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Bisbee, Arizona
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{short description|City in Cochise County, Arizona, US}}{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
factoids | |
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|title =
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = ⢠Ken Budge
|2 = ⢠Anna Cline
|3 = ⢠Frank Davis
|4 = ⢠Joni Giacomino
|5 = ⢠Joan Hansen
|6 = ⢠Leslie Johns
|7 = ⢠Louis Pawlik
{edih}| area_total_km2 = 13.41| area_total_sq_mi = 5.18| area_land_km2 = 13.41| area_land_sq_mi = 5.18| area_water_km2 = 0.00| area_water_sq_mi = 0.00| elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1688|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = ⢠Ken Budge
|2 = ⢠Anna Cline
|3 = ⢠Frank Davis
|4 = ⢠Joni Giacomino
|5 = ⢠Joan Hansen
|6 = ⢠Leslie Johns
|7 = ⢠Louis Pawlik
History
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2019}}(File:PostcardBisbeeAZArialLookingEastCirca1909.jpg|thumb|left|Bisbee, looking east, 1909)(File:AZ Bisbee 1902 62500.jpg|thumb|left|Bisbee was founded as a copper, gold, and silver mining town; topographical map from 1902)Bisbee was founded as a copper, gold, and silver mining town in 1880, and named in honor of Judge DeWitt Bisbee, one of the financial backers of the adjacent Copper Queen Mine.The town was the site of the Bisbee Riot in 1919.In 1929, the county seat was moved from Tombstone to Bisbee, where it remains.Mining industry
Mining in the Mule Mountains proved quite successful: in the early 20th century the population of Bisbee soared. Incorporated in 1902, by 1910 its population had swelled to 9,019, the third largest in the territory, and it sported a constellation of suburbs, including Warren, Lowell, and San Jose, some of which had been founded on their own (ultimately less successful) mines.WEB, Bisbee Neighborhoods,weblink March 5, 2021, discoverbisbee, en, In 1917, open-pit mining was successfully introduced to meet the copper demand during World War I.A high quality turquoise promoted as Bisbee Blue was a by-product of the copper mining. Many high-quality mineral specimens have come from Bisbee area mines and are to be found in museum collections worldwide. Some of these minerals include cuprite, aragonite, wulfenite, malachite, azurite, and galena.WEB, 2021, Bisbee History,weblink live, March 5, 2021, discoverbisbee, en, BisHis,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170506043523weblink">weblink May 6, 2017,Bisbee deportation
File:AZ Bisbee 1927 62500.jpg|thumb|left|In 1927 it sported a constellation of suburbs of Tin Town, Bakerville, and Halfway House]]Miners attempted to organize to gain better working conditions and wages. In 1917, the Phelps Dodge Corporation, using private police and deputized sheriffs in conjunction with Cochise County Sheriff Harry C. Wheeler, transported at gunpoint over 1,000 striking miners out of town to Hermanas, New Mexico, due to allegations that they were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW); the company wanted to prevent unionization.WEB,weblink Bisbee Deportation of 1917, February 2, 2007, January 24, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070124005638weblink">weblink dead, Earlier that year, industry police conducted the Jerome Deportation, similarly intended to expel striking miners.Mining decline and tourism
Continued underground work enabled the town to survive the changes in mining that caused mines in neighboring towns to close, leading to a resulting dramatic loss of population. But the population of Bisbee had dropped nearly 60%, from a high of 9,205 in 1920WEB, Bureau of the Census Library, Fourteenth Census of the United States - State Compendium - Arizona,weblink U.S. Government Printing Office, 1924, down to 3,801 by 1950.WEB, Number of Inhabitants - Arizona,weblink United States Census Bureau, 1950, In 1975 the Phelps Dodge Corporation halted its Bisbee copper-mining operations. Bisbee Mayor Chuck Eads, with the cooperation of Phelps Dodge, implemented development of a mine tour and historic interpretation of a portion of the Copper Queen Mine as part of an effort to create heritage tourism as another economic base to compensate for the financial loss due to the end of the mining industry.Community volunteers cleared tons of fallen rock and re-timbered the old workings. Eventually, this local effort came to the attention of the federal Economic Development Administration. It approved a large grant to the City of Bisbee to help the mine tour project and other improvements in downtown Bisbee; these were designed to meet tourist business needs. The Queen Mine Tour was officially opened to visitors on February 1, 1976. More than a million visitors have taken the underground mine tour train.(File:Downtown Bisbee, c. 1940.jpg|thumb|Downtown Bisbee, May 1940.)Modern Bisbee
