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Edmundston
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{{About|the city in New Brunswick|the town in Maryland|Edmonston, Maryland|the capital of Alberta|Edmonton}}{{Refimprove|date=May 2021}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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History
{{See also|History of New Brunswick|List of historic places in Madawaska County, New Brunswick}}missing image!
- Edmund Walker Head.jpg -
upright|alt=Sir Edmund Walker Head.|Sir Edmund Walker Head, on behalf of whom the city of Edmundston was named
During the early colonial period, the area was a camping and meeting place of the Maliseet (Wolastoqiyik) Nation during seasonal migrations. From the mid to late eighteenth century, one of the largest Maliseet villages had been established at Madawaska and had become a refuge site for other Wabanaki peoples. The Maliseet village was originally located near the falls at the confluence of the Madawaska and Saint John Rivers. Currently, the City of Edmundston surrounds a federal Indian Reserve (St. Basile 10/Madawaska Maliseet First Nation). Originally named Petit-Sault (Little Falls) in reference to the waterfalls located where the Madawaska River merges into the Saint John River, the settlement was renamed Edmundston in 1851 after Sir Edmund Walker Head, who was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick from 1848 to 1854 and Governor-General of Canada from 1854 to 1861.Denis Michaud, "La ville de Sir Edmund: l'histoire d'un nom et d'un personnage politique", Onomastica Canadiana, vol 85, no 1, June 2003. Originally a small logging settlement, Edmundston's growth is mostly attributed to the city's strategic location.- Edmund Walker Head.jpg -
upright|alt=Sir Edmund Walker Head.|Sir Edmund Walker Head, on behalf of whom the city of Edmundston was named
Aroostook War and the "Republic of Madawaska"
(File:Edmunston_1872.png|thumb|left|alt=Edmundston in 1872.|Edmundston in 1872)The area was at the centre of the Aroostook War of 1839,{{r|joneshoward1975}} a skirmish over boundary lines between the U.S.A. and what was then British North America. Originally confined to a disagreement between the State of Maine and the Colony of New Brunswick, the dispute eventually spread to involve the Government of the United States in Washington, D.C. and the British Colonial Administration in Quebec City, seat of the Governor General of Canada, who had supreme authority over all of British North America, including New Brunswick. In the wake of this international conflict, a small fortification (Fortin du Petit-Sault) was built in anticipation of a possible attack by the Americans,Jones. Howard "Anglophobia and the Aroostook War," New England Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 4 (Dec., 1975) to complement the much larger fortification located at Fort Ingall (now Cabano) in nearby Canada (now Quebec). One of the central figures at the origin of the conflict was American-born industrialist "Colonel" John Baker, who had established sawmills and other lumber-related industries on the eastern shores of the Saint John river, an area claimed by the British that Baker wanted to be declared part of Maine as he was a fiercely nationalist American.When the terms of the treaty that was signed following the conflict left Baker's properties firmly planted on British soil, and with the lack of support from the US Government to oppose the decision, Baker was facing the dilemma of either moving his facilities across the river on the American side, or to accept British sovereignty. Unwilling to do either, he declared the area an independent state called the "Republic of Madawaska," declaring himself head of state with the overwhelming support of the local, mostly French-speaking but independent-minded population. The "Republic" was never recognized and never had legal existence, but nevertheless the concept has remained so popular with the francophone Brayon residents on both the Canadian and American sides of the border that they refer to the region as the Republic of Madawaska to this day, and each mayor of Edmundston still receives the title of "President of the Republic of Madawaska." Baker's wife, Sophie Rice, designed the Republic's "eagle" flag that is still in use and a common sight in the area.Amalgamation
In 1998, Edmundston, Saint-Basile, Saint-Jacques and Verret merged to form the City of Edmundston.{{cn|date=January 2023}} In 2023 Edmundston expanded again to include Rivière-Verte and parts of adjacent local service districts.Geography
