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Rhineland-Palatinate
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{{Short description|State in Germany}}{{Distinguish|North Rhine-Westphalia}}{{about|the German state|the historical territory of the Elector of the Palatinate|Electoral Palatinate|the 19th-century territory|Circle of the Rhine|the Rhenish Palatinate|Palatinate (region)}}{{redirect|Rheinland-Pfalz|the ships|German frigate Rheinland-Pfalz}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}







factoids
{{native name>pfl|Rhoilond-Palz}}| native_name_lang = States of Germany>State| image_skyline = | imagesize = 270px| image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg| flag_size = 120px| image_shield = Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg| shield_size = 75px| anthem = frame=yframe-align=centertype=shapestroke-color=frame-lat=51.1frame-width=250|frame-height=300}}| mapsize = 155px| map_caption = 494770display=inline}}| subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = Germany| established_title = FoundedRhineland-Palatinate#History>30 August 1946| seat_type = Capital| seat = Mainz| governing_body = Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate| leader_party = SPDList of minister-presidents of Rhineland-Palatinate>Minister-President| leader_name = Malu Dreyer| leader_title1 = Governing partiesGermanyGermanyGermany|FDP}}German Bundesrat>Bundesrat votes| leader_name2 = 4 (of 69)Bundestag>Bundestag seatsResults of the 2021 German federal election#Rhineland-Palatinate>36 (of 736)| total_type = Total| area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 19846| elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 4093903| population_as_of = 31 December 2019| population_density_km2 = auto| population_urban = | population_metro = | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = GDPaccess-date=2023-07-31 language=de}}| demographics1_title1 = Total| demographics1_info1 = €171.699 billion (2022)| demographics1_title2 = Per capita| demographics1_info2 = €41,366 (2022)Central European Time>CET| utc_offset1 = +1Central European Summer Time>CEST| utc_offset1_DST = +2| postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | registration_plate = | iso_code = DE-RPFirst level NUTS of the European Union#Germany>NUTS Region| blank_info_sec2 = DEBHuman Development Index>HDI (2018)WEBSITE=HDI.GLOBALDATALAB.ORGACCESS-DATE=13 SEPTEMBER 2018ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180923120638/HTTPS://HDI.GLOBALDATALAB.ORG/AREADATA/SHDI/greenList of German states by Human Development Index>10th of 16| website = {{Official URL}}| footnotes = }}Rhineland-Palatinate ({{IPAc-en|ËŒ|r|aɪ|n|l|æ|n|d|_|p|É™|ˈ|l|æ|t|ɪ|n|ɪ|t|,_|-|l|É™|n|d|-}} {{respell|RYNE|land|_|pÉ™|LAT|in|it|,_-|lÉ™nd|-}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|-|ɪ|n|eɪ|t}} {{respell|-|in|ayt}}; {{IPA-de|ˈʁaɪnlant ˈpfalts||De-Rheinland-Pfalz.ogg}}; {{IPA-lb|ˈʀɑɪnlÉ‘m ˈpfÉ‘lts|}}; ) is a western state of Germany. It covers {{convert|19846|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the sixteen states. Mainz is the capital and largest city. Other cities are Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Koblenz, Trier, Kaiserslautern, Worms and Neuwied.WEB, State Facts of Rhineland-Palatinate,www.rlp.de/english/, State of Rhineland-Palatinate, 26 September 2011, 8 July 2015,www.rlp.de/english/," title="web.archive.org/web/20150708155847www.rlp.de/english/,">web.archive.org/web/20150708155847www.rlp.de/english/, dead, It is bordered by North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland, Baden-Württemberg and Hesse and by France, Luxembourg and Belgium.Rhineland-Palatinate was established in 1946 after World War II, from parts of the former states of Prussia (part of its Rhineland and Nassau provinces), Hesse (Rhenish Hesse) and Bavaria (its former outlying Palatinate kreis or district), by the French military administration in Allied-occupied Germany. Rhineland-Palatinate became part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and shared the country’s only border with the Saar Protectorate until the latter was returned to German control in 1957. Rhineland-Palatinate’s natural and cultural heritage includes the extensive Palatinate winegrowing region, picturesque landscapes, and many castles and palaces.WEB,www.rlp.de/en/english/, english, Rheinland-Pfalz, Staatskanzlei, rlp.de, 24 July 2017, 18 February 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190218194152/https://www.rlp.de/en/english/, dead, Rhineland-Palatinate is currently the only federal state in Germany where nuclear weapons are stored extraterritorially under the responsibility and supervision of US forces.

