SUPPORT THE WORK
GetWiki
Arial
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
Arial
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Neo-grotesque sans-serif typeface}}{{for-multi|the settlement in South Carolina|Arial, South Carolina||Aerial (disambiguation)|and|Ariel (disambiguation)|and|Ariaal}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
| factoids | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | Arial| image = ArialMTsp.svg| style = Sans-serif
|
| Monotype Imaging>Monotype Corporation | Proprietary software>Proprietary| arabic = yes| cyrillic = yes| devangari = yes| greek = yes| hebrew = yes| hindi = yes| ipa = yes| latin = yes |
{edih}| variations = Arial Unicode MS}}Arial (also called Arial MT) is a sans-serif typeface and set of computer fonts in the neo-grotesque style. Fonts from the Arial family are included with all versions of Microsoft Windows after Windows 3.1, as well as in other Microsoft programs,WEB, mijacobs, Arial font family - Typography,weblink 2022-03-24, Microsoft Docs, Apple's macOS,WEB, System Fonts - Fonts - Apple Developer,weblink 2022-03-24, Apple Developer, and many PostScript 3 printers.WEB,weblink Adobe PostScript 3 fonts, 2011-05-04,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110605161801weblink">weblink 5 June 2011, live, The typeface was designed in 1982 by Robin Nicholas and Patricia Saunders, for Monotype Typography.WEB, Nicholas, Robin, Two minutes with Robin Nicholas,weblink 11 May 2010, YouTube, Each of its characters has the same width as that character in the popular typeface Helvetica; the purpose of this design is to allow a document designed in Helvetica to be displayed and printed with the intended line-breaks and page-breaks without a Helvetica license. Because of their similar appearance, both Arial and Helvetica are commonly mistaken for each other.The most widely used and bundled Arial fonts are Arial Regular, Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic; the same styles of Arial Narrow; and Arial Black. More recently, Arial Rounded has also been widely bundled.In Office 2007, Arial was replaced by Calibri as the default typeface in PowerPoint, Excel, and Outlook.Design characteristics(File:Arial 215 comparison.png|thumb|A comparison of Arial, Helvetica and Monotype Grotesque 215 scaled to equivalent cap height showing the most distinctive characters. Arial copies Helvetica's proportions and stroke width but has design detailing influenced by Grotesque 215.)Embedded in version 3.0 of the OpenType version of Arial is the following description of the typeface:{{blockquote|A contemporary sans serif design, Arial contains more humanist characteristics than many of its predecessors and as such is more in tune with the mood of the last decades of the twentieth century. The overall treatment of curves is softer and fuller than in most industrial style sans serif faces. Terminal strokes are cut on the diagonal which helps to give the face a less mechanical appearance. Arial is an extremely versatile family of typefaces which can be used with equal success for text setting in reports, presentations, magazines etc, and for display use in newspapers, advertising and promotions.}}In 2005, Robin Nicholas said, "It was designed as a generic sans serif; almost a bland sans serif."WEB, Clark, Joe, Upload of Macuser,weblink Flickr, 1 July 2015, Arial is a neo-grotesque typeface: a design based on nineteenth-century sans-serifs, but regularized to be more suited to continuous body text and to form a cohesive font family.Apart from the need to match the character widths and approximate/general appearance of Helvetica, the letter shapes of Arial are also strongly influenced by Monotype's own Monotype Grotesque designs, released in or by the 1920s, with additional influence from "New Grotesque", an abortive redesign from 1956.WEB, Shaw, Paul, Arial Addendum no. 3,weblink Blue Pencil, 1 July 2015, WEB, Shaw (& Nicholas), Arial addendum no. 4,weblink Blue Pencil, 1 July 2015, WEB, Monotype Imaging,weblink Type Designer Showcase: Robin Nicholas – Arial, 2011-05-10, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110714113415weblink">weblink 14 July 2011, The designs of the R, G and r also resemble Gill Sans. The changes cause the typeface to nearly match Linotype