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{{short description|Climate subtype}}(File:Clima tropical seco Koppen-Geiger.png|thumb|upright=2|Worldwide zones of Tropical savanna climate (Aw/As))Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories Aw (for a dry "winter") and As (for a dry "summer"). The driest month has less than {{convert|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation and also less than 100-left (frac{text{Total Annual Precipitation (mm)}}{25} right)mm of precipitation.BOOK, McKnight, Tom L, Hess, Darrel, 2000, Climate Zones and Types, Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 978-0-13-020263-5, registration,weblink registration,weblink {{rp|200–1}}This latter fact is in a direct contrast to a tropical monsoon climate, whose driest month sees less than {{cvt|60.|mm}} of precipitation but has more than 100-left (frac{text{Total Annual Precipitation (mm)}}{25} right) of precipitation. In essence, a tropical savanna climate tends to either see less overall rainfall than a tropical monsoon climate or have more pronounced dry season(s). It is impossible for a tropical savanna climate to have more than {{cvt|2,500|mm}} as such would result in a negative value in that equation.In tropical savanna climates, the dry season can become severe, and often drought conditions prevail during the course of the year. Tropical savanna climates often feature tree-studded grasslands due to its dryness, rather than thick jungle. It is this widespread occurrence of tall, coarse grass (called savanna) which has led to Aw and As climates often being referred to as the tropical savanna. However, there is some doubt whether tropical grasslands are climatically induced. Additionally, pure savannas, without trees, are the exception rather than the rule.

Versions

There are generally four types of tropical savanna climates:

• Distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration. Most of the region's annual rainfall is experienced during the wet season and very little precipitation falls during the dry season.
• A lengthy dry season and a relatively short wet season. This version features seven or more dry season months and five or fewer wet season months. There are more variations within this version:
  • On one extreme, the region receives just enough precipitation during the short wet season to preclude it from a semi-arid climate classification. This drier variation of the tropical savanna climate is typically found adjacent to regions with hot semi-arid (BSh) climates.
  • On the other extreme, the climate features a lengthy dry season followed by a short but extremely rainy wet season. However, regions with this variation of the climate do not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate (Am). These can be found near tropical monsoon climates.
• A lengthy, moderately wet season and a relatively short dry season. This version features seven or more wet season months and five or fewer dry season months. This version's precipitation pattern is similar to precipitation patterns observed in some tropical monsoon climates (as well as subhumid temperate climates farther poleward) but does not experience enough rainfall during the wet season to be classified as such, while the rainfall in the dry season is just low enough to preclude a tropical rainforest climate (Af) and temperatures in the winter months are warm enough to preclude a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) or subtropical highland climate (Cwb) classification. This is often found near the poleward margins of the tropical savanna climates.
• A dry season with a noticeable amount of rainfall followed by a rainy wet season. In essence, this version mimics the precipitation patterns more commonly found in a tropical monsoon climate, but do not receive enough precipitation during either the dry season or the year to be classified as such.

Distribution

(File:Subtropical semi-evergreen seasonal forest in Northern Thailand.JPG|thumb|Dry forest in Thailand)(File:Elephant herd (5912064891).jpg|thumb|Savanna in South Sudan)Tropical savanna climates are most commonly found in Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America. The climate is also prevalent in sections of northern Australia, the Pacific Islands, in extreme southern North America in south Florida, and some islands in the Caribbean. Most places that have this climate are found at the outer margins of the tropical zone, but occasionally an inner-tropical location (e.g., San Marcos, Antioquia, Colombia) also qualifies. Similarly, the Caribbean coast, eastward from the Gulf of Urabá on the Colombia – Panamá border to the Orinoco river delta, on the Atlantic Ocean (ca. {{cvt|4,000.|km}}), have long dry periods (the extreme is the BSh climate (see below), characterized by very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in the Guajira, and Coro, western Venezuela, the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive