{{Short description|Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India}}{{About|the city in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Jhansi district}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

! Newspaper !! Language |Look Media|Hindi

factoids

name

Jhansi| settlement_type = Metropolis| image_skyline = JhansiSkylinenight rohitkarwal.jpg| image_alt = Jhansi city in a night| image_caption = Night view of Jhansi

25.44862

78.56962

format=dms|display=inline,title}}| subdivision_type = Country

India}}| subdivision_type1 = State

List of regions of India>Region

List of districts of Uttar Pradesh>District| subdivision_name1 = Uttar Pradesh| subdivision_name2 = Bundelkhand

Hindi52ND REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA

WEBSITE=NCLM.NIC.IN

MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS>ACCESS-DATE=18 MARCH 2019

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170525141614/HTTP://NCLM.NIC.IN/SHARED/LINKIMAGES/NCLM52NDREPORT.PDF, 25 May 2017, | demographics1_title2 = Additional official| demographics1_info2 = Urdu

Indian Standard Time>IST| utc_offset1 = +5:30

Postal Index Number>PIN| postal_code = 284001-2-3-4| area_code = 0510| area_code_type = Telephone code| registration_plate = UP-93

Human sex ratio>Sex ratio

male>â™‚ 0.905 : â™€ 1.000

www.jhansi.nic.in}}| leader_title2 = Mayor

Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP)HTTPS://WWW.HINDUSTANTIMES.COM/CITIES/LUCKNOW-NEWS/UP-CIVIC-BODY-POLLS-2023-GHAZIABAD-JHANSI-KANPUR-SAHARANPUR-SHAHJAHANPUR-MUNICIPAL-CORPORATIONS-WINNERS-101683948442532.HTML>TITLE=UP CIVIC BODY POLLS 2023: MEET MAYORS OF GHAZIABAD, JHANSI, KANPUR, SAHARANPUR & SHAHJAHANPUR

ACCESSDATE=22 MAY 2023, | leader_title3 = District Magistrate

website=jhansi.nic.in |access-date=17 February 2022}}

Senior Superintendent of Police>SSP

ACCESS-DATE=17 FEBRUARY 2022

42.4

Â°F}}| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature

4.0

Â°F}}| official_name = | area_total_km2 = 160}}Jhansi ({{IPA-hi|dÍ¡Ê’Ê±É‘ÌƒË.siË}} {{audio|Jhansi.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a historic city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Balwant Nagar was the old name of Jhansi. It lies in the region of Bundelkhand, on the banks of the Pahuj River, in the extreme south of Uttar Pradesh. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi district and Jhansi division. Also called the Gateway to Bundelkhand, Jhansi is situated near and around the rivers Pahuj and Betwa at an average elevation of {{cvt|285|m}}. It is about {{convert|420|km|mi|0}} from national capital New Delhi and {{convert|315|km}} from state capital Lucknow.Jhansi is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. The National Highways Development Project has supported development of the city. Jhansi is also being developed as the defense corridor by the NDA government which will boost the economy of the city and the region at the same time. The Srinagar to Kanyakumari northâ€“south corridor passes closely to Jhansi, as does the eastâ€“west corridor; consequently there has been a sudden rush of infrastructure and real estate development in the city. Jhansi was adjudged the third cleanest city of Uttar Pradesh and the fastest moving city in the North Zone in Swachh Survekshan 2018 rankings. The development of a greenfield airport has been planned in the city.WEB,www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569, Uttar Pradesh plans to develop Jhansi airport, 4 January 2011, igovernment.in, 3 September 2015

archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321093043www.igovernment.in/site/uttar-pradesh-plans-develop-jhansi-airport-39569

Smart Cities Mission>smart city initiative by the Government of India.JEELANI>FIRST1=MEHBOOB

URL=HTTP://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/NEWS/NATIONAL/CENTRE-RELEASES-LIST-OF-98-CITIES-FOR-SMART-CITY-PROJECT/ARTICLE7586751.ECE

NEWSPAPER=THE HINDU

WEBSITE=MYGOV.IN

DATE=26 OCTOBER 2015, HTTPS://WWW.AMARUJALA.COM/LUCKNOW/POOR-PERFORMANCE-OF-UP-CITY-IN-SMART-CITY-LIST-HINDI-NEWS>TITLE=à¤¸à¥à¤®à¤¾à¤°à¥à¤Ÿ à¤¸à¤¿à¤Ÿà¥€ à¤•à¥€ à¤ªà¤°à¥€à¤•à¥à¤·à¤¾ à¤®à¥‡à¤‚ à¤«à¥‡à¤² à¤¹à¥à¤ à¤¯à¥‚à¤ªà¥€ à¤•à¥‡ 12 à¤¶à¤¹à¤°

WORK=AMAR UJALA, 30 January 2016,

Name

According to Paul Whalley, the name JhÄnsÄ« means “covered in bushes or undergrowth”, from a variant of standard Hindi jhÄá¹› (“bushes, undergrowth”; ultimately from Sanskrit jhÄá¹a). The ending -sÄ« represents a reduced form of the Sanskrit genitive suffix -sya.JOURNAL, Whalley, Paul, Place-Names in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Chapter III, Section 2: Suffixes, The Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society, 1922, 3, 3, 52â€“98,books.google.com/books?id=PwdDAAAAYAAJ, 22 July 2023, {{rp|84-5}}A fanciful old folk etymology for the name JhÄnsÄ« derives the name from Hindi jhÄÄ«á¹ sÄ«, meaning “like a shadow” (or, in context, “rather indistinct“). This was supposedly said by the raja of Jaitpur, when asked by his host Bir Singh Deo if he could see the fort at Jhansi from the rooftop of his palace in Orchha. (The Jaitpur raj was only founded well after Bir Singh’s death, and the entire story is probably entirely spurious.){{rp|269}}{{rp|1}}

History

(File: The Fort, Jhansi, a gelatin silver photo, c.1900.jpg|thumb|left|Jhansi Fort, 1900)

Early history: Orchha and Mughal rule

Before the construction of Jhansi Fort on the Bangra hill in 1613, the site is said to have been covered by forest. The land then belonged to the nearby village of Lahargird, which itself belonged to the raja of Orchha’s territory. Two Ahir pastoralists supposedly set up some huts at the foot of the hill to watch over their herds around 1553. The Orchha raja Bir Singh Deo later had the fort built in 1613, and a village grew up around it. The village was apparently called Balwantnagar at first; when Jhansi became the name is unknown.BOOK, Drake-Brockman, D. L., Jhansi: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXIV of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, 1929, Government Press, Allahabad,archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281580, 31 May 2023, {{rp|268}}After the death of Jhujhar Singh, Bir Singh’s son and successor in Orchha, Jhansi came under Mughal control. Mughal troops and governors appear to have been posted here uninterrupted until the early 1700s.{{rp|268}}

Maratha rule

In 1722, Chhatrasal overran the Jhansi region as part of his new kingdom of Bundelkhand. However, in 1728, Muhammad Khan Bangash, the Nawab of Farrukhabad, drove him out and the area came back under Mughal control. Chhatrasal appealed for help to Baji Rao I, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and their combined forces drove out the Mughal army. In return, Chhatrasal granted Jhansi (among other places) to Baji Rao in his will when he died in 1731. In 1735, Raja Indargir Gosain, Maratha governor of Jhansi fort, rebelled and ultimately established a small principality based at Moth to the northeast. In 1742, the Peshwa put Naru Shankar in charge of Jhansi along with miscellaneous other places.BOOK, Joshi, Esha Basanti, Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Jhansi, 1965, New Government Press, Lucknow,archive.org/details/dli.ministry.08752, 31 May 2023, {{rp|47}}Naru Shankar’s tenure as governor was pivotal in Jhansi’s history. Up until now, Jhansi had been a fairly small village below the fort, but during this period it grew to become a large town. Naru Shankar undertook construction projects in the town, including a major expansion of the fort. He also populated Jhansi with deportees from other towns, primarily Orchha. (The rajas of Orchha moved their capital to Tikamgarh around this time, and the town of Orchha itself rapidly declined.){{rp|270}}Naru Shankar was replaced as governor by Madho (or Madhaji) Gobind Antia in 1757.{{rp|270}}{{rp|48}} Antia constructed a reservoir known as the Antia Tal outside the city walls, on the Gwalior road.{{rp|270}} Another governor, Babu Rao Kanahi, served after Antia but before 1761,{{rp|48}} when Ganesh Shambhaji is described as “the Maratha officer in charge of Jhansi”. In November 1761, Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh, had begun a military campaign in Bundelkhand, and Ganesh Shambhaji decided to switch sides and join him. After what Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava describes as an “indiscriminate plunder of Jhansi” (he doesn’t specify what this means), Ganesh Shambhaji jailed 52 of his Maratha colleagues and agreed to surrender Jhansi to Shuja-ud-Daula in return for a position in the Mughal service. After a detachment of Shuja-ud-Daula’s captured the fortress of Moth, the Maratha governor of Jhansi (who Srivastava doesn’t name) fearfully offered to submit and pay a 300,000-rupee tribute in return for being allowed to keep possession of the fort. Shuja-ud-Daula declined the offer and besieged the city. Its defenders surrendered on 1 February 1762. Shuja-ud-Daula appointed Muhammad Bashir as faujdar of the fort, and gave Ganesh Shambhaji the tax farm revenue for the district.BOOK, Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal, Shujah-ud-Daulah, Volume I (1754-1765), 1939, Midland Press, Calcutta,archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274, 31 May 2023, {{rp|138-40}}The Mughal rule of Jhansi only lasted for four years before Malhar Rao Holkar recaptured it for the Marathas. Naru Shankar was apparently re-appointed governor; after his death, he was succeeded by Vishwas Rao Lachman for five years.{{rp|48}}

Newalkar dynasty

The next governor was Raghunath Rao Newalkar. In late 1773, Shuja-ud-Daula sent another force south of the Yamuna, this time led by one Mir Naim, but they were defeated in a battle at Jhansi. Another Mughal-aligned force, led by Mirashgir, came to besiege Jhansi in late 1774, but the death of Shuja-ud-Daula in January 1775 resulted in the siege being abandoned. Raghunath Rao remained governor until his death in 1794; he had become practically independent by his death.{{rp|48-9}} He was succeeded by his brother Sheo Rao Hari, also called Sheo Rao Bhao. Sheo Rao was responsible for the construction of the city walls, which took place between 1796 and 1814. The Lachhmi Talao reservoir on the east side of town is sometimes attributed to Sheo Rao as well, although it has also been attributed to Anupgir Gosain of Moth instead.{{rp|271}}Sheo Rao’s descendants continued to rule what became known as Jhansi State until 1853. Sheo Rao himself signed the first treaty with the British in 1804, which established a military alliance between the two but still recognised Jhansi as a Maratha vassal. As part of the Treaty of Pune in 1817, overlordship was transferred from the Marathas to the British themselves.{{rp|49-51}}The final ruler of Jhansi State was Gangadhar Rao, who ruled from 1842 to 1853. Gangadhar Rao was a patron of the arts and a capable administrator. His only son died in infancy, so before he died, he and his wife Lakshmi Bai adopted a five-year-old boy named Damodar Rao to serve as his successor. Although this was accepted practice in Hindu law, the British did not recognise Damodar Rao as a valid heir and, invoking the Doctrine of Lapse, declared that Jhansi State had escheated to the British government. Lakshmi Bai appealed to the British court of directors, but to no avail, and in March 1854 the British took control of Jhansi.{{rp|50-2}}The newly-appointed British superintendent of Jhansi, Francis Gordon, wrote a report in 1854 documenting the state of the town at that time. He estimated that it had a population of 40,000 people. It was not an industrial centre of any kind, but he wrote that its commercial traffic was “enormous”; he estimated that 3 million rupees’ worth of goods passed through Jhansi per year. Large amounts of grain, coming from farmland to the south and southwest, passed through Jhansi on its way north. Cotton was brought from the west and then transported north to Kalpi. Salt also came from the west. In exchange, the merchants from the south and west bought sugar and various kirana goods to sell back home.{{rp|276}}From 1853 to 1861, a cantonment was built on the southeast side of town.{{rp|347}}

Rebellion of 1857

{{see also|Indian Rebellion of 1857}}Several factors had contributed to tensions in Jhansi before the rebellion broke out. Besides the British annexation of Jhansi State, various other members of the landed aristocracy were upset by the British encroaching on their traditional authority. Local residents were also upset by the fact that the British had permitted cow slaughter after they took over Jhansi (it had previously been banned). Another grievance was that the British had suspended endowments to the temple of Mahalakshmi (the patron goddess of the Newalkar dynasty) which had previously come from revenue collected from certain villages.{{rp|55}}At this point the garrison was composed entirely of Indian troops, and it consisted of five infantry companies, a cavalry force, and an artillery detachment, all commanded by British officers.{{rp|209}}Tensions boiled over on 5 June. That afternoon, one company of the Jhansi infantry along with the artillery detachment surrounded and entered the star fort and magazine, under the pretext of an attack by dacoits. They announced their intention to garrison the star fort themselves. Most of the British civilians took shelter in the regular fort. The remaining four infantry companies along with the cavalry had not joined in at this point, and that they night slept in the barracks without incident. The next day, however, most of them rose up and attacked and killed the British officers on site. They made their way to the main fort, which the rebels encircled and besieged. This was short-lived and on the 7th the British surrendered. They were marched south to the Jokhan Bagh, just outside the city walls, and executed.{{rp|56-7}}{{rp|209-11}}

Lakshmi Bai’s reign

On the 9th, there was a dispute between Lakshmi Bai and Sada Sheo Rao, a relative of her late husband, over who would rule in Jhansi, with both of them “bidding against each other” to win the support of the rebels. Lakshmi Bai offered much more and the rebels handed control of Jhansi to her. A proclamation was made saying “The people are God’s, the country is the Padishah’s, and the raj is Rani Lakshmi Bai’s”. Sada Sheo Rao assembled a force of 300 supporters, seized the fort of Karahra on 13 June, and attempted to proclaim himself ruler of Jhansi, but Lakshmi Bai sent troops after him and ultimately had him imprisoned and detained.{{rp|57}}{{rp|212}}Her position now secure, Lakshmi Bai set up an administration in Jhansi. She set up a mint, raised an army, and strengthened the forts at Jhansi and Karahra. Attempting to stay on good terms with the British, she sent a letter to a British agent named Major Erskine saying that she had only aided the rebels under duress, disavowing the massacre of British prisoners, and presenting herself as just a caretaker until the British could reoccupy the area. Erskine responded by giving her full authorisation to rule on behalf of the British until their troops arrived and sent a proclamation that all were to obey her; he assured her that she would be treated well.{{rp|58}}{{rp|212}}The main members of Lakshmi Bai’s administration were her father, Moropant Tambe; Lalu, the paymaster; Lachman Rao, the diwan; and Kashi Nath, the tahsildar.{{rp|57}}Meanwhile, the raja of Orchha, hoping to recover ancestral territories that had been conquered by the Marathas in the 1700s, invaded Jhansi. He presented himself to the British as a loyal ally of theirs fighting to suppress the rebellious rani of Jhansi. His troops looted the countryside and besieged Jhansi on 3 September. He lifted the siege on 22 October as reinforcements under the raja of Banpur came to assist the defenders. In early 1858, Lakshmi Bai finally drove the Orchha troops out of her territory, and had consolidated her control over all the territory that had belonged to Jhansi State before the British annexation.{{rp|217}}As late as February 1858, Lakshmi Bai pledged loyalty to the British and sent them multiple letters promising to hand over Jhansi without a fight if they treated her honourably. However, governor-general Charles Canning had never wanted to follow through with Erskine’s earlier proposition, and he considered the rani a rebel against British authority. On 11 February, Canning sent a letter to the British agent at Indore with instructions to try Lakshmi Bai before a special commission if captured. Lakhsmi Bai decided that she couldn’t trust the British and her only option was to fight them. On 14 February, she issued a proclamation urging both Hindus and Muslims to take up arms against the British because “they would surely destroy the people’s religion”. At her disposal were 12,000 troops, including 400 cavalry and about 40 artillery pieces. She also made negotiations with rebel leaders including Tantya Tope.{{rp|62}}

