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Witold's Report
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{{Short description|First source document about the Auschwitz concentration camp}}{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}File:Witold Pilecki in color.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Witold PileckiWitold PileckiWitold's Report, also known as Pilecki's Report, is a report about the Auschwitz concentration camp written in 1943 by Witold Pilecki, a Polish military officer and member of the Polish resistance. Pilecki volunteered in 1940 to be imprisoned in Auschwitz to organize a resistance movement and send out information about the camp. He escaped from Auschwitz in April 1943. His was the first comprehensive record of a Holocaust death camp to be obtained by the Allies. The report includes details about the gas chambers, "Selektion", and sterilization experiments. It states that there were three crematoria in Auschwitz II capable of cremating 8,000 people daily.BOOK, Hilberg, Raul, Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, Yale University Press, 2003 republication, 1212, 1961, Pilecki's Report preceded and complemented the Auschwitz Protocols, compiled from late 1943, which warned about the mass murder and other atrocities taking place at the camp. The Auschwitz Protocols comprise the Polish Major's Report by Jerzy Tabeau, who escaped with Roman Cieliczko on 19 November 1943 and compiled a report between December 1943 and January 1944; the Vrba-Wetzler report; and the Rosin-Mordowicz report.BOOK, London has been informedâ: reports by Auschwitz escapees, 94, Henryk Åwiebocki, Henryk Åwiebocki, 1997, Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 83-85047-60-3, The chronological order begins with the 'Polish Major's Report,' Jerzy Tabeau's text from his Polish manuscript, which the ... still in the camp, the memoirs of August Kowalczyk, or the accounts of the late Stanisiaw Chybinski and Witold Pilecki., - the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
Background
On 9 November 1939, after the Polish Army had been defeated in the invasion of Poland, Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki, together with his commander, Major Jan WÅodarkiewicz, founded the Secret Polish Army (Tajna Armia Polska, TAP).BOOK, Kazimierz, Malinowski, Tajna Armia Polska. Znak. Konfederacja Zbrojna. Zarys genezy, organizacji i dziaÅalnoÅci, Warszawa, 1986, 83-211-0791-5, pl, In 1940 Pilecki presented to his superiors a plan to enter Germany's Auschwitz concentration camp, gather intelligence on the camp, and organize inmate resistance.BOOK, Jacek, PawÅowicz, Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki 1901â1948, 2008, Instytut PamiÄci Narodowej, 978-83-60464-97-7, pl, At the time, little was known about how the Germans ran the camp, which appeared to operate as an internment, or large prison, camp. Pilecki's superiors approved his plan and provided him with a false identity card in the name of "Tomasz SerafiÅski".Lewis, Jon E. (1999), The Mammoth Book of True War Stories, Carroll & Graf Publishers, {{ISBN|0-7867-0629-5}}, p. 390 On 19 September 1940 he deliberately went out during a Warsaw street roundup (Åapanka) and was caught by the Germans, along with some 2,000 innocent civilians. After two days' detention in the Light Horse Guards Barracks, where prisoners suffered beatings with rubber batons, Pilecki was sent to Auschwitz and was assigned inmate number 4859.BOOK, Pilecki, Witold, The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery, 2012, Aquila Polonica (US) Ltd, USA, 978-1-60772-010-2, 460,Auschwitz
Inside the camp Pilecki organized an underground military organization (ZwiÄ zek Organizacji Wojskowej, ZOW), connected with other smaller underground organizations.WEB, Åwierczek, Lidia,weblink Rotamaster Witold Pilecki 1901â1948, The Institute of National Remembrance, 13 December 2016, BOOK, Foot, Michael Richard Daniell, M. R. D. Foot, Six Faces of Courage, Eyre Methuen, 1978, Secret agents against Nazi tyranny. Witold Pilecki, Leo Cooper, 0-413-39430-1, Pilecki planned a general uprising in Auschwitz and hoped that the Allies would drop arms or troops into the camp (most likely the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, based in Great Britain), and that the Home Army would organize an assault on the camp from outside. In 1943, the Gestapo redoubled its efforts to ferret out ZOW members, succeeding in killing many of them.BOOK, Garlinski, Jozef, Fighting Auschwitz: The Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp, Fawcett, 1975, 191â197, Pilecki decided to break out of the camp, hoping to personally convince Home Army leaders about his idea of the uprising in Auschwitz. On the night of April 26/27, 1943, Pilecki made a daring escape from the camp, but the Home Army did not accept his insurgency plan, as the Allies considered his reports about the Holocaust exaggerated.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}Report
ZOW's intelligence network inside the camp started to send regular reports to the Home Army starting in October 1940. Beginning in November 1940, the first information about genocide occurring in the camp was sent via ZOW to the Home Army headquarters in Warsaw.BOOK, Adam, Cyra, Adam Cyra, Józef, GarliÅski, Ochotnik do Auschwitz: Witold Pilecki 1901â48, Volunteer for Auschwitz, OÅwiÄcim, 2000, 83-912000-3-5, From March 1941 onwards Witold Pilecki's messages were forwarded to the Polish government in exile in London and, through it, to the British government and other Allied governments. These reports informed the Allies about the unfolding Holocaust and were the principal source of intelligence on Auschwitz-Birkenau for the Western Allies.BOOK, Norman, Davies, Norman Davies, Europe: A History, Oxford University Press, 1996, 0-06-097468-0, registration,weblink On June 20, 1942, four Poles, {{Interlanguage link|Eugeniusz Bendera|pl|Eugeniusz Bendera}}, Kazimierz Piechowski, {{Interlanguage link|StanisÅaw Gustaw Jaster|pl|StanisÅaw Gustaw Jaster}} and Józef Lempart, made a daring escape from Auschwitz.Wojciech Zawadzki (2012), Przedborski, SÅownik Biograficzny, via Internet Archivweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131103214327weblink">weblink Eugeniusz Bendera (1906-po 1970)Kazimierz Piechowski, Eugenia Bożena Kodecka-KaczyÅska and MichaÅ ZióÅkowski. "ByÅem Numerem: Åwiadectwa z Auschwitz". Hardcover, Wydawnictwo Sióstr Loretanek, {{ISBN|83-7257-122-8}}Dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, fully armed and in an SS staff car, they drove out the main gate in a stolen automobile, a Steyr 220 belonging to Rudolf Höss. Jaster, a member of ZOW, carried with him a detailed report about conditions in the camp, written by Pilecki. The Germans never recaptured any of them.WEB, en.auschwitz.org.pl
, auschwitz.org.pl
, 2009-01-13
,weblink
, 2010-08-23
, dead
,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110522044837weblink">weblink
, 2011-05-22
, {{anchor|Raport W}}After his own daring escape from Auschwitz on April 27, 1943, Pilecki wrote Raport W. The report was signed by other members of the Polish underground who worked with ZOW: Aleksander Wielopolski, Stefan Bielecki, Antoni Woźniak, Aleksander PaliÅski, Ferdynand Trojnicki, Eleonora Ostrowska and Stefan MiÅkowski, and it included a section called "Teren S" which contained a list of ZOW members. Later, after his release from the German prisoner-of-war camp at Murnau in 1945, Pilecki compiled a version of the report that was over 100 pages long.WEB
, auschwitz.org.pl
, 2009-01-13
,weblink
, 2010-08-23
, dead
,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110522044837weblink">weblink
, 2011-05-22
, Pilecki, Witold, Witold Pilecki
, Kucharski, Jacek
, Witold's Report
, Volunteer for Auschwitz
, 25 May 2008, Full Text Online, Translated from Polish for the "LET'S REMINISCE ABOUT WITOLD PILECKI" ("PRZYPOMNIJMY O ROTMISTRZU") initiative
,weblink
, August 12, 2015
, The first publication of Witold's Report took place in 2000, 55 years after the war, after it was reconstructed and published by Adam Cyra in his book Rotmistrz Pilecki. Ochotnik do Auschwitz.WEB, Cyra, Adam, 26 August 2016, Raporty rtm. Witolda Pileckiego,weblink 2022-02-19, dzieje.pl, pl, WEB, Foks, Maciej, Cyra, Adam, 2020, Klucz Pileckiego wciÄ
ż czeka na odnalezienie,weblink 2022-02-19, Instytut PamiÄci Narodowej, pl, Additional documents were discovered in 2009.{{Citation|last=Tchorek|first=Kamil|title=Double life of Witold Pilecki, the Auschwitz volunteer who uncovered Holocaust secrets|date=12 March 2009|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article5891132.ece|work=The Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510023152weblink|location=London|access-date=16 March 2009|archive-date=10 May 2011}} An English translation was published in 2012 under the title (The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery).BOOK, The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery, Witold, Pilecki, Witold Pilecki, Jarek, Garlinski, Aquila Polonica, 30 April 2015, 978-1-60772-009-6, , Kucharski, Jacek
, Witold's Report
, Volunteer for Auschwitz
, 25 May 2008, Full Text Online, Translated from Polish for the "LET'S REMINISCE ABOUT WITOLD PILECKI" ("PRZYPOMNIJMY O ROTMISTRZU") initiative
,weblink
, August 12, 2015
See also
- RaczyÅski's Note
- The Polish White Book
- The Black Book of Poland
- Auschwitz Protocols
- The Volunteer (book)
- VrbaâWetzler report
- Karski's reports
- Pilecki Institute
- Bibliography of the Holocaust § Primary Sources
References
{{Reflist}}Further reading
- Adam Cyra, Ochotnik do Auschwitz. Witold Pilecki 1901â1948, {{ISBN|83-912000-3-5}}, ChrzeÅcijaÅskie Stowarzyszenie Rodzin OÅwiÄcimskich, OÅwiÄcim 2000
- Cyra, Adam Spadochroniarz Urban [Paratrooper Urban], OÅwiÄcim 2005.
