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{{Short description|Office building in Manhattan, New York}}{{About|the current building on the site completed in 2006|the original structure destroyed on September 11, 2001|7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)}}{{featured article}}{{Use American English|date = April 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}

factoids

| completion_date = 2006| opened = May 23, 2006| location = 250 Greenwich StreetManhattan, New York City 10006, United States40.7133region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}| map_type = | building_type = Office743mWORK=COUNCIL ON TALL BUILDINGS AND URBAN HABITAT ARCHIVE-DATE=JUNE 12, 2020 URL-STATUS=LIVE, 741m7 World Trade Center {{webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211193617weblink |date=December 11, 2013}}, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill679m|abbr=on}}Building Tenants {{webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205085010weblink |date=February 5, 2017}}, Silverstein Properties *| elevator_count = 291681118m2abbr=on}}David Childs of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill>SOMWSP Global>WSP Cantor Seinuk| developer = Silverstein Properties| engineer = Jaros, Baum & Bolles (MEP)| website = 7 World Trade Center, wtc.com| references = Tishman Realty & Construction>Tishman Construction}}7 World Trade Center (7 WTC, WTC-7, or Tower 7) is an office building constructed as part of the new World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The tower is located on a city block bounded by Greenwich, Vesey, Washington, and Barclay Streets on the east, south, west, and north, respectively. 7 World Trade Center was developed by Larry Silverstein, who holds a ground lease for the site from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.The building was constructed to replace the original structure on the site, part of the original World Trade Center. The previous structure, completed in 1987, was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001. Construction of the new {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center began in 2002 and was completed on May 23, 2006. The building is {{nowrap|52 stories}} tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 64th-tallest in New York. It is built on a smaller footprint than the original; a small park across Greenwich Street occupies space that was part of the original building's footprint.The current building's design emphasizes safety, with a reinforced concrete core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing on steel columns. It also incorporates numerous green design features. The building received the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification and was part of the council's pilot program for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Core and Shell Development (LEED-CS).WEB,weblink About the WTC, Wtc.com, May 14, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110528045715weblink">weblink May 28, 2011, live,

History

The original 7 World Trade Center was a 47-story skyscraper with a red granite facade.BOOK, Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Structural and Life Safety Systems (NCSTAR 1-1), National Institute of Standards and Technology, 13, Lew, H.S., Richard W., Bukowski, Nicholas J., Carino, September 2005, WEB,weblink Emporis.com, Seven World Trade Center (pre-9/11), May 7, 2006, April 28, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060428020754weblink">weblink dead, It opened in 1987 as part of the original World Trade Center building complex.WEB,weblink History of the World Trade Center, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, May 26, 2015, June 7, 2015,weblink dead, The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks caused the collapse of the World Trade Center; falling debris from the collapsing 110-story Twin Towers destroyed or severely damaged nearby buildings, including 7 World Trade Center, which collapsed shortly thereafter.NEWS, Glanz, James, Lipton, Eric, February 12, 2002, Rescuing the Buildings Beyond Ground Zero, en-US, The New York Times,weblink live, September 10, 2022,weblink April 1, 2019, 0362-4331, {{Stack|float=left|(File:WTC Building Arrangement in preliminary site plan.svg|thumb|upright|left|Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild)}}{{New World Trade Center}}

Construction

(File:Construction 7wtc.jpg|thumb|upright|7 World Trade Center construction in October 2004)The construction phase of the new 7 World Trade Center began on May 7, 2002, with the installation of a fence around the construction site. Restoring the Consolidated Edison substation was an urgent priority to meet power demands of Lower Manhattan; the utility stated that it need to replace four of the ten destroyed transformers by 2003.NEWS, Dunlap, David W, April 11, 2002, 21st-Century Plans, but Along 18th-Century Paths, The New York Times,weblink live, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080325193831weblink">weblink March 25, 2008, 0362-4331, Because 7 World Trade Center is separate from the main {{convert|16|acre|ha|adj=on}} World Trade Center site, Larry Silverstein required approval only from the landowner, the Port Authority, before he could rebuild the tower.NEWS, Developer's Pace at 7 World Trade Center Upsets Some, The New York Times, 0362-4331, January 31, 2002, Bagli, Charles V,weblink February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080325201844weblink">weblink March 25, 2008, live, Construction of the power substation was completed in October 2003, and the substation went into service in May 2004.WEB, Dunlap, David W., May 25, 2004, A New Source Of Power Rises Over Ground Zero,weblink December 8, 2023, The New York Times, 0362-4331, December 8, 2023,weblink live, Work next proceeded on the office tower itself. An unusual approach was used in constructing the building; erecting the steel frame before adding the concrete core. This approach allowed the construction schedule to be shortened by a few months.NEWS, Strategy for Seven World Trade Center Exceeds Expectations, Post, Nadine M, Engineering News Record, September 12, 2005,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051210044447weblink">weblink December 10, 2005, February 17, 2008, By July 2005, American Express Financial Advisors was planning to lease {{convert|20000|ft2}} of space, making it the building's first tenant.WEB, Fried, Joseph P., 7 World Trade Center Is Said to Be Close to Signing Its First Tenant, The New York Times, July 26, 2005,weblink December 8, 2023, 0362-4331, December 8, 2023,weblink live, WEB, Lisberg, Adam, AMEX IS ON WAY TO 7 WTC. It'll be first real tenant, New York Daily News, July 25, 2005,weblink December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, Although Silverstein intended for the building's design to attract tenants, he wanted occupants to pay {{cvt|50|$/ft2}} to lease space by 2005, which New York magazine called "easily the highest price in lower Manhattan".Construction was completed in 2006 at a cost of $700 million.NEWS, May 17, 2006, Major Step at Ground Zero: 7 World Trade Center Opening, Architectural Record,weblink February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060522024049weblink">weblink May 22, 2006, Though Silverstein received $861 million from insurance on the old building, he owed more than $400 million on its mortgage.NEWS, Herman, Eric, May 31, 2002, No Tenants for New 7 WTC, Construction to Begin with Financing in Doubt, Daily News (New York), Costs to rebuild were covered by $475 million in Liberty Bonds, which provide tax-exempt financing to help stimulate rebuilding in Lower Manhattan and insurance money that remained after other expenses.NEWS, Pristin, Terry, July 12, 2006, A Pot of Tax-Free Bonds for Post-9/11 Projects Is Empty, The New York Times,weblink live, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090423101613weblink">weblink April 23, 2009, 0362-4331, A {{convert|15,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} triangular park was created between the extended Greenwich Street and West Broadway by David Childs with Ken Smith and his colleague, Annie Weinmayr, of Ken Smith Landscape Architect. The park comprises an open central plaza with a fountain and flanking groves of sweetgum trees and boxwood shrubs.NEWS,weblink A Prism with Prose â€” Seven World Trade Center, Collins, Glenn, July–August 2006, Update Unbound, New York Academy of Science, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080225092859weblink">weblink February 25, 2008, dead, At the center of the fountain, sculptor Jeff Koons created a {{convert|9|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} stainless steel sculpture called Balloon Flower (Red).WEB, Luster of 7 World Trade Center Has Tattered Reminder of 9/11, The New York Times, 0362-4331, May 24, 2006, Dunlap, David W,weblink March 20, 2017, March 22, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170322112331weblink">weblink live,