Helvetica in both proportion and weight (see figure), and perfectly match in width. Monotype executive Allan Haley observed, "Arial was drawn more rounded than Helvetica, the curves softer and fuller and the counters more open. The ends of the strokes on letters such as c, e, g and s, rather than being cut off on the horizontal, are terminated at the more natural angle in relation to the stroke direction." Matthew Carter, a consultant for IBM during its design process, described it as "a Helvetica clone, based ostensibly on their Grots 215 and 216".The styling of Arabic glyphs comes from Times New Roman, which have more varied stroke widths than the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic glyphs found in the font. Arial Unicode MS uses monotone stroke widths on Arabic glyphs, similar to Tahoma.The Cyrillic, Greek and Coptic Spacing Modifier Letters glyphs initially introduced in Arial Unicode MS, but later debuted in Arial version 5.00, have different appearances.HistoryIBM debuted two printers for the in-office publishing market in 1982: the 240-DPI 3800-3 laserxerographic printer, and the 600-DPI 4250 electro-erosion laminate typesetter.MAILING LIST, Have you ever thought about the LaserWriter fonts and how you got them?, Typo-L, 14 October 1996, Boag, Andrew,weblink 9 May 2011, "Monotype's first contract for the IBM 4250 included [...] Helvetica (sub-licensed from Lino) [...] When it came to the 3800 laser printer I think IBM wanted a functional equivalent to Helvetica to save on the licensing wrangles, and this is when the Arial bitmaps were first created. But IBM named all the fonts in the machine after rivers in Colorado (!) so it was initially called Sonoran Sans." Boag is a former Monotype employee.The 4250 prototype debuted at Drupa in 1982, but the production model 4250/II wasn't on the market until 1984. Monotype was under contract to supply bitmap fonts for both printers.JOURNAL, Step Inside Design, Haley, Allan,weblink Is Arial Dead Yet?, May–June 2007, 2011-05-11, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110719133850weblink">weblink 19 July 2011, The fonts for the 4250, delivered to IBM in 1983,WEB,weblink About Us: The Monotype Chronicles, Wallis, Lawrence W., Monotype Imaging, 2011-05-11, 1983 [...] Monotype supplied IBM with digital fonts for its 600 dpi 4250 Printer operating on the principle of electro-erosion of the coated surface of a laminated substrate. [...] 1989 – Monotype issued first fonts in the PostScript Type 1 format containing 'hinted' refinements under license from Adobe Systems. [...] 1990 – Monotype Typography licensed to Microsoft a set of 13 core fonts in the TrueType format for use in the Windows and OS/2 environments. It was an association that burgeoned further with release of additional TrueType font packages in 1992 and afterwards., dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110726163202weblink">weblink 26 July 2011, included Helvetica, which Monotype sub-licensed from Linotype. For the 3800–3, Monotype replaced Helvetica with Arial. The hand-drawn Arial artwork was completed in 1982 at Monotype by a 10-person team led by Robin Nicholas and Patricia SaundersJOURNAL, MacUser,weblink Twenty/20, 8 July 2005, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090304143518weblink">weblink 4 March 2009, Robin Nicholas bio at Ascender Corporation by Monotype Imaging website [blacklisted, so direct link not available] "[Robin Nicholas] in 1982 developed a sans serif typeface for bitmap font laser printers which was later developed, with Patricia Saunders, into the Arial typeface family – chosen by Microsoft as a core font for Windows 3.1 (and subsequent versions)" and was digitized by Monotype at 240 DPI expressly for the 3800–3.WEB,weblink IBM Typographic Fonts for IBM 3800 Printing Subsystem Model 3 [announcement letter 284-040], 7 February 1984, The fonts, designed for use with the IBM 3800 Printing Subsystem Model 3, consist of proportionally spaced, digitized, alphabetic character, and other forms in sizes ranging from 4 to 36 points (approximately 1/18-inch to 1/2-inch) in height. Each character pattern is printed at a density of 240 × 240 dots (pels) per square inch. Letter forms were digitized by The Monotype Corporation, Limited, from original artwork. The digitization