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{{Short description|Greek goddesses of grace and beauty}}{{Distinguish|Charitable organization}}{{Hatnote group|{{Redirect-multi|2|Charis|Graces|other uses|Charis (disambiguation)|and|Grace (disambiguation)}}}}File:The Three Graces, from Pompeii (fresco).jpg|thumb|300px|The Three Graces in a fresco at PompeiiPompeiiIn Greek mythology, the Charites {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ær|áµ»|t|iː|z}} ( {{IPA-el|kʰárites|}}), singular Charis, or Graces, were three or more goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, goodwill, and fertility.BOOK, Ancient Greek Cults,archive.org/details/ancientgreekcult00lars, limited, Larson, Jennifer, Routledge, 2007, 978-0415491020, New York, NY, 162-163, Hesiod names three – Aglaea (“Shining“), Euphrosyne (“Joy“), and Thalia (“Blooming“)Hesiod, Theogony, 907 ff. – and names Aglaea as the youngest and the wife of Hephaestus.Hesiod, Theogony, 945 ff. In Roman mythology they were known as the , the “Graces”. Some sources use the appellation “Charis” as the name of one of the Charites, and equate her with Aglaea, as she too is referred to as the wife of Hephaestus.Homer, Iliad, 18.382.The Charites were usually considered the daughters of Zeus and Oceanid Eurynome. According to the Orphic Hymns, they were the daughters of Zeus and Eunomia,Orphic Hymn (60), 2–3. while Cornutus records other possible names of their mother by Zeus as Eurydome, Eurymedousa, or Euanthe.Cornutus, Compendium of Greek Theology, 15 Rarely, they were said to be daughters of Dionysus and CoronisNonnus, Dionysiaca 48.548 or of Helios and the naiad AegleNonnus, Dionysiaca, 15.87 & 48.530Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9.35.5. or of Hera by an unnamed father.Coluthus, Rape of Helen’’ 173 Homer identified them as part of the retinue of Aphrodite. The Charites were also associated with the Greek underworld and the Eleusinian Mysteries.In Roman and later art, the three Charites are generally depicted nude in an interlaced group, but during the Archaic and Classical periods of Greece, they were typically depicted as fully clothed, and in a line, with dance poses.{{Greek myth (personified)}}

Mythology

File:Sandro Botticelli - Three Graces in Primavera.jpg|thumb|The Three Graces, from Sandro Botticelli’s painting Primavera in the Uffizi GalleryUffizi Gallery

