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Inverness
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|City in the Highlands of Scotland}}{{About|the city in Scotland}}{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
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Prehistory and archaeology
Much of what is known about Inverness's prehistory comes from archaeological work that takes place before construction/development work as part of the planning process.Between 2009â2010, archaeological work in advance of the creation of flood defences to the south of the city at Knocknagael Farm by GUARD Archaeology discovered an archaeological site that showed humans had been living in the Inverness area from at least 6500 BC, the Late Mesolithic period. That same site showed people living/working in the area from the mid-7th millennium BC into the Late Iron Age (1st millennium AD) with most activity taking place in the Early Neolithic (4th millennium BC). The archaeologists also found a piece of flint from Yorkshire that showed that people in Inverness may have been trading with Yorkshire during the Neolithic.WEB, Vol 64 (2016): Relieving Floods, Revealing History: Early Prehistoric Activity at Knocknagael Farm, Inverness {{!, Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports|url=http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/93|access-date=2021-08-29|website=journals.socantscot.org}}Between 1996â1997, CFA Archaeology (then part of the University of Edinburgh) undertook excavations of crop marks in the west of Inverness in advance of the construction of a retail and business park. A Bronze Age cemetery was discovered in 1996 and in 1997 the archaeologists found the remains of a Bronze Age settlement and an Iron Age settlement, with an ironsmith. It is one the earliest examples of iron smithing in Scotland. The Iron Age settlement had Roman brooches from the AD 1stâ2nd centuries, indicating trade with the Roman Empire. Similarly, the Bronze Age site showed signs of metal production: finds included ceramic piece-moulds designed for the casting of Late Bronze Age leaf-shaped swords.WEB, Vol 47 (2011): A Later Prehistoric Settlement and Metalworking Site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland {{!, Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports|url=http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/77|access-date=2021-08-20|website=journals.socantscot.org}} A 93 oz (2.9 kg) silver chain dating to AD 500â800 was found just to the south of Torvean, during the excavation of the Caledonian Canal, in 1809.WEB, Torvaine, Caledonian Canal,weblink live,weblink" title="archive.today/20120710205121weblink">weblink 10 July 2012, 17 April 2009, CANMORE, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, . Silver chain was found at {{gbmapping|NH65424346}} when digging the Caledonian Canal in 1809.History
(File:View of Inverness.jpg|thumb|right|Inverness at the end of the 17th century)Picts
Inverness was one of the chief strongholds of the Picts, and in AD 569 was visited by St Columba with the intention of converting the Pictish king Brude, who is supposed to have resided in the vitrified fort on Craig Phadrig,WEB,weblink Craig Phadrig, Inverness, Walk in Scotland, Visitscotland, Walking.visitscotland.com, 27 March 2008, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100810133037weblink">weblink 10 August 2010, live, on the western edge of the city.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Inverness|volume=14|pages=718â719}} A church or a monk's cell is thought to have been established by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount, a mound close to the river, now the site of the Old High ChurchWEB,weblink Inverness churches, Churchesinverness.com, 14 July 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100629140228weblink">weblink 29 June 2010, and graveyard.Medieval
The first royal charter was granted by DabÃd mac MaÃl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king Mac Bethad Mac Findláich (MacBeth) whose 11th-century killing of King Duncan was immortalised in Shakespeare's largely fictionalised play Macbeth, held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.WEB, Destinations :: City Guides :: Inverness,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120716011955weblink">weblink 16 July 2012, 30 October 2012, Loganair, Inverness Castle is said to have been built by Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) of Scotland, after he had razed to the ground the castle in which Mac Bethad mac Findláich had, according to much later tradition, murdered Máel Coluim's father Donnchad (Duncan I), and which stood on a hill around 1 km to the north-east.The strategic location of Inverness has led to many conflicts in the area. Reputedly there was a battle in the early 11th century between Malcolm III and Thorfinn the Mighty at Blar Nam Feinne, to the southwest of the city.WEB, CANMORE,weblink Blar Nam Feinne, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 17 April 2009,weblink" title="archive.today/20120712085122weblink">weblink 12 July 2012, live, . Blar Nam Feinne is on Cnoc na Moine ({{gbmapping|NH595433}}).Inverness had four traditional fairs, including Legavrik or "Leth-Gheamhradh", meaning midwinter, and Faoilleach. William the Lion (d. 1214) granted Inverness four charters, by one of which it was created a royal burgh. Of the Dominican friary founded by Alexander III in 1233, only one pillar and a worn knight's effigy survive in a secluded graveyard near the town centre.File:Inverness from A Tour in Scotland.jpg|thumb|Engraving of Inverness from A Tour in Scotland by Thomas PennantThomas PennantMedieval Inverness suffered regular raids from the Hebrides, particularly by the MacDonald Lords of the Isles in the 15th century. In 1187 one Dòmhnall Bà n (Donald Ban) led islanders in a battle at Torvean against men from Inverness Castle led by the governor's son, Donnchadh Mac an Tòisich (Duncan Mackintosh).WEB, CANMORE,weblink Torvaine, Torbane, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 17 April 2009,weblink" title="archive.today/20120715070241weblink">weblink 15 July 2012, live, . RCAHMS locate the battle of Torvean at {{gbmapping|NH65414346}} Both leaders were killed in the battle, and Dòmhnall Bà n is said to have been buried in a large cairn near the river, close to where the silver chain was found.WEB, CANMORE,weblink Torvaine, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 17 April 2009,weblink" title="archive.today/20120707110031weblink">weblink 7 July 2012, live, . The cairn at {{gbmapping|NH65424346}} disappeared in the 19th or 20th centuries, it has also been claimed to mark the resting place of St Bean(Beóán) the Culdee. Local tradition says that the citizens fought off the Clan Donald in 1340 at the Battle of Blairnacoi on Drumderfit Hill, north of Inverness across