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{{short description|Nonprofit open-access publisher}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}

factoids

| successor = | country = United States| headquarters = Levi's Plaza, San Francisco, California| distribution = | keypeople = Alison Mudditt (CEO)| publications = Academic journals| topics = Science| genre = | imprints = | revenue = | numemployees = weblink}}}}PLOS (for Public Library of Science; PLoS until 2012 ) is a nonprofit publisher of open-access journals in science, technology, and medicine and other scientific literature, under an open-content license. It was founded in 2000 and launched its first journal, PLOS Biology, in October 2003. {{As of|2022|post=,}} PLOS publishes 12 academic journals,WEB, Choose Your Journal,weblink 2022-11-23, PLOS, en-US, including 7 journals indexed within the Science Citation Index Expanded, and consequently 7 journals ranked with an impact factor.PLOS journals are included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). PLOS is also a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), a participating publisher and supporter of the Initiative for Open Citations, and a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

History

(File:Open Access PLoS.svg|thumb|The Open Access logo)File:Mechanism-for-Multiple-Ligand-Recognition-by-the-Human-Transferrin-Receptor-pbio.0000051.sv001.ogv|thumb|The first video published alongside a PLOS article: a model of how the human transferrin receptortransferrin receptor(File:Thank you for practicing Open Science - Igsi8c4BjI8.webm|thumb|thumbtime=0:32|PLOS created this fictional thank you note from the future to contemporary researchers for sharing their research openly)The Public Library of Science began in 2000 with an online petition initiative by Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus, formerly director of the National Institutes of Health and at that time director of Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center; Patrick O. Brown, a biochemist at Stanford University; and Michael Eisen, a computational biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.WEB,weblink History, 24 August 2014, PLOS,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140811081426weblink">weblink 11 August 2014, dead, WEB,weblink Professor Michael Eisen: A Pioneer of Open Access Science, The Tower, 2014, 2015-10-26,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151101015934weblink">weblink 1 November 2015, dead, The petition called for all scientists to pledge that, from September 2001, they would discontinue submission of articles to journals that did not make the full text of their articles available to all, free and unfettered, either immediately or after a delay of no more than six months. Although tens of thousands signed the petition, most did not act upon its terms; and in August 2001, Brown and Eisen announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation.JOURNAL, Brower, V., Public library of science shifts gears: As scientific publishing boycott deadline approached, advocates of free scientific publishing announce that they will create their own online, free-access archive, 10.1093/embo-reports/kve239, EMBO Reports, 2, 11, 972–973, 2001, 11713184, 1084138, In December 2002, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation awarded PLOS a $9 million grant, which it followed in May 2006 with a $1 million grant to help PLOS achieve financial sustainability and launch new free-access biomedical journals.WEB,weblink$9-million-grant-from-the-gordon-and-betty-moore-foundation, Public Library of Science to launch new free-access biomedical journals with $9 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 17 December 2002, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 24 August 2014, The PLOS organizers turned their attention to starting their own journal along the lines of the UK-based BioMed Central, which has been publishing open-access scientific articles in the biological sciences in journals such as Genome Biology since 2000. The PLOS journals are what is described as "open-access content"; all content is published under the Creative Commons "attribution" license. The project states (quoting the Budapest Open Access Initiative) that: "The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited."As a publishing company, the Public Library of Science officially launched its operation on 13 October 2003, with the publication of a print and online scientific journal entitled PLOS Biology, and has since launched 11 more journals.WEB, Submit,weblink 2021-11-29, PLOS, en-US, One, PLOS Clinical Trials, has since been merged into PLOS ONE. Following the merger, the company started the PLOS Hub for Clinical Trials to collect journal articles published in any PLOS journal that related to clinical trials; the hub was discontinued in July 2013. PLOS became a signatory of the SDG Publishers Compact in 2023,WEB, Etah, Oben Joseph, Building a more sustainable future through Open Access research,weblink The Official PLOS Blog, 21 April 2023, WEB, SDG Publishers Compact Members,weblink United Nations Sustainable Development, 18 July 2023, WEB, SDG Publishers Compact,weblink United Nations Sustainable Development, 20 July 2023, and has taken steps to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include the introduction of five new open-access journals in 2021 to publish research relevant to the SDGs: PLOS Climate, PLOS Water, PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, PLOS Digital Health, and PLOS Global Public Health.WEB, Jacob, Eduard, To boldly grow: five new journals shaped by Open Science,weblink The Official PLOS Blog, 27 April 2021, In 2011, the Public Library of Science became an official financial supporting organization of Healthcare Information For All by 2015,WEB,weblink How organisations support HIFA2015, 22 July 2013, 20 August 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160820201319weblink">weblink dead, a global initiative that advocates unrestricted access to medical knowledge, sponsoring the first HIFA2015 Webinar in 2012.WEB,weblink HIFA2015 Webinars, 22 July 2013, 7 April 2012,weblink dead, In 2012, the organization quit using the stylization "PLoS" to identify itself and began using only "PLOS".WEB,weblink New PLOS look, David, Knutson, 23 July 2012, PLOS BLOG, Public Library of Science, 6 August 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120801091652weblink">weblink 1 August 2012, live, In 2016, PLOS confirmed that its chief executive officer, Elizabeth Marincola, would be leaving for personal and professional reasons at the end of that year.NEWS,weblink PLOS on Twitter, Our CEO Elizabeth Marincola is leaving as of 12/31/16 to go to Kenya for personal and professional reasons., Twitter, 2016-10-31, In May 2017, PLOS announced that their new CEO would be Alison Mudditt with effect from June.WEB,weblink PLOS Appoints Alison Mudditt Chief Executive Officer {{!, STM Publishing News |website=www.stm-publishing.com |language=en-US |access-date=2017-05-19}}In 2021, PLOS announced a policy that required changes in reporting for researchers working in other countries as an attempt to address neo-colonial parachute research practices.WEB, 2021-09-27, Announcing a new PLOS policy on inclusion in global research,weblink 2021-10-11, The Official PLOS Blog, en-US,

Financial model

To fund the journals, PLOS charges an article processing charge (APC) to be paid by the author or the author's employer or funder. In the United States, institutions such as the National Institutes of Health and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have pledged that recipients of their grants will be allocated funds to cover such author charges. The Global Participation Initiative (GPI) was instituted in 2012, by which authors in "group-one countries" are not charged a fee and those in "group-two countries" are given a fee reduction. (In all cases, decisions to publish are based solely on editorial criteria.)PLOS was launched with grants totaling US$13 million from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Sandler Family Supporting Foundation.JOURNAL

Publications{| class"wikitable sortable"

!Title!Inception!ISSNPLOS Biology >1544-9173}} PLOS Medicine >1549-1676}} PLOS Computational Biology >1553-7374}}PLOS Genetics >1553-7404}} PLOS Pathogens >1549-1676}} PLOS Clinical Trials(later merged into PLOS ONE) >1555-5887}}PLOS ONE >1932-6203}}PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases >1935-2735}}PLOS Hub for Clinical Trials >| —PLOS Currents >2157-3999}}|PLOS Climate|20212767-3200}}|PLOS Digital Health|20212767-3170}}|PLOS Global Public Health|20212767-3375}}|PLOS Sustainability and Transformation|20212767-3197}}|PLOS Water|20212767-3219}}

Other partners

In April 2017, PLOS was one of the founding partners in the Initiative for Open Citations.WEB,weblink Press, 6 April 2017, Initiative for Open Citations, 6 April 2017,

Headquarters

PLOS has its main headquarters in Suite 225 in the Koshland East Building in Levi's Plaza in San Francisco.WEB,weblink Contact, PLoS, 2012-03-04, Previously, the company had been located at 185 Berry Street.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080310204009weblink">weblink 2008-03-10, Contact, Internet Archive Wayback Machine, PLoS, 2008-03-10, 2012-03-04, In June 2010, PLOS announced that it was moving to a new location in order to accommodate its rapid growth. The move to the Koshland East Building went into effect on 21 June 2010.WEB,weblink PLoS San Francisco office is moving | The Official PLOS Blog, PLOS, 2010-06-16, Liz, Allen, 2012-03-04,

See also

• List of open-access journals
• arXiv e-print archive
• Open Archives Initiative
• Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, of which PLOS is a founding member

Footnotes

{{reflist}}

References

• Adam, David. "Scientists Take on the Publishers in an Experiment to Make Research Free to All" The Guardian, 6 October 2003.
• Albanese, Andrew. "Open Access Gains with PLoS Launch: Scientists Call for Cell Press Boycott; Harvard Balks on Big Deal." Library Journal, 15 November 2003, 18–19.
• JOURNAL, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000034, 14551925, 212705, PLoS Biology—We're Open, PLOS Biology, 1, 1, e34, 2003, Bernstein, Philip, Cohen, Barbara, MacCallum, Catriona, Parthasarathy, Hemai, Patterson, Mark, Siegel, Vivian, free,
• JOURNAL, 10.1093/embo-reports/kve239, 11713184, 1084138, Public library of science shifts gears, EMBO Reports, 2, 11, 972–973, 2001, Brower, Vicki,
  • JOURNAL, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000036, 14551926, 212706, Why PLoS Became a Publisher, PLOS Biology, 1, 1, e36, 2003, Brown, Patrick O., Eisen, Michael B., Varmus, Harold E., free,
• Butler, Declan. "Public Library Set to Turn Publisher as Boycott Looms." Nature, 2 August 2001, 469.
• JOURNAL, 10.1038/425554a, 14534559, Who will pay for open access?, Nature, 425, 6958, 554–555, 2003, Butler, Declan, free,
• Case, Mary. "The Public Library of Science." ARL: A Bimonthly Report on Research Library Issues and Actions from ARL, CNI, and SPARC, no. 215 (2001): 4.weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151110091642weblink">weblink
• JOURNAL, Case, Mary M., Public Access to Scientific Information: Are 22,700 Scientists Wrong?, College & Research Libraries News, 62, 7, 2001, 706–709, 716, 10027/83, free, 10.5860/crln.62.7.706,
• JOURNAL, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020025, 14737199, 314475, PLoS Biology in Action, PLOS Biology, 2, 1, e25, 2004, Cohen, Barbara, free,
• JOURNAL, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020063, 14966553, 340963, PLoS Medicine, PLOS Biology, 2, 2, e63, 2004, Cohen, Barbara, free,
• Doyle, Helen. "Public Library of Science (PLoS): Committed to Making the World's Scientific and Medical Literature A Public Resource." ASIDIC Newsletter, no. 87 (2004): 9–10.weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905223000weblink |date=5 September 2019 }}
• JOURNAL, Doyle, Helen J, 2004, The Public Library of Science—Open Access from the Ground Up.,weblink College & Research Libraries News, 65, 3, 134–136, 10.5860/crln.65.3.134, free,
• JOURNAL, 10.1136/bmj.326.7379.11/b, 12511446, 1168941, 'Free' medical publishing venture gets under way, BMJ, 326, 7379, 11b–11, 2003, Eaton, L.,
• Eisen, Michael. "Publish and Be Praised." The Guardian, 9 October 2003.weblink
• Foster, Andrea L. "Scientists Plan 2 Online Journals to Make Articles Available Free." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 10 January 2003, A29.
• JOURNAL, Gallagher, Richard, 2003, Will Walls Come Tumbling Down?, The Scientist, 17, 5, 15,
• Kleiner, Kurt. "Free Online Journal Gives Sneak Preview." New Scientist, 19 August 2003, 18.weblink