- Cyra, Adam and WiesÅaw Jan Wysocki, Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki, Oficyna Wydawnicza VOLUMEN, 1997. {{ISBN|83-86857-27-7}}
- Jacek PawÅowicz, Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki 1901â1948, 2008, {{ISBN|978-83-60464-97-7}}.
- Foot, Michael Richard Daniell (2003), Six Faces of Courage. Secret agents against Nazi tyranny. Witold Pilecki, Leo Cooper, {{ISBN|0-413-39430-1}}
- Piekarski, Konstanty R. (1990), Escaping Hell: The Story of a Polish Underground Officer in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, Dundurn Press Ltd., {{ISBN|1-55002-071-4}}
- Tchorek, Kamil (March 12, 2009), Double life of Witold Pilecki, the Auschwitz volunteer who uncovered Holocaust secrets, London: The Times,weblink retrieved March 16, 2009
- Wyman, David S.; Garlinski, Jozef (December 1976), "Review: Jozef Garlinski. Fighting Auschwitz: The Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp", American Historical Review (American Historical Association) 81 (5): 1168â1169, {{doi|10.2307/1853043}}, {{ISSN|0002-8762}}
- Ciesielski E., Wspomnienia OÅwiÄcimskie [Auschwitz Memoirs], Kraków, 1968
- Garlinski, Jozef, Fighting Auschwitz: the Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp, Fawcett, 1975, {{ISBN|0-449-22599-2}}, reprinted by Time Life Education, 1993. {{ISBN|0-8094-8925-2}}
- Gawron, W. Ochotnik do OÅwiÄcimia [Volunteer for Auschwitz], Calvarianum, Auschwitz Museum, 1992
- Patricelli, M. "Il volontario" [The Volunteer], Laterza 2010, {{ISBN|88-420-9188-X}}.
- Wysocki, WiesÅaw Jan. Rotmistrz Pilecki, Pomost, 1994. {{ISBN|83-85209-42-5}}
- Kon Piekarski "Escaping Hell: The Story of a Polish Underground Officer in Auschwitz and Buchenwald", Dundurn Press Ltd., 1989, {{ISBN|1-55002-071-4}}, {{ISBN|978-1-55002-071-7}}
External links
- Staff correspondent (March 5, 1948), weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100127100332weblink">Polish Left-Wing Relations: No Fusion as Yet, London: The Times, pp. 3, retrieved March 12, 2009
- {{in lang|en}} {{YouTube|MU5ug2eTwGc|Witold Pilecki Video}}
- {{in lang|en}} WEB,weblink at Volunteer for Auschwitz, Witold Pilecki's full report, Online, Translated into English for the Let's Reminisce about Witold Pilecki initiative, May 2008,
- {{in lang|en}} The Murder of Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki
- {{in lang|pl}} weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304040212weblink">Witold Pilecki's report from Auschwitz (rtf) / mirror (HTML)
- {{in lang|pl}} Additional reports of Pilecki
- {{in lang|pl}} Andrzej M. Kobos, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110607102744weblink"> Witold Pilecki w Piekle XX Wieku, Zwoje 5 (9), 1998
- Biography of Witold Pilecki on Diapozytyw
- Józef Garlinski, The Polish Underground Movement and Auschwitz Concentration Camp, 2003
- Episodes from Auschwitz: Witolds Report. Witold Pilecki's time at Auschwitz and post-War fate presented as a graphic history.
- Meet The Man Who Sneaked Into Auschwitz.
- {{in lang|en}} Witoldâs Report from Auschwitz Download (PDF) fromweblink , 2018
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