Siege and capture by the British

Commanders under Lakshmi Bai had all the vegetation outside the fort burned so that advancing British troops could forage absolutely nothing for supplies. However, the rajas of Orchha and Gwalior provided plenty of supplies for the British and their horses, so it ended up being moot. British forces under Hugh Rose arrived at Jhansi on 21 March and began a siege the next day after some initial scouting. On the morning of 1 April, some 22,000 troops under Tantya Tope came to relieve the defenders of Jhansi. They engaged the British at Basoba, some ways away from Jhansi. Tantya Tope’s forces successfully used a pincer formation to attack both flanks of British infantry, but a British cavalry counterattack used the same formation to envelop them, and Tantya’s forces were routed.{{rp|63-4}}{{rp|218-20}}On the morning of 3 April, the British stormed the city through a breach in the city wall. For the next two days, brutal hand-to-hand fighting took place in the streets as the British tried to advance toward the fort. During the night of 4-5 April, Lakshmi Bai escaped along with her bodyguards and followers and headed toward Kalpi. The British occupied the fort the following day.{{rp|65-6}}{{rp|220}} Rose’s troops looted Jhansi, grabbing jewellery and other valuables and tearing down many of the houses and temples. The Sanskrit manuscript collection belonging to the royal family of Jhansi was destroyed. Rose, however, wrote to the governor-general that his troops had occupied the city peacefully and “behaved in an exemplary manner”.{{rp|67}}

British Raj

After the rebellion was suppressed, the British rebuilt the cantonment of Jhansi south of the city walls. At first it was centrally located in the new district, but it went through repeated territorial flip-flopping which left the town at the extreme west of the district, effectively cut off from most of its associated territory. A treaty in 1861 transferred the town and fort of Jhansi, the parganas of Pachor and Karahra, and parts of parganas Jhansi and Bhander to Gwalior State. Jhansi was re-transferred to British rule in 1885 in exchange for the return of Gwalior, which the British had occupied after the uprising, as well as a payment of 15 lakh rupees. 58 villages were also transferred with Jhansi at the same time, making up the bulk of the Jhansi tehsil.{{rp|271-2}}The railway came to Jhansi in 1889, when construction of the Indian Midland Railway was completed. Jhansi was both the headquarters of this railway as well as an important junction with lines heading to Kanpur and Agra. The railway quickly drew the bulk of the commercial traffic passing through the region, and Jhansi “sprang into sudden importance” as a commercial centre, surpassing Mau-Ranipur as the district’s main trade centre.{{rp|73-8}}In 1899, the Hardiganj market was opened on the site of a former royal garden. It grew to become the largest market in both the city and the district, supplying all the other markets with their own goods.{{rp|164}}In 1886, the Indian National Congress came to Jhansi, and in 1888 Sripavati Ghosh was elected to serve as Jhansi’s delegate in the Congress at Allahabad. The Congress’s provincial conference was held in Jhansi in 1916, on the fort grounds and chaired by C. Y. Chintamani.{{rp|70}}From 1926, the revolutionary Chandra Shekhar Azad was based in Jhansi, variously posing as a chauffeur and a mechanic.{{rp|72}}

Independent India

After the independence of India, Jhansi was included in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Geography and climate

Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).WEB,www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Jhansi.html, Jhansi, India Page, fallingrain.com, 3 September 2012, Jhansi lies on the plateau of central India, an area dominated by rocky relief and minerals underneath the soil. The city has a natural slope in the north as it is on the south western border of the vast Tarai plains of Uttar Pradesh and the elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for species of citrus fruit and crops include wheat, pulses, peas, and oilseeds. The region relies heavily on monsoon the rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project (the Rajghat canal), the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some part of Madhya Pradesh. The trade in agricultural products (including grain and oilseeds) is of great economic importance.The Macmillan Encyclopedia; rev. ed. London: Macmillan, 1983; p. 647 The city is also a centre of brassware manufacture.Moore, W. G. (1971) The Penguin Encyclopedia of Places. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 371{{wide image|View of Jhansi from Sipri’s Hilltop.jpg|900px|A view of Jhansi from the hill of Sipri)}}