Completion and early years

2000s

The building was officially opened on May 23, 2006.WEB, Stevenson, Peter, May 23, 2006, Building Opens At 7 World Trade Center,weblink December 9, 2023, CBS News, December 9, 2023,weblink live, The opening was marked by a free concert featuring Suzanne Vega, Citizen Cope, Bill Ware Vibes, Brazilian Girls, Ollabelle, Pharaoh's Daughter, Ronan Tynan (of the Irish Tenors), and special guest Lou Reed.WEB,weblink 7 World Trade Center Opens with Musical Fanfare, Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), May 22, 2006, July 27, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070809115805weblink">weblink August 9, 2007, dead, NEWS, Westfeldt, Amy, May 23, 2006, First Rebuilt Skyscraper at WTC Opens, en-US, The Washington Post,weblink live, April 23, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180424071647weblink">weblink April 24, 2018, 0190-8286, Prior to its opening, in March 2006, the new building was used as a filming location for the movie Perfect Stranger.NEWS,weblink Under Cover, Tower 7 is no 'Stranger' to fame, March 2006, Downtown Express, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080221224329weblink">weblink February 21, 2008, live, The building was 10 percent leased by August 2006.NEWS,weblink 9/11: Five Years Later: 7 World Trade Open For Business, Lacking Tenants, NY1 News, August 31, 2006, Spitz, Rebecca, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080215011910weblink">weblink February 15, 2008, dead, Several of the unoccupied upper floors were used for events such as charity lunches, fashion shows, and black-tie galas. Silverstein Properties allowed space in the new building to be used for these events as a means to draw people to see the building.NEWS,weblink The City's Hottest Event Space? Try 7 World Trade Center, Birkner, Gabrielle, New York Sun, May 14, 2007, February 17, 2008, March 30, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080330082012weblink">weblink live, From September 8 to October 7, 2006, the work of photographer Jonathan Hyman was displayed in "An American Landscape", a free exhibit hosted by the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation,JOURNAL, Turner, Kay, Merrill, James, 2009, September 11: The Burden of the Ephemeral,weblink Western Folklore, 68, 2/3, 197–198, 40600535, 0043-373X, December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, on the 45th floor of 7 World Trade Center.WEB, Lipton, Jeff, 9/11 museum takes shapeFormer Five Towner leads creation of memorial, Herald Community Newspapers, September 7, 2006,weblink December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, The exhibit consisted of 63 photographs that captured Americans' responses after the September 11 attacks.NEWS, The Associated Press, Two Photo Exhibits Open Near WTC Site, The Denver Post, August 8, 2006,weblink December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, WEB, Davis, Nicole, Moving on, despite the pull of the past, at 9/11 exhibit, amNewYork, August 31, 2006,weblink December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, In September 2006, Moody's signed a 20-year lease for 15 floors at 7 World Trade Center;See:NEWS,weblink's+signs+on+dotted+line+at+7WTC.-a0152640728, Moody's signs on dotted line at 7WTC, Real Estate Weekly, September 20, 2006, May 5, 2022, January 20, 2022,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Pricey Midtown Rents Mean Big Tenant for 7 WTC, June 20, 2006, Gothamist, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080221134128weblink">weblink February 21, 2008, dead, prior to Moody's lease, only eight floors had been occupied.WEB, Bagli, Charles V., 7 World Trade Center Gets a Major Tenant, The New York Times, June 20, 2006,weblink December 8, 2023, 0362-4331, December 8, 2023,weblink live, Other tenants that had signed leases in 7 World Trade Center in its first two years included ABN AMRO,WEB, Lower Manhattan: A Relative Bargain but Filling Up Fast, The New York Times, 0362-4331, February 28, 2007, Pristin, Terry,weblink March 20, 2017, March 22, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170322112257weblink">weblink live, Ameriprise Financial Inc., DRW Trading Group,WEB, April 10, 2007, 7 World Trade Snags Two New Leases,weblink December 8, 2023, Observer, December 8, 2023,weblink live, publisher Mansueto Ventures,WEB, Sosnowski, Tom, July 26, 2006, 7 WTC Inks Mansueto to 40,000 SF,weblink December 8, 2023, GlobeSt, December 8, 2023,weblink live, WEB, Dunlap, David W., October 30, 2006, For Science Academy, Move to World Trade Center Is Like Going Home,weblink December 8, 2023, The New York Times, 0362-4331, December 8, 2023,weblink live, and the New York Academy of Sciences. Silverstein Properties also had offices and the Silver Suites executive office suites at 7 World Trade Center.NEWS, Seeing Big Promise in Manhattan Corporate Apartments,weblink Levere, Jane, January 29, 2013, April 30, 2013, The New York Times, 0362-4331, March 4, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130304083757weblink">weblink live, Architectural and engineering firms working on 1 World Trade Center, 150 Greenwich Street, 175 Greenwich Street, and 200 Greenwich Street also set up offices in the building.See:NEWS,weblink What a View to Behold, And It's Really Something, The New York Times, 0362-4331, January 25, 2007, Dunlap, David W, February 4, 2017, March 22, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170322112619weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Behind the Scenes, Three Towers Take Shape, The New York Times, 0362-4331, January 18, 2007, Dunlap, David W,weblink February 4, 2017, March 22, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170322112251weblink">weblink live, Two-thirds of the building's office space had been leased by April 2007. After ABN AMRO was acquired by the Royal Bank of Scotland, forex services provider FXDD subleased some of the Royal Bank of Scotland's space in 2009.WEB, Geminder, Emily, November 30, 2009, Midtown, Schmidtown! Currency Trader FXDD Subleases 40K Feet in 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, Observer, July 28, 2022,weblink live,