the Beauly Firth.WEB, CANMORE,weblink Battle of Blairnacoi, Drumderfit Hill, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 18 April 2009,weblink" title="archive.today/20121224014537weblink">weblink 24 December 2012, live, {{gbmapping|NH656521}} In the late 14th-early 15 century, Inverness was a symbol of the Duke of Albany's power. On his way to the Battle of Harlaw in 1411, Donald of Islay took the town and burned the bridge over the Moray Firth. Sixteen years later James I held a parliament in the castle to which the northern chieftains were summoned, of whom three were arrested for defying the king's command. Clan Munro defeated Clan Mackintosh in 1454 at the Battle of Clachnaharry just west of the city.WEB, CANMORE,weblink Site Record for Clachnaharry, Clan Battle Monument, Clachnaharry Memorial, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 17 April 2009,weblink" title="archive.today/20120707035804weblink">weblink 7 July 2012, live, . Battle of Clachnaharry took place at {{gbmapping|NH6454946448}}. Clan Donald and their allies stormed the castle during the Raid on Ross in 1491.Post-medieval
File:Inverness, High Street, Town Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Inverness Town HouseInverness Town HouseIn 1562, during the progress undertaken to suppress Huntly's insurrection, Mary, Queen of Scots, was denied admittance into Inverness Castle by the governor, who belonged to the earl's faction, and whom she afterwards caused to be hanged. The Clan Munro and Clan Fraser of Lovat took the castle for her.George Buchanan's (1506â1582), History of Scotland, completed in 1579, first published in 1582. The house in which she lived meanwhile stood in Bridge Street until the 1970s, when it was demolished to make way for the second Bridge Street development.Beyond the then northern limits of the town, Oliver Cromwell built a citadel capable of accommodating 1,000 men, but with the exception of a portion of the ramparts it was demolished at the Restoration. A clock tower today called Cromwell's Tower is located in the Citadel area of Inverness but was actually part of a former hemp cloth factory built c. 1765.Alston, David. Slaves and Highlanders. Edinburgh University Press, 2021, p.223-224Inverness played a role in the Jacobite rising of 1689. In early May, it was besieged by a contingent of Jacobites led by MacDonell of Keppoch. The town was actually rescued by Viscount Dundee, the overall Jacobite commander, when he arrived with the main Jacobite army, although he required Inverness to profess loyalty to King James VII.A. M. Scott, Bonnie Dundee (1989), pp. 104-10518th and 19th centuries
In 1715 the Jacobites occupied the royal fortress as a barracks. In 1727 the government built the first Fort George here, but in 1746 it surrendered to the Jacobites and they blew it up.WEB,weblink Inverness on Undiscovered Scotland, Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100802041910weblink">weblink 2 August 2010, dead, Culloden Moor lies nearby, and was the site of the Battle of Culloden in 1746, which ended the Jacobite rising of 1745â46.In 1783, the year that saw the end of the American Revolution and the beginning of the Highland Clearances in Inverness-shire, Cionneach MacCionnich (1758â1837), a poet from Clan MacKenzie who was born at Castle Leather near Inverness,Edited by Michael Newton (2015), Seanchaidh na Coille: Memory-Keeper of the Forest, Cape Breton University Press. Page 517. composed the Gaelic poem The Lament of the North. In the poem, MacCionnich mocks the Highland gentry for becoming absentee landlords, evicting their tenants en masse in favor of sheep, and of "spending their wealth uselessly", in London. He accuses King George III both of tyranny and of steering the ship of state into shipwreck. MacCionnich also argues that truth is on the side of George Washington and the Continental Army and that the Scottish Gaels would do well to emigrate to the New World before the King and the landlords take every farthing they have left.Edited by Michael Newton (2015), Seanchaidh na Coille: Memory-Keeper of the Forest, Cape Breton University Press. Pages 52-59.Recent history
The Rose Street drill hall was completed in around 1908.WEB,weblink Inverness Burgh Directory 1908-1909, 27 June 2017, (The 1:2500, 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey Plan, published in 1904â1905, does not show the drill hall) On 7 September 1921, the first British Cabinet meeting to be held outside London took place in the Inverness Town House, when David Lloyd George, on holiday in Gairloch, called an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Ireland. The Inverness Formula composed at this meeting was the basis of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.WEB,weblink Inverness Town House, The Gazetteer for Scotland, 15 March 2021, Inverness has experienced rapid economic growth in the 21st century - between 1998 and 2008, Inverness and the rest of the central Highlands showed the largest growth of average economic productivity per person in Scotland and the second-greatest growth in the United Kingdom as a whole, with an increase of 86%.NEWS, 18 July 2011, BBC News â Central Highlands 'Scotland's top economic performer', BBC,weblink live, 25 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110719140732weblink">weblink 19 July 2011, It was awarded the Nicholson Trophy (class 2 category) for the best town with between 20,000 and 50,000 inhabitants at Britain in Bloom contest in 1975.NEWS,weblink Aberdeen wins Bloom Trophy, Evening Express (Scotland), Evening Express, 29 July 1975, 18 May 2022, British Newspaper Archive, subscription, In 2014, a survey by a property website described Inverness as the happiest place in Scotland and the second-happiest in the UK.NEWS,weblink Inverness happiest place in Scotland, BBC, 21 May 2014, BBC News, 21 May 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140522200520weblink">weblink 22 May 2014, live, Inverness was again found to be the happiest place in Scotland by a new study conducted in 2015.WEB,weblink Inverness is Scotland's happiest place, The Herald, 6 August 2015, 16 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151008100041weblink">weblink 8 October 2015, live, Residents of Inverness expressed their disapproval of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, known by the title "Earl of Inverness", following allegations made against him. In 2019 Inverness residents started a campaign to strip him of that title, stating that "it is inappropriate that Prince Andrew is associated with our beautiful city."WEB,weblink Petition urges Queen to strip Prince Andrew of Earl of Inverness title, Inverness Courier, 21 November 2019, 31 May 2020,Demography
Toponymy
(File:Inverness, Capital of the Highlands (40440582462).jpg|thumb|right|Inverness is often regarded as the Capital of the Highlands)missing image!
