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{{short description|Capital of Liechtenstein}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}{{More citations needed|date=May 2023}}

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| imagesize = | image_caption = Panoramic, Government building, Castle of Vaduz, Tre Cavalli (literally Three Horses) sculpture, Rotes Haus (literally Red House), Cathedral of St. Florin, Liechtenstein Museum of Fine Arts, House of Parliament| image_flag = Flag of Vaduz Liechtenstein-1.svg| flag_size = 30px| image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = LIE Vaduz COA.svg| shield_size = 100px| motto = Location of Vaduz



factoids



{edih}| image_map1 = Vaduz in Liechtenstein.svg| mapsize = 150px| map_caption1 = Vaduz and its exclaves in Liechtenstein| pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = 47.1419.521region:LI-11|display=inline,title}}| subdivision_type = CountryLiechtenstein}}| subdivision_type1 = Electoral districtVillages)| subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_type4 = Oberland (electoral district)>Oberland| subdivision_name2 = Ebenholz, Mühleholz| subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | government_type = | leader_title = MayorPatriotic Union (Liechtenstein)>VU)| leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 17.28| area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 455| elevation_ft = | population_total = 5,696| population_as_of = 31-12-2019WEBSITE=LLV.LI, 13 August 2020, | population_density_km2 = auto| population_density_sq_mi = | population_note = Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein>Postal code| postal_code = 9490| area_code = 7001| iso_code = LI-11| website = www.vaduz.li| footnotes = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | timezone = CET| utc_offset = +1| timezone_DST = CEST| utc_offset_DST = +2}}(File:Vaduz, Liechtenstein.JPG|thumb|View of Vaduz from space)(File:Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Schweize Gebirge im Hintergrund - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Vaduz)Vaduz ({{IPA-de|faˈdÊŠtÍ¡s|-|Vaduz.wav}} or {{IPA-de|faˈduːtÍ¡s||De-Vaduz.ogg}},BOOK, Duden Aussprachewörterbuch, 6, 2006, Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG, Mannheim, de, High Alemannic pronunciation: [{{IPA|faˈdotÍ¡s}}])Hans Stricker, Toni Banzer, Herbert Hilbe: Liechtensteiner Namenbuch. Die Orts- und Flurnamen des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Band 2: Die Namen der Gemeinden Triesenberg, Vaduz, Schaan. Hrsg. vom Historischen Verein für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Vaduz 1999, S. 430–435. is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. The city, which is located along the Rhine, has 5,696 residents. The most prominent landmark of Vaduz is Vaduz Castle, perched atop a steep hill overlooking the city. It is home to the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The city’s distinctive architecture is also displayed in landmarks such as the Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House, City Hall, the National Art Gallery, as well as the National Museum. Although Vaduz is the best-known town in the principality internationally, it is not the largest; neighbouring Schaan has a larger population.

Etymology

The name Vaduz had been first recorded as de Faduzes. The name of the settlement, like most other towns in the Rhine Valley region, is of Romance origin. The name can be traced back to Old Rhaeto-Romance root auadutg {{gloss|aqueduct}}, which in turn evolved from the Latin .

History

{{see also|County of Vaduz}}Vaduz is mentioned in historic 12th-century manuscripts as Faduzes. In 1322 a mention of the castle is made, which was sacked by the Swiss in 1499 during the Swabian War. The entire city was also destroyed.WEB,www.britannica.com/place/Vaduz, Vaduz | Liechtenstein, Map, & History | Britannica, In the 17th century the Liechtenstein family was seeking a seat in the Imperial diet, the Reichstag. However, since they did not hold any territory that was directly under the Imperial throne, they were unable to meet the primary requirement to qualify.WEB,pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/Reformations441/441ImperialPrimer.htm, 441ImperialPrimer, The family yearned for the added power a seat in the Imperial government would bring, and therefore sought to acquire lands that would be reichsunmittelbar, or held without any feudal personage other than the Holy Roman Emperor himself having rights on the land. After some time, the family was able to arrange the purchase of the minuscule Herrschaft (“Lordship“) of Schellenberg and countship of Vaduz (in 1699 and 1712, respectively) from the Hohenems. Tiny Schellenberg and Vaduz possessed exactly the political status required: no feudal lord other than the Emperor.{{cn|date=October 2022}}Thereby, on 23 January 1719, after the purchase had been duly made, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg were united, and raised to the dignity of Fürstentum (principality) with the name “Liechtenstein” in honour of “[his] true servant, Anton Florian of Liechtenstein”. It is on this date that Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the Holy Roman Empire. As a testament to the pure political expediency of the purchases, the Princes of Liechtenstein did not set foot in their new principality for over 120 years.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

Geography

Climate

Vaduz features an oceanic climate with warm summers and chilly winters. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb).Weatherbase climate summary accessed 12 August 2013. The city experiences a noticeable increase in precipitation during the summer, but in general all twelve months see some precipitation. Vaduz receives, on average, approximately {{convert|900|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year.Vaduz’s warmest month, July, sees average high temperatures reach {{convert|25|°C|0|abbr=on}} while average low temperatures are about {{convert|14|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The city’s coldest month, January, sees average highs of {{convert|3|°C|0|abbr=on}} and average lows of {{convert|-3|°C|0|abbr=on}}.{{Weather box|width = auto|location = Vaduz (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973-present)|metric first = Yes|single line = Yes| Jan high C = 5.0| Feb high C = 6.8| Mar high C = 11.8| Apr high C = 16.0| May high C = 20.1| Jun high C = 23.2| Jul high C = 24.9| Aug high C = 24.3| Sep high C = 20.0| Oct high C = 15.7| Nov high C = 9.5| Dec high C = 5.5| year high C = 15.2| Jan mean C = 1.4| Feb mean C = 2.7| Mar mean C = 6.8| Apr mean C = 10.7| May mean C = 14.7| Jun mean C = 17.9| Jul mean C = 19.4| Aug mean C = 19.1| Sep mean C = 15.0| Oct mean C = 11.1| Nov mean C = 5.7| Dec mean C = 2.2| year mean C = 10.6| Jan low C = -2.0| Feb low C = -1.1| Mar low C = 2.3| Apr low C = 5.6| May low C = 9.7| Jun low C = 13.0| Jul low C = 14.6| Aug low C = 14.6| Sep low C = 10.8| Oct low C = 6.9| Nov low C = 2.2| Dec low C = -1.1| year low C = 6.3|Jan record high C = 20.0|Feb record high C = 21.7|Mar record high C = 24.6|Apr record high C = 28.7|May record high C = 33.2|Jun record high C = 35.2|Jul record high C = 35.8|Aug record high C = 36.0|Sep record high C = 33.0|Oct record high C = 29.0|Nov record high C = 23.6|Dec record high C = 22.2|Jan record low C = -20.3|Feb record low C = -17.2|Mar record low C = -12.9|Apr record low C = -5.0|May record low C = -1.0|Jun record low C = 3.4|Jul record low C = 5.0|Aug record low C = 5.0|Sep record low C = 0.0|Oct record low C = -5.3|Nov record low C = -11.2|Dec record low C = -16.0| precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 41| Feb precipitation mm = 34| Mar precipitation mm = 54| Apr precipitation mm = 57| May precipitation mm = 90| Jun precipitation mm = 116| Jul precipitation mm = 130| Aug precipitation mm = 144| Sep precipitation mm = 96| Oct precipitation mm = 68| Nov precipitation mm = 56| Dec precipitation mm = 54| year precipitation mm = 940| Jan snow cm = 14| Feb snow cm = 14| Mar snow cm = 6| Apr snow cm = 0| May snow cm = 0| Jun snow cm = 0| Jul snow cm = 0| Aug snow cm = 0| Sep snow cm = 0| Oct snow cm = 0| Nov snow cm = 5| Dec snow cm = 12| year snow cm = 51| unit precipitation days = 1 mm| Jan precipitation days = 7.4| Feb precipitation days = 6.6| Mar precipitation days = 9.0| Apr precipitation days = 8.9| May precipitation days = 11.8| Jun precipitation days = 12.9| Jul precipitation days = 13.2| Aug precipitation days = 13.3| Sep precipitation days = 10.1| Oct precipitation days = 8.7| Nov precipitation days = 8.7| Dec precipitation days = 8.7| year precipitation days = 119.3| unit snow days = | Jan snow days = 3.9| Feb snow days = 3.9| Mar snow days = 2.1| Apr snow days = 0.2| May snow days = 0.0| Jun snow days = 0.0| Jul snow days = 0.0| Aug snow days = 0.0| Sep snow days = 0.0| Oct snow days = 0.0| Nov snow days = 1.4| Dec snow days = 3.3| year snow days = 14.8| Jan humidity = 75| Feb humidity = 69| Mar humidity = 66| Apr humidity = 63| May humidity = 67| Jun humidity = 70| Jul humidity = 71| Aug humidity = 74| Sep humidity = 76| Oct humidity = 76| Nov humidity = 77| Dec humidity = 77| year humidity = 72| Jan sun = 72| Feb sun = 92| Mar sun = 131| Apr sun = 156| May sun = 168| Jun sun = 181| Jul sun = 197| Aug sun = 183| Sep sun = 147| Oct sun = 114| Nov sun = 67| Dec sun = 53| year sun = 1563| Jan percentsun = 40| Feb percentsun = 44| Mar percentsun = 47| Apr percentsun = 49| May percentsun = 46| Jun percentsun = 48| Jul percentsun = 52| Aug percentsun = 54| Sep percentsun = 52| Oct percentsun = 48| Nov percentsun = 36| Dec percentsun = 34| year percentsun = 47|source 1 = MeteoSwiss (snow 1981–2010)WEB,www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/services-and-publications/applications/ext/climate-climsheet.html, Climate normals Vaduz (Reference period 1991−2020), Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, 13 January 2022, 13 January 2022, WEB,www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/VAD/climsheet_VAD_np8110_e.pdf, Climate normals Vaduz (Reference period 1981−2010), Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, 13 January 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220725001826/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/VAD/climsheet_VAD_np8110_e.pdf archive-date = 25 July 2022, |source 2 = NOAA (extremes)WEB,www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=global-summary-of-the-day&stations=06990099999&startDate=1700-01-01&endDate=2023-12-31&dataTypes=MAX,MIN,PRCP, Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, January 16, 2023, }}

