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{{Short description|Former official royal Qajar complex in Tehran, Iran}}{{More citations needed|date=January 2017}}

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| Criteria = Cultural: ii, iii, iv| ID = 1422| Year = 2013| Area = 5.3 ha| Buffer_zone = 26.2 ha | locmapin = Iran Tehran#Iran#West Asia| map_caption = Location of Golestan Palace}}The Golestan Palace (, Kākh-e Golestān), also transliterated as the Gulistan PalaceWEB, G. Massiot & cie, Gulistan Palace: Part of the palace complex with water garden,curate.nd.edu/show/8s45q814713, 2021-06-29, Curate ND, and sometimes translated as the Rose Garden Palace from Persian language,WEB, The Palace of Roses in Golestan Palace Tehran Iran, Iran Traveling Center, July 5, 2014,www.facebook.com/IranTravelingCenter/posts/the-palace-of-roses-in-golestan-palace-tehran-iranthe-palace-of-roses-is-again-o/10152245891902029/,ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/202844447028/10152245891902029, 2022-02-26, limited, live, 2021-06-29, Facebook, en, {{cbignore}} was built in the 16th century, renovated in the 18th century and finally rebuilt in 1865. It is the former official royal Qajar complex in Tehran.One of the oldest historic monuments in the city of Tehran, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site,WEB,whc.unesco.org/en/list/1422, Golestan Palace, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2017-01-02, the Golestan Palace belongs to a group of royal buildings that were once enclosed within the mud-thatched walls of Tehran’s arg (“citadel“). It consists of gardens, royal buildings, and collections of Iranian crafts and European presents from the 18th and 19th centuries.

History

File:Exterior view of the marble throne by Eugène Flandin.jpg|thumb|Exterior view of the marble throne by Eugène FlandinEugène FlandinThe origin of the Tehran’s royal citadel can be traced back to July 6, 1404; when Ruy González de Clavijo, the envoy of Enrique III, traveled to Samarkand to meet with Timur, and he chose to stay at the house of Baba Sheikh (one of the elders of Tehran). It is believed that his house was located in the area of the royal citadel and later they were transformed into new buildings with changes.WEB, گشتی در کاخ گلستان {{!, خلوت باشکوه پادشاهان - مجله گردشگری اتاقک |url=https://www.otaghak.com/blog/golestan-palace/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=fa-IR}} The beginning of the royal citadel can be traced back to the time of Suleiman I,WEB, در مورد کاخ گلستان در ویکی تابناک بیشتر بخوانید,www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/8257/1/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE-%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86, 2023-12-25, tabnak.ir, with the construction of a palace in the Chenaristan area, a Divankhane where Soltan Hoseyn in the last year of his reign meet with the Ottoman government’s ambassador, Ahmad Dari Effendi. Tehran’s arg (“citadel“) was built during the reign of Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576) of the Safavid dynasty (1502–1736).WEB, تهران, آژانس عکس, کاخ گلستان‎,www.tehranpicture.ir/fa/album/230/https%3a%2f%2fwww.tehranpicture.ir%2ffa%2falbum%2f230%2f%25da%25a9%25d8%25a7%25d8%25ae-%25da%25af%25d9%2584%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586, 2023-12-25, آژانس عکس تهران, fa, Abbas the Great built a big garden in the northern part of the fence, which was later surrounded by a high wall and buildings were built, with the royal residence was built inside it. At the end of the Safavid era, Tehran was sometimes the temporary seat of the court of Safavid kings.WEB, vista, تهران در عصر صفوی,vista.ir/w/16/oyfj2, 2023-12-25, ویستا, fa-IR, The palace was later renovated by Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty (r. 1750–1779).WEB, کاخ گلستان > موزه های کاخ,www.golestanpalace.ir/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE/agentType/View/PropertyID/6, 2023-12-25, www.golestanpalace.ir, Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty (1742–1797) chose Tehran as his capital.WEB, Tehran, Iran - Image of the Week - Earth Watching,earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/tehran-iran/, 2023-12-25, earth.esa.int, The arg became the seat of the Qajars (1794–1925). The court and palace of Golestan became the official residence of the Qajar dynasty. The palace was rebuilt to its current form in 1865 by Haji Ab ol Hasan Mimar Navai.WEB, Golestan Palace,arasbaran.org/en/print_news.cfm?id=7, 2023-12-25, arasbaran.org, During the Pahlavi era (1925–1979), the Golestan Palace was used for formal royal receptions, and the Pahlavi dynasty built their own palace (the Niavaran Complex) in Niavaran. The most important ceremonies held in the palace during the Pahlavi era were the coronation of Reza Shah (r. 1925–1941)BOOK, Ali Rahnema, Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad, 2011, Cambridge University Press, New York, 978-0-521-18221-8, 115, 10.1017/CBO9780511793424,doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511793424, on the Marble Throne and the coronation of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941 – 1979) in the Museum Hall. In between 1925 and 1945, a large portion of the buildings of the complex were destroyed on the orders of Reza Shah.WEB, 2020-02-08, Golestan Palace, glorious palace in Tehran,en.mehrnews.com/news/155402/Golestan-Palace-glorious-palace-in-Tehran, 2023-12-25, Mehr News Agency, en, He believed that the centuries-old Qajar palace should not hinder the growth of a modern city. In the place of the old buildings, commercial buildings with the modern style of 1950s and 1960s were erected.

Sites

The complex of Golestan Palace consists of 17 structures, including palaces, museums, and halls. Almost all of this complex was built during the 131 years rule of the Qajar kings.WEB,www.golestanpalace.ir/, کاخ گلستان, Golestanpalace.ir, 2017-01-02,www.golestanpalace.ir/," title="web.archive.org/web/20171231225304www.golestanpalace.ir/,">web.archive.org/web/20171231225304www.golestanpalace.ir/, 2017-12-31, dead, These palaces were used for many occasions such as coronations and other important celebrations. It also consists of three main archives, including the photographic archive, the library of manuscripts, and the archive of documents.WEB,dissertationreviews.org/archives/12143, The Golestan Palace Library and Archive in Tehran, Dissertation Reviews, 2017-01-02,

Marble Throne (Takht e Marmar)

File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 03.jpg|thumb|The Marble Throne, built from 1747 to 1751]]This terrace, known as the Marble Throne, was built in 1747-1751.

Karim Khani Nook (Khalvat e Karim Khani)

Dating back to 1759, this building was a part of the interior residence of Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty. The basic structure of the Karim Khani Nook is similar to the Marble Throne. Like the latter, it is a terrace. There is a small marble throne inside the terrace. The structure is much smaller than the Marble Throne and it has much less ornamentation. There was once a small pond with a fountain in the middle of this terrace. Water from a subterranean stream (the king’s qanat) flowed from the fountain into the pond and was later used to irrigate the palace grounds.{{wide image|Khalvat-karimkhani-panorama.jpg|800px|Panoramic view of the Karim Khani Nook}}Nasser ed Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty was fond of this corner of the Golestan Palace.

Pond House (Howz Khaneh)

Works of European painters presented to the Qajar court are housed at the Pond House. The Pond House was used as a summer chamber during the Qajar era.

Brilliant Hall (Talar e Brelian)

(File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 09.jpg|thumb|Talar e Brelian (Brilliant Hall).)The Brilliant Hall was named so for it is adorned by the brilliant mirror work of Iranian artisans. The hall was built by the order of Nasser ed Din Shah.

Containers Hall (Talar e Zoruf)

This building replaced the building of Narenjestan in the north of the Ivory Hall (Talar e Adj).

Ivory Hall (Talar e Adj)

Ivory Hall is a large hall used as a dining room. It was decorated with some gifts presented to Nasser ed Din Shah by European monarchs.

Mirror Hall (Talar e Aineh)

File:Mirror Hall by Kamal-ol-molk.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Mirror Hall, painted by Kamal ol Molk ]]The Mirror Hall is a relatively small hall designed by Haj Abd ol Hossein Memar Bashi (Sanie ol Molk).

Salam Hall (Talar e Salam)

The Salam (“Reception“) Hall was originally designed to be a museum.

Diamond Hall (Talar e Almas)

The Diamond Hall is located in the southern wing of the Golestan Palace, next to the building of Windcatchers.

The Windcatcher Building (Emarat e Badgir)

{{see also|Windcatcher}}{{multiple image| align = right| image1 = Emarat badgir.jpg| width1 = {{#expr: (100 * 750 / 530) round 0}}| caption1 = The Building of Windcatchers| image2 = Badgir-golestan-palace-tehr.jpg| width2 = {{#expr: (100 * 750 / 530) round 0}}| caption2 = One of the Windcatchers}}The Windcatcher Building was constructed during the reign of Fath Ali Shah. The building underwent major renovations, including structural changes, during the reign of Nasser ed Din Shah.

Edifice of the Sun (Shams ol Emareh)

(File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 15-19 PAN.jpg|thumb|left|The Edifice of the Sun)The Edifice of the Sun was designed by Moayer ol Mamalek, construction on this building began in 1865 and was completed two years later.

Museum of Gifts

File:Kingdom of Iran 5000 Rials Banknote 1977 - Second Pahlavi King (reverse).png|thumb|300px|Golestan Palace on the reverse of a 1974 5000 Iranian rialIranian rialThis building is located under the Salam Hall.

Abyaz Palace

(File:Abyaz Palace (5).JPG|left|thumb|The Abyaz Palace)The Qajar monarch had the Abyaz Palace was constructed.

Museum Hall

The original collection of the Museum Hall is now scattered among Tehran’s many museums.