2010s to present

The law firm WilmerHale signed {{Convert|200,000|ft2}} at the building in April 2011.WEB, Colvin, Jill, April 5, 2011, Law Firm Signs City's First 'Green Lease' for 7 World Trade Center,weblink December 8, 2023, DNAinfo New York, December 8, 2023,weblink dead, The building became fully leased that September after MSCI agreed to occupy {{convert|125,000|sqft|m2}} on the top floor;WEB, Chaban, Matt, Zero Ground: 7 World Trade Center Now Fully Leased, Observer, September 19, 2011,weblink August 20, 2022, August 20, 2022,weblink live, WEB, 7 World Trade Center Skyscraper Fully Leased, NBC New York, September 19, 2011,weblink August 20, 2022, August 20, 2022,weblink live, other tenants at the time included FXDD, WilmerHale, and the bank WestLB.WEB, September 19, 2011, 7 WTC fully leased as MSCI signs for 125,000 square feet,weblink December 8, 2023, The Real Deal, December 8, 2023,weblink live, Following this, Silverstein announced in 2012 that he would refinance the building with a $452.8 million Liberty bond issue and a $125 million commercial mortgage-backed security loan.WEB, Hlavenka, Jacqueline, March 19, 2012, Silverstein To Refinance $577M in Bonds at 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, GlobeSt, July 29, 2022,weblink live, NEWS, Brown, Eliot, March 19, 2012, For Silverstein, Time to Celebrate, en-US, The Wall Street Journal,weblink July 28, 2022, 0099-9660, June 30, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120630000733weblink">weblink live, At the time, the building was valued at $940 million, in large part because it was fully occupied. FXDD subleased its space to engineering company Permasteelisa in 2015WEB, Santani, Hitem, March 4, 2015, A firm key to the rebuilding of 7WTC will now call it home,weblink July 28, 2022, The Real Deal New York, en-US, July 28, 2022,weblink live, and artificial intelligence firm IPsoft in 2016.WEB, Cullen, Terence, June 9, 2016, Artificial Intelligence Company IPsoft Takes 27K SF at 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, Commercial Observer, July 28, 2022,weblink live, The building was 94.8 percent occupied by 2017. By then, roughly three-quarters of the space was occupied by four tenants, including Moody's, the Royal Bank of Scotland, and WilmerHale.WEB, Gourarie, Chava, December 1, 2017, Fitch upgrades CMBS debt on 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, The Real Deal New York, July 28, 2022,weblink live, Wedding planning company ZolaWEB, Kim, Betsy, January 17, 2019, Zola Gets Hitched to 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, GlobeSt, July 29, 2022,weblink live, and the building's own architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill both leased space at 7 WTC in early 2019.WEB, Baird-Remba, Rebecca, May 6, 2019, Architecture Firm SOM Nails Down 80K SF at 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, Commercial Observer, July 28, 2022,weblink live, This was followed in July 2019 by luxury drink brand Moët HennessyWEB, Rizzi, Nicholas, July 2, 2019, Moët Hennessy Ditching Chelsea for 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, Commercial Observer, July 28, 2022,weblink live, WEB, July 11, 2019, Itʼs raining deals at 7 World Trade Center,weblink July 28, 2022, Real Estate Weekly, July 28, 2022,weblink live, and media company AccuWeather. After Mansueto Ventures and three other firms leased space at 7 WTC in April 2022, the building was 97 percent occupied.WEB, Young, Celia, April 7, 2022, Publisher, Investment Manager Each Take 40K SF at 7 WTC,weblink July 28, 2022, Commercial Observer, July 29, 2022,weblink live, WEB, April 9, 2022, Silverstein Properties signs four leases at 7 World Trade Center,weblink July 28, 2022, Real Estate Weekly, July 28, 2022,weblink live, Shortly afterward, Silverstein Properties refinanced the property with a $458 million loan from Goldman Sachs.WEB, April 7, 2022, Silverstein Scores $458M Refinancing at 7 World Trade Center,weblink July 28, 2022, The Real Deal New York, en-US, May 18, 2022,weblink live, WEB, Morphy, Erika, April 7, 2022, 7 World Trade Center Lands 104k-SF in Leases; Secures $457.5M Refi,weblink July 28, 2022, GlobeSt, July 29, 2022,weblink live, (File:7 World Trade Center.jpg|thumb|7 World Trade Center looking from the southwest in 2008.)

