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Peacham, Vermont
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Peacham, Vermont
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History
(File:Harvey Mountain from Peacham Cemetery.jpg|thumb|left|Harvey Mountain from the Peacham Cemetery)In 1763, Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire gave a charter for the region to a group of proprietors, and the town was given the name Peacham (the etymology of the name is unclear). The original proprietors were speculators who surveyed the town, laid a few rudimentary roads, and divided it into lots, though the territory remained unsettled for some time.In 1775, settlers, primarily from Connecticut and Massachusetts, bought the lots and built homes, developing the land for agriculture. The original settlers survived almost entirely through subsistence farming despite the long winters, hilly terrain, and rocky soil. Nine years later, records show a population of approximately 200 people. The first recorded town meeting took place in 1784, and selectmen were duly elected to govern the affairs of the town. Peacham was early on presented with a choice of having either the county courthouse or the county school, and the residents voted for the school. In 1795 the Caledonia County Grammar School received its charter, and the first school was established in a log structure on the Bayley Hazen Road, halfway between Peacham Corner and South Peacham.In 1799, a library was established, which traveled from store to store.Early History of Peacham A congregational church was founded in 1794âthe first pastor, Leonard Worcester, was well known for his fiery sermons. His son Samuel went on to be an important missionary to the Cherokee people, creating the first typeface for the Cherokee alphabet and gaining lasting fame as the plaintiff in the supreme court case Worcester v. Georgia.Early residents, who came to be known as Peachamites, traded butter, eggs, and wheat for goods which they could not make at home, and also relied on the production and sale of items such as whiskey and potash to help augment the relatively poor harvests. Almost from the beginning, various trades and industriesâas many as 30â35 at a given timeâflourished. Lumbering, coopering, milling, butter making, tin ware, tanneries and leather goods provided goods for local consumption. From 1800 to 1830, sheep farming flourished as a more profitable endeavor than growing crops. In 1840, the town reached its greatest population of 1,443. From that date on, census numbers steadily declined. Farming methods changed, and dairy farming came to replace sheep. The larger, more industrially advanced farms of the late 19th century could not support large families, and youth began to leave home.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}In the 20th century, the population continued to decline to a low in the mid-600s. Farming also became less common due to competition with larger dairy farms in the West, and many farms either consolidated or went under. Tourism became important during the 20th century as people opened their homes to visitors from the cities of the Atlantic seaboard, often derisively referred to as "(Wiktionary:flatlander|flatlanders)". With the advent of the railroad in Barnet and then motor vehicles, Peacham became a popular location for summer residents, some of whom were educators from Boston and New York City. In the second half of the 20th century, Peacham became a popular vacation spot and retirement home for prominent intellectuals and liberal thinkersâindividuals such as David Dellinger, William Lederer, Roman Jakobson, and the historian Shepard Clough all owned houses in town. Their interests and stimulation enhanced the cultural interests of the town.Peacham Town PlanGeography
(File:Devils Hill Summit in April.jpg|thumb|left|View from Devils Hill over Groton State Forest in western Peacham)According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|123.5|sqkm|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|120.8|sqkm|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|2.7|sqkm|disp=flip}}, or 2.18%, is water.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} Neighboring towns are Danville to the north, Barnet to the east, Ryegate to the southeast, Groton to the south, Marshfield to the west, and Cabot to the northwest. No numbered state highways pass through the town.The highest point in Peacham is the {{convert|782|m|disp=flip|adj=on}} summit of Cow Hill near the northern corner of town.U.S. Geological Survey St. Johnsbury, VT 7.5 by 15-minute quadrangle, 1983.Demographics
{{US Census population|1790= 365|1800= 873|1810= 1301|1820= 1294|1830= 1351|1840= 1443|1850= 1377|1860= 1247|1870= 1141|1880= 1041|1890= 892|1900= 794|1910= 777|1920= 657|1930= 620|1940= 543|1950= 501|1960= 433|1970= 446|1980= 531|1990= 627|2000= 665|2010= 732|2020= 715|align-fn=centerCulture
The Peacham Historical Association (PHA) has been preserving records since 1916. The PHA has published a number of works on the town and has archives which chronicle the town's history from 1776.WEB,weblink Peacham Historical Association, Peacham, Vermont, Peacham Historical Association, en-US, The Peacham Library is a private library founded in 1810 as a resource for the debating team of the Caledonia County Grammar School. For the first century of its existence, the library possessed no fixed location and rotated from store to store around the town. The original library building was purchased in 1909. It burned in 1959, destroying almost the entire collection. The current library was constructed on the same location in 1960 and enlarged in 2001. The library has over 9,200 volumes and over 500 registered patrons.WEB,weblink Peacham Library, Peacham Library, en-US, Peacham has hosted the yearly Peacham Acoustic Music Festival since 2011, typically in mid-August.WEB,weblink Peacham Acoustic Music Festival, www.pamfest.com, Other yearly events include the Fall Foliage celebrationWEB,weblink Peacham Fall Foliage Index, www.peacham.net, and the yearly July 4 festivities, including the traditional tractor parade.Peacham Parade Rolls OnIn September 2005, Peacham was designated "Best New England Village" by Yankee magazine, which wrote, "Of all the villages in New England, Peacham (population 665) is unsurpassed."WEB,weblink Peacham, www.peacham.net,Points of interest
On the National Register of Historic Places
- Elkins Tavern (oldest structure)
- Peacham Corner Historic District
- Josiah and Lydia Shedd Farmstead
- New Discovery State Park
Other points of interest
- Ashbel Goodenough Blacksmith Shop â a 19th-century blacksmith shop which has been restored by the Peacham Historical Association with a working wooden forge
- Ski-Tow Hill â operational in the 1960â1976WEB,weblink Peacham Slopes, Davis, Jeremy, www.nelsap.org, WEB,weblink The Ski Tow « when kids were allowed to be kids, whenkidswereallowedtobekids.com, en-US,
- Devil's Hill
- Widow Jennison Road
- Martin's Pond
- Martin's Pond Saw Mill (Location was on north side of access road. Spillway is still visible, but dry.)
