 1962,weblink 2020-03-27, (File:Odia script in Dohakosa by Sarahapada.svg|thumb|300px|Sample of the Odia alphabet from a Buddhist text from around 1060 AD, written by Sarahapada)File:Ananta Basudeba Temple, Bhubaneswar 19.jpg|thumb|300px|Temple inscription showing 13th century Siddhaá¹ script variant ancestor of modern Odia script at Ananta Vasudeva TempleAnanta Vasudeva TempleFile:Oriya land grant.jpg|thumb|300px|15th century copper plate grant of Gajapati emperor Purushottama DevaPurushottama DevaThe curved appearance of the Odia script is a result of the practice of writing on palm leaves, which have a tendency to tear with the use of too many straight lines.WEB,weblink Odia alphabet, pronunciation and language, Omniglot.com, 14 June 2012, As with all the Brahmic scripts in the region, the Odia script developed through four stages which can be seen from the stone inscriptions, copper-plates and the manuscripts. The periods of development are in the following order,
- Proto-Odia: ca 7th- 9th CE
- Medieval Odia: ca 10th- 12th CE
- Transitional Odia: ca 12th- 14th CE
- Modern (current) Odia: ca 14th- 16th CE
The archaic and medieval forms of Odia are more influenced by the calligraphy of the scripts of neighbouring regions, such as,
- In Northern Odisha, where the letters are written in Odia, mixed in with Siddham-derived Gaudi style (that is the right vertical part of the letter is slightly bent inwards).
- In southern Odisha, where it is mixed with Telugu-Kannada round, cursive form.
- In Western Odisha, where it is mixed with Nagari and Siddham (squarish shape in upper-part).
With regards to the epigraphical sources, the antiquities which display the various historical forms of writing in Odia script include rock-edicts, temple inscriptions, stone-slabs, pillar inscriptions, sculptures, copper-plates, coins and palm-leaf manuscripts, illustrated manuscripts, ivory plates and allied materials. Numerous instances of the items depicting all the respective stages of the development of the Odia script during the illustrious dynasties of Eastern Ganga, Somavanshi, Bhanja, Bhauma-kara, Sailodbhava dynasties.Some of them belonging to different centuries are as follows-
- One of the earliest specimens of the Odia script is that of the Urjam inscription dating from the 11th CE (1051 CE). The language used in the inscriptions is a dialect spoken on the border regions of Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. The same applies to a bilingual and biscriptual stone inscription (Odia and Tamil) from the reign of Narasimhadeva (13th CE), found at Bhubaneswar. Odia language in old Odia script is seen on the right side while Tamil in Grantha on the left side.
- The Gumsur copper-plate grant of Netribhanjadeva (11th CE) depicts the medieval phase of this script in square and round variety.
- The stone inscription of the Pottesvara temple, Ganjam district (137 CE), is a notable example of Odia script influenced by Telugu-Kannada variety.
- The Antirigam plate of Yashabhanjadeva (12th CE) depicts Odia calligraphy influenced by northern Nagari. The differences in letters script seems to indicate of the script being in a transitional phase.
- Khilor inscription of Anantavarman (12th CE) shows the Gaudi or Proto-Oriya script round shape on the upper part, almost developed like the modern ones.
- The early epigraphical records of the Puri inscriptions of Anangabhima III (1211-1238 CE), which is considered to be as one of the earliest Odia inscriptions showing the Gaudi characters, not only shows the stage of the proto, early and medieval phase if the evolution of the Odia script, but also the numericals in early proto-Oriya type while others to be that of the Telugu-Kannada type. The earlier inscription of Chodagangadeva (1114-1115 CE) shows the Late Siddhaá¹ variety where the pristhamatra style of vowel diacritics is quite prominent.
- In the records of Kenduapatna copper-plates in Sanskrit of the Eastern Ganga King Narasimhadeva II (1278-1305 CE), a transitional variety is seen depicting the development of Odia from Gaudi (showing squarish with round headlines in a ductus that is quite commonly seen on copper-plates and stone inscriptions).
- The copper-plate land-grant record of the Gajapati King Purushottamadeva (15th CE), inscribed on a copper axe-head, shows the distinct early version of the modern Odia script which are also seen on the palm-leaves manuscripts belonging to the 15th CE.
With regards to the manuscript sources, the full-fledged script of Odia acquires its classical umbrella hook shape through the development, modification as well as simplification between the 14th and 15th CE, when the palm-leaf manuscript culture becomes dominant in this region. Since the palm-leaves are perishable in nature, no manuscripts are currently available pre-15th CE. Hence, recent works are also important as they show the rare and ancient text as well as artistic illustrations. One of the earliest dated palm-leaf manuscripts is that of Abhinava Gita-Govinda kept in Odisha State Museum. The date of completion of the manuscript is estimated to be that of 1494 CE. Among other manuscripts present at the museum, includes historical works like manuscripts of Jayadeva's Gita-Govinda (16th CE) to the relatively recent works of 18th,19th and 20th century.JOURNAL, Rath, Saraju, The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources, 2012,weblink Academia.edu, Overwhelmingly, the Odia script was used to write the Odia language. However, it has been used as a regional writing-system for Sanskrit. Furthermore, GriersonWEB, LSI Vol-6, dsal, 33,weblink in his famed Linguistic Survey of India mentioned that the Odia script is sometimes used for Chhattisgarhi, an Eastern Hindi language, in the eastern border regions of Chhattisgarh. However it appears to have been replaced with the Devanagari script. Alphabet (File:Development of Orissan scripts.jpg|thumb|400px|Development of Odia scripts){{Listen|filename=Odia phonology.webm||title=Odia alphabet|description=The names of the letters and numericals in spoken Standard Modern Odia|format=Ogg}} Consonants File:Evolution of Oriya Language.jpg|thumb|A detailed chart depicting evolution of the Odia script as displayed in a museum at Ratnagiri, OdishaRatnagiri, OdishaTwo categories of consonant letters are defined in Odia: the structured consonants () and the unstructured consonants ().The structured consonants are classified according to their place of articulation, that is, where the tongue touches the palate. {|class="wikitable" |+ Structured consonants | ! ! colspan = 4 | plosives! rowspan = 2 | voiced{{br}}nasal{{br}}stops
! ! voiceless! voiceless{{br}}aspirated! voiced! voiced{{br}}aspirated
! velar l=or | iso=ka|ipa=/kÉ/}} | l=or | iso=kha|ipa=/kÊ°É/}} | l=or | iso=ga|ipa=/É¡É/}} | l=or | iso=iso=gha|ipa=/ɡʱÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹
a|ipa=/ÅÉ/}} |
! palatall=or | iso=ca|ipa=/tÊÉ/}} | l=or | iso=cha|ipa=/tÊÊ°É/}} | l=or | iso=ja|ipa=/dÊÉ/}} | l=or | iso=jha|ipa=/dÊʱÉ/}} | l=or | iso=ña|ipa=/ɲÉ/}} |
! retroflexl=or | iso=á¹a|ipa=/ÊÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹ha|ipa=/ÊÊ°É/}} | l=or | iso=á¸a|ipa=/ÉÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¸ha|ipa=/ÉʱÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹a|ipa=/ɳÉ/}} |
! dentall=or | iso=ta|ipa=/tÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹a|ipa=/tÊ°É/}} | l=or | iso=á¸a|ipa=/dÉ/}} | l=or | iso=dha|ipa=/dʱÉ/}} | l=or | iso=na|ipa=/nÉ/}} |
! labiall=or | iso=pa|ipa=/pÉ/}} | l=or | iso=pha|ipa=/pÊ°É/}} | l=or | iso=ba|ipa=/bÉ/}} | l=or | iso=bha|ipa=/bʱÉ/}} | l=or | iso=ma|ipa=/mÉ/}} |
{| class="wikitable"|+ Odia unstructured consonants
l=or | iso=áºa|ipa=/dÊÉ/}} | l=or | iso=ya|ipa=/jÉ/}} | l=or | iso=ra|ipa=/ɾÉ/}} | l=or | iso=ḷa|ipa=/ÉÉ/}} | l=or | iso=la|ipa=/lÉ/}} | l=or | iso=wa | | note={{noteTaggroup=nc | Gopala Chandra Praharaj>G.C. Praharaj}}}} | l=or | iso=va,{{nbsp}}wa | note={{noteTag | group=nc|Also introduced by G.C. Praharaj, this letter is used sporadically for va or wa, as an alternative to the conventional à±, but has not gained widespread acceptance.}}}} |
l=or | iso=Åa | color=purple | name=ess}}}} | l=or | iso=á¹£a | color=purple | name=ess}}}} | l=or | iso=sa | color=purple | group=nc | Although there are three sibilants ଶ (talabya sa), ଷ (murddhanya sa), and ସ (dantya sa), in modern Odia, all three are pronounced identically.}}}} | l=or | iso=ha|ipa=/ɦÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹a|ipa=/ɽÉ/}} | l=or | iso=á¹ha|ipa=/ɽʰÉ/}} | l=or | ipa=/ká¹£a/}} |
{{noteFoot|group="nc"}}In the first standardised Odia alphabet book,
Barnabodha was compiled by
Madhusudan Rao in 1895, the phonemes
ba,
va and
wa were represented by the same letter ବ, with the sounds
va and
wa. This was because the phonemes
ba and
va had merged in the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages. The phoneme
wa could be written through the consonant ligature symbol àà±, which it shared with
ba.