Climate

{{See also|Climate of Madhya Pradesh}}Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with the retreat of the southwest monsoon (Jhansi does not experience any rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon) and peaks in mid-December. Temperatures are about {{convert|4|C|F|1|disp=or}} minimum and {{convert|21|C|F|1|disp=or}} maximum. Spring arrives by the end of February and is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at {{convert|47|C|F|1|disp=or}} in May. The rainy season starts by the third week of June (although this is variable year to year), while the monsoon rains gradually weaken in September and end before the last week of September. In the rainy season, the average daily high temperature hovers around {{convert|36|C|F|1|disp=or}} with high humidity. The average rainfall for the city is about {{convert|1150|mm|inch|0|disp=or}} per year, occurring almost entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the Southwest Monsoon. In summer Jhansi experiences temperatures as high as {{convert|45|to|49|C|F|1}} degrees while in winter the temperatures can fall as low as {{convert|0|to|1|C|F|1}} as recorded in winter 2011.{{Weather box| location = Jhansi (1981â€“2010, extremes 1901â€“2012)| metric first = Yes| single line = Yes| temperature colour = | Jan record high C = 33.8| Feb record high C = 39.4| Mar record high C = 43.3| Apr record high C = 46.2| May record high C = 48.0| Jun record high C = 47.8| Jul record high C = 45.6| Aug record high C = 42.2| Sep record high C = 40.6| Oct record high C = 40.6| Nov record high C = 38.1| Dec record high C = 33.1| year record high C = 48.0| Jan high C = 23.4| Feb high C = 27.5| Mar high C = 34.0| Apr high C = 39.6| May high C = 42.4| Jun high C = 40.5| Jul high C = 34.4| Aug high C = 32.5| Sep high C = 33.5| Oct high C = 34.1| Nov high C = 30.0| Dec high C = 25.4| year high C = 33.1| Jan low C = 8.1| Feb low C = 11.1| Mar low C = 16.7| Apr low C = 22.6| May low C = 26.7| Jun low C = 27.5| Jul low C = 25.1| Aug low C = 23.9| Sep low C = 23.2| Oct low C = 19.5| Nov low C = 13.8| Dec low C = 9.5| year low C = 19.0| Jan record low C = 1.2| Feb record low C = 0.6| Mar record low C = 5.3| Apr record low C = 10.1| May record low C = 15.1| Jun record low C = 18.5| Jul record low C = 20.3| Aug record low C = 18.3| Sep record low C = 16.7| Oct record low C = 10.7| Nov record low C = 1.1| Dec record low C = 0.3| year record low C = 0.3| rain colour = green| Jan rain mm = 8.5| Feb rain mm = 9.2| Mar rain mm = 10.0| Apr rain mm = 2.6| May rain mm = 15.5| Jun rain mm = 92.3| Jul rain mm = 238.9| Aug rain mm = 263.1| Sep rain mm = 168.3| Oct rain mm = 28.4| Nov rain mm = 5.3| Dec rain mm = 3.6|year rain mm = 845.6| Jan rain days = 0.8| Feb rain days = 1.0| Mar rain days = 0.8| Apr rain days = 0.5| May rain days = 1.7| Jun rain days = 5.0| Jul rain days = 11.4| Aug rain days = 12.6| Sep rain days = 6.9| Oct rain days = 1.4| Nov rain days = 0.5| Dec rain days = 0.4| year rain days = 43.0

Indian Standard Time>IST| Jan humidity = 51| Feb humidity = 40| Mar humidity = 27| Apr humidity = 22| May humidity = 24| Jun humidity = 39| Jul humidity = 66| Aug humidity = 73| Sep humidity = 62| Oct humidity = 43| Nov humidity = 44| Dec humidity = 52|year humidity = 45| source 1 = India Meteorological DepartmentWEB,imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20200205040301imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20200205040301imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf, 5 February 2020,imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf, Station: Jhansi Climatological Table 1981â€“2010, Climatological Normals 1981â€“2010, India Meteorological Department, January 2015, 367â€“368, 27 April 2020, WEB,imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20200205042509imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20200205042509imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf, 5 February 2020,imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf, Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012), India Meteorological Department, December 2016, M217, 27 April 2020, }}

Demographics

{{Historical populations|title=Historical population|type=Kashipur

30,000

33,000

53,779

55,724

70,200

66,400

76,700

103,300

127,400

140,200

173,300

231,300

300,850

426,198

505,693

The Imperial Gazetteer of IndiaIMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA, VOLUME 14, PAGE 148

WEBSITE=DSAL.UCHICAGO.EDU

ACCESS-DATE=20 JULY 2017, 1901-1981 - Populstat.infoINDIA : URBAN POPULATION>URL=HTTP://WWW.POPULSTAT.INFO/ASIA/INDIAT.HTM

ACCESS-DATE=20 JULY 2017, 1991-2011 - Citypopulation.deJHANSI (JHANSI, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA) - POPULATION STATISTICS AND LOCATION IN MAPS AND CHARTS>URL=HTTP://WWW.CITYPOPULATION.DE/PHP/INDIA-UTTARPRADESH.PHP?CITYID=0943614000

ACCESS-DATE=20 JULY 2017, en, }}{{bar box

URL=HTTPS://CENSUSINDIA.GOV.IN/NADA/INDEX.PHP/CATALOG/11394/DOWNLOAD/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS

PUBLISHER=REGISTRAR GENERAL AND CENSUS COMMISSIONER OF INDIA, |titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=left|bars={{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|81.10}}{{bar percent|Islam|green|16.51}}{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|0.94}}{{bar percent|Sikhism|darkkhaki|0.52}}{{bar percent|Jainism|pink|0.46}}{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}}|caption=Distribution of religions}}As of 2011 Indian Census, Jhansi city had a total population of 505,693, of which 265,449 were males and 240,244 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 55,824. The total number of literates in Jhansi city was 373,500, which constituted 73.9% of the population with male literacy of 78.9% and female literacy of 68.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi city was 83.0%, of which male literacy rate was 88.9% and female literacy rate was 76.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 110,318 and 1,681 respectively. Jhansi city had 91,150 households in 2011.WEB, Census of India: Jhansi city,www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176733, www.censusindia.gov.in, 23 November 2019, {{pie chart|thumb = left|caption = Languages in Jhansi (2011)

Hindi >value1 = 97.14 |color1 = orange

Urdu >value2 = 1.57 |color2 = green

value3 = 1.29 |color3 = grey}}Hindi was the predominant language in the city, while Urdu was spoken by a minority.WEB, 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level),censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10235/download/13347/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX, 27 June 2022, censusindia.gov.in, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, The Jhansi urban agglomeration had a population of 547,638 which also included Jhansi Cantonment and Jhansi Railway Settlement.

Jhansi Cantonment

Jhansi Cantonment had a total population of 28,343 in 2011, of which 17,023 were males and 11,320 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,404. The total number of literates in Jhansi Cantonment was 23,354, which constituted 82.4% of the population. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Cantonment was 93.6%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 4,735 and 28 respectively. It had 30,460 households in 2011.WEB, Census of India: Jhansi Cantonment,www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176794, www.censusindia.gov.in, 23 November 2019,

Jhansi Railway Settlement

Jhansi Railway Settlement had a total population of 13,602 as of 2011, of which 7,226 were males and 6,376 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 1,168. The total number of literates in Jhansi Railway Settlement was 10,754, which constituted 79.1%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jhansi Railway Settlement was 86.5%, of which male literacy rate was 92.1% and female literacy rate was 80.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 3,373 and 38 respectively. It had 30460 households in 2011.WEB, Census of India: Jhansi Railway Settlement,www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=176666, www.censusindia.gov.in, 23 November 2019,

Songs and Poems

A number of patriotic songs have been written about the Rani. The most famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An emotionally charged description of the life of Rani Lakshmibai, it is often taught in schools in India.WEB, Poems of Bundelkhand,www.bundelkhand.in/POEM/khoob-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi, www.bundelkhand.in, Bundelkhand.In, 27 June 2017, A popular stanza from it reads: {{blockquote|à¤¬à¥à¤‚à¤¦à¥‡à¤²à¥‡ à¤¹à¤°à¤¬à¥‹à¤²à¥‹à¤‚ à¤•à¥‡ à¤®à¥à¤à¤¹ à¤¹à¤®à¤¨à¥‡ à¤¸à¥à¤¨à¥€ à¤•à¤¹à¤¾à¤¨à¥€ à¤¥à¥€,

à¤–à¥‚à¤¬ à¤²à¤¡à¤¼à¥€ à¤®à¤°à¥à¤¦à¤¾à¤¨à¥€ à¤µà¤¹ à¤¤à¥‹ à¤à¤¾à¤à¤¸à¥€ à¤µà¤¾à¤²à¥€ à¤°à¤¾à¤¨à¥€ à¤¥à¥€à¥¤à¥¤WEB, Chauhan, Subhadra Kumari, Jhansi ki rani,www.poemhunter.com/poem/hindi-poem-khub-ladi-mardani-woh-to-jhansi-wali-rani-thi/, www.poemhunter.com, Poem hunter, 27 June 2017, }}

Translation: “From the bards of Bundela we have heard this story / She fought valiantly like a warrior woman, she was the queen of Jhansi.“For Marathi people there is an equally well-known ballad about the brave queen penned at the spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, by B. R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate of Maharashtra and of her clan. A couple of stanzas run like this:{{blockquote|à¤°à¥‡ à¤¹à¤¿à¤‚à¤¦à¤¬à¤¾à¤‚à¤§à¤µà¤¾, à¤¥à¤¾à¤‚à¤¬ à¤¯à¤¾ à¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤³à¥€à¤‚ à¤…à¤¶à¥à¤°à¥ à¤¦à¥‹à¤¨ à¤¢à¤¾à¤³à¥€à¤‚ /

Translation: “You, denizen of this land, pause here and shed a tear or two / For this is where the flame of the valorous lady of Jhansi was extinguished / â€¦ / Astride a stalwart stallion / With a naked sword in hand / She burst open the British siege / And came to rest here, the brave lady of Jhansi!”

Education

Higher education

Central Ayurveda Research Institute, formerly National Vrkshayurveda Research Institute

Medical and technical colleges

(File:Mlb jhansi.jpg|thumb|MLB Medical College)In October 2009, the Union health ministry gave approvals for setting up an institute equivalent to AIIMS, the first in Bundelkhand region and developing central agriculture university.WEB,archive.indianexpress.com/news/centre-clears-an--aiims--for-bundelkhand/533791/, Centre clears an ‘AIIMS’ for Bundelkhand, Archive.indianexpress.com, 23 August 2015,

Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology
Government Polytechnic JhansiWEB,gpjhansi.com/, Government Polytechnic Jhansi,gpjhansi.com/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140109081136gpjhansi.com/,">web.archive.org/web/20140109081136gpjhansi.com/, 9 January 2014, dead, 30 December 2013,
Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, established 1968WEB,mlbmcj.in/, Maharani Laxmibai Medical College Jhansi, Mlbmcj.in, 24 June 2016,

Maharani Laxmi Bai Para medical Training College

(File:Jjjhansi.jpg|thumb|Grassland Jhansi)

Schools

Transport

The city is connected to other parts of India by railways and major highways.

Railways

(File:Jhansi Junction.jpg|thumb|Jhansi Junction)Jhansi has its own division in the North Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. It lies on the main Delhi-Chennai and Delhi-Mumbai lines. The station code is VGLJ. Trains for every part of the country are available 24*7, The first ever Shatabdi Express commenced its journey from New Delhi to Jhansi Jn. Each and every train stops at Jhansi Jn.

Road transport

Jhansi is located at the junction of these National Highways: National Highway 27 (India) from Gujarat to Assam; National Highway 75 (India) from Gwalior to Rewa via Chhatarpur; National Highway 44 (India) from Jammu to Kanyakumari; and National Highway 39 (India). Thus, Jhansi commands a strategic position in the roadways network as highways in five different directions diverge from it.The towns and major cities connected to it are Datia, Gwalior, Lalitpur, Agra, New Delhi, Bhopal, Prayagraj, Kanpur, Lucknow, Babina, Orchha, Banda, Shivpuri, Chhatarpur, Unnao Balaji, and Sagar.

Air transport

File: Amy Johnson jason india.jpg|thumb|Amy Johnson Amy Johnson Jhansi Airstrip is a military aviation base built in the British era used by the Indian army and political visitors. Though there are provisions for private aircraft to land, there are no civil aviation operations. There had been a demand to make it operational for commercial purposes in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. The Uttar Pradesh government announced the construction of an all-new civil aviation base to support tourism in Bundelkhand in April 2011.NEWS, Manjul, Tarannum,archive.indianexpress.com/news/new-airport-at-jhansi-to-boost-tourism/770258/, New airport at Jhansi to boost tourism, 1 April 2011, indianexpress, 3 September 2012, As of 2020, the Kanpur Airport, located {{cvt|228|km}} away, is the nearest major airport to Jhansi within the state, though Gwalior Airport in the neighbouring state of Madhya Pradesh is the nearest airport being located {{cvt|102|km}} from Jhansi which has direct flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Indore, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Ahemdabad, Jammu, Pune and Chennai.

Armed forces

The Jhansi Cantonment was the site of the accommodation for British civil and military personnel in the period of British rule in India. Jhansi district is the headquarters of the 31st Indian Armoured Division, stationed at Jhansi-Babina. There has been a joint exercise from 1 to 30 March 2012 with the Singaporean Army at Jhansi witnessed by the President of India, Pratibha Patil.WEB,www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/press_room/official_releases/nr/2012/mar/25mar12_nr.html, Singapore and Indian Armies Conduct the Eighth Bilateral Armour Exercise, www.mindef.gov.sg, 3 August 2017,

Media

Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran, Patrika,WEB,www.patrika.com/jhansi-news/, Jhansi Hindi News., 13 December 2017, Rajasthan Patrika, Patrika, and Dainik Bhaskar are some of the newspapers with online news services.

Newspapers

Many national and local newspapers are published in Jhansi in Hindi, Urdu and English:{| class=“wikitable sortable”

Janhit Darshan >| Hindi

Darshan Post >| Hindi

Amar Ujala >| Hindi

Dainik Jagran >| Hindi

Daily Aziz E Hindustan>| Urdu

Dainik Royal Mail >| Hindi

Dainik Vishwa Pariwar >| Hindi

Hindustan (newspaper)>Hindustan

Hindi

Jan Jan Jagran >| Hindi

Jan Seva Mail >| Hindi

Raftaar >| Hindi

Rajasthan Patrika>PatrikaHTTPS://WWW.PATRIKA.COM/JHANSI-NEWS/ > TITLE=JHANSI NEWS, à¤à¤¾à¤‚à¤¸à¥€ à¤¨à¥à¤¯à¥‚à¤œà¤¼, JHANSI NEWS IN HINDI, JHANSI SAMACHAR, à¤à¤¾à¤‚à¤¸à¥€ à¤¸à¤®à¤¾à¤šà¤¾à¤°,

Hindi

Swadesh >| Hindi

Dainik Uddhog Hakikat >| Hindi

Radio

Jhansi has five radio stations: Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, 92.7 BIG FM, 103.0 AIR FM and 91.1 Red FM and 93.5 FM.

Sport

Sports stadiums in Jhansi are Dhyanchand Stadium, Railway Stadium, and LVM Sports Place. Dhyanchand Stadium is the best place in Jhansi to learn sports skills. Many Sports played in Dhyanchand Stadium like Hockey, cricket, football, chess and many more.

Notable people

File:Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi.jpg|thumb|Rani Lakshmi Bai ]]

Pradeep Jain Aditya, is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress (INC)WEB, Pradeep Kumar Jain Aditya(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- JHANSI(JHANSI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:,myneta-info.translate.goog/uplb2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3614&_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc, 2024-01-03, myneta-info.translate.goog,
Ramesh Chandra Agarwal, media proprietor and founder-chairman of the Dainik Bhaskar group of newspapers
Edward Angelo (born 1870), Australian politician
Alexander Archdale, English actor in theatre and film
Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian freedom fighter
Vinod Kumar Bansal, Bansal classes, Kota
Michael Bates, English actor; Last of the Summer Wine and It Ain’t Half Hot Mum
Raja Bundela, Indian actor, producer, politician and civil activist
Major Dhyan Chand, (Padma Bhushan), former Indian Army officer and Indian field hockey player
Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar MCA & Member of Parliament 1952, MLC & Speaker Vidhan Parishad 1958, notable pleader, Social leader
Maithili Sharan Gupt, modern Hindi poet
Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard, explorer, adventurer, big-game hunter and marksman who improved to sniping practice in the British Army in the First World War
Indeevar, Hindi films lyricist
Piyush Jha, film director and screenwriter and novelist of Indian origin
Jhalkaribai, freedom fighter and advisor to Rani Lakshmi Bai
Rani of Jhansi, queen of Jhansi (1853â€“58), consort of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar of Jhansi
Abdul Karim, an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria who served her during the final 15 years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.
Subodh Khandekar, Olympian hockey player
B. B. Lal, former Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), known for his contribution on Indus Valley Civilization, Mahabharat and Ramayana sites.
Pankaj Mishra, Indian essayist and novelist
Joy Mukherjee, Indian actor and director
Ram Mukherjee, Indian director
Sashadhar Mukherjee, producer of Hindi films
Subodh Mukherjee, director, producer, writer of Hindi cinema; hits include Paying Guest, Munimji, Love Marriage (parts were shot at Jhansi), and Junglee
Randeep Rai, Indian television and film actor
Gangadhar Rao, Raja of Jhansi State, 1838â€“53
Raaj Shaandilyaa, Bollywood writer and director
Anurag Sharma is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician and Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha from Jhansi-Lalitpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh
Vishwanath Sharma, owner of Baidyanath Group, parliamentarian
Amit Singhal, senior vice-president at Google
Surendra Verma, Hindi author and playwright
Vrindavan Lal Verma (9 January 1889 â€“ 23 February 1969) was a Hindi novelist and playwright. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan for his literary works

Jhansi in popular culture

Jhansi in literature

{{See also|Rani of Jhansi#Literature, film & television}}Two novels by John Masters are set in the fictional town of Bhowani. According to the author, writing in the glossary to the earlier novel, Nightrunners of Bengal, Bhowani is an “imaginary town. To get a geographical bearing on the story it should be imagined to be about where Jhansi really is - 25.27 N., 78.33 E.“Masters, John. Nightrunners of Bengal. (London and New York, 1951). Glossary. Nightrunners of Bengal is set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at “Bhowani” (the title alludes to the mysterious distribution of “chapatis” to village headmen which preceded the revolt). Bhowani Junction is set in 1946/47 the eve of independence. In each novel the main character is a British army officer named Colonel Rodney Savage, one of a succession of such men from the same family.Christina Rossetti wrote a short poem about the fate of the Skene family at Jhansi during the Indian Mutiny. It is entitled “In the Round Tower at Jhansi - 8 June 1857”. It was published in 1862 in the same volume as her more celebrated poem “Goblin Market”. Some time afterward, Rossetti discovered that she had been misinformed about the husband and wife’s suicide pact in the face of a murderous and implacable enemy (’The swarming howling wretches below’ the tower walls) which is the poem’s subject, but did not delete it from later editions. Jhansi is the centre of story in Vrindavan Lal Verma’s Hindi novel ‘Jhansi Ki Rani’. This novel tells the story of Jhansi ki Rani Lakshmibai, who fought bravely in 1858â€“59 to save Jhansi from the Britishers’ attack.

Gallery

ISKCON Temple at Jhansi City.jpg|ISKCON Temple in the city

References

External links

{{wikivoyage-inline|Jhansi}}
{{Official websitewww.jhansi.nic.in}}

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