{{see also|Geography of New Brunswick}}Edmundston is located at the edge of the New Brunswick "panhandle," in the northeastern section of the Appalachian Mountains at the junction of the Saint John and Madawaska Rivers in the northwestern part of the province.Edmundston is strategically situated only a few kilometres from the border with Quebec and on the border with the United States, opposite the town of Madawaska, Maine, to which it is connected by the EdmundstonâMadawaska Bridge.{{Panorama|image = File:Panoramic view of Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada - 2016.jpg|height = 300|alt = |caption = A panoramic outlook of Edmundston, showcasing its landscape and city features.}}Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Edmundston had a population of {{val|16437|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|7707|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|8117|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:16437-16580}}|16580|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|16580|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|106.84|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|16437|106.84|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.WEB,weblink Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), New Brunswick, Statistics Canada, February 9, 2022, February 21, 2022, {{Historical populations|title = Historical populations|type = Canada|align = right|width = 15%|state = |shading = |percentages =Language
The city is 95 per cent francophone, the highest such proportion of all cities in the province. Edmundston is the third-largest predominantly francophone city in North America outside of Quebec and the Caribbean, behind Clarence-Rockland, Ontario, which has a population exceeding 20,000 and is 68 per cent francophone, and Dieppe, which has a population of 25,384 (2016 Census) and is roughly 80 percent francophone. Outside of Quebec, the cities of Ottawa (122,665), Sudbury (45,420), Toronto (34,900), Winnipeg (26,855), Moncton (20,425), Timmins (17,390) and Edmonton (15,715) have greater total numbers of francophones, but they are a minority group in those cities.Mother tongue language (2006)2006 Statistics Canada Community Profile: Edmundston, New Brunswick{| class="wikitable"Ethnicity
Unlike most other francophones living in the Maritimes, most people living in the Edmundston area do not consider themselves Acadians other than for statistical purposes. Most of them descend from French-Canadians who originally came from Lower Canada (now Quebec) along with a few Irish immigrants to settle the area in the century between 1820 and 1920, and absorbed the small group of Acadians who had arrived earlier. Nor do they consider themselves Québécois despite their heritage, mainly due to the politicization of Quebec-specific issues they do not feel concerned with. Residents speak with a distinctive local accent, colloquially called "l'accent brayon".{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"Religion
{{see also|Religion in Canada}}(File:CathédraleEdmundston.jpg|thumb|right|The Cathedral of Immaculate Conception, in downtown Edmundston.)Christianity is the dominant religion of the city's inhabitants, with most residents being Roman Catholics. Moreover, Edmundston gives its name to the episcopal see of the region. Edmundston covers four Catholic parishes. Protestant denominations established in city include the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Pentecostal Church International and a French Christian church called Ãglise de l'Espoir d'Edmundston. A small number of Muslims live in Edmundston and the surrounding area, practicing in their own community centre.Mubareka, Aboud. Members of the Muslim Community of Edmundston and Surrounding Region, 2010 Community Census, Muslim Community Center of Edmundston {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721195034weblink |date=2011-07-21 }}, 2010.Religious make-up (2001){| class="wikitable"Climate
Edmundston experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification (Humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb: Warm summer subtype|Dfb)). The highest temperature ever recorded in Edmundston was {{convert|37.2|C|0}} on 3 June 1919.WEB, Environment Canada,weblink Daily Data Report for June 1919, Canadian Climate DataEconomy
{{see also|Pulp and paper industry in Canada}}Edmundston is a rural town whose economy centres on the Saint John River paper industry. The river historically provided water power for the mills and was the route of log drives bringing pulpwood from upstream forests. The river still provides the water supply for paper manufacture, but environmental concerns encourage pulpwood delivery by highway and rail.BOOK, Rail Service in the Midwest and Northeast Region, United States Department of Transportation, United States Government Printing Office, 1974, Forestry is one of the city's major industries, with several sawmills and paper plants in the vicinity, the largest being the Twin Rivers pulp mill, formerly owned by Fraser Papers, now owned by Norbord, by way of Noranda Forest (1998) and Nexfor (2004).Petites Entreprises: "Fraser Inc." The Edmundston pulp mill is paired with a Twin RiversFraser Papers Progress Report 1980-Fraser's New off machine Blade coater Program paper mill directly across the Saint John River in Madawaska, Maine,one of only two such installation anywhere along the CanadaâUnited States border through which