Gopala Chandra Praharaj, who compiled and published the first comprehensive Odia dictionary,
Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha (1931â40), introduced a new letter à± to the script to represent the sound
wa. He also created an alternate letter for
wa, ଵ, but it has not gained wide acceptance.WEB, Purnachandra Odia Bhasakosha,
weblink 725, The Utkal Sahitya Press, Cuttack, WEB, Praharaj, Purnachandra Odia Bhasakosha, dsal,
weblink WEB, Purnachandra Odia Bhasakosha, Srujanika,
weblink Ligatures
Clusters of two or more consonants form a
ligature. Odia has two types of consonant ligatures, the "northern" and "southern" types. The "northern" type is formed by fusion of two or more consonants as in northern scripts like
DevanÄgarÄ«; in some instances, the components of a northern-type ligature be easily identified, but sometimes completely new glyphs are formed. With the "southern" type, the second component is reduced in size and put under the first as in the southern scripts used for
{{IAST|Kannaá¸a}} and
Telugu.There are some ambiguities. The subjoined form of à¬
cha is also used for subjoined ଥ
tha:
- for ଠcha: à¬àଠccha, à¬àଠñcha, ଶàଠÅcha
- for ଥ tha: ନàଥ ntha, ସàଥ stha
The sign for the nasal à¬
Ṡlooks similar to the right side of the glyph used for ଫ
pha and à¬
á¹
a:
- ଫ pha (versus ପଠpaá¹)
- ଠá¹
a (versus ଡଠá¸aá¹ or à¬à¬ uá¹)
- ମàଫ mpha (versus ମàପଠmpaá¹){|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;overflow:scroll;color:darkred;background-color:fcffff;font-size:125%" All consonant conjunct forms.
! ! ଠ!! ଠ!!à¬!!à¬!! à¬!!à¬!! ଠ!! ଠ!! ଠ!! ଠ!! ଠ!! ଠ!! ଡ !! ଢ !! ଣ !! ତ !! ଥ !! ଦ !! ଧ !! ନ !! ପ !! ଫ !! ବ !! ଠ!! ମ !! ଯ !! à !! ର !! ଲ !! ଳ !! à± !! ଶ !! ଷ !! ସ !! ହ
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!ଠଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଠ| ଠàଡ | ଠàଢ | ଠàଣ | ଠàତ | ଠàଥ | ଠàଦ | ଠàଧ | ଠàନ | ଠàପ | ଠàଫ | ଠàବ | ଠàଠ| ଠàମ | ଠàଯ | ଠàà | ଠàର | ଠàଲ | ଠàଳ | ଠàà± | ଠàଶ | ଠàଷ | ଠàସ | ଠàହ |
!ଡଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଠ| ଡàଡ | ଡàଢ | ଡàଣ | ଡàତ | ଡàଥ | ଡàଦ | ଡàଧ | ଡàନ | ଡàପ | ଡàଫ | ଡàବ | ଡàଠ| ଡàମ | ଡàଯ | ଡàà | ଡàର | ଡàଲ | ଡàଳ | ଡàà± | ଡàଶ | ଡàଷ | ଡàସ | ଡàହ |
!ଢଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଠ| ଢàଡ | ଢàଢ | ଢàଣ | ଢàତ | ଢàଥ | ଢàଦ | ଢàଧ | ଢàନ | ଢàପ | ଢàଫ | ଢàବ | ଢàଠ| ଢàମ | ଢàଯ | ଢàà | ଢàର | ଢàଲ | ଢàଳ | ଢàà± | ଢàଶ | ଢàଷ | ଢàସ | ଢàହ |
!ଣଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଠ| ଣàଡ | ଣàଢ | ଣàଣ | ଣàତ | ଣàଥ | ଣàଦ | ଣàଧ | ଣàନ | ଣàପ | ଣàଫ | ଣàବ | ଣàଠ| ଣàମ | ଣàଯ | ଣàà | ଣàର | ଣàଲ | ଣàଳ | ଣàà± | ଣàଶ | ଣàଷ | ଣàସ | ଣàହ |
!ତତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଠ| ତàଡ | ତàଢ | ତàଣ | ତàତ | ତàଥ | ତàଦ | ତàଧ | ତàନ | ତàପ | ତàଫ | ତàବ | ତàଠ| ତàମ | ତàଯ | ତàà | ତàର | ତàଲ | ତàଳ | ତàà± | ତàଶ | ତàଷ | ତàସ | ତàହ |
!ଥଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଠ| ଥàଡ | ଥàଢ | ଥàଣ | ଥàତ | ଥàଥ | ଥàଦ | ଥàଧ | ଥàନ | ଥàପ | ଥàଫ | ଥàବ | ଥàଠ| ଥàମ | ଥàଯ | ଥàà | ଥàର | ଥàଲ | ଥàଳ | ଥàà± | ଥàଶ | ଥàଷ | ଥàସ | ଥàହ |
!ଦଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଠ| ଦàଡ | ଦàଢ | ଦàଣ | ଦàତ | ଦàଥ | ଦàଦ | ଦàଧ | ଦàନ | ଦàପ | ଦàଫ | ଦàବ | ଦàଠ| ଦàମ | ଦàଯ | ଦàà | ଦàର | ଦàଲ | ଦàଳ | ଦàà± | ଦàଶ | ଦàଷ | ଦàସ | ଦàହ |
!ଧଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଠ| ଧàଡ | ଧàଢ | ଧàଣ | ଧàତ | ଧàଥ | ଧàଦ | ଧàଧ | ଧàନ | ଧàପ | ଧàଫ | ଧàବ | ଧàଠ| ଧàମ | ଧàଯ | ଧàà | ଧàର | ଧàଲ | ଧàଳ | ଧàà± | ଧàଶ | ଧàଷ | ଧàସ | ଧàହ |
!ନନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଠ| ନàଡ | ନàଢ | ନàଣ | ନàତ | ନàଥ | ନàଦ | ନàଧ | ନàନ | ନàପ | ନàଫ | ନàବ | ନàଠ| ନàମ | ନàଯ | ନàà | ନàର | ନàଲ | ନàଳ | ନàà± | ନàଶ | ନàଷ | ନàସ | ନàହ |
!ପପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଠ| ପàଡ | ପàଢ | ପàଣ | ପàତ | ପàଥ | ପàଦ | ପàଧ | ପàନ | ପàପ | ପàଫ | ପàବ | ପàଠ| ପàମ | ପàଯ | ପàà | ପàର | ପàଲ | ପàଳ | ପàà± | ପàଶ | ପàଷ | ପàସ | ପàହ |
!ଫଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଠ| ଫàଡ | ଫàଢ | ଫàଣ | ଫàତ | ଫàଥ | ଫàଦ | ଫàଧ | ଫàନ | ଫàପ | ଫàଫ | ଫàବ | ଫàଠ| ଫàମ | ଫàଯ | ଫàà | ଫàର | ଫàଲ | ଫàଳ | ଫàà± | ଫàଶ | ଫàଷ | ଫàସ | ଫàହ |
!ବବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଠ| ବàଡ | ବàଢ | ବàଣ | ବàତ | ବàଥ | ବàଦ | ବàଧ | ବàନ | ବàପ | ବàଫ | ବàବ | ବàଠ| ବàମ | ବàଯ | ବàà | ବàର | ବàଲ | ବàଳ | ବàà± | ବàଶ | ବàଷ | ବàସ | ବàହ |
!à¬à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଠ| à¬àଡ | à¬àଢ | à¬àଣ | à¬àତ | à¬àଥ | à¬àଦ | à¬àଧ | à¬àନ | à¬àପ | à¬àଫ | à¬àବ | à¬àଠ| à¬àମ | à¬àଯ | à¬àà | à¬àର | à¬àଲ | à¬àଳ | à¬àà± | à¬àଶ | à¬àଷ | à¬àସ | à¬àହ |
!ମମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଠ| ମàଡ | ମàଢ | ମàଣ | ମàତ | ମàଥ | ମàଦ | ମàଧ | ମàନ | ମàପ | ମàଫ | ମàବ | ମàଠ| ମàମ | ମàଯ | ମàà | ମàର | ମàଲ | ମàଳ | ମàà± | ମàଶ | ମàଷ | ମàସ | ମàହ |
!ଯଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଠ| ଯàଡ | ଯàଢ | ଯàଣ | ଯàତ | ଯàଥ | ଯàଦ | ଯàଧ | ଯàନ | ଯàପ | ଯàଫ | ଯàବ | ଯàଠ| ଯàମ | ଯàଯ | ଯàà | ଯàର | ଯàଲ | ଯàଳ | ଯàà± | ଯàଶ | ଯàଷ | ଯàସ | ଯàହ |
!àààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଠ| ààଡ | ààଢ | ààଣ | ààତ | ààଥ | ààଦ | ààଧ | ààନ | ààପ | ààଫ | ààବ | ààଠ| ààମ | ààଯ | ààà | ààର | ààଲ | ààଳ | ààà± | ààଶ | ààଷ | ààସ | ààହ |
!ରରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଠ| ରàଡ | ରàଢ | ରàଣ | ରàତ | ରàଥ | ରàଦ | ରàଧ | ରàନ | ରàପ | ରàଫ | ରàବ | ରàଠ| ରàମ | ରàଯ | ରàà | ରàର | ରàଲ | ରàଳ | ରàà± | ରàଶ | ରàଷ | ରàସ | ରàହ |
!ଲଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଠ| ଲàଡ | ଲàଢ | ଲàଣ | ଲàତ | ଲàଥ | ଲàଦ | ଲàଧ | ଲàନ | ଲàପ | ଲàଫ | ଲàବ | ଲàଠ| ଲàମ | ଲàଯ | ଲàà | ଲàର | ଲàଲ | ଲàଳ | ଲàà± | ଲàଶ | ଲàଷ | ଲàସ | ଲàହ |
!ଳଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଠ| ଳàଡ | ଳàଢ | ଳàଣ | ଳàତ | ଳàଥ | ଳàଦ | ଳàଧ | ଳàନ | ଳàପ | ଳàଫ | ଳàବ | ଳàଠ| ଳàମ | ଳàଯ | ଳàà | ଳàର | ଳàଲ | ଳàଳ | ଳàà± | ଳàଶ | ଳàଷ | ଳàସ | ଳàହ |
!à±à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଠ| à±àଡ | à±àଢ | à±àଣ | à±àତ | à±àଥ | à±àଦ | à±àଧ | à±àନ | à±àପ | à±àଫ | à±àବ | à±àଠ| à±àମ | à±àଯ | à±àà | à±àର | à±àଲ | à±àଳ | à±àà± | à±àଶ | à±àଷ | à±àସ | à±àହ |
!ଶଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଠ| ଶàଡ | ଶàଢ | ଶàଣ | ଶàତ | ଶàଥ | ଶàଦ | ଶàଧ | ଶàନ | ଶàପ | ଶàଫ | ଶàବ | ଶàଠ| ଶàମ | ଶàଯ | ଶàà | ଶàର | ଶàଲ | ଶàଳ | ଶàà± | ଶàଶ | ଶàଷ | ଶàସ | ଶàହ |
!ଷଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଠ| ଷàଡ | ଷàଢ | ଷàଣ | ଷàତ | ଷàଥ | ଷàଦ | ଷàଧ | ଷàନ | ଷàପ | ଷàଫ | ଷàବ | ଷàଠ| ଷàମ | ଷàଯ | ଷàà | ଷàର | ଷàଲ | ଷàଳ | ଷàà± | ଷàଶ | ଷàଷ | ଷàସ | ଷàହ |
!ସସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଠ| ସàଡ | ସàଢ | ସàଣ | ସàତ | ସàଥ | ସàଦ | ସàଧ | ସàନ | ସàପ | ସàଫ | ସàବ | ସàଠ| ସàମ | ସàଯ | ସàà | ସàର | ସàଲ | ସàଳ | ସàà± | ସàଶ | ସàଷ | ସàସ | ସàହ |
!ହହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଠ| ହàଡ | ହàଢ | ହàଣ | ହàତ | ହàଥ | ହàଦ | ହàଧ | ହàନ | ହàପ | ହàଫ | ହàବ | ହàଠ| ହàମ | ହàଯ | ହàà | ହàର | ହàଲ | ହàଳ | ହàà± | ହàଶ | ହàଷ | ହàସ | ହàହ |
Vowels
Odia is an alphasyllabic alphabet or an
abugida wherein all
consonants have an inherent
vowel embedded within.