History

File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F046120-0035, Koblenz, “Rittersturz-Konferenz”.jpg|thumb|Minister-president Peter AltmeierPeter AltmeierFile:Koblenz im Buga-Jahr 2011 - Moselanlagen 02.jpg|thumb|The Peter AltmeierPeter AltmeierThe state of Rhineland-Palatinate was founded shortly after the Second World War, on 30 August 1946. It was formed mainly from the southern part of the Prussian Rhine Province (the of Koblenz and Trier), from Rhenish Hesse, from the western part of Nassau and the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate minus the county of Saarpfalz. The Joint German-Luxembourg Sovereign Region () is the only unincorporated area of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. This condominium is formed by the rivers Moselle, Sauer, and Our, where they run along the border between Luxembourg and Rhineland-Palatinate or the Saarland. The region has a vast history, from the control of the Franks, to the control of the Holy Roman Empire, and saw fighting during the First and Second World Wars.

Emergence

The present state of Rhineland-Palatinate formed part of the French Zone of Occupation (1945–1949) after the Second World War. It comprised the former Bavarian Palatinate, the (“government districts“) of Koblenz and Trier (which formed the southern part of the Prussian Rhine Province), the parts of the Province of Rhenish Hesse () west of the River Rhine and belonged to the People’s State of Hesse (), parts of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau (Montabaur), and the former Oldenburg region around Birkenfeld (Principality of Birkenfeld).On 10 July 1945, the occupation authority on the soil of the present-day Rhineland-Palatinate transferred from the Americans to the French. To begin with, the French divided the region provisionally into two “upper presidiums” (), Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau (for the hitherto Prussian government districts and regions of Koblenz, Trier, and Montabaur) and Hesse-Palatinate (for the hitherto Bavarian Palatinate and old Hessian-Darmstadt province of Rhenish Hesse). The formation of the state was ordained on 30 August 1946, the last state in the Western Zone of Occupation to be established, by Regulation No. 57 of the French military government under General Marie-Pierre KÅ“nig.Newssheet of the French Higher Command in Germany, No. 35 (1946), p. 292 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429025229deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/recht.pl?zeitung=jouroffi&jahrgang=1946&ausgabe=035&seite=03700292&ansicht=3&bild=1&navigation=1&wahl=0&filename=.gif |date=29 April 2018 }} It was initially called Rhenish-Palatinate ( or ); the name Rhineland-Palatinate () was first confirmed in the constitution of 18 May 1947.WEB, Verfassungen in Rheinland-Pfalz, Verfassungen der Welt,www.verfassungen.de/rlp/index.htm, de, 14 December 2021, 14 December 2021,www.verfassungen.de/rlp/index.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20211214130804www.verfassungen.de/rlp/index.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20211214130804www.verfassungen.de/rlp/index.htm, live, The provisional French government at that time wanted originally to leave the option open of annexing further areas west of the Rhine after the Saarland was turned into a protectorate. When the Americans and British, however had led the way with the establishment of German states, the French came under increasing pressure and eventually followed their example by setting up the states of Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Rhineland-Palatinate. However the French military government forbade the Saarland from joining Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz was named as the state capital in the regulation; the “Mixed Commission” (), named as the highest organ of state charged with the administration of the new state and with the preparation of an advisory state assembly, started its work in Mainz. However war damage and destruction meant that Mainz did not have enough administrative buildings, so the headquarters of the state government and parliament was provisionally established in Koblenz. On 22 November 1946, the constituent meeting of the Advisory State Assembly () took place there, and a draft constitution was drawn up. Previously, local elections had been held. Wilhelm Boden was (after a short term of office as the of Rhineland-Hesse-Nassau) nominated on 2 December as the minister president of the new state by the French military government.

