{{Short description|Historical regions of the Czech Republic}}{{onesource|date=January 2017}}File:Czech Rep. - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia III (en).png|thumb|360px|Czech historical lands and current administrative regions (kraj krajThe Czech lands or the Bohemian lands{{Citation |last=Wein |first=Martin |title=History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands |date=2015-10-05 |url=https://brill.com/display/title/31886 |work=History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands |access-date=2023-12-07 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-30127-6}}WEB,www.mua.cas.cz/cs/foto/mezinarodni-konference-between-politics-and-culture-new-perspectives-on-the-history-of-the-bohemian-lands-and-the-first-150, Between Politics and Culture: New Perspectives on the History of the Bohemian Lands and the First Czechoslovak Republic (1880sâ€“1930s), 2017-01-23, 2018-07-31,web.archive.org/web/20180731093437/https://www.mua.cas.cz/cs/foto/mezinarodni-konference-between-politics-and-culture-new-perspectives-on-the-history-of-the-bohemian-lands-and-the-first-150, dead, WEB, ArtMap, ArtMap knihkupectvÃ,knihy.artmap.cz/, 2023-12-07, knihy.artmap.cz, cs, (, {{IPA-cs|ËˆtÊƒÉ›skÉ›Ë ËˆzÉ›mÉ²É›|pron}}) is a historical-geographical term that, in a historical context, refers the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia together before Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic were formed. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918 and the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993.In a historical context, Czech texts use the term to refer to any territory ruled by the Kings of Bohemia, i.e., the lands of the Bohemian Crown () as established by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century. This would include territories like the Lusatias (which in 1635 fell to Saxony) and the whole of Silesia, all ruled from Prague Castle at that time. After the conquest of Silesia by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742, the remaining lands of the Bohemian Crownâ€”Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesiaâ€”have been more or less co-extensive with the territory of the modern-day Czech Republic.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}}{{multiple image| align = right| total_width = 320| direction = horizontal| width = | image1 = NejstarÅ¡Ã dochovanÃ© barevnÃ© vyobrazenÃ znaku ÄŒech, hrad Gozzoburg v KremÅ¾i.jpeg| caption1 = | image2 = NejstarÅ¡Ã dochovanÃ© barevnÃ© vyobrazenÃ znaku markrabÄ›cÃ Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v KremÅ¾i.jpeg| caption2 =
Krems an der Donau>Krems, fresco painting from the beginning of the 13th century}}
Alternative names
The term Czech lands has been used to describe different things by different people. While the Czech name of Bohemia proper is ÄŒechy, the adjective ÄeskÃ½ refers to both “Bohemian” and “Czech”. The non-auxiliary term (i.e. the term used in official Czech geographical terminology lists) for the present-day Czech lands (i.e. Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia) is ÄŒesko, documented as early as 1704.{{cn|date=October 2021}}During the period of the First and Second Czechoslovak Republic the Czech lands were frequently referred to as Historical lands in particular when mentioned together with Slovakia (which was never an autonomous historical region within the Kingdom of Hungary).
History
The Bohemian lands had been settled by Celts (Boii) from 5th BC until 2nd AD, then by various Germanic tribes (Marcomanni, Quadi, Lombards and others) until they moved on to the west during the Migration Period (1stâ€“5th century). At the beginning of the 5th century the population decreased vigorously and, according to mythology led by a chieftain ÄŒech, the first Western Slavs came in the second half of the 6th century. In the course of the decline of the Great Moravian realm during the Hungarian invasions of Europe in the 9th and 10th century, the Czech PÅ™emyslid dynasty established the Duchy of Bohemia. Backed by the East Frankish kings, they prevailed against the reluctant Bohemian nobility and extended their rule eastwards over the adjacent Moravian lands.In 1198 Duke Ottokar I of Bohemia received the royal title by the German anti-king Philip of Swabia. Attached to his Kingdom of Bohemia was the Margraviate of Moravia established in 1182 and KÅ‚odzko Land, the later County of Kladsko. From the second part of the 13th century onwards, German colonists (“German Bohemians“) settled in the mountainous border area on the basis of the kings’ invitation during the Ostsiedlung (in Prague they lived already from the early 12th century) and lived alongside the Slavs.The Silesian lands north of the Sudetes mountain range had been ruled by the Polish Piast dynasty from the 10th century onwards. While Bohemia rose to a kingdom, the Silesian Piasts alienated from the fragmenting Kingdom of Poland. After in 1310 the Bohemian crown had passed to the mighty House of Luxembourg, nearly all Silesian dukes pledged allegiance to King John the Blind and in 1335 the Polish king Casimir III the Great officially renounced Silesia by the Treaty of Trentschin. King John had also acquired the lands of Bautzen and GÃ¶rlitz (later Upper Lusatia) in 1319 and 1329. His son and successor Charles IV, also King of the Romans since 1346, incorporated the Silesian and Lusatian estates into the Bohemian Crown and upon his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor confirmed their indivisibility and affiliation with the Holy Roman Empire.In 1367 Emperor Charles IV also purchased the former March of Lusatia (Lower Lusatia) in the northwest. However, during the Thirty Years’ War both Lusatias passed to the Electorate of Saxony by the Peace of Prague. After the Bohemian Crown (Crown of Saint Wenceslas) passed to the House of Habsburg in 1526, the Bohemian crown lands together with the Kingdom of Hungary and the Austrian “hereditary lands” became part of the larger Habsburg monarchy. In 1742 the Habsburg queen Maria Theresa lost the bulk of Silesia to Prussia upon the First Silesian War, part of the War of the Austrian Succession.Duchy of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire in 11th century.svg|The Czech state in form of Duchy of Bohemia (green) in 11th century, within the Holy Roman Empire (light green).Locator Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire (1618).svg|Czech lands in form of Lands of the Bohemian Crown (red) in the 17th century, within Holy Roman Empire
Coats of arms

The coat of arms of the Czech Republic incorporates those of the three integral Czech lands: Bohemia proper, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. The arms of Bohemia originated with the Bohemian kingdom, like those of Moravia with the Moravian margraviate. The arms of Czech Silesia originated as those of all of the historical region of Silesia, much of which is now in Poland.
Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|Bohemia, also used as the Lesser coat of arms of the modern Czech RepublicZnak Moravy.svg|MoraviaZnak Slezska.svg|SilesiaCoat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|Greater coat of arms of the present-day Czech RepublicFile:Coat of arms of the lands of the Bohemian Crown.svg|thumb|280px|center|Coat of arms of the Bohemian crown lands (until 1635), clockwise from left above: (checked) Eagle of Moravia, Eagle of Lower Silesia, Ox of Lower Lusatia, Eagle of Upper Silesia, Wall of Upper Lusatia, en surtout Bohemian Lion, upon Crown of Saint Wenceslas, garlanded by lime. Drawn by Hugo Gerard StrÃ¶hl Hugo Gerard StrÃ¶hl
See also
{{Wikisource portal|Czech lands}}

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
KÅ‚odzko Land

References
{{reflist}}
Sources

BOOK, A History of the Czech lands, PÃ¡nek, Jaroslav, TÅ¯ma OldÅ™ich, 2009, Karolinum, Prague, 978-80-246-1645-2, etal,

{{Czech lands|state=expanded}}{{Czechoslovakia timeline|state=collapsed}}{{Czech Republic topics|state=collapsed}}{{coord|49|45|N|15|30|E|display=title}}

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