Diacritics (which can appear above, below, before or after the consonant they belong to) are used to change the form of the inherent vowel. When vowels appear at the beginning of a
syllable, they are written as independent letters. Also, when certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols are used to combine the essential parts of each consonant symbol. There is no significant difference in the pronunciation of long and short vowels.A different form of ଠis used with the consonants ଠ(kha), ଥ (tha), ଧ (dha). This diacritic is a remnant from the Odia cursive style variant
Karani script.{|class="wikitable"
weblink ! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬
|iso=a|dia=â}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=Ä|dia=âା}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=i|dia= ିâ}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=Ä«|dia= à}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=u|dia=àâ}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=Å«|dia= àâ}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=e|dia= âà}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=ai|dia=àâ }}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=o|dia=à }}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=à¬|iso=au|dia= à }}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ind=â|dia=â à|note={{noteTag|group=diacritic|This diacritic, the halanta, is a "killer stroke" that suppresses a letter's inherent a vowel, making it an isolated consonant.}}}}
l=or | ch=à¬|iso=chka}} | l=or | ch=à¬à¬¾|iso=kÄ}} | l=or | ch=à¬à¬¿|iso=ki}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=kÄ«}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=ku}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=kÅ«}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=ke}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=kai}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=ko}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=kau}} | l=or | ch=à¬à|iso=k}} |
{{noteFoot|vowels}}{| class=wikitable
Additional vowel diacriticsl=or | ch=à¬à¬¿|iso=khi}} | l=or | ch=ଥି|iso=thi}} | l=or | ch=ଧି|iso=dhi}} |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainheaders"
All consonant and vowel combinations!! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬
|iso=a}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=Ä}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=i}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=Ä«}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=u}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=Å«}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=rÌ¥}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à |iso=rÌ¥Ì}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=lÌ¥}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¡|iso=lÌ¥Ì}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=e}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=ai}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=o}}! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬|iso=au}}
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=k}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=kh}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=g}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=gh}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=á¹
}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=c}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=ch}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=j}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=jh}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=ñ}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=á¹}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଠà|iso=á¹h}}l=or|ch=ଠ}} | l=or|ch=ଠା}} | l=or|ch=ଠି}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଠà£}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} | l=or|ch=ଠà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଡà|iso=á¸}}l=or|ch=ଡ}} | l=or|ch=ଡା}} | l=or|ch=ଡି}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଡà£}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} | l=or|ch=ଡà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଢà|iso=á¸h}}l=or|ch=ଢ}} | l=or|ch=ଢା}} | l=or|ch=ଢି}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଢà£}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} | l=or|ch=ଢà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଣà|iso=á¹}}l=or|ch=ଣ}} | l=or|ch=ଣା}} | l=or|ch=ଣି}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଣà£}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} | l=or|ch=ଣà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ତà|iso=t}}l=or|ch=ତ}} | l=or|ch=ତା}} | l=or|ch=ତି}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà¢}} | l=or|ch=ତà£}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} | l=or|ch=ତà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଥà|iso=th}}l=or|ch=ଥ}} | l=or|ch=ଥା}} | l=or|ch=ଥି}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଥà£}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} | l=or|ch=ଥà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଦà|iso=d}}l=or|ch=ଦ}} | l=or|ch