Members of the Charites

The name and number of goddesses associated with the Charites varied, although they usually numbered three. In Hesiod’s Theogony, the Charites are listed as Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia.Gantz, p. 54; Hesiod, Theogony 906–11. Alternate names to those given by Hesiod include: Damia (“Earth Mother“), Auxesia (“Spring Growth“), Cleta (“Renowned“), Eupheme (“good omen“), Phaenna (“Bright“), Hegemone (“Leader“), Peitho (“Persuasion“), Paregoros (“Consolation“), Pasithea (“Relaxation“), Charis (“Grace“), and Kale (“Beauty“). Alternatively, an ancient vase painting attests the following names as: Antheia (“Blossoms“), Eudaimonia (“Happiness“), Euthymia (“Good Mood“), Eutychia (“Good Luck“), Paidia (“Play“), Pandaisia (“Banquet“), and Pannychis (“Night Festivities“), all refer to the Charites as patronesses of amusement and festivities.Pausanias interrupts his Description of Greece (Book 9.35.1–7) to expand upon the various conceptions of the Charites that developed in different parts of mainland Greece and Ionia:{{blockquote|The Boeotians say that Eteocles was the first man to sacrifice to the Graces. Moreover, they are aware that he established three as the number of the Graces, but they have no tradition of the names he gave them. The Lacedaemonians, however, say that the Graces are two, and that they were instituted by Lacedaemon, son of Taygete, who gave them the names of Cleta (“Sound” or “Renowned“) and Phaenna (“Light” or “Bright“). These are appropriate names for Graces, as are those given by the Athenians, who from of old have worshipped two Graces, Auxo (“Increase” or “Growth“) and Hegemone (“Leader” or “Queen“), until Hermesianax added Peitho (“Persuasion“) as a third.Carr, Thomas Swinburne. A manual of classical mythology; or, A companion to the Greek and Latin poets, designed chiefly to explain words, phrases and epithets, from the fables and traditions to which they refer. p. 139 {{ISBN|9781290153911}} It was from Eteocles of Orchomenus that we learned the custom of praying to three Graces. And Angelion and Tectaus, sons of Dionysus, who made the image of Apollo for the Delians, set three Graces in his hand. Again, at Athens, before the entrance to the Acropolis, the Graces are three in number; by their side are celebrated mysteries which must not be divulged to the many. Pamphos (Πάμφως or Πάμφος) was the first we know of to sing about the Graces, but his poetry contains no information either as to their number or about their names. Homer (he too refers to the Graces) makes one the wife of Hephaestus, giving her the name of Charis (“Grace“).” He also says that Sleep was a lover of Pasithea (“Hallucination“), and in the speech of Sleep there is this verse:Verily that he would give me one of the younger Graces.Hence some have suspected that Homer knew of older Graces as well. Hesiod in the Theogony (though the authorship is doubtful, this poem is good evidence) says that the three Graces are daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, giving them the names of Aglaia, Euphrosyne and lovely Thalia. The poem of Onomacritus agrees with this account. Antimachus, while giving neither the number of the Graces nor their names, says that they are daughters of Aegle and the Sun. The elegiac poet Hermesianax disagrees with his predecessors in that he makes Persuasion also one of the Graces.}}Nonnus gives their three names as Pasithea, Peitho and Aglaia.Keightley, p. 192; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 24.261–4 with note b, pp. 242, 243. Sostratus gives the names as Pasithea, Cale (“Beauty“) and Euphrosyne;Alan Cameron, Greek Mythography in the Roman World. p. 150 {{ISBN|0-19-517121-7}}Charles Wilkins, The Red Dragon: The National Magazine of Wales, Volume 11. p. 76 Pasithea for Thalia and Cale for Aglaia, Euphrosyne is unchanged.Perry L. Westmoreland (2007). Ancient Greek Beliefs, p. 112, {{ISBN|0-9793248-1-5}} In Sparta, only Cleta and Phaenna were counted.EB1911, Graces, The, 12, 310,

Role in mythology

(File:Relief Kharites Glyptothek Munich 241.jpg|thumb|6th-century BCE relief)The Charites’ major mythological role was to attend the other Olympians, particularly during feasts and dances.JOURNAL, Milleker, Elizabeth J., 1988, The Three Graces on a Roman Relief Mirror, Metropolitan Museum Journal, 23, 69–81, 10.2307/1512847, 1512847, 193031954, They attended Aphrodite by bathing and anointing her in Paphos before her seduction of Ankhises and after she left Olympus when her affair with Ares is found out.Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite, 58.Homer, Iliad, 8.360-369 Additionally, they are said to weave or dye her peplos.Homer, Iliad, 5.338 Along with Peitho, they presented Pandora with necklaces to make her more enticing.Hesiod, Works and Days, 69 Pindar stated the Charites arranged feasts and dances for the Olympians.Pindar, Olympian Ode 14, 1-20 They also danced in celebration of the birth of Apollo with Aphrodite, Hebe, and Harmonia.Homeric Hymn 3 to Pythian Apollo, 186 They were often referenced as dancing and singing with Apollo and the Muses.Hesiod, Theogony, 63 Pindar also referred to them as the guardians of the ancient Minyans and the queens of Orchomenus who have their thrones beside Apollo’s.The Charites appear to have a connection to Hera, where some ancient authors reference her as their nurse.Colluthus, Rape of Helen 88. In the Iliad, as part of her plan to seduce Zeus to distract him from the Trojan War, she offers to arrange Hypnos’s marriage to Pasithea, who is referred to as one of the younger Charites.Homer, Iliad, 265Aglaea or Charis had a role as the wife of the smith god Hephaestus. In the Iliad, Aglaea invites Thetis into their shared home on Olympus so that the latter may ask for Hephaestus to forge armor for her son Achilles.Homer, Iliad, 18.382-385 Some scholars have interpreted this marriage as occurring after Hephaestus’s divorce from Aphrodite due to her affair with Ares being exposed. Notably, however, some scholars, such as Walter Burkert, support that the marriage of Hephaestus and Aphrodite as an invention of the Odyssey, since it is not represented within other Archaic or Classical era literature or arts, and it does not appear to have a connection to cult.BOOK, Homer’s Odyssey, Burkert, Walter, Oxford University Press, 2009, 9780199233328, Doherty, Lillian E., Oxford, United Kingdom, 29–43, The Song of Ares and Aphrodite: On the Relationship between the Odyssey and the Iliad,  

Cult

File:Canova-Three Graces 0 degree view.jpg|thumb|The Three Graces, Antonio Canova’s first version, now in the Hermitage MuseumHermitage MuseumThe cult of the Charites is very old, with their name appearing to be of Pelasgian, or pre-Greek, origin rather than being brought to Greece by Proto-Indo-Europeans.BOOK, Aphrodite and Eros: The Development of Greek Erotic Mythology,archive.org/details/aphroditeerosdev00brei_533, limited, Breitenberger, Barbara, Routledge, 2007, 978-0-415-96823-2, New York, NY, 105-116, Goddesses of Grace and Beauty: the Charites, The purpose of their cult appears to be similar to that of nymphs, primary based around fertility and nature with a particular connection to springs and rivers. One of the earliest centres of worship for the Charites was the Cycladic Islands including Paros, with epigraphical evidence for a cult to the Charites dating to the sixth century B.C.E. on the island of Thera. Scholars have interpreted them as chthonic deities connected to fertility due to the absence of wreaths and flutes in ceremonies. An aetiological explanation for the lack of music and garlands was from a myth involving Minos. He was said to have been sacrificing to the Charites on the island of Paros when he learned of his son’s death in Athens and stopped the music and ripped off his garlands in grief. Dance, however, appears to be strongly connected with their cult, which is similar to the cults of Dionysus and Artemis.Although the Charites were most commonly depicted in the sanctuaries of other gods, there were at least four temples exclusively dedicated to them in Greece. The temple regarded as their perhaps most important was that in Orkhomenos in Boeotia, where their cult was thought to have originated. There were also temples to the Charites in Hermione, Sparta, and Elis.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.34.10, 3.14.6, 6.24.6 A temple was dedicated to the Charites near the Tiasa river in Amyclae, Laconia that was reportedly founded by the ancient King of Sparta, Lacedaemon.Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3.18.6File:Les Trois Graces LP 5.jpg|thumb|Les Trois Grâces by James PradierJames PradierIn Orkhomenos, the goddesses were worshipped at a very ancient site with a trio of stones, which is similar to other Boiotian cults to Eros and Herakles. The local river Kephisos and the Akidalia (or Argaphia) spring was sacred to the three goddesses. Orkhomenos was an agriculturally prosperous city because of the marshy Kopaic plain, and the Charites were offered a portion of the produce. Regarding the foundation of their cult in Orkhomenos, Strabo wrote:{{blockquote|Eteokles, one of those who reigned as king at Orkhomenos, who founded a temple of the Kharites, was the first to display both wealth and power; for he honored these goddesses either because he was successful in receiving graces, or in giving them, or both. For necessarily, when he had become naturally inclined to kindly deeds, he began doing honor to these goddesses; and therefore he already possessed this power.Strabo, Geography 9.2.40 (trans. Jones)}}In cult, the Charites were particularly connected with Apollo and appear to be connect to his cult on Delos, however, this connection is not present in other cults to Apollo. In the Classical era and beyond, the Charites were associated with Aphrodite in connection to civic matters.There was a festival in honour of the Charites which was called Charisia (Χαρίσια). During this festival there were dances all night and at the end a cake was given to those who remained awake during the whole time.Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Charisia

Visual art

File:ACMA Trois Grâces.jpg|thumb|Early 5th-century BCE, from the acropolis of Athens; not in fact by SocratesSocrates

Ancient art

Despite the Charites usually being depicted nude entwined in a “closed symmetrical group” for the last two millenia, this was a later development, as in depictions from Archaic and Classical Greece, they are finely dressed, and usually shown in a line, as dancers. In contrast, the third century BCE poets Callimachus and Euphorion describe the trio as being nude. The earliest representation of these goddesses was found in a temple of Apollo in Thermon dated to the seventh to sixth century BCE. It is possible, however, that the Charites are represented on a Mycenean golden seal ring that depicts two female figures dancing in the presence of a male figure, who has been interpreted as Hermes or Dionysus. Another early representation of the Charites, from a relief at the Paros colony of Thasos dated to the beginning of the fifth century BCE, shows the Charites with Hermes and either Aphrodite or Peitho, which marked the entrance to the old city. The opposite side of the relief shows Apollo being crowned by Artemis with nymphs in the background. At the entrance of the Akropolis, there was a famous Classical era relief of the Charites and Hermes, and the popular belief was that the sculptor was Sokrates, although this is very unlikely.Kenneth Clark describes the “complicated” pose of the Three Graces facing inwards with interlaced arms as “one of the last beautiful inventions of antique art”. He thought it was invented in the 1st century BCE, based on the proportions of the figures, and notes that none of the many survivals from antiquity are of “high quality”.They are all “either mediocre commercial pieces or such rough imitations as local masons might make of a subject which was popular, but not yet sanctified by time”. Clark, 85 The opportunity for artists to show their skill in representing figures with three nude female figures seen from different angles has been a factor in the enduring popularity of the subject.One of the earliest known Roman representations of the Graces was a wall painting in Boscoreale dated to 40 BCE, which also depicted Aphrodite with Eros and Dionysus with Ariadne. The group may have also appeared on a small number of coins to symbolize the union between Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Minor and on other coins they were depicted in the hands of Juno or Venus. The Graces were common subject matter on Roman sarcophagi, and they were depicted on several mirrors.File:Three Graces - Piccolomini Library - Duomo - Siena 2016.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Three Graces from the Piccolomini Library, now in Siena CathedralSiena CathedralOn the representation of the Graces, the second century CE guide book author Pausanias wrote:{{blockquote|Who it was who first represented the Graces naked, whether in sculpture or in painting, I could not discover. During the earlier period, certainly, sculptors and painters alike represented them draped. At Smyrna, for instance, in the sanctuary of the Nemeses, above the images have been dedicated Graces of gold, the work of Bupalus; and in the Music Hall in the same city there is a portrait of a Grace, painted by Apelles. At Pergamus likewise, in the chamber of Attalus, are other images of Graces made by Bupalus; and near what is called the Pythium there is a portrait of Graces, painted by Pythagoras the Parian. Socrates too, son of Sophroniscus, made images of Graces for the Athenians, which are before the entrance to the Acropolis. Also, Socrates was known to have destroyed his own work as he progressed deeper into his life of philosophy and search of the conscious due to his iconoclastic attitude towards art and the like. All these are alike draped; but later artists, I do not know the reason, have changed the way of portraying them. Certainly to-day sculptors and painters represent Graces naked.}}

Renaissance onwards

Clark writes that “For some reason the nakedness of the Graces was free from moral opprobium, and in consequence they furnished the subject through which pagan beauty was first allowed to appear in the 15th century”.Clark, 86 Indeed, a large marble Graeco-Roman group, which was a key model in the Renaissance,Clark, 86 when it was in the Piccolomini Library, is now displayed in Siena Cathedral.File:C. Van Loo - Les Trois Grâces.jpg|thumb|The Three Graces, from Carle van LooCarle van LooFile:Raffael 010.jpg|upright|thumb|The Three Graces, alt=The Charites are depicted together with several other mythological figures in Sandro Botticelli’s painting Primavera. Raphael also pictured them in a small painting now in the Musée Condé (Chantilly, France). Among other artistic depictions, they are the subject of famous sculptures by Antonio Canova and Bertel Thorvaldsen. The vast majority use a variant of the closed group pose.A group of three trees in the Calaveras Big Trees State Park are named “The Three Graces” after the Charites.WEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=2&record=6820, “The Three Graces”, Calveras Big Tree State Park, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16, dead,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=2&record=6820," title="web.archive.org/web/20090724043501search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=2&record=6820,">web.archive.org/web/20090724043501search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=2&record=6820, 2009-07-24,

List of notable artworks with images resembling the three Charites

• AnonymousWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=1&record=311086, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=1&record=311086," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707095310search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=1&record=311086,">web.archive.org/web/20090707095310search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=1&record=311086, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Anonymous
  missing image!
  - Mosaico de las tres gracias.jpg -
  Mosaico de las tres gracias
  
  
  
• Jean Arp (16 September 1886{{snd}}7 June 1966) The Three Graces (1961)
• Francesco BartolozziWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=3&record=56523, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=3&record=56523," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707085648search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=3&record=56523,">web.archive.org/web/20090707085648search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=3&record=56523, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Jacques Blanchard (1631–33) Man surprising Sleeping Venus and GracesWEB,www.wga.hu/html/b/blanchar/index.html, Man surprising Sleeping Venus and Graces, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• Giulio di Antonio BonasoneWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=4&record=57110, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=4&record=57110," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707095254search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=4&record=57110,">web.archive.org/web/20090707095254search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=4&record=57110, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Sandro Botticelli (1482); detail of Primavera;WEB,www.wga.hu/cgi-bin/highlight.cgi?file=html/b/botticel/5allegor/11primav.html&find=graces, detail of Primavera, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• Marie Bracquemond (1880) Trois femmes aux ombrellesBouillon, Jean-Paul. Kane, Elizabeth (1984-1985). “Marie Bracquemond.” Woman’s Art Journal. 5(2): 21-27.
• Antonio Canova (1799) The Three GracesWEB,www.wga.hu/cgi-bin/highlight.cgi?file=html/c/canova/1/8graces.html&find=graces, The Three Graces Dancing by Canova, Antonio, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• Agostino CarracciWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=5&record=59476, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=5&record=59476," title="web.archive.org/web/20090724045832search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=5&record=59476,">web.archive.org/web/20090724045832search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=5&record=59476, 2009-07-24, dead, WEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=7&record=57246, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=7&record=57246," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707095318search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=7&record=57246,">web.archive.org/web/20090707095318search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=7&record=57246, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Paul Cézanne
• Antonio da Correggio (1518);WEB, Olga Mataev,www.abcgallery.com/C/correggio/correggio17.html, Correggio. Three Graces. - Olga’s Gallery, Abcgallery.com, 2010-03-16,
• Francesco del Cossa, c:F, Palazzo Schifanoia, School of Ferrara.
• Maurice Raphael DrouartWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=8&record=44917, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=8&record=44917," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707085653search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=8&record=44917,">web.archive.org/web/20090707085653search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=8&record=44917, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Ewen Feuillâtre The Three Graces : Aglaea, Euphrosyne & Thalia (2020)
• Hans Baldung Grien (1540)
• Ludwig Von HofmannWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=12&record=54420, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=12&record=54420," title="web.archive.org/web/20090724040557search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=12&record=54420,">web.archive.org/web/20090724040557search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=12&record=54420, 2009-07-24, dead,
• Laura KnightWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=10&record=4823, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=10&record=4823," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707095249search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=10&record=4823,">web.archive.org/web/20090707095249search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=10&record=4823, 2009-07-07, dead, WEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=9&record=4838, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=9&record=4838," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707095338search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=9&record=4838,">web.archive.org/web/20090707095338search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=1&position=9&record=4838, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Jean-Baptiste van Loo (1684–1745) at the Château de Chenonceau(commons:Image:Chenonceau Three Graces.jpg|Three Graces at Chenonceau)
• Ambrogio Lorenzetti (1348–50) Allegory of Good GovernmentWEB,www.wga.hu/html/l/lorenzet/ambrogio/governme/2effect1.html, Allegory of Good Government, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• Jacob MathamWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=11&record=5870, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=11&record=5870," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707085731search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=11&record=5870,">web.archive.org/web/20090707085731search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=11&record=5870, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Arthur Frank MathewsWEB,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=14&record=132240, ImageBase, Search3.famsf.org:8080, 1945-02-19, 2010-03-16,search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=14&record=132240," title="web.archive.org/web/20090707085658search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=14&record=132240,">web.archive.org/web/20090707085658search3.famsf.org:8080/view.shtml?keywords=three%20graces&artist=&country=&period=&sort=&start=11&position=14&record=132240, 2009-07-07, dead,
• Bruce Peebles & Co. advertisement (c. 1900)
• Pablo Picasso The Three Graces (1925)
• Germain Pilon
  missing image!
  - Monument du coeur d’Henri II.jpg -
  Monument du coeur d’Henri II
  