liquified pulp slurry is piped. The pulp is shipped across the border through a mile-long high pressure pipeline running between both facilities, and is made into paper in Madawaska. The Madawaska mill specializes in fine-grade papers. The town's economy is highly dependent upon cross-border trade, to the extent that Edmundston and its smaller sister city of Madawaska are considered by residents under many aspects, a single economic entity.JOURNAL, Wright, Virginia, In the Shadow of the Border, Down East: The Magazine of Maine, June 2006, An illuminated sign and plastics manufacture owned by Pattison Sign is also important to the city's economy. IPL, a company that manufactures plastic eating utensils, has a facility in Edmundston.The city is the site of the regional hospital for the area. There is a campus of the French language University of Moncton in Edmundston. The New Brunswick Community college system has a campus in Edmundston.Arts and culture
Every June, Edmundston plays host to the Festival Jazz et Blues d'Edmundston (The Edmundston Jazz and Blues Festival).WEB, Festival Jazz & Blues d'Edmundston,weblink Edmundston Jazz & Blues Festival, August 23, 2019, Every year in August, there is a large cultural festival in Edmundston called the Foire Brayonne. The festival is one of the biggest French themed festivals held in Canada east of the province of Quebec.The three manual Casavant neo-baroque mechanical action pipe organ of the Church of Notre-Dame-des-Sept-Douleurs, situated in a hall with a superb live acoustic, is one of the finest pipe organs in Canada.Attractions
File:Edmundston.jpg|thumbnail|right|Park and bridge over the Madawaska River ]]File:NenupharJBNB.JPG|thumb|right|A specimen of Nymphaeaceae in the New Brunswick Botanical GardenNew Brunswick Botanical GardenEdmundston hosts two provincial historical sites:- Cathedral of Immaculate Conception: Built in 1924, the cathedral's architecture is said to be a synthesis of Roman and Gothic styles. Its granite facade has been recently restored, and can accommodate more than 1,200 people.
- Fortin du Petit-Sault: Erected at the culmination of the boundary disputes between the United States of America and British North America (an international conflict known as Aroostook War) in 1841 prior to the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty. This small fort was rebuilt in 2000.
Sports
Since 2017, Edmundston has been home to the Edmundston Blizzard of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League, playing their home games at the Centre Jean Daigle.Government
The offices of the Member of Parliament for the federal riding of MadawaskaâRestigouche René Arseneault and the Member of the Legislative Assembly for the provincial riding of Edmundston-Madawaska Centre (Jean-Claude D'Amours) are located in downtown Edmundston and for the provincial riding of Madawaska Les Lacs-Edmundston (Francine Landry) are located in Edmundston.Transportation infrastructure
Edmundston is served by New Brunswick Route 2, a four-lane all weather divided highway and, on the other side of the Saint John River, by U.S. Route 1. There is a municipal airport 17 kilometres north of Edmundston which serves general aviation traffic. The Trans Canada Trail passes through Edmundston, having been converted for pedestrian and bicycling use after abandonment of the New Brunswick Railway.Education
The city has two francophone K-8 schools, an anglophone K-12 school, a francophone high school, a community college campus affiliated with the Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick, and a university campus affiliated with the Université de Moncton.Media
(File:Le Madawaska premier numéro.jpg|thumb|alt=First number of Le Madawaska|First number of Edmundston's native newspaper, Le Madawaska, authored by Albert-M. Sormany & Maximilien-D. Cormier. Dated 27 November 1913.)Edmundston is served by five newspapers: Le Madawaska, L'Ãtoile â Ãdition La République, L'Acadie Nouvelle, The Telegraph Journal and Info Weekend), two local radio stations (CJEM-FM, CFAI-FM), two television rebroadcasters (CFTF-DT-1, CIMT-DT-1) and a regional bureau of Radio-Canada.The area also receives the Quebec City-based newspapers Le Journal de Québec and Le Soleil which will cover notable events in the region.- Notable people
See also
Notes
{{notelist}}References
{{Reflist}}External links
{{Commons category|Edmundston, New Brunswick}}- {{officialweblink}}
| Centre = Edmundston
| North = Dégelis {{QC{edih}
| Northeast =
| East = Rivière-Verte
| Southeast =
| South = Madawaska, Maine {{USA}}
| Southwest = Saint-Hilaire
| West = Baker Brook
| Northwest =
}}{{Subdivisions of New Brunswick}}{{Authority control}}| North = Dégelis {{QC{edih}
| Northeast =
| East = Rivière-Verte
| Southeast =
| South = Madawaska, Maine {{USA}}
| Southwest = Saint-Hilaire
| West = Baker Brook
| Northwest =
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- "Edmundston" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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