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embed	yes| office10 = Member of the House of LordsLord Temporal| term_start10 = 28 July 1999Life Peerage| term_end10 =

|birth_name = William Arthur Waldegrave194615|df=y}}|birth_place = London, England|death_date = |death_place = Caroline Waldegrave, Baroness Waldegrave of North Hill>1975}}|children = 4Geoffrey Waldegrave, 12th Earl Waldegrave>The 12th Earl WaldegraveMary Hermione GrenfellJames Waldegrave, 13th Earl Waldegrave>The 13th Earl Waldegrave (brother)Lady Hussey of North Bradley (sister)Conservative Party (UK)>Conservative|education = Eton College |alma_mater = University of OxfordHarvard University}}}}}}William Arthur Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|PC}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɔː|l|ɡ|r|eɪ|v}}; born 15 August 1946) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as a Cabinet minister from 1990 until 1997, and is a life member of the Tory Reform Group. Since 1999, he has been a life peer in the House of Lords. Since 8 February 2009, Lord Waldegrave has been the Provost of Eton College. Additionally, he was inaugurated as Chancellor of the University of Reading on 9 December 2016.WEB,weblink University of Reading, University of Reading, Waldegrave's 2015 memoir, A Different Kind of Weather, discusses his high youthful political ambition, his political and to some extent personal life, and growing acceptance that he would not achieve his ultimate ambition. It also provides an account of the Heath, Thatcher and—to a lesser extent—Major governments, including his role in the development of the 'community charge' or poll tax. It includes a chapter entitled 'The Poll Tax – all my own work'.Waldegrave, William: A Different Kind of Weather - A Memoir, Constable (2015); {{ISBN|978-1-47211-975-9}}Waldegrave served as a Trustee (1992–2011) and Chair (2002–2011) of the Rhodes Trust, during which time he also helped to create and served as a Trustee of the Mandela Rhodes Foundation. His portrait hangs at Rhodes House, Oxford.WEB,weblink In responding to thanks, Waldegrave stresses international value of Rhodes Scholarships - The Rhodes Scholarships, Rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk, 2011-10-21, 2016-07-15, He was the Chairman of Trustees of the National Museum of Science and Industry from 2002 to 2010.WEB, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill,weblink Parliament UK website, 17 May 2015,

Early life

Bearing the title The Honourable from birth as a younger son of an Earl, Waldegrave was the youngest (by six years) of the seven children of Mary Hermione Grenfell and the 12th Earl Waldegrave, his elder brother being the present Earl. His father's title was created five generations earlier for the diplomat and ambassador James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave, whose grandfather was James II and VII.Waldegrave is the nephew of the courtier Dame Frances Campbell-Preston and one of his sisters is Lady Susan Hussey, who became Baroness Hussey of North Bradley upon her husband's elevation to the House of Lords.

Education

Waldegrave was privately educated at Eton College, where he won the Newcastle Scholarship in 1965. He then studied at the University of Oxford where he was an undergraduate student of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. During his study, he served for a term as president of the Oxford Union and the Oxford University Conservative Association.WEB, 2023-08-16, Past Presidents,weblink 2023-08-16, Oxford University Conservative Association, en-GB, Oxford was followed by Harvard University in the United States, on a Kennedy Scholarship. In 1971, he was elected a Prize Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and is now{{when|date=January 2023}} a distinguished fellow.

Early career

In 1971, Waldegrave was working at the Conservative Research Department; that March he was appointed to the Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS, also referred to as the 'Think-Tank'). "He was from the beginning one of the most active 'philosophers' of the CPRS, and the proponent of strong views about its proper roles and functions".Inside The Think Tank - Advising the Cabinet 1971–1983Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} p27 He was one of the few openly political members of the staff and was used by Victor Rothschild, head of the CPRS, as a link with both the Conservative party (then in government) and the outside, non-Civil Service world.Inside The Think Tank - Advising the Cabinet 1971–1983Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} p28 He left in December 1973.Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} Appendix 4

Parliamentary career

File:Bush Contact Sheet P14135 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Waldegrave with US President George H. W. BushGeorge H. W. BushHe was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol West in 1979. He was regarded as a member of the "wet" or moderate tendency of the Conservative Party, and despite this progressed well from the backbenches in Margaret Thatcher's government.