Architecture

The new 7 World Trade Center has 52 stories and is {{convert|741|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.See:WEB, 7 World Trade Center,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091230021527weblink">weblink December 30, 2009, January 9, 2010, World Trade Center, NEWS, Ramirez, Anthony, September 30, 2004, Construction Worker Dies in Fall at Trade Center Site, The New York Times,weblink live, May 20, 2008,weblink May 5, 2022, 0362-4331, The building has 42 floors of leasable space, starting at the 11th floor, and a total of {{convert|1.7|e6sqft|m2|abbr=unit}} of office space.WEB, Seven World Trade Center (post-9/11),weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070929224333weblink">weblink September 29, 2007, November 22, 2007, Emporis.com, The first ten floors house an electrical substation which provides power to much of Lower Manhattan. The office tower has a narrower footprint at ground level than did its predecessor, so the course of Greenwich Street could be restored to reunite TriBeCa and the Financial District. The original building, on the other hand, had bordered West Broadway on the east, necessitating the destruction of Greenwich Street between Barclay Street and the northern border of the World Trade Center superblock.

Facade

(File:wtc7-lookingup.jpg|thumb|upright|The new 7 World Trade Center from the ground)David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill worked in conjunction with glass artist and designer James Carpenter to create a design that uses ultra-clear, low-iron glass to provide reflectivity and light.WEB, Collins, Glenn, June 27, 2005, Built to Be Noticed, and to Return the Favor,weblink December 8, 2023, The New York Times, 0362-4331, December 8, 2023,weblink live, There are stainless-steel spandrels behind the glass to help reflect sunlight. The spandrels are textured and are curved in a manner that reflects light both from each story's window sills and from the sky. On the lower stories, there are {{convert|15|by|5|ft|adj=on}} panels with steel triangular prisms. There are 130,000 prisms in total, which are tilted at different angles to reflect natural light from the sky. The window panes on the upper floors are {{Convert|13.6|ft}} high and are made of white glass with low concentrations of iron. Stainless steel used in the facade is molybdenum-containing Type 316, which provides improved resistance to corrosion.JOURNAL, Houska, Catherine, January 2004, New 7 World Trade Center Uses Type 316 Stainless Steel, International Molybdenum Association News Letter, 4–6, The new 7 World Trade Center was built above the Con Edison substation.BOOK, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Architecture of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, 1997-2008, 2009, Monacelli Press, 978-1-58093-224-0, New York, 138, 299708729, When the current building was constructed, the transformer vaults were rearranged into an {{convert|80|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} shell at the building's base. To enclose the power substation and improve its aesthetics, the base of the building has a curtain wall with stainless steel louvers that provide ventilation for the machinery.NEWS, Blum, Andrew, March 28, 2006, A World of Light and Glass, BusinessWeek,weblink dead, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080324231124weblink">weblink March 24, 2008, The transformers each weigh {{convert|168|ST|LT t}} and are {{convert|20|ft}} tall. There are also radiators with vertical cooling blades facing the street, which in turn cool down the transformers.There is a cable-net glass wall on the eastern elevation of the facade, just above the Greenwich Street entrance.BOOK, Hill, John,weblink Guide To Contemporary New York City Architecture, WW Norton, 2011, 978-0-393-73326-6, Architecture / regional, 27, December 8, 2023, December 8, 2023,weblink live, This cable-net wall measures {{convert|50|by|110|ft}} across. During the day, the curtain wall reflects light, while at night it is illuminated by blue and white LED lights.BOOK, Marpillero, Sandro, James Carpenter: Environmental Refractions, Frampton, Kenneth, Schlaich, Jorg, Princeton Architectural Press, 2006, 1-56898-608-4, 55–70, The curtain wall has 220,000 LEDs; at night, the prisms on the facade reflect light from each LED onto the street. The curtain wall around the lobby uses heavily laminated, heat-strengthened glass that meets high standards for blast resistance.NEWS, Garmhausen, Steve, November 16, 2004, Curtain (Wall) Time, Slatin Report,weblink February 25, 2005,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050225083353weblink">weblink February 25, 2005, At night, a large cube of light above the lobby also emanates blue light, while during the day it provides white light to the lobby, and at dusk, it transitions to violet and back to blue.NEWS, July 1, 2007, 7 World Trade Center â€” Outstanding Achievement, Exterior Lighting, Architectural Lighting Magazine,weblink dead, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080321093516weblink">weblink March 21, 2008,