- Gaelic preaspiration.jpg -
The use of preaspiration in different Scottish Gaelic dialects throughout the Highlands, from 1 (strong) to 6 (absent). Preaspiration was used in the dialect of Inverness Gaelic and is still evident in both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness today.
- Gaelic preaspiration.jpg -
The use of preaspiration in different Scottish Gaelic dialects throughout the Highlands, from 1 (strong) to 6 (absent). Preaspiration was used in the dialect of Inverness Gaelic and is still evident in both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness today.
- Beinn Bhuidhe Bheag â "Little Yellow Hill"
- Beinn Uan â "Lamb Hill"
- Cnoc na Mòine â "The Peat Hill"
- Cnoc na Gaoithe â "The Hill of the Wind"
- Cnoc an t-Seòmair â "The Hill of the Room"
- Creag Liath â "Grey Crag"
- Creag nan Sidhean â "The Crag of the Fairies"
- Doire Mhòr â "Great Oakwood"
- Carn a' Bhodaich â "The Old Man's Cairn"
- Meall Mòr â "Great Hill"
Population
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"Geography
Inverness is situated at the mouth of the River Ness (which flows from nearby Loch Ness) and at the south-western extremity of the Moray Firth. The city lies at the end of the Great Glen with Loch Ness, Loch Ashie and Loch Duntelchaig to the west. Inverness's Caledonian Canal also runs through the Great Glen, connecting Loch Ness, Loch Oich, and Loch Lochy.The Ness Islands, a publicly owned park, consists of two wooded islands connected by footbridges and has been used as a place of recreation since the 1840s.WEB,weblink River Ness â Inverness â Ness Islands, nessriver.co.uk, 25 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111008061241weblink">weblink 8 October 2011, dead, Craig Phadraig, once an ancient Gaelic and Pictish hillfort, is a {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=on}}WEB,weblink Walk Scotland â Perfect Walks â Dunain Hill & Craig Phadraig, Walking.visitscotland.com, 27 March 2008, 25 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110927064955weblink">weblink 27 September 2011, live, hill which offers hikes on a clear pathway through the wooded terrain.Inverness lies on the Great Glen Fault. There are minor earthquakes, usually unnoticed by locals, about every 3 years. The last earthquake to affectWEB,weblink British Earthquakes from 1700 to 1849, www.pascalbonenfant.com, Inverness was in 1934.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20040609131324weblink">weblink dead, 9 June 2004, Inverness Royal Academy, Invernessroyal.highland.sch.uk, 16 August 1934, 25 August 2011,missing image!
- Inverness-pano.jpg -
center|Panorama of Inverness looking downstream to the Greig St Bridge with Huntly Street (left), the River Ness and Bank Street (right)
- Inverness-pano.jpg -
center|Panorama of Inverness looking downstream to the Greig St Bridge with Huntly Street (left), the River Ness and Bank Street (right)
missing image!
- Inverness Moray Firth Panorama 01.jpg -
center|Panorama of Inverness from the Black Isle, with Moray Firth to the left and Kessock Bridge in the centre
- Inverness Moray Firth Panorama 01.jpg -
center|Panorama of Inverness from the Black Isle, with Moray Firth to the left and Kessock Bridge in the centre
Location
{{Geographic Location|title = Destinations from Inverness|Northwest = Gairloch, UllapoolClimate
Like most of the United Kingdom, Inverness has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).WEB,weblink Inverness, Scotland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase), Weatherbase, 2019-03-04,weblink 4 March 2019, live, The climate here is cooler than in more southerly parts of Britain. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|29.7|C|F}} in July 2006 and June 2018, and the lowest temperature recorded was {{convert|-18.7|C|F}} in January 2010. Typically, the warmest day of the year rises to around {{convert|25|C|F}} and the coldest night falls to around {{convert|-11|C|F}}.WEB, KNMI (institute), KNMI,weblink Frost Incidence, 2 November 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120602142418weblink">weblink 2 June 2012, live, The climate in this area is characterised by relatively small differences between annual high and low temperatures, as well as adequate rainfall year-round.{{Weather boxHealth
{{Further|Highland Clinical Research Facility}}Raigmore Hospital is the main hospital in Inverness and the entire Highland region.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150215182358weblink">weblink dead, NHS Scotland, 15 February 2015, www2.nhshighland.scot.nhs.uk, The present hospital opened in 1970, replacing wartime wards dating from 1941.WEB,weblink Raigmore Hospital, Nhshighland.scot.nhs.uk, 3 March 1999, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100529041606weblink">weblink 29 May 2010, live, Raigmore is a teaching hospital for the universities of Aberdeen and Stirling. A Centre for Health Science (CfHS) is located behind the hospital. This is funded by Highlands and Islands Enterprise, the Scottish Government and Johnson & Johnson. Phase I of this opened in early 2007, with phase II and phase III housing The Diabetes Institute opening in 2009. The University of Stirling moved its nursing and midwifery teaching operations from Raigmore Hospital to the CfHS. The University of the Highlands and Islands also has strong links with the Centre through its Faculty of Health.Economy
