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{{short description|American physicist}}{{for|the Louisiana state legislator|J. Isaac Friedman}}{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2021}}

factoids

| birth_place = Chicago, Illinois, U.S.| death_date =| death_place=| field = Physics| alma_mater = University of Chicago| work_institution = MIT| doctoral_advisor=Enrico Fermi | doctoral_students=| known_for = Experimental proof of quarks| prizes= President's Medal of the IOP (2000) Nobel Prize in Physics (1990) DATE = 1992PUBLISHER = H.W. WILSON CO., 9780824208349, }}Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. He is institute professor and professor of physics, emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor, "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.",WEB,weblink Nobel prize citation, Nobelprize.org, 2011-01-08, work which showed an internal structure for protons later known to be quarks. Friedman sits on the board of sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Life and career

File:OIST BOG Members After Meeting Prime Minister Shinzo Abe 4 October 2013 20131004.jpg|thumb|left|200px|with Cherry A. Murray, Tim Hunt, Torsten Wiesel, Kōji Omi, Akito Arima, Jonathan M. DorfanJonathan M. DorfanBorn in Chicago, Illinois to Lillian (née Warsaw) and Selig Friedman, a sewing machine salesman, Friedman's JewishWEB,weblink Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics, 2013, June 3, 2014, Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics, Israel Science and Technology Homepage, parents emigrated to the U.S. from Russia. Jerome Friedman excelled in art but became interested in physics after reading a book on relativity written by Albert Einstein. He turned down a scholarship to the Art Institute of Chicago in order to study physics at the University of Chicago. Whilst there he worked under Enrico Fermi, and eventually received his Ph.D. in physics in 1956. In 1960, he joined the physics faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.In 1968–69, commuting between MIT and California, he conducted experiments with Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center which gave the first experimental evidence that protons had an internal structure, later known to be quarks. For this, Friedman, Kendall and Taylor shared the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is an institute professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Friedman is also a member of the board of sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.WEB,weblink Board of Sponsors, 2014, June 4, 2014, Board of Sponsors, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May 9, 2018,weblink dead, In 2003, he was one of 22 Nobel laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.WEB,weblink Notable Signers, American Humanist Association, Humanism and its Aspirations, October 2, 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121005105825weblink">weblink October 5, 2012, He is an atheist.WEB,weblink Nobel laureate Friedman: Time travel is not possible, July 9, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171207112423weblink">weblink December 7, 2017, dead, Friedman is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.WEB, A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates,weblink

Popular Culture

Prof Friedman appeared on an episode of Da Ali G Show, where Sacha Baron Cohen interviews Jerome as a fictional character called Ali G.{{Citation |title=Ali G + Borat - Dog Contest ( Super Funny ) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZGGWy8G-GA |access-date=2023-06-24 |language=en}}

Publications

• Friedman, J. I., Kendall, H. W., et al. "Experimental Search for a Heavy Electron", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) September 1967.
• Friedman, J. I. "Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering: Experimental", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) October 1971.

Honors

• (File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|55px|ribbon bar) Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2016)
• Member of the American Philosophical Society (2002)WEB, APS Member History,weblink 2021-10-05, search.amphilsoc.org,
• Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1992)WEB, Jerome I. Friedman,weblink 2021-10-05, www.nasonline.org,
• Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1991)WEB, Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement, achievement.org, American Academy of Achievement,weblink
• Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1980)WEB, Jerome Isaac Friedman,weblink 2021-10-05, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, en,

See also

• List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category}}

• Oral history interview transcript with Jerome Friedman on 12 August 2020, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
• {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1990 Deep Inelastic Scattering: Comparisons with the Quark Model
• Friedman page at MIT
• Jerome Friedman Playlist Appearance on WMBR's Dinnertime Sampler {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504000207weblink |date=May 4, 2011 }} radio show January 5, 2005
• Friedman Explains Role of Quarks in Killian Talk, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (April 1, 2001)
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080616105008weblink">Will Innovation Flourish in the Future? Opinion by Jerome Friedman, American Institute of Physics

{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1976-2000}}{{1990 Nobel Prize winners}}{{Presidents of the American Physical Society}}{{MIT physics department}}{{Authority control}}