Main sights

Vaduz Castle is the home of the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family. The castle is visible from almost any location in Vaduz, being perched atop a steep hill in the middle of the city. The Cathedral of St. Florin, Government House and City Hall display the various styles and periods of architecture in the city.(File:Formal gardens in Vaduz, Liechtenstein.JPG|thumb|Formal gardens in central Vaduz)File:Liechtenstein asv2022-10 img21 Vaduz Kathedrale StFlorin.jpg|thumb|Cathedral of St. FlorinCathedral of St. FlorinFile:KML HAF aussen vom Staedtle Barbara Buehler.jpg|thumb|Kunstmuseum LiechtensteinKunstmuseum Liechtenstein

Demographics

As of 2019, 5,696 people lived in Vaduz. Foreigners resident in the city make up 42% of the population.WEB,www.llv.li/files/as/bevolkerungsstatistik-vorlaufige-ergebnisse-31-dezember-2018.pdf, Bevölkerungsstatistik: Vorläufige Ergebnisse 31. Dezember 2018, Llv.li, 13 August 2020, With 67% the population is predominantly Roman Catholic, while the percentage of Catholics is significantly higher among residents with Liechtenstein nationality (81%) than among foreigner residents (47%). The largest minority religions in the city are Protestantism (10%) and Islam (8%).WEB,www.llv.li/files/as/vz-2015-band-1-tabellen.xls, Tabellen Volkszählung 2015 - Bevölkerungsstruktur Band 1, XLS, Llv.li, 13 August 2020, {{bar box|title=Religion in Vaduz - 2015|left1=religion|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Roman Catholicism|DarkOrchid|67}}{{bar percent|Protestantism|DodgerBlue|10}}{{bar percent|Other Christians|SkyBlue|3}}{{bar percent|Islam|Green|8}}{{bar percent|Others/undeclared|Orange|4}}{{bar percent|Non-religious|SlateGray|9}}|caption=Note: Percentage is more than 100 due to rounding.}}