{{see|Economic history of Scotland}}(File:a street in inverness.jpg|thumb|right|Inverness High Street heading towards Church Street)File:Entrance to Inverness harbour (low tide) - geograph.org.uk - 1143277.jpg|thumb|right|Entrance into Inverness harbour during low tide]]Most of the traditional industries such as distilling have been replaced by high-tech businesses, such as the design and manufacture of diabetes diagnostic kits (by LifeScan). Highlands and Islands Enterprise has principally funded the Centre for Health Science to attract more businesses in the medical and medical devices business to the area.WEB, Supporting Economic Development in the Highlands & Islands through Scotland's Universities,weblink Scottish Funding Council, 6 February 2017, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170207113659weblink">weblink 7 February 2017, Inverness is home to Scottish Natural Heritage following that body's relocation from Edinburgh under the auspices of the Scottish Government's decentralisation strategy. SNH provides a large number of jobs in the area.Inverness City Centre lies on the east bank of the river and is linked to the west side of the town by three road bridges – Ness Bridge, Friars Bridge and the Black (or Waterloo) Bridge – and by one of the town's suspension foot bridges, the Greig Street Bridge.WEB,weblink Inverness Town Centre Map, Stockphotography.co.uk, 14 July 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090520091742weblink">weblink 20 May 2009, The traditional city centre was a triangle bounded by High Street, Church Street and Academy Street, within which Union Street and Queensgate are cross streets parallel to High Street. Between Union Street and Queensgate is the Victorian Market, which contains a large number of small shops.WEB,weblink Inverness Shops, Explore-inverness.com, 15 March 2010, 14 July 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100325235025weblink">weblink 25 March 2010, The main Inverness railway station is almost directly opposite the Academy Street entrance to the Market. From the 1970s, the Eastgate Shopping Centre was developed to the east of High Street, with a substantial extension being completed in 2003.Education
File:University of the Highlands and Islands - Inverness College - geograph.org.uk - 5996623.jpg|thumb|right|Inverness College, a partner institution of the University of the Highlands and IslandsUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsFile:Art Deco Inverness High School, Montague Row, Inverness - geograph.org.uk - 884780.jpg|thumb|right|The Art deco inspired building of Inverness High SchoolInverness High SchoolThe city has a number of different education providers. Inverness is catered for by about a dozen primary schools including Bun-sgoil Ghà idhlig Inbhir Nis, a specialised institution situated at Slackbuie. There are five secondary schools: Inverness High School, Inverness Royal Academy, Charleston Academy, Millburn Academy, and Culloden Academy. Additionally there is Inverness College UHI which offers further and higher education courses to those of school leaving age and above. The city also has a new Centre for Health Sciences adjacent to Raigmore Hospital.Inverness College is situated in the city and is a part of the University of the Highlands and Islands, a federation of 15 colleges and research institutions in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland delivering higher education.WEB, UHI,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081025095443weblink">weblink 25 October 2008, 22 April 2015, Inverness.uhi.ac.uk, With around 8,420 students, Inverness College hosts around a quarter of all the University of the Highlands and Islands' students, and 30% of those studying to degree level.WEB, Inverness College,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150502075513weblink">weblink 2 May 2015, 22 April 2015, Inverness.uhi.ac.uk, In 2015 the college moved to a new campus to the East of the A9. The original outline planning application forms a vision for the development over the next thirty years. The application includes:- Academic buildings â up to 70,480 m2
- Business and incubation units â up to 49,500 m2
- Indoor sports complex â up to 9,000 m2
- Student and other short term residences â 44,950 m2
- Associated landscape, open space, outdoor recreation, infrastructure and services necessary to support the development phases
- Up to 200 residential units
- A social enterprise-run hotelWEB,weblink Welcome, Inverness Campus, 25 August 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120304123100weblink">weblink 4 March 2012, WEB,weblink Welcome, Inverness Campus, 25 August 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120304123117weblink">weblink 4 March 2012,
Transport
Road network
missing image!
- Kessock Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1235341.jpg -
The Kessock Bridge carries the A9 trunk road across the Beauly Firth
(File:Eastgate Centre from Millburn Road - geograph.org.uk - 934823.jpg|thumb|right|Cars passing through Millburn Road in Inverness)File:The Inverness Road (the A82) - geograph.org.uk - 3399120.jpg|thumb|right|The section leading to Inverness of the A82 roadA82 road Inverness is linked to the Black Isle across the Moray Firth by the Kessock Bridge. Three trunk roads link Inverness with the rest of Scotland: - Kessock Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1235341.jpg -
The Kessock Bridge carries the A9 trunk road across the Beauly Firth
- A9 north to Thurso and Wick, and south to Perth (carrying European Route E15) and the Central Belt,
- A82 to Glasgow via Fort William
- A96 to Elgin and Aberdeen.