  
  
• Jacopo Pontormo (1535)WEB,www.wga.hu/html/p/pontormo/drawings/05graces.html, Three Graces by Pontormo, Jacopo, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• James Pradier (1831) Les Trois GrâcesWEB,commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Les_Trois_Gr%C3%A2ces_by_James_Pradier, Les Trois Grâces by James Pradier, Wikimedia Commons,
• Jean-Baptiste Regnault Les Trois Grâces (1797–1798)WEB,cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not_frame&idNotice=16945, Les Trois Grâces, 1793, 2011-09-05,
• Peter Paul RubensWEB,www.artchive.com/artchive/R/rubens/three_graces.jpg.html, Rubens: The Three Graces, Artchive.com, 2010-03-16,www.artchive.com/artchive/R/rubens/three_graces.jpg.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20061010024544www.artchive.com/artchive/R/rubens/three_graces.jpg.html,">web.archive.org/web/20061010024544www.artchive.com/artchive/R/rubens/three_graces.jpg.html, 2006-10-10, dead,
• Raphael SanzioWEB, Olga Mataev,www.abcgallery.com/R/raphael/raphael10.html, Raphael. The Three Graces.- Olga’s Gallery, Abcgallery.com, 2010-03-16,
• Anna Soghomonyan, Three Graces (2020)WEB, Soghomonyan, Anna, Three Graces - MODERN STILL LIFE – Annuk’s Official Website,annuk.art/portfolio/modern-still-life/jp-carousel-949, 2022-01-11, en-US,
• Cosimo Tura (1476–84) detail of Allegory of AprilWEB,www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/p/pontormo/drawings/05graces.html, Allegory of April, Wga.hu, 2010-03-16,
• Unknown artist, The Three Graces sculpture in Indianapolis
• Kehinde Wiley Three GracesWEB,www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/recognize/images/02-07_full.jpg, Three Graces, 2010-03-16,
• Joel-Peter Witkin

See also

• 627 Charis
• Charisma
• Charis (name)
• Grâces
• Three of Cups Tarot

Notes

(The Imagebase links are all broken){{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

References

• Athanassakis, Apostolos N., and Benjamin M. Wolkow, The Orphic Hymns, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0882-8}}. Internet Archive. Google Books.
• Clark, Kenneth, The Nude, A Study in Ideal Form, orig. 1949, various edns, page refs from Pelican edn of 1960
• Colluthus, The Rape of Helen in Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus, translated by A. W. Mair, Loeb Classical Library No. 219, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1928. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99241-2}}. Online version at Harvard University Press.
• Fisher, Nick, “Kharis, Kharites, festivals, and social peace in the classical Greek city,” in Ralph M. Rosen and Ineke Sluiter (Eds), Valuing Others in Classical Antiquity (Leiden, Brill, 2010) (Mnemosyne Supplements, 323).
• Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2).
• Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-631-20102-1}}. “Charites” p. 99
• Keightley, Thomas, The Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy, Whittaker and Company, 1838. Google Books.
• Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). “Charis”

External links

{{Commons category|Gratiae}}

• The charites — Judgement of Paris — art article (Spanish)
• The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of the Graces)

{{Greek mythology (deities)}}{{Authority control}}