As junior minister

He became a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Education and Science in 1981 before moving to the Department of the Environment in 1983. He remained at Environment, becoming a Minister of State in 1985, until he became a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1988. In this post he was involved in setting policy on arms exports to Iraq; the initial draft of the Scott Report found that he had agreed in February 1989 to relax the policy, but had sent out 38 untrue letters to Members of Parliament stating that the policy was unchanged. However, Sir Richard Scott exonerated Waldegrave of "duplicitous intent" in wrongly describing the Government's policy.David Pallister, "Waldegrave: 'Untrue' letters sent to MPs", The Guardian, 16 February 1996, p. 12.

As a Cabinet minister

He was promoted to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Health in November 1990, just days before Thatcher's resignation, and remained a member of the Cabinet throughout John Major's time as Prime Minister. He became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the Cabinet Office with responsibility for public services and science in 1992, Secretary of State of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1994 and Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 1995.

As member of the House of Lords

After losing his Commons seat to Valerie Davey in the 1997 general election, he entered the House of Lords being created a life peer as Baron Waldegrave of North Hill, of Chewton Mendip in the County of Somerset, on 28 July 1999.{{London Gazette |issue=55571 |date=3 August 1999 |page=8353}}

Private sector

Lord Waldegrave was a Director of Adam & Company, a member of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, from 2017 to 2018. He has been a Director of Coutts & Company, also a member of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, since 2012. He is currently non-executive director of GW Pharmaceuticals, which is involved in the cannabis business.WEB,weblink Board of Directors | GW Pharmaceuticals, PLC, 5 October 2019, 5 October 2019,weblink dead, WEB,weblink GWPH Stock Forecast, Price & News (GW Pharmaceuticals), www.marketbeat.com,

Personal life

He is married to Caroline Burrows, cookery writer and managing director of Leith's School of Food and Wine. They have four children, Katherine, Elizabeth, James and Harriet.{{fact|date=March 2023}}Waldegrave is a trustee of Cumberland Lodge, an educational charity.WEB, Lord Waldegrave: Cumberland Lodge,weblink 24 February 2016, He is an active member of the Board of Managers for the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.WEB, The Lewis Walpole Library: Board of Managers,weblink Library.yale.edu, 2016-07-15,

Other notable events

Waldegrave attended Bilderberg Group meetings four times: 1987, 1988, 1990 and 1995.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}In 1993, when he was the British science minister Waldegrave offered a prize for the best lay explanation of the Higgs Boson. He had observed that British taxpayers were paying a lot of money (in contributions to CERN) for something very few of them understood, and he challenged UK particle physicists to explain, in a simple manner on one piece of paper, 'What is the Higgs Boson, and why do we want to find it?'NEWS, Coghlan, Andy, Rising to Waldegrave's challenge . . .,weblink New Scientist, 11 September 1993, Professor David Miller's metaphor, which he entitled "A quasi-political explanation of the Higgs boson", is probably the most quoted explanation of the Higgs Boson and won the prize:NEWS, Miller, David J, A quasi-political Explanation of the Higgs Boson,weblink

• Miller asked his listeners to imagine a room full of Conservative party workers quietly talking to one another. This represents the Higgs field in space.
• A former Conservative Prime Minister enters the room. All the workers she passes are strongly attracted to her. As she moves through the room, the cluster of admirers around her create resistance to her movement, and she becomes 'heavier'. This can be imagined as how a particle moves through the Higgs field. The field clusters around a particle, resisting its motion and giving it mass.
• If a sleazy rumour crosses the room, it creates the same sort of clustering. The workers gather together to hear the details, the cluster can move across the room as the workers pass on the details to their neighbours. This cluster is the Higgs particle or Higgs Boson.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}

Further reading

• Waldegrave, William: A Different Kind of Weather - A Memoir, Constable (2015); {{ISBN|978-1-47211-975-9}}

Arms

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References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Hansard-contribs | mr-william-waldegrave | William Waldegrave }}
• Announcement of his introduction at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 19 October 1999
• A more recent picture:weblink
• First interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 12 and 13 June 2011 (video)
• Second interview 28 June 2013 (video)

{{Secretary of State for Health}}{{Chief Secretaries to the Treasury}}{{Thatcher Ministry}}{{Major Ministry}}{{Provosts of Eton College}}{{Authority control}}