Public Transport
File:Inverness Bus Station - geograph.org.uk - 467841.jpg|thumb|Inverness bus stationInverness bus stationInverness bus station is situated at Farraline Park and can be accessed from Academy Street and Margaret Street. The bus station is managed by The Highland Council and is a short walk away from the Inverness railway station and the main shopping area. Permission was granted to demolish the existing bus station in 2000. It was then replaced with a new terminal building in the early 2000s. The bus station's main operators include Stagecoach in Inverness and Stagecoach in Lochaber. Buses operate from the bus station around the town of Inverness and to Inverness Airport and to places as far afield as Fort William, Ullapool, Thurso, and Aberdeen. Megabus and Scottish Citylink operate a regular coach service to the Scotland's capital Edinburgh with connections to Glasgow at Perth.National Express Coaches operate an overnight service from Inverness to London (Victoria) via Edinburgh taking 15 hours 5 minutes.WEB,weblink Coach Travel & Airport Transfers {{!, National Express|website=www.nationalexpress.com|access-date=2019-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014220155weblink|archive-date=14 October 2019|url-status=live}} Stagecoach Highlands is the division of the Stagecoach Group which covers most of the former Rapson Group operations after the take-over by Stagecoach. It covers the following depots of the Stagecoach Group.- Fort William (Ardgour Road, Caol) (t/a Stagecoach in Lochaber)
- Kirkwall (Scott's Road Hatston Industrial Estate) (t/a Stagecoach in Orkney)
- Portree (Park Road) (t/a Stagecoach in Skye)
- Thurso (Janet Street) (t/a Stagecoach in Caithness)
Rail
ScotRail services connect Inverness railway station to Perth, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Thurso, Wick, and Kyle of Lochalsh. Inverness is connected to London Euston by the Caledonian Sleeper, which departs six times a week, and by the London North Eastern Railway-operated Highland Chieftain to London King's Cross, which runs daily.London North Eastern Railway, Highland Chieftain welcomes Azuma to the clan, published 10 December 2019, accessed 17 July 2023 Inverness Airport station, opened in 2023, serves the city's airport, and is served by services between Inverness and Aberdeen. File:Inverness airport (41461531092).jpg|thumb|right|Inverness AirportInverness AirportPort of Inverness
The Port of Inverness is located at the mouth of the River Ness. It has four quays and receives over 300 vessels a year.Air
Inverness AirportOrdnance Survey grid reference for Inverness Airport (access from A96 road): {{gbmappingsmall|NH776508}}. is located {{convert|13|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the city and has scheduled flights to airports across the UK including London, Manchester, Belfast and the islands to the north and west of Scotland, as well as a number of flights to Europe. Loganair operate Saab 340 and Saab 2000 aircraft on routes to Benbecula, Dublin, Kirkwall, Stornoway, and Sumburgh. EasyJet operate Airbus aircraft to London Gatwick three times per day, Luton twice a day and Bristol. British Airways operates a daily service to London Heathrow, and KLM operate a daily service to Amsterdam.Government
{{See also|Politics of the Highland council area}}Local government
File:Inverness - Highland Council Headquarters (geograph 5000272).jpg|thumb|right|Inverness is the administrative centre for The Highland CouncilThe Highland Council Inverness was an autonomous royal burgh, and county town for the county of Inverness (also known as Inverness-shire) until 1975, when local government counties and burghs were abolished, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, in favour of two-tier regions and districts and unitary islands council areas. The royal burgh was then absorbed into a new district of Inverness, which was one of eight districts within The Highland Council region. The new district combined in one area the royal burgh, the Inverness district of the county and the Aird district of the county. The rest of the county was divided between other new districts within the Highland region and the Western Isles. Therefore, although much larger than the royal burgh, the new Inverness district was much smaller than the county.In 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994,WEB,weblink Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, Office of Public Sector Information, 14 July 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100301043228weblink">weblink 1 March 2010, the districts were abolished and the region became a unitary council area. The new unitary The Highland Council, however, adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas, and created area committees to represent each. The Inverness committee represented 23 out of the 80 Highland Council wards, with each ward electing one councillor by the first past the post system of election. Management area and committee area boundaries later became disconnected as a result of changes to ward boundaries in 1999. Ward boundaries changed again in 2007, and the council management areas were replaced with three new corporate management areas.Ward boundary changes in 2007, under the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004,WEB,weblink Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, Office of Public Sector Information, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081006150105weblink">weblink 6 October 2008, live, created 22 new Highland Council wards, each electing three or four councillors by the single transferable vote system of election, a system designed to produce a form of proportional representation. The total number of councillors remaining the same. Also, the Inverness management area was merged into the new Inverness, Nairn and Badenoch and Strathspey corporate management area, covering nine of the new wards and electing 34 of the 80 councillors. As well as the Inverness area, the new area includes the former Nairn management area and the former Badenoch and Strathspey management area. The corporate area name is also that of a constituency, but boundaries are different.Within the corporate area there is a city management area covering seven of the nine wards, the Aird and Loch Ness ward, the Culloden and Ardersier ward, the Inverness Central ward, the Inverness Millburn ward, the Inverness Ness-side ward, the Inverness South ward and the Inverness West ward. The Nairn and Cawdor ward and the Badenoch and Strathspey ward complete the corporate area. Wards in the city management area are to be represented on a city committee as well as corporate area committees.{| class="wikitable"|+ Distribution of Highland Council seats by party in Inverness! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | Party! colspan="45" style="text-align: left;" | SeatsCity status
In 2001, city status was granted to the Town of Inverness, and letters patent were taken into the possession of the Highland Council by the convener of the Inverness area committee.Helen Liddell joins Inverness celebrations as Scotland's Millennium City, Scotland Office press release 19 March 2001 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928041004weblink |date=28 September 2007 }}Inverness awarded city status {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031214030053weblink |date=14 December 2003 }}, BBC News, 18 December 2000. These letters patent, which were sealed in March 2001 and are held by Inverness Museum and Art Gallery,Ordnance Survey grid reference for Inverness Museum and Art Gallery: {{gbmappingsmall|NH666451}} create a city of Inverness, but do not refer to anywhere with defined boundaries, except that Town of Inverness may be taken as a reference to the burgh of Inverness. As a local government area the burgh was abolished 26 years earlier, in 1975, and so was the county of Inverness for which the burgh was the county town. Nor do they refer to the former district or to the royal burgh.The Highland area was created as a two-tier local government region in 1975. The region consisted of eight districts, of which one was called Inverness. The region's districts were all abolished in 1996 when Highland was made a single-tier council area. Highland Council then adopted the areas of the former districts as council management areas. The management areas were abolished in 2007, in favour of three new corporate management areas. The council has defined a large part of the Inverness, Nairn and Badenoch and Strathspey corporate area as the Inverness city management area.Key Decisions Taken on Council Post 2007, Highland Council news release, 15 December 2006 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008000135weblink |date=8 October 2009 }}, includes a list of wards within the Inverness management area This council-defined city area includes Loch Ness and numerous towns and villages apart from the former burgh of Inverness.In January 2008 a petition to matriculate armorial bearings for the City of Inverness was refused by Lord Lyon King of Arms on the grounds that there is no legal persona to which arms can be granted.WEB,weblink Coat of arms rejected in city status quer, The Inverness Courier, 29 January 2008, 16 October 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131009041948weblink">weblink 9 October 2013, dead,Parliamentary representation
There are two existing parliamentary constituencies with Inverness as an element in their names:- One county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster), created in 2005:
- Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey, currently represented by Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) Drew Hendry.
- One constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood), created in 2011:
- Inverness and Nairn, currently represented by Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) Fergus EwingFergus Ewing MSP, Scottish Parliament website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630023546weblink |date=30 June 2007 }}. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
- One burgh constituency:
- Inverness Burghs, 1708 to 1918
- Five county constituencies:
- Inverness-shire, 1708 to 1918
- Inverness, 1918 to 1983
- Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber, 1983 to 1997
- Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber, 1997 to 2005
- Ross, Skye and Inverness West, 1997 to 2005
Culture
Twin towns â sister cities
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland}}Inverness is twinned with:WEB, Home,weblink City of Inverness Town Twinning Committee, 2022-06-26,- {{flagicon|GER}} Augsburg, Germany (1956)
- {{flagicon|FRA}} La Baule-Escoublac, France (1981)
- {{flagicon|FRA}} Saint-Valery-en-Caux, France (1987)
Arts and events
(File:Eden Court Theatre, Inverness, at dusk - geograph.org.uk - 5624401.jpg|thumb|right|Eden Court Theatre)The main theatre, cinema and arts centre in Inverness is called Eden Court Theatre. Other venues in the city include Inverness Museum and Art Gallery, The Iron Works, The Northern Meeting Park and Wasp Studios. Inverness is an important centre for bagpipe players and lovers, since every September the city hosts the Northern Meeting. The Inverness cape, a garment worn in the rain by pipers the world over, is not necessarily made in Inverness.Another major event in calendar is the annual City of Inverness Highland Games. The event can trace its roots back to one of the first Highland Games staged in the modern era; the True Highland Games which was staged in 1822 by members of the Northern Meeting Society. In 1864 the Northern Meeting Society built the world's first Highland Games stadium, the Northern Meeting Park. The last Northern Meeting Highland Games was staged in 1938 and following the second world war, responsibility for the organisation of the annual event passed to the Town Council who moved the event to Bught Park in 1948. In 2006 Inverness hosted Scotland's biggest ever Highland Games over two days in July, featuring the Masters' World Championships, the showcase event for heavies aged over 40 years. The first year that the Masters' World Championships had been held outside the United States was 2006, and it attracted many top heavies from around the world to the Inverness area. The Masters World Championships returned in 2009 when it was staged as part of the Homecoming celebrations. In 2010, the City of Inverness Highland Games returned to Northern Meeting Park where it remains to this day. Actress Karen Gillan is the ambassador for Theatre Art Education. Inverness has gained notoriety as well for being featured in the Outlander novel series by author Diana Gabaldon. The Tartan Heart Festival in the nearby village of Kiltarlity, is a summer festival that brings a variety of music to the area. BFBS Radio broadcasts on 87.7FM as part of its UK Bases network.Inverness Botanic Gardens is located in Bught Park a few minutes walk from the west bank of the River Ness near to the Ness Islands.WEB,weblink Inverness Botanic Gardens, 16 February 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140222005135weblink">weblink 22 February 2014, live, In 2007, the city hosted Highland 2007, a celebration of the culture of the Highlands, and will also host the World Highland Games Heavy Championships (21 & 22 July) and European Pipe Band Championships (28 July).WEB,weblink Highland 2007, European Pipe Band Championships are a closing highlight of InvernessFest, 26 July 2007, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071013223252weblink">weblink 2007-10-13, dead, 2008 saw the first Hi-Ex (Highlands International Comics Expo), held at the Eden Court Theatre.First superheroes expo for north, BBC, 18 January 2008Scots' impact on comics examined, BBC, 18 January 2008Inverness is the location of Macbeth's castle in Shakespeare's play. Inverness Library is located in Farraline Park, housed in what was originally the Bell's school, designed by William Robertson in the Greek Revival style. The school was built with help from a £10,000 donation from Dr Andrew Bell in 1837.NEWS,weblink Schools of Inverness have a long history, 4 July 2017, Inverness Courier, 1 February 2018,Media
BBC Scotland has a studio in the city which broadcast the local opt-out of BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan GÃ idheal. {{harvnb|Contact numbers for BBC Scotland}} Television signals are received from the Rosemarkie TV transmitter WEB,weblink Full Freeview on the Rosemarkie (Highland, Scotland) transmitter, 1 May 2004, UK Free TV, 10 January 2024, and the local relay transmitter situated in the centre of the city. WEB,weblink Freeview Light on the Inverness (Highland, Scotland) transmitter, 1 May 2004, UK Free TV, 10 January 2024, The commercial radio station, Moray Firth Radio (MRF) is also based in the city located on Scorguie Place. WEB,weblink MFR, 10 January 2024, The Inverness Courier is the local weekly newspaper which publishes on Fridays. WEB,weblink The Inverness Courier, 20 April 2014, British Papers, 10 January 2024,Language