(File:AZ Bisbee 1958 62500.jpg|thumb|Bisbee in 1958 was at its height of economic mining development.)From 1950 to 1960, the sharp population decline happening over the previous few decades changed course and the number of residents of Bisbee increased by nearly 160 percent when open-pit mining was undertaken and the city annexed nearby areas. The peak population was in 1960, at 9,914.In the following decade, there was a decline in jobs and population, although not as severe as from 1930 to 1950. But, the economic volatility resulted in a crash in housing prices. Coupled with an attractive climate and picturesque scenery, Bisbee became a destination in the 1960s for artists and hippies of the counter culture.Artist Stephen Hutchison and his wife Marcia purchased the Copper Queen Hotel, the town's anchor business and architectural gem, from the Phelps-Dodge mining company in 1970. The company had tried to find a local buyer, offering the deed to any local resident for the sum of $1, but there were no takers. The property needed renovation for continued use.Hutchison purchased and renovated the hotel, as well as other buildings in the downtown area. One held the early 20th-century Brewery and Stock Exchange. Hutchison began to market Bisbee as a destination of the "authentic," old Southwest. His work attracted the developer Ed Smart.Among the many guests at the hotel have been celebrities from nearby California. Actor John Wayne was a frequent visitor to Bisbee and the Copper Queen. He befriended Hutchison and eventually partnered with Smart in his real estate ventures. This period of Bisbee's history is well documented in contemporary articles in The New Yorker and in an article by Cynthia Buchanan in The Cornell Review. It was at this time that Bisbee became a haven for artists and hippies fleeing the larger cities of Arizona and California. Later it attracted people priced out by gentrification of places such as Aspen, Colorado.In the 1990s, additional people were attracted to Bisbee, leading it to develop such amenities as coffee shops and live theatre. Many of the old houses have been renovated, and property values in Bisbee now greatly exceed those of other southeastern Arizona cities.Today, the historic city of Bisbee is known as "Old Bisbee" and is home to a thriving downtown cultural scene. This area is noted for its architecture, including Victorian-style houses and an elegant Art Deco county courthouse. Because its plan was laid out to a pedestrian scale before the automobile, Old Bisbee is compact and walkable. The town's hilly terrain is exemplified by the old four-story high school; each floor has a ground-level entrance.{{wide image|Bisbee 1916.jpg|750px|Bisbee, 1916|alt=Panorama of Bisbee in 1916}}{{wide image|Bisbee panorama 2009.JPG|750px|Bisbee, 2009|alt=Panorama of Bisbee in 2009}}Suburbs
The city of Bisbee now includes the satellite communities of Warren, Lowell, and San Jose. The Lowell and Warren townsites were consolidated into Bisbee proper during the early part of the twentieth century. There are also smaller neighborhoods interspersed between these larger boroughs, including Galena, Bakerville, Tintown, South Bisbee, Briggs, and Saginaw.Warren was Arizona's first planned community. It was designed as a bedroom community for the more affluent citizens of the mining district. Warren has a fine collection of Arts and Crafts style bungalow houses. Many have been recognized as historic places, and the city has an annual home tour during which a varying selection are offered for tours. Since the end of mining in the 1970s, Warren has seen a steady decline in its standard of living. The residential district still houses a significant portion of the population, and includes City Hall, Greenway Elementary School, Bisbee High School, and the historic Warren Ballpark.Lowell was at one time a sizable mining town located just to the southeast of Old Bisbee. The majority of the original townsite was consumed by the excavation of the Lavender Pit mine during the 1950s. All that is left today is a small portion of Erie Street, along with Evergreen Cemetery, Saginaw subdivision and Lowell Middle School. These days Lowell is considered by most of the local residents to be more of a place name than an operating community.San Jose, on the southern side of the Mule Mountains, is the most modern of the city's subdivisions. As it is not restricted by mountains, it has had the most new growth since the late 1990s. Named after a nearby Mexican mountain peak, it is the location of many newer county government buildings, the Huachuca Terrace Elementary School, and a large shopping center.Current state of mining industry