was done at 240 × 240 dots (pels) per square inch expressly for the IBM 3800 Printing Subsystem Model 3., IBM named the font Sonoran Sans Serif due to licensing restrictions and the manufacturing facility's location (Tucson, Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert),{{citation|title=A Guide to Understanding AFP Fonts|publisher=International Business Machines Corporation|date=30 December 1999|url=ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/mktsupport/techdocs/afpuser3.pdf|access-date=2011-05-10|quote=The Sonoran font products were created to provide AFP customers with two of the most popular typefaces: Times New Roman and Arial (Monotype's equivalent of Helvetica). Due to licensing requirements in place at the time, the type family names used for the IBM-supplied versions of these fonts were changed from Times New Roman to Sonoran Serif and from Arial to Sonoran Sans Serif. These 240 dpi-only fonts were extensively hand-edited. Since the characters in the fonts were not derived from common databases, there is no linear progression of character size as point size increases, a requirement for migration to outline fonts. [...] Since the linearity issue cannot be resolved (each character in each point size is unique and not linearly related to the same character in any other point size) there will be no outline font support for the Sonoran fonts and the migration path will stop at 300-pel..}} and announced in early 1984 that the Sonoran Sans Serif family, "a functional equivalent of Monotype Arial", would be available for licensed use in the 3800-3 by the fourth quarter of 1984. There were initially 14 point sizes, ranging from 6 to 36, and four style/weight combinations (Roman medium, Roman bold, italic medium, and italic bold), for a total of 56 fonts in the family. Each contained 238 graphic characters, providing support for eleven national languages: Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. Monotype and IBM later expanded the family to include 300-DPI bitmaps and characters for additional languages.In 1989, Monotype produced PostScript Type 1 outline versions of several Monotype fonts, but an official PostScript version of Arial was not available until 1991.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} In the meantime, a company called Birmy marketed a version of Arial in a Type 1-compatible format.WEB,weblink The Scourge of Arial, Simonson, Mark, Mark Simonson, 2011-05-11,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110525025613weblink">weblink 25 May 2011, live, {{citation|title=The Macintosh Font Book|last=Fenton|first=Erfert|publisher=Peachpit Press|year=1989|edition=1}} (Verification needed; Google Books search result only shows that Arial is mentioned.)In 1990, Robin Nicholas, Patricia Saunders and Steve Matteson developed a TrueType outline version of Arial which was licensed to Microsoft.WEB,weblink Steve Matteson, MyFonts.com (Bitstream Inc.), 2011-05-11, Steve Matteson bio at Ascender Corporation by Monotype Imaging website [blacklisted, so direct link not available] "In 1990 Steve was hired by Monotype Typography as a contractor to aid in the production of Microsoft’s first TrueType fonts."In 1992, Microsoft chose Arial to be one of the four core TrueType fonts in Windows 3.1, announcing the font as an "alternative to Helvetica".WEB,weblink New features in Windows 3.1, Microsoft, 16 November 2006, 2008-03-08, Windows 3.1 includes the new TrueType scalable-font technology…Four TrueType scalable-font families will ship with all copies of Windows 3.1: Arial (alternative to Helvetica), Times New Roman, Courier, and Symbol., Matthew Carter has noted that the deal was complex and included a bailout of Monotype, which was in financial difficulties, by Microsoft. Microsoft would later extensively fund the development of Arial as a font that supported many languages and scripts. Monotype employee Rod MacDonald noted:WEB, McDonald, Rob, Some history about Arial,weblink Paul Shaw Letter Design, 22 May 2015,
As to the widespread notion that Microsoft did not want to pay licensing fees [for Helvetica], [Monotype director] Allan Haley has publicly stated, more than once, that the amount of money Microsoft paid over the years for the development of Arial could finance a small country.