Photographic archive

(File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 40-42 HDR.jpg|thumb|Photographic archive)There is an early photographic collection at the Golestan complex which includes photos which are mainly related to the time of the 19th-century progress of photography in Europe. It was created by the order of Naser ed Din Shah of the Qajar dynasty. It is mentioned that “photography was so common at the royal palace that the king’s wives and his servants also took pictures and posed playfully in front of the camera.” There is a picture of one servant with flowers decorating his head and shoulders.NEWS, Nazila Fathi,www.nytimes.com/2007/05/30/arts/design/30phot.html?_r=0, Iran - Photographs - Golestan Palace Collection, The New York Times, 2007-05-30, 2017-01-02,

Present use

On 11 October 2005, the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran submitted the palace to the UNESCO for inclusion into the World Heritage List in 2007. On 23 June 2013, it was proclaimed as world heritage site during the UNESCO meeting in Phnom Penh.The Golestan Palace is currently operated by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran.

Gallery

File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 24-26 HDR.jpg|Badgir Mansion.File:Golestan-palace.jpg|Karim Khani NookFile:Golestan Palace, A UNESCO WHS - Tehran.jpg|Stairs leading up to Salam HallFile:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 37-39 HDR.jpg|The ceiling of Badgir palaceFile:Golestan Palace Garden.jpg|One of the poolsFile:Avon Marble Beds main.jpg|The Marble ThroneFile:The Golestan Palace 003.jpg|The tomb of Naser al-Din ShahFile:The Golestan Palace 002.jpg|The ceiling of Salam HallFile:Decorative wall panel from Golestan palace, Tehran.jpg|Tilings 1File:Golestan Palace 34.jpg|Tilings 2File:Golestan Palace 32.jpg|Tilings 3File:Golestan palace 18.jpg|Tilings 4File:Golestan Palace 33.jpg|Tilings 5File:Golestan palace 10.jpg|Tilings 6File:Golestan Palace Walls.jpg|Tilings on the wallsFile:Decorative tile panel, Golestan palace, Tehran.jpg|Tilings 7File:Golestan palace 11.jpg|Tilings on the Karim Khani NookFile:کاخ گلستان X.jpg|Tilings on the palaceFile:کاخ گلستان XI.jpg|Tilings 8File:کاخ گلستان XXIII.jpg|Tilings on the Shams Ol-Emareh palaceFile:NO.417-کاخ گلستان-4.jpg|Tilings 9File:Pano brelian golestan.jpg|Ivory Hall (Talar e Adj)File:Golestan Palace 55.jpg|Tilings in the Karim Khani NookFile:نقشه راهنمای کاخ گلستان اثر درسا یگانه.jpg|The map of Golestan PalaceFile:سالن ظروف.jpg|Containers Hall (Talar e Zoruf)File:تالار تاجگذاری.jpg|Salam HallFile:Mirror Hall, Golestan Palace (2022).jpg|Mirror Hall (Talar e Aineh)File:The Golestan Palace 006.jpg|Museum HallFile:FS-FSA A.15 01.jpg|Naser al-Din Shah along with the Sun Throne at the Mirror HallFile:کتیبه سنگی عمارت برلیان دوره مظفرالدین شاه قاجار 1218 ق.jpg|Stone inscription of the Brilliant Hall from the reign of Muzaffar al-Din ShahFile:نقشه قصر گلستان اثر تروفیموف 1931 م.jpg|The map of Golestan palace, 1931File:تاج آقامحمد خان.jpg|The crown of Agha Mohammad Khan QajarFile:کاشی سرسرا.jpg|The tilings of Museum Mansion

See also

{{commons category}}

• Ferdows Garden
• Baharestan
• Morvarid Palace

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• JOURNAL, Mahdizadeh, Sara, Walker, Stephen, Karimian, Zahra, Rajendran, Lakshmi, Royal Gardens in Republican Iran: a case study of the Golestan Palace Garden, Tehran, Landscape History, 2022, 42, 2, 119–137, 10.1080/01433768.2022.2143752, 254275814,

External links

• Official website of Golestan Palace {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825063724www.golestanpalace.ir/ |date=2006-08-25 }}
• wikitravelbook.com/?page=artreader&id=97" title="web.archive.org/web/20140307234203wikitravelbook.com/?page=artreader&id=97">More details about Golestan Palace
• Images of the iranjoa.com/iranjoa14/golestan/english/album.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20071012193717iranjoa.com/iranjoa14/golestan/english/album.htm">Golestan Palace marbles, Iran Journal of Architecture, No. 14, October 2004.
• Photos from Golestan Palace
• Farnāz Khatibi, The First Museum of Iran, Jadid Online, 2008 {{in lang|fa}}. A slide show, by Amin Ä€zād and Farnāz Khatibi, Jadid Online, 2008. (4 min 54 sec).
• www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/tehran/1385/10/post_6.phpmore" title="web.archive.org/web/20080915091508www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/tehran/1385/10/post_6.phpmore">Information and pictures of Golestan Palace {{in lang|fa}}
• Horsham Museum with collections database access

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