In 2007, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold bought Phelps-Dodge company.Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 12, 2010. Freeport has invested in Bisbee by remediating soil contaminated in previous mining operations, donations to the school system, and other civic activities.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}Geography
Arizona State Route 80 runs through the city, leading northwest {{convert|23|mi}} to Tombstone and {{convert|47|mi}} to Benson, and east {{convert|26|mi}} to Douglas. The Mexican border at Naco is {{convert|11|mi}} south of the center of Bisbee.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|13.4|km2|order=flip}}, all land.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20200212180754weblink">weblink dead, February 12, 2020, Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Bisbee city, Arizona, U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder, June 11, 2014, Natural vegetation around Bisbee has a semi-desert appearance with shrubby acacia, oak and the like, along with cacti, grass, ocotillo and yucca. The town itself is much more luxuriant with large trees such as native cypress, sycamore and cottonwood plus the introduced ailanthus and Old World cypresses, cedars and pines. Palms are capable of growing tall, but are not reliably hardy. At least one mature blue spruce may be seen.Climate
Bisbee is a typical semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) of the upland Mountain West. Summer days are warm to hot and dry before the monsoon brings the wettest season from July to September with {{convert|10.65|in|mm|1}} of Bisbee's total annual rainfall of {{convert|18.63|in|mm|1}}, often with severe thunderstorms. During the winter, frontal cloudbands may bring occasional rainfall or even snowfall, though average maxima in the winter are typically very mild and sometimes even warm.{{Weather box|location = Bisbee, Arizona (1991â2020 normals, extremes 1985â2021)|single line = Y|Jan record high F = 74|Feb record high F = 80|Mar record high F = 87|Apr record high F = 93|May record high F = 98|Jun record high F = 106|Jul record high F = 103|Aug record high F = 97|Sep record high F = 91|Oct record high F = 90|Nov record high F = 85|Dec record high F = 77| Jan avg record high F = 66.7| Feb avg record high F = 71.5| Mar avg record high F = 77.2| Apr avg record high F = 82.9| May avg record high F = 90.6| Jun avg record high F = 96.8| Jul avg record high F = 96.0| Aug avg record high F = 92.1| Sep avg record high F = 88.7| Oct avg record high F = 84.4| Nov avg record high F = 75.4| Dec avg record high F = 68.4| year avg record high F = 97.9|Jan high F = 55.8|Feb high F = 59.7|Mar high F = 66.9|Apr high F = 73.4|May high F = 80.9|Jun high F = 89.3|Jul high F = 87.4|Aug high F = 84.8|Sep high F = 81.6|Oct high F = 74.9|Nov high F = 64.0|Dec high F = 56.2|Jan mean F = 44.0|Feb mean F = 47.2|Mar mean F = 52.6|Apr mean F = 58.7|May mean F = 66.0|Jun mean F = 74.7|Jul mean F = 75.3|Aug mean F = 72.9|Sep mean F = 69.0|Oct mean F = 61.3|Nov mean F = 51.4|Dec mean F = 44.4|year mean F = |Jan low F = 32.2|Feb low F = 34.7|Mar low F = 38.2|Apr low F = 44.0|May low F = 51.2|Jun low F = 60.1|Jul low F = 63.2|Aug low F = 61.1|Sep low F = 56.5|Oct low F = 47.7|Nov low F = 38.8|Dec low F = 32.6| Jan avg record low F = 20.0| Feb avg record low F = 22.0| Mar avg record low F = 26.3| Apr avg record low F = 31.2| May avg record low F = 39.2| Jun avg record low F = 51.0| Jul avg record low F = 57.1| Aug avg record low F = 55.4| Sep avg record low F = 48.7| Oct avg record low F = 35.3| Nov avg record low F = 26.3| Dec avg record low F = 20.1| year avg record low F = 16.2|Jan record low F = 10|Feb record low F = 2|Mar record low F = 18|Apr record low F = 22|May record low F = 26|Jun record low F = 37|Jul record low F = 51|Aug record low F = 46|Sep record low F = 35|Oct record low F = 19|Nov record low F = 12|Dec record low F = 8|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation inch = 1.31|Feb precipitation inch = 1.14|Mar precipitation inch = 0.88|Apr precipitation inch = 0.19|May precipitation inch = 0.28|Jun precipitation inch = 0.48|Jul