=ଦା}} | l=or|ch=ଦି}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଦà£}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} | l=or|ch=ଦà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଧà|iso=dh}}l=or|ch=ଧ}} | l=or|ch=ଧା}} | l=or|ch=ଧି}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଧà£}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} | l=or|ch=ଧà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ନà|iso=n}}l=or|ch=ନ}} | l=or|ch=ନା}} | l=or|ch=ନି}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà¢}} | l=or|ch=ନà£}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} | l=or|ch=ନà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ପà|iso=p}}l=or|ch=ପ}} | l=or|ch=ପା}} | l=or|ch=ପି}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà¢}} | l=or|ch=ପà£}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} | l=or|ch=ପà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଫà|iso=ph}}l=or|ch=ଫ}} | l=or|ch=ଫା}} | l=or|ch=ଫି}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଫà£}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} | l=or|ch=ଫà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ବà|iso=b}}l=or|ch=ବ}} | l=or|ch=ବା}} | l=or|ch=ବି}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà¢}} | l=or|ch=ବà£}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} | l=or|ch=ବà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à¬à|iso=bh}}l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à¢}} | l=or|ch=à¬à£}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} | l=or|ch=à¬à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ମà|iso=m}}l=or|ch=ମ}} | l=or|ch=ମା}} | l=or|ch=ମି}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà¢}} | l=or|ch=ମà£}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} | l=or|ch=ମà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଯà|iso=áº}}l=or|ch=ଯ}} | l=or|ch=ଯା}} | l=or|ch=ଯି}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଯà£}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} | l=or|ch=ଯà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=àà|iso=y}}l=or|ch=à}} | l=or|ch=àା}} | l=or|ch=àି}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà¢}} | l=or|ch=àà£}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} | l=or|ch=àà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ରà|iso=r}}l=or|ch=ର}} | l=or|ch=ରା}} | l=or|ch=ରି}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà¢}} | l=or|ch=ରà£}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} | l=or|ch=ରà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଳà|iso=ḷ}}l=or|ch=ଳ}} | l=or|ch=ଳା}} | l=or|ch=ଳି}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଳà£}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} | l=or|ch=ଳà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଲà|iso=l}}l=or|ch=ଲ}} | l=or|ch=ଲା}} | l=or|ch=ଲି}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଲà£}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} | l=or|ch=ଲà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=à±à|iso=w}}l=or|ch=à±}} | l=or|ch=à±à¬¾}} | l=or|ch=à±à¬¿}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à¢}} | l=or|ch=à±à£}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} | l=or|ch=à±à}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଶà|iso=Å}}l=or|ch=ଶ}} | l=or|ch=ଶା}} | l=or|ch=ଶି}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଶà£}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} | l=or|ch=ଶà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ଷà|iso=á¹£}}l=or|ch=ଷ}} | l=or|ch=ଷା}} | l=or|ch=ଷି}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà¢}} | l=or|ch=ଷà£}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} | l=or|ch=ଷà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ସà|iso=s}}l=or|ch=ସ}} | l=or|ch=ସା}} | l=or|ch=ସି}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà¢}} | l=or|ch=ସà£}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} | l=or|ch=ସà}} |
! {{letter|l=or|color=black|ch=ହà|iso=h}}l=or|ch=ହ}} | l=or|ch=ହା}} | l=or|ch=ହି}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà¢}} | l=or|ch=ହà£}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} | l=or|ch=ହà}} |
There is a set of four vocalics, each with an independent form and vowel diacritic, but only one, ଠis used in modern Odia. à , à¬, à¡ and their diacritics are only used for Sanskrit transcription, so they are not always included in the Odia alphabet.{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"|+ Vocalics and examples with à¬
! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à¬|iso=rÌ¥|ch= à {{nbsp}}}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à |color=green|iso=rÌ¥Ì|ch= à {{nbsp}}}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à¬|color=green|iso=lÌ¥|ch= ࢠ{{nbsp}}}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à¡|color=green|iso=lÌ¥Ì|ch= ࣠{{nbsp}}}}
l=or | ch=à¬à|ipa=krÌ¥}} | l=or | top=ଠ+ à | iso=rÌ¥Ì}} | l=or | top=ଠ+ ࢠ| iso=lÌ¥}} | l=or | top=ଠ+ ࣠| iso=lÌ¥Ì}} |
Additional letters and diacritics
The
anusvara and
candrabindu diacritics are used to indicate nasalisation. A
visar gaadds a post-vocalic voiceless glottal fricative ḥ to the end of a syllable.{| class="wikitable"|+ Additional letters and diacritics and examples with à¬