Historically, Inverness had a solidly Scottish Gaelic speaking population, with the majority of the population having Gaelic as their first language. From approximately the end of the 19th century, following the 1872 Education Act, Inverness suffered a decline in the number of Gaelic speakers in line with the rest of the once Gaidhealtachd / Scottish Highlands. Despite the local dialect of Scottish Gaelic gradually falling out of use (although it continued to affect local English language dialect), the language is still spoken in other dialects and standardised forms. By the end of the 19th century, some rural areas to the south east of Inverness still had completely Gaelic speaking populations, such as Strath Dearn where almost 100% of the population were still Gaelic speaking.1677: Inverness was described as "overwhelmingly" Gaelic speaking by the traveller Thomas Kirk.1704: Close to 100% of the population was fluent in Gaelic with over 75% of the population only able to speak Gaelic.Mitchell, A. Inverness Kirk-session Records 1661â1880, 25, Inverness, 1902 Edward Lhuyd published major work on Inverness Gaelic and after collecting data from between 1699 and 1700, his findings showed a distinct dialect in the area.Campbell, JL & Thomson, D. Edward Lhuyd in the Scottish Highlands 1699â1700 Oxford (1963) The clear dialect of Inverness Gaelic was held in high regard by speakers of other forms, such as those from Lewis, Sutherland and Ross.BOOK,weblink Popular Tales of the West Highlands, J F, Campbell, 30 October 2012, 9781907256028, 2009, Abela Publishing, Gaelic remained the principal language of Invernessians for the rest of the 18th century, despite growing pressure from outwith the Highlands in both political and social contexts.1798: Thomas Garnett (Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the Royal Institution of Great Britain) observed that Inverness had become largely bilingual with Invernessians using Gaelic as the language of the home but English as the language of foreign trade â however, the older generation at the time generally only had the Gaelic. Speaking of those in the countryside immediately surrounding Inverness, Garnett stated that although in Inverness both Gaelic and English "are spoken promiscuously...the language of the country people is Gaelic."1828: John Wood praised the standard of both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness stating that both languages were spoken with "utmost purity." He noted that children would casually flit between the two languages while playing, asking questions in Gaelic while receiving answers in English and vice versa.1882: The Celtic Magazine, published in Inverness, complained that enumerators of the 1881 census who assessed whether families were Gaelic speaking, English speaking or both, had supplied false information. The magazine wrote that "whole families .... scarcely any member of whom can express the commonest idea intelligently in English â who are in every sense Gaelic-speaking people only â were returned by the enumerators as English-speaking."1901: Inhabitants of Inverness voiced regret at the very swift decay of the native language in the short space of twenty years following a complete absence of bilingual education and disregard for Gaelic.WEB,weblink Full text of "Transactions", 1871, Inverness, 30 October 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131009141331weblink">weblink 9 October 2013, live, (File:Bun-sgoil Ghà idhlig Inbhir Nis - geograph.org.uk - 2968728.jpg|thumb|left|Inverness Gaelic Primary School, opened in 2007.)For its size, Inverness today still has a relatively high density of Gaelic speakers and a relatively lively Gaelic scene, making it one of the centres of the Scottish Gaelic Renaissance. According to the 2011 census, 4.8% of residents of greater Inverness over age 3 speak Gaelic compared to 1.1% nationally. At 2,800 Gaelic speakers, only Greater Glasgow and Edinburgh have a higher absolute total.2011 Scotland Census {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604200212weblink |date=4 June 2014 }}, Settlement Table QS211SC. The number of Gaelic speakers has fluctuated over the last century. In 1881, the census reported 4,047 Gaelic speakers in Inverness (23.3% of the population) which by 1891 had risen to 6,356 speakers (30.47%).Withers, C. Gaelic in Scotland (1984) John Donald Publishers {{ISBN|0-85976-097-9}} By 1901 this figure had dropped to 5,072 speakers (23.88%) of the population, from which it continued to drop to present day numbers through emigration and language shift. Scottish Gaelic is slowly re-appearing in the linguistic landscape, appearing on some signs around Inverness. Bun-sgoil Ghà idhlig Inbhir Nis, which opened in August 2007 offering primary school education through the medium of Gaelic, is nearing full capacity and was extended to allow for more pupils in August 2010.WEB,weblink Gaelic Primary School education set to expand in Inverness area (12/11/09) â Comann Nam Pà rant â Inbhir Nis, Cnp-inbhirnis.com, 12 November 2009, 14 July 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110708171111weblink">weblink 8 July 2011, Bòrd na Gà idhlig, an organisation responsible for supporting and promoting the use of Scottish Gaelic, has its main office in Inverness.Bòrd na Gà idhlig {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211194545weblink |date=11 February 2009 }} {{in lang|gd}} Other Gaelic related groups include the Inverness Gaelic Choir which has existed for over 70 years.WEB,weblink About Inverness Gaelic Choir, Inverness Gaelic Choir, 13 October 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110713050725weblink">weblink 13 July 2011, live, Inverness also hosted the Royal National Mòd in 2014, a festival celebrating Gaelic culture.NEWS,weblink Inverness to host the Royal National Mòd, Scotsman Newspaper, 16 October 2010, 16 October 2010, Edinburgh, Frank, Urquhart,Cityscape
File:001 - inverness castle.jpg|thumb|right|Inverness CastleInverness CastleFile:Presbyterian Cathedral of St. Andrew.jpg|thumb|right|St. Andrew's Cathedral on the banks of the River NessRiver NessImportant buildings in Inverness include Inverness Castle, and various churches. The castle was built in 1835 on the site of its medieval predecessor. Until 30 March 2020, it housed Inverness Sheriff Court: this has now been moved to the Inverness Justice Centre.WEB,weblink Inverness Justice Centre, www.scotcourts.gov.uk, WEB,weblink See inside Scotland's first purpose-built justice centre which opened today in Inverness, Andrew Dixon, 30 March 2020, Inverness Courier, 15 March 2021, Inverness Cathedral, dedicated to St Andrew, is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church and seat of the ordinary of the Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness. The cathedral has a curiously square-topped