- Peacham Pond
- Cemetery Hill (Academy Hill)
- Peacham Bog, a {{convert|748|acre|km2|adj=on}} bog
- Cow Hill (highest point in town)
- Bayley-Hazen Military Road
- Peacham Congregational Church
- The Civil War Soldiers Monument with the names of 42 men from town who died in the waweblink {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}
- Peacham Observatory (ruins can be seen near Lookout Mountain)
- Northern Skies Observatory, operated by the Northeast Kingdom Astronomy FoundationWEB,weblink Northeast Kingdom Astronomy Foundation, Northeast Kingdom Astronomy Foundation,
Education
The town operates Peacham Elementary.WEB,weblink Peacham Elementary School {{!, A community of learners|website=www.peachamschool.org|language=en-US}}The following schools once operated in town, but have been closed:- Peacham Academy (formerly the Caledonia County Grammar School, closed in 1971)
- Yellow School House
- Three Corners School House
- East Peacham School House
- The Stevens School of Peacham (this school has since moved to Lyndonville; its Peacham school building is now defunct)WEB,weblink Thaddeus Stevens School, www.thestevensschool.com,
Films
A number of movies have been filmed in Peacham. These include:- A Return to Salem's Lot (1987){{Citation|title=A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093855/locations}}
- Ethan Frome (1993)
- Where the Rivers Flow North (1993)
- The Spitfire Grill (1996)
Notable people
- Edward Behr, writer and publisher of The Art of EatingWEB,weblink Food, Wine, & Taste {{!, The Art of Eating Magazine|website=www.artofeating.com|language=en-US}} quarterly
- William Chamberlain, US congressman
- Alexander Dunnett, US Attorney for Vermont, President of the Vermont Bar Association, Vermont State Senator, Caledonia County State's AttorneyNEWS, September 15, 1920, Demise of Alexander Dunnett,weblink Barre Montpelier Times Argus, The Evening Argus, Montpelier, VT, subscription, Newspapers.com, 4, {{sfnRef, "Demise of Alexander Dunnett", }}
- George Harvey, US Ambassador to Great Britain
- John Martin, steamboat captain and businessman
- John Mattocks, Whig politician and the 16th governor of Vermont
- Samuel Merrill, early leading citizen of Indiana
- Thaddeus Stevens, abolitionist and politician. Stevens was born in 1792 in neighboring Danville and went to school at the Caledonia County Grammar School in Peacham
- Samuel Worcester, missionary and plaintiff in Worcester v. Georgia, was born in Peacham
Summer residents and retirees
- Harry G. Barnes, Jr., US ambassador, retired to PeachamNEWS,weblink An Ambassador's Vermont Posting, Tilton, Sarah, February 17, 2012, Wall Street Journal, en-US, 0099-9660,
- David Dellinger, pacifist and member of the Chicago Seven, retired to Peacham in the 1980s and lived there until shortly before his death in 2004WEB,weblink Obituary of David Dellinger, July 20, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130617150047weblink">weblink June 17, 2013, dead,
- James B. Engle, diplomat and conservationist, served as US Ambassador to Benin and retired to Peacham
- Alger Hiss, US diplomat and suspected Soviet spy, owned a summer house in Peacham and spent time there prior to his incarceration for perjuryWEB,weblink The View From Alger's Window, www.nytimes.com,
- Roman Jakobson, Russian linguist and literary theorist, spent time in his summer house in Peacham in the 1960s and 1970sBOOK,weblink A Tribute to Roman Jakobson 1896â1982, January 1, 1983, Walter de Gruyter, 9783110868548, 64, en,
- William Lederer, most famous for co-authoring the novel The Ugly American. He retired to Peacham where he lived until shortly before his death in 2009WEB,weblink Leaves of the Palm: Portrait of an "Ugly American", Palm, Edward F., February 16, 2010, Leaves of the Palm,
References
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