{{short description|Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters}}{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=October 2019}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}ISO 15919 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters) is one of a series of international standards for romanization by the International Organization for Standardization. It was published in 2001 and uses diacritics to map the much larger set of consonants and vowels in Brahmic and Nastaliq scripts to the Latin script.

Overview

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"|+ ISO 15919 transliterations! ! 7-bitISO! Devanagari! Nastaliq! Gurmukhi! Gujarati! Bengaliâ€“Assamese! Odia! Tamil! Malayalam! Kannada! Telugu! Sinhala! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|a|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|aa|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.a|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.aa|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.u|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.uu|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ae|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|aee|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|i|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ii|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|u|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|uu|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^u|italic=no}}|||||||

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,r|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,rr|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,l|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,ll|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|e|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ee|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^e|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ai|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|o|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO||italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|oo|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^o|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|au|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|;m|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.m|italic=no}}| |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|~m|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^n|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.h|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_h|italic=no}}| á³µ | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^h|italic=no}}| á³¶ | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_k|italic=no}}| | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|k|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|kh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|g|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO||italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|gh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|;n|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^ng|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|c|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^c|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ch|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^ch|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|j|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO||italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^j|italic=no}}| ||||||| |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|jh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|~n|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^nj|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.t|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.th|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.d|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO||italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.dh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.r|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.rh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.n|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^n.d|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|t|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|th|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|d|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|dh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|n|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^nd|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|p|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|ph|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|b|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO||italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|bh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|m|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^mb|italic=no}}| | | | | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_r|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_t|italic=no}}| | | | | | |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_r, _d|italic=no}}| ||||||| |

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_n|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_l|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|y|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|;y|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^y|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|r|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^r|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|l|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.l|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|v|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|;s|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.s|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|s|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|h|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|'|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|q|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_kh|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.g|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|z|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|f|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_s|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,s|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,h|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|,t|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.|italic=no}}|

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|w|italic=no}}| à¤µà¤¼

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|^z|italic=no}}

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|_z|italic=no}}| à¤œà¤¼

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|;z|italic=no}}| à¤œà¤¼

! }}! {{transl|inc|ISO|.z|italic=no}}| à¤œà¤¼

Relation to other systems

ISO 15919 is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts, which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries.{{cn|date=September 2016}} However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India" and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products."{{Citation | title=Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names | author=United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs | year=2007 | publisher=United Nations Publications, 2007 | isbn=978-92-1-161500-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mh8u32ANQxAC | quote=... ISO 15919 ... There is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products ... The Hunterian system is the actually used national system of romanization in India ...}}{{Citation | title=United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, Volume 2 | author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs | year=1955 | publisher=United Nations, 1955 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKsvAAAAYAAJ | quote=... In India the Hunterian system is used, whereby every sound in the local language is uniformly represented by a certain letter in the Roman alphabet ...}}{{Citation | title=Indian scientific & technical publications, exhibition 1960: a bibliography | author=National Library (India) | year=1960 | publisher=Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Government of India, 1960 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VYEAQAAIAAJ | quote=... The Hunterian system of transliteration, which has international acceptance, has been used ...}}Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN)WEB,weblink UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems, www.eki.ee, 2017-02-14, and covers many Brahmic scripts.The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts.As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGNWEB,weblink Differences between ISO 15919 and UNRSGN, March 2016, Working group on Romanization systems. www.eki.ee/wgrs/, 13 February 2017, transliterate anusvara as á¹, while ALA-LC and IAST use á¹ƒ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in the table below.

Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST

The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration.{| class="wikitable"! Devanagari! ISO 15919! UNRSGN! IAST ! Comment

inc

Ä“}}| e

e}}

Dravidian languages, 'e' now represents (short). The use of {{transl>inc

Ä“}} is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using {{transl

ISO

inc

Å}}| o

o}}

inc

Å}} is considered optional in ISO 15919, and using {{transl

ISO

inc

rÌ¥}}| á¹›

á¹›}}

inc

rÌ¥Ì„}}| á¹

á¹}}| For consistency with rÌ¥

inc

lÌ¥}}| lÌ¤

á¸·}}

inc

lÌ¥Ì„}}| lÌ¤Ì„

á¸¹}}| For consistency with lÌ¥

inc

á¹}}

á¹

ISO 15919 has two options about anusvÄra. (1) In the simplified nasalization option, an anusvÄra is always transliterated as á¹. (2) In the strict nasalization option, anusvÄra before a class consonant is transliterated as the class nasalâ€”á¹… before k, kh, g, gh, á¹…; Ã± before c, ch, j, jh, Ã±; á¹‡ before á¹, á¹h, á¸, á¸h, á¹‡; n before t, th, d, dh, n; m before p, ph, b, bh, m. á¹ƒ is sometimes used to specifically represent the Gurmukhi alphabet

tippi .

inc	á¹… Ã± á¹‡ n m}}

inc

mÌ}}|

mÌ}}| Vowel nasalization is transliterated as a tilde above the transliterated vowel (over the second vowel in the case of a digraph such as aÄ©, aÅ©), except in Sanskrit.

Font support

{{expand section|date=September 2016}}Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like á¸‘, á¸¥, á¸·, á¸», á¹, á¹…, á¹‡, á¹›, á¹£ and á¹.There is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method.

References

External links

ISO 15919:2001
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160418005359weblink">Transliteration of Indic scripts: how to use ISO 15919 (archived 18 April 2016)
Unicode.org CLDR chart of Latin-Indic transliteration
Aksharamukha Asian Script Converter Transliterates between about 20 Asian scripts and several romanization standards including ISO 15919
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100222175146weblink">Any indic language to another indic language Transliteration â€“ SILPA project (archived 22 February 2010)
Indian Languages Transliteration â€“ Basic Transliteration for users and programmers.
Transliteration standard for Hindi, Marathi & Nepali
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100123021616weblink">iso15919.py â€“ An implementation of the DevanÄgarÄ« part of ISO 15919 in Python (archived 23 January 2010)
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100729134028weblink">Devanagari, Sinhala, Tamil and ISO 15919 transliteration service (archived 29 July 2010)
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110715132237weblink">DevanÄgarÄ« to ISO 15919 (IAST) converter Online tool for converting Devanagari to IAST (archived 15 July 2011)

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ISO 15919

Overview

Relation to other systems

Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST

Font support

See also

References

External links