precipitation inch = 3.81|Aug precipitation inch = 4.25|Sep precipitation inch = 1.98|Oct precipitation inch = 0.98|Nov precipitation inch = 0.74|Dec precipitation inch = 1.07|year precipitation inch = 17.11|Jan precipitation days = 4.5|Feb precipitation days = 4.5|Mar precipitation days = 2.8|Apr precipitation days = 1.3|May precipitation days = 1.0|Jun precipitation days = 3.2|Jul precipitation days = 13.5|Aug precipitation days = 12.5|Sep precipitation days = 6.5|Oct precipitation days = 3.5|Nov precipitation days = 2.8|Dec precipitation days = 4.2|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch|Jan snow inch = 1.4|Feb snow inch = 0.4|Mar snow inch = 0.6|Apr snow inch = 0.1|May snow inch = 0.0|Jun snow inch = 0.0|Jul snow inch = 0.0|Aug snow inch = 0.0|Sep snow inch = 0.0|Oct snow inch = 0.0|Nov snow inch = 0.2|Dec snow inch = 0.6|year snow inch = 3.3|Jan snow days = 0.5|Feb snow days = 0.3|Mar snow days = 0.3|Apr snow days = 0.1|May snow days = 0.0|Jun snow days = 0.0|Jul snow days = 0.0|Aug snow days = 0.0|Sep snow days = 0.0|Oct snow days = 0.0|Nov snow days = 0.1|Dec snow days = 0.4|year snow days =Demographics
{{US Census population|1890= 1535|1910= 9019|1920= 9205|1930= 8023|1940= 5853|1950= 3801|1960= 9914|1970= 8328|1980= 7154|1990= 6288|2000= 6090|2010= 5575|2020= 4923|align-fn=centerArts and culture
(File:Bisbee 1000 The Great Stair Climb (49452429843).jpg|thumb|Mural for the Bisbee 1000 Stair Climb)The Bisbee 1000 Stair Climb is a five-kilometer run through the city that traverses 1,034 stairs. Billed as "the most unique physical fitness challenge in the USA!" by the organizers,Bisbee 1000 Stairs site {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007192738weblink |date=October 7, 2008 }}. Retrieved March 12, 2010. the Climb includes runners being serenaded by musicians at various locations among the stairs. The event has grown to include the Ice Man Competition, designed to honor the history of men delivering blocks of ice by hand before the advent of refrigeration. In the Ice Man Competition, entrants race up 155 steps carrying a ten-pound block of ice with antique ice tongs.Bisbee hosts an annual Blues festival, occurring in 2015 during the second week of September. The festival effectively lengthens the tourist season, and provides a large amount of business to local bars and breweries.WEB, 11th Annual Bisbee Blues Festival â September 11th â 13th, 2015,weblink 11th Annual Bisbee Blues Festival, December 17, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151222084555weblink">weblink December 22, 2015, dead,Sites of interest
- Bisbee Municipal Airport
- The Central School, built in 1905, was once an elementary school and now functions as an art center.
- The Cochise County Courthouse is built in the Art Deco style.
- The Copper Queen Mine was once a major copper producer and can be toured daily.
- The Phelps Dodge General Office Building, a National Historic Landmark, is now the Bisbee Mining & Historical Museum
- The Lavender Pit is an inactive open pit mine site in the center of the city.
- Warren Ballpark, a baseball stadium built in 1909, has housed a number of professional teams and may be baseball's oldest park still in use.
Sports
Bisbee joined with Clifton in forming a cricket team that travelled to Santa Monica, California, in 1908 to play the Santa Monica Cricket Club in two games overlooking the Pacific Ocean on the grounds of the Polo Field. The miners lost both cricket games.David Sentence, Cricket in America 1710â2000 (McFarland: N.Carolina, 2006) 192 The Copper Echo reported that Bennie, the general manager of the Shannon Company Copper Mine, was the miners' best cricketer.Bisbee was home to a minor league baseball franchise. The Bisbee Bees played as members of the Arizona State League and Arizona-Texas League.WEB,weblink Bisbee, Arizona Encyclopedia, Baseball-Reference.com,Government
Bisbee is governed via the mayor-council system. The city council consists of six members who are elected from three wards, each ward elects two members. The mayor is elected in a direct citywide vote.WEB,weblink Bisbee, AZ â Official Website, www.bisbeeaz.gov, December 5, 2016, In 2013, the city council received public notoriety when it proposed same-sex civil unions and shortly after became the first municipality in Arizona to pass a civil union law.NEWS,weblink Arizona city poised to pass state's first civil union ordinance, Gaynor, Tim, U.S., July 27, 2018, en-US, NEWS,weblink Arizona town approves same-sex civil unions; Ariz. AG threatens legal action, July 27, 2018, en, The state's Attorney General, Tom Horne, threatened to sue, but decided against it after Bisbee amended the ordinance; the civil union ordinance came into effect July 5, 2013.NEWS,weblink Bisbee OKs same-sex civil unions, but only 4 couples say 'I do', Carcamo, Cindy, August 19, 2013, Los Angeles Times, July 27, 2018, en-US, 0458-3035, "Bisbee was the first in Arizona to approve civil unions, with Tucson, Jerome and Clarkdale following."NEWS,weblink Cottonwood latest to approve civil unions, Associated Press, December 19, 2013, KNXV, July 27, 2018, en-US,weblink November 16, 2018, dead,Infrastructure