Early years

Adolf Süsterhenn submitted to the Advisory State Assembly a draft constitution, which was passed after several rounds of negotiation on 25 April 1947 in a final vote, with the absolute majority of the CDU voting for and the SPD and KPD voting against. A point of contention involved the draft constitution providing for separate schools based on Christian denomination. On 18 May 1947, 53% of the electorate adopted the Constitution for Rhineland-Palatinate in a referendum. While the Catholic north and west of the new state adopted the constitution by a majority, the majority in Rhenish Hesse and the Palatinate voted against it. On the same date the first elections took place for the state parliament, the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. The inaugural assembly of parliament took place on 4 June 1947 in the large city hall at Koblenz. Wilhelm Boden was elected the first minister-president of Rhineland-Palatinate. Just one month later, Peter Altmeier succeeded him.The constitutional bodies -the Government (), the Parliament () and the Constitutional Court () – established their provisional seat in Koblenz. In the following period, Koblenz and Mainz each emphasized their suitability as the state capital in a public debate. From the beginning, Minister-President Altmeier pressed for Mainz as the capital because he knew that the south of the country, especially the Palatinate, would not accept Koblenz, which was far to the north and formerly Prussian. On 16 May 1950, the decided to relocate itself and the from Koblenz to Mainz.16 May 1950. Mainz wird Regierungssitz von Rheinland-Pfalz. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524082521www.landeshauptarchiv.de/index.php?id=482|date=24 May 2011|quote=Die eindeutige Mehrheit der Abgeordneten stimmte für die Verlegung des Zentrums nach Süden, um dadurch ein Zusammenwachsen der einzelnen Landesteile zu begünstigen.}} in: Landeshauptarchiv KoblenzWEB, Mainz statt Koblenz: 60 Jahre Hauptstadt, Fr-online.de,www.fr-online.de/spezials/mainz-statt-koblenz-60-jahre-hauptstadt,1472874,4433202.html, 14 December 2014, 17 May 2010, de, 27 September 2015,www.fr-online.de/spezials/mainz-statt-koblenz-60-jahre-hauptstadt,1472874,4433202.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20150927094459www.fr-online.de/spezials/mainz-statt-koblenz-60-jahre-hauptstadt,1472874,4433202.html,">web.archive.org/web/20150927094459www.fr-online.de/spezials/mainz-statt-koblenz-60-jahre-hauptstadt,1472874,4433202.html, live, {{failed verification|date=March 2020}}After the government and parliament moved to Mainz, many state authorities and courts remained in Koblenz, including the Constitutional Court and the State Archives. In addition, the German Federal Archives and Federal Office of Hydrology were established in Koblenz in 1952.

Consolidation

A sense of community developed only very gradually in the “land of the retort”, which had been established largely without regard to the historical affiliations of its inhabitants. It was given little chance of survival, especially as it had very few large industrial centres. However, the establishment of numerous military bases, both Allied and , helped to some extent to boost the economy. In 1956, under Article 29 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, petitions were made in the regions of Koblenz, Trier, Montabaur, Rhenish Hesse, and Palatinate for their separation from the state and incorporation into the respective states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Bavaria, and Baden-Württemberg. All petitions for a referendum except those in the administrative district of Palatinate won the necessary majority; however, almost 20 years passed before the referendums finally took place. On 19 January 1975, none of the regions concerned returned a majority for being transferred to another state. This put an end to decades of discussion. Only the AKK conflict, a dispute over the districts of Mainz-Amöneburg, Mainz-Kastel, and Mainz-Kostheim, has continued to exercise politicians up to the present day.

Geography

Rhineland-Palatinate shares international borders with France (Grand Est), Luxembourg (Clervaux, Diekirch, Echternach, Grevenmacher, Remich, and Vianden), and Belgium (Wallonia). Within Germany, its neighbours are Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Saarland. It is the ninth-largest state by area. Rhineland-Palatinate is part of the SaarLorLux euregion.With 42% of its area covered by forests, it is the most forested state along with Hesse.WEB,www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de/german-forestry/forest-facts/?L=1, Forest facts – German forestry – 300 yrs of sustainability campaign, www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de, 24 July 2017, 16 June 2017,www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de/german-forestry/forest-facts/?L=1," title="web.archive.org/web/20170616013702www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de/german-forestry/forest-facts/?L=1,">web.archive.org/web/20170616013702www.forstwirtschaft-in-deutschland.de/german-forestry/forest-facts/?L=1, live, The state’s major rivers are the Rhine, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site Middle Rhine, and the Moselle. Several crater lakes of volcanic origin are in the Eifel, the largest of which is the Laacher See.Climatically, Rhineland-Palatinate can be divided into two areas:The Rhenish Massif with a typically humid continental climate (Dfb). Summers here are usually warm with much precipitation and winters tend to be dry and cold. Snowfall is a common occasion.The deep Valleys of Rhine and Moselle with an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb). Summers are hot and moist, while winters are cool. Freezing temperatures are rare and snow usually melts within hours. The mild climate allows palm trees, fig trees, stone pines, oleander shrubs, olive trees, almond trees and other exotic plants to be grown in this area.The forests in this region are home to common pests such as Melolontha Hippocastrani, that cause damage to the foliage and soil.The Rhenish Massif forms roughly the northern half of the state, including the regions Eifel, Moselle Valley, Hunsrück, Westerwald, and parts of the Taunus. The Palatinate forms the biggest part of the southern half along with Rhenish Hesse. The Nahe Valley separates both parts.WEB,www.romantic-germany.info/holiday-regions/, Holiday regions in Romantic Germany, Gastlandschaften Rheinland-Pfalz, 24 July 2017, 18 July 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180718174733/https://www.romantic-germany.info/holiday-regions/, live,

Politics

Administration

Rhineland-Palatinate is divided into 24 districts (Landkreise), 12 independent cities (Kreisfreie Städte).(File:Rhineland-Palatinate, administrative divisions - de - colored.svg|thumb|Districts and district-free cities of Rhineland-Palatinate)

Districts

Listing with Vehicle registration plates of Germany{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}
  1. Ahrweiler (AW)
  2. Altenkirchen (Westerwald) (AK)
  3. Alzey-Worms (AZ)
  4. Bad Dürkheim (DÜW)
  5. Bad Kreuznach (KH)
  6. Bernkastel-Wittlich (WIL, BKS)
  7. Birkenfeld (BIR)
  8. Cochem-Zell (COC, ZEL)
  9. Donnersbergkreis (KIB, ROK)
  10. Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (BIT, PRÜ)
  11. Germersheim (GER)
  12. Kaiserslautern (KL)
  13. Kusel (KUS)
  14. Mainz-Bingen (MZ, BIN)
  15. Mayen-Koblenz (MYK, MY)
  16. Neuwied (NR)
  17. Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (SIM, GOA)
  18. Rhein-Lahn-Kreis (EMS, DIZ, GOH)
  19. Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis (RP)
  20. Südliche Weinstraße (SÜW)
  21. Südwestpfalz (PS, ZW)
  22. Trier-Saarburg (TR, SAB)
  23. Vulkaneifel (DAU)
  24. Westerwaldkreis (WW)
{{colend}}

Independent cities

Listing with Vehicle registration plates of Germany{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
  1. Frankenthal (Pfalz) (FT)
  2. Kaiserslautern (KL)
  3. Koblenz (KO)
  4. Landau in der Pfalz (LD)
  5. Ludwigshafen am Rhein (LU)
  6. Mainz (MZ)
  7. Neustadt an der Weinstraße (NW)
  8. Pirmasens (PS)
  9. Speyer (SP)
  10. Trier (TR)
  11. Worms (WO)
  12. Zweibrücken (ZW)
{{colend}}

Demographics

{{historical populations|13=1815|14=1202412|15=1835|16=1614684|17=1871|18=1832388|19=1905|20=2434505|21=1939|22=2959994|23=1950|24=3004784|25=1961|26=3417116|27=1970|28=3645437|29=1975|30=3665777|31=1980|32=3642482|33=1985|34=3615049|35=1990|36=3763510|37=1995|38=3977919|39=2000|40=4034557|41=2005|42=4058843|percentages=pagr|43=2010|44=4003745|45=2015|46=4052803|47=2018|48=4084844|footnote=source:WEB,www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Bevölkerungsdichte, 27 December 2012, 14 December 2021,www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/," title="web.archive.org/web/20121227233245www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/,">web.archive.org/web/20121227233245www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/, 27 December 2012, dead, }}{| class=“wikitable floatright plainrowheaders”www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/jahrbuch/Jahrbuch2018.pdf, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz, 1863-9100, 20 February 2020, 20 February 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200220091028/https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/jahrbuch/Jahrbuch2018.pdf, live, ! scope=col | Nationality! scope=col | Population! scope=row | {{flag|Turkey}}| 59,630! scope=row | {{flag|Ukraine}}| 52,460! scope=row | {{flag|Romania}}| 48,795! scope=row | {{flag|Syria}}| 46,425! scope=row | {{flag|Poland}}| 44,635! scope=row | {{flag|Italy}}| 32,480! scope=row | {{flag|Bulgaria}}| 28,310! scope=row | {{flag|Afghanistan}}| 18,680! scope=row | {{flag|Croatia}}| 16,600! scope=row | {{flag|Kosovo}}| 14,530! scope=row | {{flag|Luxembourg}}| 12,195

Largest cities

{{See also|List of cities in Rhineland-Palatinate by population}}The following table shows the ten largest cities of Rhineland-Palatinate:WEB,www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php, Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany): Counties, Cities and Communes – Population Statistics, Charts and Map, www.citypopulation.de, 21 December 2018, 22 December 2018,www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20181222082120www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php,">web.archive.org/web/20181222082120www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php, live, {| class=“wikitable sortable“!align=“center” bgcolor=“#bbffbb“|Pos.!align=“center” bgcolor=“#bbffbb“|Name!align=“center” bgcolor=“#bbffbb“|Pop. 2017!align=“center” bgcolor=“#bbffbb“|Area (km2)!align=“center” bgcolor=“#bbffbb“|Pop. per km2 style="text-align:right;” 1 style="text-align:left;”Mainz>| 2,201 style="text-align:right;” 2 style="text-align:left;”Ludwigshafen am Rhein>| 2,176 style="text-align:right;” 3 style="text-align:left;”Koblenz>| 1,082 style="text-align:right;” 4 style="text-align:left;”Trier>| 940 style="text-align:right;” 5 style="text-align:left;”Kaiserslautern>| 714 style="text-align:right;” 6 style="text-align:left;”Worms, Germany>Worms 83,081 109 764 style="text-align:right;” 7 style="text-align:left;”Neuwied>| 748 style="text-align:right;” 8 style="text-align:left;”Neustadt an der Weinstraße>| 456 style="text-align:right;” 9 style="text-align:left;”Speyer>| 1,192 style="text-align:right;” 10 style="text-align:left;”Bad Kreuznach>| 909

Vital statistics

WEB, Bevölkerung,www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung, Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 16 June 2018, 17 June 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180617015609/https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung, live,
  • Births from January–August 2016 = {{increase}} 24,871
  • Births from January–August 2017 = {{decrease}} 24,784
  • Deaths from January–August 2016 = {{decreasepositive}} 30,572
  • Deaths from January–August 2017 = {{increasenegative}} 32,167
  • Natural growth from January–August 2016 = {{increase}} -5,701
  • Natural growth from January–August 2017 = {{decrease}} -7,383

Religion

In 2018, 40.3% of the population of the state adhered to the Roman Catholic Church and 26.8% to the Protestant Church in Germany; 32.9% of the population was irreligious or adheres to other religions.Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland – Kirchemitgliederzahlen Stand 31. Dezember 2018 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219200647www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2018.pdf |date=19 February 2020 }} EKD, January 2020 Muslims made up 5.0% of the total.WEB,www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/religion-mainz-rheinland-pfalz-gespraeche-mit-islamverbaenden-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-190404-99-680919, Rheinland-Pfalz: Gespräche mit Islamverbänden, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 4 April 2019, 27 August 2020, 24 October 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201024094638/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/religion-mainz-rheinland-pfalz-gespraeche-mit-islamverbaenden-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-190404-99-680919, live, {{bar box|title=Religion in Rhineland-Palatinate – 2018|left1=religion|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|Roman Catholics|DarkOrchid|41.3|40.3%}}{{bar percent|EKD Protestants|DodgerBlue|27.8|26.8%}}{{bar percent|Muslims|LimeGreen|5.0|5.0%}}{{bar percent|Jewish|Orange|1.5|0.5%}}{{bar percent|Other or none|SlateGray|28.4|27.4%}}}}

Jewish culture

The league of ShUM-cities in the later Rhineland-Palatinate comprised the Jewish communities of Mainz, Speyer, and Worms, which became the center of Jewish life during medieval times.WEB, ShUM-Sites Speyer, Worms, Mainz: Jewish heritage for the world,schumstaedte.de/en/, 31 January 2023, SchUM Städte e.V., en, 11 January 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230111053327/https://schumstaedte.de/en/, live, The Takkanot Shum (), or Enactments of ShU“M were a set of decrees formulated and agreed upon over a period of decades by their Jewish community leaders.WEB,www.worms.de/en/tourismus/sehenswertes/juedisches_worms/welterbeantrag-schum-staedte/, Application for UNESCO World Heritage “ShUM Cities” > Stadt Worms, www.worms.de, 2 July 2017, 7 November 2017,web.archive.org/web/20171107022737/https://www.worms.de/en/tourismus/sehenswertes/juedisches_worms/welterbeantrag-schum-staedte/, dead, NEWS, Hawley, Charles, 2 August 2012, Germany Considers Jewish History for UNESCO Heritage, en, Der Spiegel,www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-states-nominate-jewish-sites-for-possible-unesco-inclusion-a-847700.html, 31 January 2023, 2195-1349, 31 January 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230131191936/https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-states-nominate-jewish-sites-for-possible-unesco-inclusion-a-847700.html, live, Today, there are approximately 20,000 Jews (0.5% of the population) living in the state.WEB,www.rlp.de/fr/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/detail/News/juedisches-leben-blueht-auf/, Jüdisches Leben blüht auf, Landesregierung Rheinland-Pfalz, 15 April 2014, 27 August 2020, 18 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210518141310/https://www.rlp.de/fr/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/detail/News/juedisches-leben-blueht-auf/, live, NEWS,www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article193974409/Antisemitismusbeauftragter-Juden-sind-verunsichert.html, Antisemitismusbeauftragter: Juden sind verunsichert, Die Welt, 22 May 2019, 27 August 2020, 3 October 2023,web.archive.org/web/20231003132654/https://www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article193974409/Antisemitismusbeauftragter-Juden-sind-verunsichert.html, live, {{notelist}}

Economy

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 147.0 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.4% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 33,100 euros or 110% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 102% of the EU average.WEB,ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58, Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018, Eurostat, 7 March 2020, 17 April 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58, live,

Industry

Rhineland-Palatinate leads all German states with an export rate around 50%. Important sectors are the winegrowing, chemical, pharmaceutical, and auto parts industries. “Distinctive regional industries” includes gemstones, ceramics and glass, and leather. Small and medium enterprises are considered the “backbone” of the economy in Rhineland-Palatinate. The principal employer is the chemical and plastics processing industry, which is represented by BASF in Ludwigshafen. Boehringer, BioNTech, Joh. A. Benckiser, SGE Deutsche Holding, and Schott Glassworks conclude the top five companies in the state.

Agriculture and viticulture

Rhineland-Palatinate is Germany’s leading producer of wine in terms of grape cultivation and wine export. Its capital, Mainz, may be called the capital of the German wine industry, being the home of the German Wine Institute, the German Wine Fund in the (House of German Wine), and the (VDP) Wine Bourse, which brings together the top winemakers of Germany and the wine merchants of the world.Viniculture and industry {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218194152www.rlp.de/en/english/ |date=18 February 2019 }}title at:Rhineland-Palatinate – in the middle of Europe, retrieved 1 November 2017Of 13 wine regions producing quality wine in Germany, six (, and ) are located in Rhineland-Palatinate, with 65 to 70% of the production of wine grapes in Germany having their origin within the state.Mainz {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322020128mainz.de/medien/internet/downloads/GWC_Best-of-2016_WEB.pdf |date=22 March 2017 }}|Rheinhesse description on the pages of great wine capitals, retrieved 1 November 2017 About 13,000 wine producers generate 80 to 90% of the German wine export. The total estimated production from the six Rhineland-Palatinate regions was nearly 7 million hectoliters in 2018.WEB,www.germanwines.de/aktuelles/details/news/detail/News/germanys-vintage-2018-detailed-reports-by-region/, Summary of German Wine Institute (DWI) 2018 report, 12 February 2020, 12 February 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200212234216/https://www.germanwines.de/aktuelles/details/news/detail/News/germanys-vintage-2018-detailed-reports-by-region/, dead, WEB,mueef.rlp.de/de/pressemeldungen/detail/news/detail/News/weinbauland-rheinland-pfalz-auch-beim-oekowein-spitze-griese-fordert-kaliumphosphonat-wieder-fuer-oe/, Weinbauland Rheinland-Pfalz auch beim Ökowein spitze – Griese fordert: Kaliumphosphonat wieder für Ökoweinbau zulassen, mueef.rlp.de, 2 July 2017, 7 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210507181358/https://mueef.rlp.de/de/pressemeldungen/detail/news/detail/News/weinbauland-rheinland-pfalz-auch-beim-oekowein-spitze-griese-fordert-kaliumphosphonat-wieder-fuer-oe/, live, Traditional grape varieties and a wide range of varieties developed during the last 125 years are characteristic for the region.Classical white varieties are cultivated at {{convert|63683|ha|acre}}. These comprise the famous Rieslings {{convert|14446|ha|acre}}, ({{convert|8663|ha|acre}}), ({{convert|3701|ha|acre}}), and ({{convert|3399|ha|acre}}).The share of red varieties grew constantly during the last decades and amounts to {{convert|20000|ha|acre}}. , a recent cultivar, is the leading red grape cultivated on {{convert|7626|ha|acre}}, which is more than a third. ({{convert|4446|ha|acre}}) and ({{convert|3867|ha|acre}}) show also appreciable cultivated shares.Cultivated grape varieties in Rhineland-Palatinate 2005 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206171327www.statistik.rlp.de/lan/tabellen/rebflaechen.html |date=6 February 2008}} publisher: Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate.In addition, , , Chardonnay as white varieties and Regent and St. Laurent as red varieties have been increasing their share, as the growing conditions improve in Rhineland-Palatinate.The state supports the wine industry by providing a comprehensive consultancy and education program in the service supply centers () of the land. The Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding is fully financed by the state. Many well-known new varieties such as , Bacchus, Optima, and Regent have been created in these institutes.The worldwide leader in sparkling wine production, producing 224,4 million bottles in 2017/18, is the renowned Group. This company is headquartered in Trier, with operations in several locations in Rhineland-Palatinate and 3 sites in France (Compagnie Française des Grands Vins (CFGV)).WEB,www.schloss-wachenheim.com/upload/dokumente/10429.pdf, Financial Report Geschäftsbericht 2017/2018, 28 July 2019, 28 July 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190728150139/https://www.schloss-wachenheim.com/upload/dokumente/10429.pdf, live, Other renowned sparkling wine producers such as , , and also had their roots in the region, but now belong to companies outside the state as a result of business consolidation.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate stood at 4.1% in October 2018 and was lower than the German average.WEB,de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/, Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 {{!, Statista|website=Statista|language=de|access-date=13 November 2018|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627171657de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/|url-status=live}}{| class=“wikitable“!YearWEB,www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online/data;sid=8605C2647C4C92D731CC1EC4BAC5AF53.GO_1_3?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=3&levelid=1542098063701&downloadname=13211-0007, Federal Statistical Office Germany – GENESIS-Online, (Destatis), © Statistisches Bundesamt, 13 November 2018, www-genesis.destatis.de, 13 November 2018, 13 November 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181113170119/https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online/data;sid=8605C2647C4C92D731CC1EC4BAC5AF53.GO_1_3?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=3&levelid=1542098063701&downloadname=13211-0007, live, !2000!2001!2002!2003!2004!2005!2006!2007!2008!2009!2010!2011!2012!2013!2014!2015!2016!2017!2018|Unemployment rate in %|7.3|6.8|7.2|7.7|7.7|8.8|8.0|6.5|5.6|6.1|5.7|5.3|5.3|5.5|5.4|5.2|5.1|4.8|4.4

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Kreuz – Rad – Löwe, Rheinland-Pfalz und seine Geschichte, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2012
    • Band 1 (Von den Anfängen der Erdgeschichte bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches): {{ISBN|978-3-8053-4510-1}}
    • Bände 2 (Vom ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert bis ins 21. Jahrhundert) und 3 (Historische Statistik): {{ISBN|978-3-8053-4291-9}}

External links

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