look to its spires, as funds ran out before they could be completed.The oldest church is the Old High Church,WEB,weblink, Old High Church information, 6 July 2011, oldhighststephens.com, 19 June 2013, https:web.archive.org/web/20130531232634weblink 31 May 2013, live, on St Michael's Mount by the riverside, a site perhaps used for worship since Celtic times. The church tower dates from mediaeval times, making it the oldest surviving building in Inverness. It is used by the Church of Scotland congregation of Old High St Stephen's, Inverness,WEB,weblink Old High St Stephen's website, Oldhighststephens.com, 14 July 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100828172539weblink">weblink 28 August 2010, dead, and it is the venue for the annual Kirking of the council, which is attended by local councillors.There is no Catholic cathedral in the area as the Diocese's cathedral (St Mary) is at Aberdeen, the seat of the Diocese of Aberdeen. The Catholic population is served by two parish churches: St Mary's, Inverness founded in 1837, is the older of the two and the first Catholic church founded in Inverness since the Reformation.The Story of St. Mary's Catholic Church Inverness {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508045807weblink |date=8 May 2013 }} â St Mary's Inverness official website St Ninian's was built during the 1960s and 1970s.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130514063440weblink">weblink dead, St Ninian's - Story, 14 May 2013, Porterfield Prison, officially HMP Inverness, serves the courts of the Highlands, Western Isles, Orkney Isles and Moray, providing secure custody for all remand prisoners and short-term adult prisoners, both male and female, who are segregated.NEWS,weblink Prisons: Inverness: HMP Inverness, Scottish Prison Service, 27 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160404093130weblink">weblink 4 April 2016, live, Ordnance Survey grid reference: {{gbmappingsmall|NH668449}}Sports and leisure
File:Caledonian Stadium - geograph-916623.jpg|thumb|left|Caledonian Stadium, home of Inverness Caledonian Thistle ]]Inverness is connected to three long-distance footpaths:- The Great Glen Way â connects to Fort William along the Great Glen
- The John o' Groats Trail â connects to John o' Groats along the coast
- The South Loch Ness Trail â connects to Fort Augustus along the southeast side of Loch Ness
Notable people
- John Findlater â Meteorologist, aviation expert and air crash investigator
- Mike Edwards (Scottish journalist) â Journalist
- Laura Muir â World champion runner
- Charlie Christie â Footballer
- Charles Fraser Mackintosh (Teà rlach Friseal Mac An Toisich) â Lawyer, author and politician. Born and raised in Inverness and represented the Highlands in Westminster.WEB,weblink Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, Am Baile, 25 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070705202436weblink">weblink 5 July 2007, live,
- Yvette Cooper â Former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions was born in Inverness
- Don Cowie â Footballer
- Dorothy De Navarro â Lecturer who specialised in Anglo-Saxon literature
- Huntley Duff â cricketer
- Janet Barlow â Scientist
- James Alexander Forbes â British Vice-Consul to Mexican California as well as the first British Consul to the American state of California
- William Fraser - New Zealand politician, Mayor of Thames
- Jamie Gillan â American football player for the NFL Cleveland Browns
- Karen Gillan â Actress, best known as Amy Pond, the Doctor's Companion in Doctor Who and as Nebula in the Guardians of the Galaxy series of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
- Donald McBane - Swordsman and author
- Elspet Gray â Actress
- Murray Grigor â Scottish film-maker
- Derry Irvine â Former Lord Chancellor (under Tony Blair), former Labour Prime Minister; was born in Inverness
- Malcolm Jones â Musician; guitar player for Runrig
- Charles Kennedy â Former leader of the Liberal Democrats; was born in Inverness
- Russell Knox â Golfer who plays on the PGA Tour
- Kevin MacDonald â Footballer
- John A. Mackay â Presbyterian theologian, missionary, and educator
- Margaret Mackay â writer
- Mary Macpherson â (Mà iri Nic a' Phearsain) poet and political activist, "Great Mairi of the Songs" raised her children in Inverness, where she wrote much of her work.WEB,weblink Mà iri Mhòr nan Ãran, Am Baile, 25 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110327122033weblink">weblink 27 March 2011, live,
- John McGinlay â Footballer
- Very Rev Mitford Mitchell DD Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1903
- Ethel Moir â Nursing orderly with Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
- Ali Smith â Author; born in Inverness in 1962
- James Sutherland (b. 1881) â football player at the turn of the century, with Caledonian and Burnley
- Mr Egg â MacAcidhouse musician
- Major General Douglas Wimberley - British Army officer, born in Inverness 16 August 1896, service in World War I and World War II
- Josephine Tey â Author; born in Inverness in 1896
- Connie Ramsay (born 1988) â JudokaWEB, Glasgow 2014 - Connie Ramsay Profile,weblink results.glasgow2014.com, 29 August 2020,
- Jenny Graham â Set the world record for the fastest woman to cycle around the world
- John Macdonald â Sportsman who was the first person ever to represent Scotland at both football & cricket.
- Billy MacDonald â Footballer
- Alec Fraser â Footballer
- Peter McWilliam â Footballer
- Andy McCombie â Footballer
- Tommy McDonald â Footballer
- Roddie Mackenzie â Footballer
- Bob McDonald â Footballer
- Ted MacDougall â Footballer
- George Ross â Footballer
- Erik Thomson (born 1967) â Scottish-born New Zealand/Australian actor
References
{{reflist|30em}}Works cited
- NEWS, {{harvid, Contact numbers for BBC Scotland, |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml |title=Contact numbers for BBC Scotland |work=BBC News |access-date=2 March 2009 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131909weblink |url-status=live}}
External links
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