• JOURNAL, 10.1038/35092675, 11544488, Journal boycott presses demand for free access, Nature, 413, 6851, 6, 2001, Knight, Jonathan, 2001Natur.413....6K, free,
• Malakoff, David. "Opening the Books on Open Access." Science Magazine, 24 October 2003, 550–554.
• Mantell, Katie. "Open-Access Journal Seeks to Cut Costs for Researchers." SciDev.Net, 15 January 2004.weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234544weblink |date=26 September 2007 }}
  • WEB, Mason, Betsy, Cell Editor Joins PLoS, The Scientist, 13 January 2003,weblink
• WEB, Mason, Betsy, New Open-Access Journals, The Scientist, 20 December 2002,weblink
• JOURNAL, 10.1186/gb-spotlight-20001113-02, Senior scientists promise to boycott journals, Genome Biology, 1, spotlight–20001113–02, 2000, McLaughlin, Andrew,weblink free, {{Dead link|date=July 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• JOURNAL, 10.1108/10650750410527278, Of budgets and boycotts: The battle over open access publishing, OCLC Systems & Services: International Digital Library Perspectives, 20, 7–10, 2004, Medeiros, Norm,weblink
• Mellman, Ira. "Setting Logical Priorities: A Boycott Is Not the Best Route to Free Exchange of Scientific Information." Nature, 26 April 2001, 1026.
• JOURNAL, Ojala, Marydee, 2003, Intro to Open Access: The Public Library of Science,weblink EContent, 26, 10, 11–12,
• Olsen, Florence. "Scholars Urge Boycott of Journals That Won't Join Free Archives." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 6 April 2001, A43.
• Peek, Robin. "Can Science and Nature Be Trumped?" Information Today 20, no. 2 (2003): 19, 50–51.
• ———. "The Future of the Public Library of Science." Information Today 19, no. 2 (2002): 28.
• ———. "The Scholarly Publisher as Midwife." Information Today 18, no. 7 (2001): 32.
• Pickering, Bobby. "Medical Journals to Get Open Access Rival." Information World Review, 21 May 2004.weblink{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Public Library of Science. "Open Letter to Scientific Publishers." (2001).weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314072907weblink |date=14 March 2019 }}
• Reich, Margaret. "Peace, Love, and PLoS." The Physiologist 2003; 46(4): 137, 139–141.weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20041223045509weblink">weblink
• JOURNAL, Russo, Eugene, 2001, New Adventures in Science Publishing, The Scientist, 15, 21, 12,
• JOURNAL, 10.1038/nm0203-154b, 12563324, PLoS snaps up Cell editor, Nature Medicine, 9, 2, 154–155, 2003, Schubert, Charlotte, 35914398,
• JOURNAL, Stankus, Tony, 2003, The Public Library of Science Passes Its First Biology Test, Technicalities, 23, 6, 4–5,
• Suber, Peter. "The Launch of PLoS Biology." SPARC Open Access Newsletter, no. 67 (2003).weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804160311weblink |date=4 August 2012 }}
• JOURNAL, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020048, 14966541, 340951, Quality Information for Improved Health, PLOS Biology, 2, 2, e48, 2004, Thibodeau, Patricia L., Funk, Carla J., free,
• JOURNAL, 10.1629/17127, Launching PLoS Biology - six months in the open, Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community, 17, 2, 127–131, 2004, Twyman, Nick, free,
• Velterop, Jan. "Vendor View." Information World Review, 1 December 2001.weblink{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Wadman, Meredith. "Publishers Challenged over Access to Papers." Nature, 29 March 2001, 502.
• WEB, Walgate, Robert, PLoS Biology Launches, The Scientist, 10 October 2003,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20031204215413weblink">weblink December 4, 2003,

External links

{{Commons category|PLOS}}

• {{Official websiteweblink}}

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