Transportation
The City of Bisbee administers the Bisbee Bus System which is in fact operated by the City of Douglas under contract, with regularly scheduled services from Monday through Saturday within Bisbee and to Naco; One-way fare is $1;WEB,weblink Bisbee Bus â Schedule and Fare, The City of Douglas also operates the Cochise Connection, with regular shuttle services between Douglas, Bisbee, and Sierra Vista; One-way fare is $3â4.WEB,weblink Cochise Connection â City of Douglas, October 20, 2018,Notable people
- Buster Adams, professional baseball player
- Betty Bays (1931â1992), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
- Ben Chase, NFL player
- Gib Dawson, NFL player
- James Douglas, Canadian metallurgist and founder of the Copper Queen Mine
- Lewis Williams Douglas (1894â1974), politician, businessman diplomat and academic
- M. J. Frankovich, UCLA quarterback, movie producer (The Shootist, Cactus Flower)
- Jess Hartley, author, blogger and game designer for White Wolf Games
- Earl Hindman, actor, best known for portraying Wilson W. Wilson Jr. on the sitcom Home Improvement, was born in Bisbee in 1942
- J. A. Jance, author
- Jake LaMotta ("The Raging Bull"), former middleweight prizefighting champion, made Bisbee one of his homes in retirement
- Clarence Maddern, professional baseball player ca. 1946â1951
- James F. McNulty Jr. (1925â2009), member of the U.S. House of Representatives
- William Milam, diplomat and former US Ambassador to Pakistan and Bangladesh
- Paul Newman, Corporation Commissioner, former state representative, former Cochise County Supervisor
- Richard Shelton, author
- William P. Sims, Arizona state senator
- Doug Stanhope, comedian and writerWEB,weblink 12 Celebrities Who Live in Arizona, May 6, 2014, Leatherman, Benjamin, September 25, 2014, Phoenix New Times,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140925144220weblink">weblink September 25, 2014,
- Betsy Thornton, writer
- Dawson Trotman, (1906â1956) Founder of The Navigators Born in Bisbee
- Ken Westerfield, disc sports (Frisbee) pioneer, hall of fame, showman, promoterWEB,weblink TUC Hall of Fame Ken Westerfield, Toronto Ultimate Club, October 22, 2014,
- Jack Williamson, science-fiction writer, born 1908, in Bisbee
- Peter Young, artist
In popular culture
(File:Bisbee, Arizona at night (2235999775).jpg|thumb|Historic Old Bisbee at night, 2008)Film and television
- The 2018 documentary Bisbee '17 chronicled the Bisbee Deportation on the 100th anniversary of the incident.NEWS,weblink 'Bisbee '17' Trailer: Robert Greene's Haunting Documentary Follows a Border Town Grappling With a Terrible Past, Kate Erbland, June 27, 2018, Indiewire,
- Violent Saturday (1955) was filmed in Bisbee
- In L.A. Confidential, Lynn Bracken (played by Kim Basinger) is from Bisbee, as revealed by the hand-embroidered cushion in her bedroom.
- In Curb Your Enthusiasm, the biological parents of the fictional version of Larry David are from Bisbee.
Novels
- J. A. Jance's Joanna Brady novels are often set in Bisbee.
Video game
- The fictional town of Paradise, Arizona from the 2003 video game Postal 2 is based on Bisbee.
See also
- Arizona Cactus Botanical Garden
- Bisbee-Douglas International Airport
- Bisbee Riot
- List of historic properties in Bisbee, Arizona
- Southeastern Arizona Bird Observatory
- {{USS|Bisbee|PF-46|6}}
- WarrenâBisbee Railway
References
{{Reflist}}Further reading
- Martinelli, Phylis Cancilla. Undermining Race: Ethnic Identities in Arizona Copper Camps, 1880â1920 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009). xii, 225 pp. {{ISBN|978-0-8165-2745-8}}
- Graeme, R.W., 1987, "Bisbee, Arizona's Dowager Queen of Mining Camps; A Look at Her First 50 Years", in History of Mining in Arizona, vol. 1. Full text: weblink
External links
{{Commons category|Bisbee, Arizona}}{{Collier's Poster|Bisbee}}{{wikivoyage|Bisbee}}- NSRW, x, Bisbee,
- {{GNIS|1436}}
- Warren â ghosttowns.com
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