Culture

The National Art Gallery as well as the National Museum are located in Vaduz. The art gallery (Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein) is a museum of modern and contemporary art, also showing displays from the private princely Liechtenstein Collection, the main public display of which is in Vienna. The building is an architectural landmark built by the Swiss architects Morger, Degelo and Kerez. It was completed in November 2000 and forms a “black box” of tinted concrete and black basalt stone. The museum collection is also the national art collection of Liechtenstein. The Liechtenstein National Museum is showing a permanent exhibition on the cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein as well as special exhibitions. There are also the Postage Stamp Museum and a Ski Museum.

Economy and transport

Vaduz has a lively tourist industry, despite being one of the very few capital cities in the world without an airport – the nearest major airport is that of Zürich, at a distance of {{convert|120|km|0|abbr=on}}. There are frequent bus connections between nearby mainline railway stations including Buchs, Sargans and Feldkirch, operated by Liechtenstein Bus. Vaduz has no railway station as such and is not directly served by a railway line. Schaan-Vaduz is one of the four train stations serving Liechtenstein. It is located in the town of Schaan, a couple of kilometres north of Vaduz. It is owned by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB). The station is served by eighteen regional, stopping trains per day, nine in each direction between Switzerland and Austria. It is situated on the international and electrified Feldkirch-Buchs line, between the station of in Buchs SG (in Switzerland) and the stop of Forst Hilti (in the northern suburb of Schaan).

Education

Vaduz has two primary schools, Äule Primary School, near the Vaduzer-Saal;“Äule Primary School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013091939www.vaduz.li/-ule-primary-school |date=13 October 2016 }}.” Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. “Giessenstr. 11 9490 Vaduz” and Ebenholz Primary School,“Ebenholz Primary School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013091741www.vaduz.li/ebenholz-primary-school |date=13 October 2016 }}.” Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. “Fürst-Franz-Josef-Strasse 38 9490 Vaduz” near the University of Liechtenstein, which is also located in the city. Both schools have the same secretariat and administration. The school assignments of children are largely determined by their street addresses. There are four kindergarten sites, of the Kindergarten Bartlegrosch, in Vaduz.“Kindergarten {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013091820www.vaduz.li/kindergarten-en |date=13 October 2016 }}.” Commune of Vaduz. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. “Kindergarten Bartlegrosch Bartlegroschstrasse 31 9490 Vaduz ” and “Schwefelstrasse 15 9490 Vaduz” and “Schimmelgasse 13 9490 Vaduz” and “Weiherweg 15 9490 Vaduz“Realschule Vaduz and Oberschule Vaduz are in the Schulzentrum Mühleholz II in Vaduz. Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium is also located in Vaduz. Realschule Schaan and Sportschule Liechtenstein are in nearby Schaan.“Weiterführende Schulen Schaan.” Commune of Schaan. Retrieved on May 12, 2016. “Realschule Schaan Duxgass 55 9494 Schaan” and “Sportschule Liechtenstein Duxgass 55 9494 Schaan” and “Realschule Vaduz Schulzentrum Mühleholz II 9490 Vaduz” and “Oberschule Vaduz Schulzentrum Mühleholz II 9490 Vaduz”

Notable people

File:Fürst Franz Josef II..jpg|thumb|140px|Prince Franz Josef II ]]File:Marlies Amann-Marxer 01.jpg|thumb|140px|Marlies Amann-MarxerMarlies Amann-MarxerFile:Aurelia Frick - 2017 (cropped).jpg|140px|thumb|Aurelia FrickAurelia Frick

• Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1968 in Zürich), regent of Liechtenstein since 2004
• Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (1869–1955), prince who renounced his rights to the succession on 26 February 1923, in favor of his son Franz Joseph II
• Marlies Amann-Marxer (born 1952), politician who served as Minister of Infrastructure, Environment and Sport in the Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein
• Evelyne Bermann (born 1950) artist, specializes in glass acrylics
• Gisela Biedermann (born 1948), physician and politicianWEB, September 19, 2017, Biedermann, Gisela,historisches-lexikon.li/Biedermann,_Gisela, 2023-04-05, Historical Encyclopedia of the Principality of Liechtenstein, de,
• Barbara Erni (1743–1785) thief and confidence trickster, the last person to be executed in Liechtenstein
• Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1906–1989 in Grabs), the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death; lived full-time in the principality
• Aurelia Frick (born 1975) a Liechtenstein politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Culture.
• Carl von In der Maur (1852 in Wiener Neustadt – 1913), government official
• Gilbert von In der Maur (1887–1959), military officer, leading figure of the Austrian National Socialist Party
• Wolfgang Haas (born 1948), first archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vaduz
• Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1945 in Zurich) the monarch and head of state of Liechtenstein, lives in Vaduz Castle
• Adrian Hasler (born 1964), politician and the current Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
• Alexander Kellner (born 1961), Brazilian geologist and paleontologist, expert in pterosaurs
• Medea de Novara (1905–2001), actress who appeared in Mexican films{{IMDb name|0636969|name= Medea de Novara}}. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
• Josef Ospelt (1881–1962), first Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 2 March 1921 to 27 April 1922
• Ida Ospelt-Amann (1899-1996), poet who wrote and performed in the Vaduz’ Alemannic dialect
• Hermine Rheinberger (1864–1932), writer
• Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901), organist and composer.CE1913, Joseph Gabriel Rheinberger, 13, Otten, Joseph, 1,
• Christoph Zeller (born 1956 or 1957), German billionaire businessman, owns Ivoclar Vivadent

Footballers

File:Ronny Büchel.jpg|140px|thumb|Ronny BüchelRonny BüchelFile:AUT vs. LIE 2015-10-12 (187) Sandro Wieser.jpg|140px|thumb|Sandro WieserSandro Wieser

• Ronny Büchel (born 1982), international footballer, played 72 games for the national side
• Andreas Christen (born 1989), international footballer, played 27 games for the national side
• Mathias Christen (born 1987), international footballer, played 36 games for the national side
• Lucas Eberle (born 1990), played 12 games for the national side
• Philippe Erne (born 1986), international footballer, 34 games for the national side
• Maximilian Göppel (born 1997), plays for FC Vaduz and the Liechtenstein national team
• Nicolas Hasler (born 1991), professional footballer, played 55 games for the national side
• Rainer Hasler (1958–2014), played as a defender, selected by the Liechtenstein Football Association as the country’s Golden Player
• Marco Ritzberger (born 1986), played for FC Vaduz and played 35 games for the national side
• Dennis Salanović (born 1996), international footballer, played 29 games for the national side
• Sandro Wieser (born 1993), professional footballer, played 47 games for the national side

Other athletes

File:2017 Audi FIS Ski Weltcup Garmisch-Partenkirchen Damen - Tina Weirather - by 2eight - 8SC0818.jpg|thumb|140px|Tina WeiratherTina Weirather

• Franz Biedermann (born 1946) a Liechtenstein decathlete, competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics
• Kathinka von Deichmann (born 1994), tennis player
• Markus Ganahl (born 1975) retired alpine skier, competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics
• Nicola Kindle (born 1991), alpine skier
• Marina Nigg (born 1984), alpine skier, competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics
• Daniel Rinner (born 1990), cyclist
• Stephanie Vogt (born 1990), retired professional tennis player
• Tina Weirather (born 1989), World Cup alpine ski racer
• Fabienne Wohlwend (born 1997), racing driver
• Guido Wolf (1924–1994), former sports shooter, competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics

See also

• List of foundations established in Vaduz
• Municipalities of Liechtenstein
• Rheinpark Stadion
• Vaduz Cathedral

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}

• {{officialwww.vaduz.li/en }}

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