Features

File:Nyas lobby wtc7.jpg|thumb|New York Academy of SciencesNew York Academy of SciencesInside the main lobby, artist Jenny Holzer created an LED installationWEB, Kolker, Robert, April 8, 2005, The Building Everyone Will Date But No One Will Marry,weblink December 9, 2023, New York Magazine, December 9, 2023,weblink live, NEWS, Collins, Glenn, March 6, 2006, At Ground Zero, Accord Brings a Work of Art, en-US, The New York Times,weblink live, July 28, 2022,weblink July 28, 2022, 0362-4331, with glowing text moving across wide plastic panels. The wall measures {{convert|65|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall. Holzer worked with Klara Silverstein, the wife of Larry Silverstein, to select poetry for the art installation. The wall of the lobby is structurally fortified as a security measure. On the upper stories, some tenants customized the design of their spaces. The space occupied by Mansueto Ventures was designed to maximize natural light exposure and has an open floor plan.NEWS, Wilson, Claire, May 13, 2007, An Open, Sunlit Space At 7 World Trade Center, The New York Times,weblink live, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081210144311weblink">weblink December 10, 2008, 0362-4331, The 40th-floor space used by the New York Academy of Sciences was designed by H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture and includes a reception lobby with an openwork screen; a 296-seat event room; and a horizontal {{convert|72|ft|m|-long|adj=mid}} mural.7 World Trade Center is equipped with Otis destination elevators to reduce dwell times and travel times.NEWS, Angwin, Julia, Julia Angwin, November 19, 2006, No-button elevators take orders in lobby, Charleston Gazette (West Virginia), After pressing their destination floor number on a keypad in the lobby, passengers are directed to specific elevators that will stop at the selected floor; the elevator cabs do not contain buttons. The elevator system is integrated with the lobby key-card system, which can identify the floor on which an employee works, then automatically call an elevator for that floor.NEWS, Kretkowski, Paul, March 2007, First Up, ARCHI-TECH,weblink February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071013193735weblink">weblink October 13, 2007, WSP Cantor Seinuk served as structural engineer on the project, while Jaros, Baum & Bolles was the MEP engineer.REPORT,weblink NIST NCSTAR1-A: Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7, November 2008, National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 11, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110721055820weblink">weblink July 21, 2011, live, Nearly 30 percent of structural steel used in the building consists of recycled steel.NEWS, Pogrebin, Robin, April 16, 2006, 7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers, en-US, The New York Times,weblink live, July 28, 2022,weblink December 11, 2020, 0362-4331, Rainwater is collected and used for irrigation of the park and to cool the building. Along with other sustainable design features, the building is designed to allow in plenty of natural light, power is metered to tenants to encourage them to conserve energy, the heating steam is reused to generate some power for the building, and recycled materials are used for insulation and interior materials.NEWS, DePalma, Anthony, January 20, 2004, At Ground Zero, Rebuilding With Nature in Mind, The New York Times,weblink live, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080326222147weblink">weblink March 26, 2008, 0362-4331, The building was promoted as one of the safest skyscrapers in the U.S. upon its completionWEB, Downtown Construction and Building Information,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060517100513weblink">weblink May 17, 2006, May 22, 2006, Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center, According to Silverstein Properties, it "incorporate[s] a host of life-safety enhancements that will become the prototype for new high-rise construction."PRESS RELEASE, Silverstein Properties Names CB Richard Ellis to Serve as Exclusive Leasing Agent for 7 World Trade Center, Silverstein Properties, September 28, 2004, The building has {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=mid|-thick}} reinforced-concrete and fireproofed elevator and stairway access shafts. The original building used only drywall to line these shafts.NEWS, Reiss, Matthew, March 2003, Shortcuts to Safety, Metropolis Magazine / Skyscraper Safety Campaign,weblink dead, February 17, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160303183820weblink">weblink March 3, 2016, The stairways are wider than in the original building to permit faster egress.

See also

• List of tallest buildings in New York City
• World Trade Center in popular culture

{{Clear}}

References

{{reflist|1=30em}}

External links

{{Commons category}}

• 7 World Trade Center at SilversteinProperties.com
• 7 World Trade Center on CTBUH Skyscraper Center

{{World Trade Center}}{{Financial District, Manhattan}}{{Authority control}}