! scope=col colspan=2 {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à¬|á¹, n|||ipa=/ÉÌ/, /Å/|note=anusvara}}! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=âଠ|ã|ipa=/ÉÌ/|note=bindu}} ! scope=col {!} {{letter|l=or|ch=à¬|ḥ|ipa=/hÉÌ/|note=visarga}}
l=or | kaá¹ | top= ଠ+ ଠ}} | l=or | aá¹
| top= ବ + ଠ}} | l=or | ch= à¬à¬ | ipa=/kÉÌ/}} | l=or | ch=à¬|iso=kaḥ}} |
Other symbols
{| class="wikitable"
title=Oriya(Odia) |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf}}l=or | top=danda|note=comma}} | l=or | top=double danda|note=full stop}} | l=or | top=iswara | the late{{br}}{{noteTag>group=other|This character is added before someone's name to indicate that they are deceased.}}}} | l=or | top=Om}} | {{noteFoot}}
Karani script or Odia calligraphic style
(File:Koroni or Chata script sample.jpg|thumb|250px|Karani script sample from Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha)Karani script (à¬à¬°à¬£à à¬
à¬àଷର) (also Chata script à¬à¬à¬¾ à¬
à¬àଷର) was a cursive/calligraphic style variant of the Odia scriptWEB,
weblink 2012, ପàରାà¬àନ ସାହିତààà¬àରନàଥ ସà¬à¬ªà¬¾à¬¦à¬¨à¬¾-à§, Utkal University, Chitararijan Behera, Shodhganga, 25 December 2020, developed by the
Karana (à¬à¬°à¬£) community, the scribes (professional writer-class) of the Odia royal courts. It was used in the pre-Independence Orissa (
Odisha) region in South Asia and was primarily used by the Karana community who were working for administrative purposes, documentation and keeping records in the royal courts of the Odia princely states (
Orissa Tributary States). The name Karani is derived from the metal stylus, Karani that was used for writing on palm leaf.WEB,
weblink 27 September 2016, Chapter - IV: Development of Oriya Script, Language and Literature, Shodhganga, 30 September 2020,
Numerals
{| class="wikitable"|+ Digits
l=or | ch=à¦|iso=ÅÅ«nya}} | l=or | ch=à§|iso=eka}} | l=or | ch=à¨|iso=dui}} | l=or | ch=à©|iso=tini}} | l=or | ch=àª|iso=cÄri}} | l=or | ch=à«|iso=pÄñca}} | l=or | ch=à¬|iso=cha'a}} | l=or | ch=à|iso=sÄta}} | l=or | ch=à®|iso=Äá¹ha}} | l=or | ch=à¯|iso=na'a}} |
{|class=wikitable
group=fractions|Fraction symbols are largely obsolete since the decimalisation of the Indian rupee in 1957.}}l=or | ch=àµ}} | l=or | ch=à¶}} | l=or | ch=à·}} | l=or | ch=à²}} | l=or | ch=à³}} | l=or | ch=à´}} |
{{noteFoot|fractions}}
Comparison of Odia script with ancestral script
Odia letters are mostly round shaped whereas sister scripts from
Siddhaá¹ have horizontal lines. So in most cases the reader of Odia will find the related distinctive parts of the letter only below the curved hoop.{|class=wikitable|+ Odia vowels and vocalics with their Siddham equivalents
l=or|ch=à¬
}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à }} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¡}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} | l=or|ch=à¬}} |
ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð
| color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} | ch=ð | color=blue}} |
Sample text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The following is a sample text in Odia of Article 1 of the
Universal Declaration of Human RightsOdia in the Odia script
{{translit|or|ISO|Samasta manuá¹£ya janmakÄḷaru swÄdhÄ«na Äbaá¹ maryáºÄdÄ o adhikÄrarÄ samÄna. SÄmÄnaá¹
kaá¹hÄrÄ buddhi o bibÄka nihita achi Äbaá¹ sÄmÄnaá¹
ku paraspara prati bhrÄtrÌ¥twa manÅbhÄbarÄ báºabahÄra karibÄ ucit.}}
Odia in the IPA
{{IPA|sÉmÉstÌªÉ mÉnuÊjÉ dÍ¡ÊÉnmÉkaÉÉɾu swad̪ʱinÉ ebÉÅ mÉɾdÍ¡ÊjaËd̪a o Éd̪ʱikaɾÉɾe sÉmanÉ. seman̪ÉÅkÉÊÊ°aɾe bud̪Ëʱi o bibekÉ n̪iɦitÌªÉ ÉtÍ¡ÊÊ°i ebÉÅ semanÉÅku pÉɾÉspÉÉ¾É pɾÉt̪i bʱɾat̪ɾut̪wÉ mÉnobʱabÉɾe bjÉbÉɦaÉ¾É kÉɾiba utÍ¡Êit̪}}
Gloss
All human beings from birth are free and dignity and rights are equal. Their reason and intelligence endowed with and they towards one another in a brotherhood spirit behaviour to do should.
Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Unicode
Odia script was added to the
Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0.The Unicode block for Odia is U+0B00âU+0B7F:{{Unicode chart Oriya}}
Gallery
File:Odia palm leaf manuscipt.JPG|Palm leaf manuscript written in Odia languageFile:Palm leaf -jatak ତାଳ ପତàର à¬à¬¾à¬¤à¬.jpg|Palm leaf-jatak manuscriptFile:Jataka.jpg|Jataka or HoroscopeFile:Palm leaf manuscript of Draupadi Lakhabindha in Odia.jpg|Palm leaf manuscript of Draupadi Lakhabindha in OdiaFile:14th-century Adhyatma Ramayana manuscript, Sanskrit, Oriya script.jpg|14th-century Adhyatma Ramayana manuscript written in Sanskrit, Odia scriptFile:Dahuka boli.jpeg|Dahuka boliFile:Guru Gita, Skanda Purana, Sanskrit, Oriya script.jpg|Guru Gita, Skanda Purana, Sanskrit, Odia scriptFile:OriyaBK1 001.jpg|Odia manuscriptFile:Odia calligraphy esabada Odia magazine eodissa.jpg|Odia calligraphyFile:Barnabodha (1896).pdf|Barnabodha by
Madhusudan Rao,1896
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- Unicode
{{Odia language}}{{Odisha}}{{list of writing systems}}
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Odia script" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 9:17am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024