Arial ultimately became one of several clones of PostScript standard fonts created by Monotype in collaboration with or sold to Microsoft around this time, including Century Gothic (a clone of ITC Avant Garde), Book Antiqua (Palatino) and Bookman Old Style (ITC Bookman).WEB, Downer, John, John Downer (signpainter), Call It What It Is,weblink Emigre (type foundry), Emigre, 20 March 2016, WEB, Simonson, Mark, Monotype's Other Arials,weblink Mark Simonson Studio, 14 July 2015, BOOK, Gavin Ambrose, Paul Harris, The Fundamentals of Typography,weblink 1 November 2006, AVA Publishing, 978-2-940373-45-1, 145, DistributionTrueType editions of Arial have shipped as part of Microsoft Windows since the introduction of Windows 3.1 in 1992; Arial was the default font.{{The Visual History of Type|446–447}}From 1999 until 2016, Microsoft Office shipped with Arial Unicode MS, a version of Arial that includes many international characters from the Unicode standard. This version of the typeface was for a time the most widely distributed pan-Unicode font. The font was dropped from Microsoft Office 2016 and has been deprecated; continuing growth of the number of characters in Unicode and limitations on the number of characters in a font meant that Arial Unicode could no longer perform the job it was originally created for.WEB, What happened to the Arial Unicode MS font?, 30 October 2018,weblink 11 November 2019, Arial MT, a PostScript version of the Arial font family, was distributed with Acrobat Reader 4 and 5.PostScript does not require support for a specific set of fonts, but Arial and Helvetica are among the 40 or so typeface families that PostScript Level 3 devices typically support.Adobe Systems Incorporated, PostScript Language Reference Supplement, Adobe PostScript 3, Version 3010 and 3011 Product Supplement {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603154650weblink |date=3 June 2006 }}, Appendix D, 30 August 1999. Retrieved 29 April 2006.Adobe Systems Incorporated, The Adobe PostScript 3 Font Set. Retrieved 29 April 2006.Mac OS X (now known as macOS) was the first Mac OS version to include Arial; it was not included in classic Mac OS. The operating system ships with Arial, Arial Black, Arial Narrow, and Arial Rounded MT. However, the default macOS font for sans-serif/Swiss generic font family is Helvetica. The bundling of Arial with Windows and macOS has contributed to it being one of the most widely distributed and used typefaces in the world.In 1996, Microsoft launched the Core fonts for the Web project to make a standard pack of fonts for the Internet. Arial in TrueType format was included in this project. The project allowed anyone to download and install these fonts for their own use (on end user's computers) without any fee. The project was terminated by Microsoft in August 2002, allegedly due to frequent EULA violations.WEB,weblink Microsoft Withdraws Free Web Fonts, Mark Hachman, ExtremeTech, 14 August 2002, 2010-04-13,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100417160545weblink">weblink 17 April 2010, live, WEB,weblink Microsoft Cuts the Line to Web Core Fonts, Jesse Burgheimer, 13 August 2002, 2010-04-13,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080111153435weblink">weblink 11 January 2008, WEB,weblink Microsoft Cuts the Line to Web Core Fonts, 13 August 2002, 2008-08-04,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080313020525weblink">weblink 13 March 2008, For MS Windows, the core fonts for the web were provided as self-extracting executables (.exe); each included an embedded cabinet file, which can be extracted with appropriate software. For the Macintosh, the files were provided as BinHexed StuffIt archives (.sit.hqx). The latest font version that was available from Core fonts for the Web was 2.82, published in 2000. Later versions (such as version 3 or version 5 which include many new characters) were not available from this project. A Microsoft spokesman declared in 2002 that members of the open-source community "will have to find different sources for updated fonts. ... Although the EULA did not restrict the fonts to just Windows and Mac OS, they were only ever available as Windows .exe's and Mac archive files." The chief technical officer of Opera Software cited the cancellation of the project as an example of Microsoft resisting interoperability.WEB,weblink Opera to MS: Get real about interoperability, Mr Gates – Opera CTO Hakon Lie responds to Bill's clarion call, The Register, 11 February 2005, 2010-07-02,weblink 25 May 2010, live,Arial variantsThe known variants of Arial include:
Arial AlternativeArial Alternative Regular and Arial Alternative Symbol are standard fonts in Windows ME, and can also be found on Windows 95 and Windows XP installation discs, and on Microsoft's site.{{citation|chapter-url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/135315 |title=Support |chapter=Knowledge base |publisher=Microsoft |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604080020weblink |archive-date=4 June 2012}} Both fonts are Symbol-encoded. These fonts emulate the monospaced font used in Minitel/Prestel teletext systems, but vectorized with Arial styling. These fonts are used by HyperTerminal.Arial Alternative Regular contains only ASCII characters, while Arial Alternative Symbol contains only 2 × 3 semigraphics characters.Code page variantsArial Baltic, Arial CE, Arial Cyr, Arial Greek, Arial Tur are aliases created in the FontSubstitutes section of WIN.INI by Windows. These entries all point to the master font. When an alias font is specified, the font's character map contains different character set from the master font and the other alias fonts.In addition, Monotype also sells Arial in reduced character sets, such as Arial CE, Arial WGL, Arial Cyrillic, Arial Greek, Arial Hebrew, Arial Thai.Arial Unicode is a version supporting all characters assigned with Unicode 2.1 code points.Arial NovaArial Nova's design is based on the 1982's Sonora Sans bitmapped fonts,WEB, Background Story,weblink Arial Nova, Linotype, 2 March 2018, WEB, Typeface Story,weblink Arial Nova, Fonts.com, which were in fact Arial renamed to avoid licensing issues. It was bundled with Windows 10 and up, and is offered free of charge on Microsoft Store.WEB, Get Arial Nova,weblink Microsoft Store, Microsoft, 2 March 2018, It contains Regular, Bold and Light weights, corresponding italics and corresponding Condensed widths.Monotype/Linotype retail versionsArialThe TrueType core Arial fonts (Arial, Arial Bold, Arial Italic, Arial Bold Italic) support the same character sets as the version 2.76 fonts found in Internet Explorer 5/6, Windows 98/ME.Version sold by Linotype includes Arial Rounded, Arial Monospaced, Arial Condensed, Arial Central European, Arial Central European Narrow, Arial Cyrillic, Arial Cyrillic Narrow, Arial Dual Greek, Arial Dual Greek Narrow, Arial SF, Arial Turkish, Arial Turkish Narrow.In addition, Monotype also sells Arial in reduced character sets, such as Arial CE, Arial WGL, Arial Cyrillic, Arial Greek, Arial Hebrew, Arial Thai, Arial SF.Arial WGLIt is a version that covers only the Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4) characters. They are only sold in TrueType format.The family includes Arial (regular, bold, italics), Arial Black, Arial Narrow (regular, bold, italics), Arial Rounded (regular, bold).Ascender Corporation fontsAscender Corporation sells the font in Arial WGL family, as well as the Arial Unicode.Arial in other font familiesArial glyphs are also used in fonts developed for non-Latin environments, including Arabic Transparent, BrowalliaUPC, Cordia New, CordiaUPC, Miriam, Miriam Transparent, Monotype Hei, Simplified Arabic.Free alternativesArial is a proprietary typefaceWEB,weblink GNU FreeFont – Why do we need free outline UCS fonts?, 4 October 2009, 2010-07-02,weblink 16 June 2010, live, to which Monotype Imaging owns all rights, including software copyright and trademark rights (under U.S. copyright law, Monotype cannot legally copyright the shapes of the actual glyphs themselves).Copyright registrations for the TrueType "computer programs": Arial Roman, Arial Bold, Arial Italic, and Arial Bold Italic. Its licensing terms prohibit derivative works and free redistribution.WEB,weblink Monotype Imaging, Inc. – End User License Agreement, 2010-07-02,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100717104324weblink">weblink 17 July 2010, live, WEB,weblink Monotype Imaging – Licensing Options, 2010-07-02,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100704180002weblink">weblink 4 July 2010, live, WEB,weblink TrueType core fonts for the Web FAQ, Microsoft, Microsoft, 25 July 2002, 2010-04-13, There are some free software metric-compatible fonts used as free Arial alternatives or used for Arial font substitution:
See also
References{{Reflist}}External links{{Commons category}}
| ||
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Arial" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:22am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Arial" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:22am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
CONNECT
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED