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|birth_place=Ceará, Brazil|death_date={{Death date and age|df=y|2012|07|29|1934|04|19}}|alma_mater=Magdalen College, Oxford {{small|(B.Litt.)}}|workplaces={hide}Plainlist|

• University of Liverpool
• University of Sheffield

{edih}|discipline=Linguistics|sub_discipline=English literature and linguistics|death_place=Sheffield, United Kingdom}}Norman Francis Blake (19 April 1934 – 29 July 2012) was a British academic and scholar specialising in Middle English and Early Modern English language and literature on which he published abundantly during his career.

Life

Norman Blake was born in Ceará, Brazil, where his English father worked as a banker at the Bank of London and South America. His mother was half-Brazilian and half-German. In 1938, when he was four years old, he was sent to boarding school in Surrey and then to Magdalen College School in Brackley, Northamptonshire, in 1944.{{Citation | last = Edwards | first = A. S. G. | author-link = A. S. G. Edwards | title = Norman Blake: Scholar and author who published widely on medieval literature | newspaper = The Independent | date = 25 August 2012 | url =weblink | access-date = 5 January 2019 }} The outbreak of World War II meant that he was not able to see his parents for eight years. Two years after the end of the war his older brother, who attended the same boarding school, died in an accident.JOURNAL, Thaisen, Jacob, 2013, Obituary: Norman Francis Blake (1934–2012), English Studies (journal), English Studies, 94, 1, 120–122, 10.1080/0013838X.2012.732770, 11250/276485, 161364964, free, In 1953 he went up to study at Magdalen College where his tutors for Medieval English were, amongst others, C. S. Lewis and J. A. W. Bennett,WEB,weblink Hope in memory of Blake: 30 April 2015, Hope, Jonathan, 28 May 2015, University of Sheffield, 5 January 2019, and for Old Icelandic Gabriel Turville-Petre. During the academic year 1956–1957 he studied Old Icelandic manuscripts at the newly established Arnamagnæan Institute, part of the University of Copenhagen. He finished his studies with a BLitt in 1959. Following his studies at Oxford, he was appointed assistant lecturer at the University of Liverpool where he stayed until 1973, interrupted only by an interval as visiting professor at the University of Toronto in 1963–1964. In 1973 Blake was appointed to the Chair of English Language at the University of Sheffield, becoming head of the Department for English Language and Linguistics, a post he held until 1998. When the Department of English Language and Linguistics was amalgamated with the Department of English Literature, Blake moved to De Montfort University, Leicester, taking up a research professorship.Norman Blake married Susan Valery Miles at Liverpool in 1965.WEB,weblink Index entry, 21 March 2019, FreeBMD, ONS, The couple adopted a daughter, Dorinda, born in 1973. He was an ardent user of public transport and enjoyed hiking, particularly in the Peak District.In May 2004 Norman Blake suffered a massive stroke severely restricting his movement and speaking capabilities. The ensuing years he spent either at home or at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital. Norman Blake passed away on 29 July 2012. He was survived by his wife and daughter.

Scholarship

Blake's finishing project at Magdalen College in 1959 was editing the Jómsvíkinga saga. His edition of the saga was published in 1962. Whilst being at Liverpool University he published an edition of the Old English poem The Phoenix in 1964, and in 1970 an edition of William Caxton's translation of the Middle Dutch version of The History of Reynard the Fox.In the late 1960s and during the 1970s it emerged that Blake's academic interests were twofold, namely the history of the English Language, particularly late medieval and early modern, and The Canterbury Tales. This led to extensive work not only on William Caxton, but also on William Shakespeare. The publication of a monograph on William Caxton in 1969, Caxton and His World, established Blake as one of the foremost scholars on the subject. In the book he put an emphasis on the larger context in which Caxton was operating and challenged the traditional views on Caxton by positing that Caxton was predominantly a merchant and entrepreneur rather than a craftsman printer.{{Citation | title = Professor Norman Blake – Scholar of medieval English who challenged consensus on Chaucer | newspaper = The Times | date = 24 August 2012 | url =weblink | access-date = 19 January 2019 }} Eventually, he would publish more than 40 books and essays on Caxton.In 1980 Blake published an edition of The Canterbury Tales, based on the Hengwrt manuscript. This edition was, at the time, not well received as Blake advocated the significance and importance of the Hengwrt manuscript, being the oldest manuscript of the tales, and should take precedence over the Ellesmere manuscript on which most published editions and translations were based. The criticism led him to publish a number of books and articles over the following 15 years enhancing and augmenting his argument.Blake contributed several articles to the German encyclopaedia Lexikon des Mittelalters and the Dictionary of the Middle Ages, and was also editor and contributor to the second volume of The Cambridge History of the English Language published in 1992.From 1994 until 2000 Blake was head of the Canterbury Tales Project. The project was first based at the University of Sheffield and from 1998 onwards at De Montfort University. It was funded by amongst others the Leverhulme Trust and the British Academy. Its aim was to make electronically available all the manuscripts and early printed versions of The Canterbury Tales, a total of approximately 80 manuscripts and books elucidating the textual tradition of the work and providing understanding of the reshaping of the English language during an important phase in its history. By the end of the project eight manuscripts were transcribed as well as the best part of seven others as well as all witnesses of The Franklin's Tale, consisting of about 330,000 words. Subsequently, The Wife of Bath's Prologue and The General Prologue were released on CD-ROM, and the Hengwrt Manuscript on CD.WEB,weblink The Norman Blake Editions of the Canterbury Tales, Humanities Research Institute - University of Sheffield, 18 March 2020, No further transcriptions were published until in 2011 the Digital Humanities Institute of the University of Sheffield developed online editions of diplomatic transcriptions of eight of the manuscripts prepared by the Canterbury Tales Project, called the Norman Blake Editions of The Canterbury Tales.WEB,weblink Canterbury Tales Project, 11 December 2000, The Digital Humanities Institute, the University of Sheffield, 15 January 2019, WEB,weblink Norman Blake Editions of The Canterbury Tales, 8 July 2011, The Digital Humanities Institute, the University of Sheffield, 15 January 2019,

Commemoration

Following his death, the School of English at the University of Sheffield founded a (wikt:biennial|biennial) lecture, the Norman Blake Lecture to honour Norman Blake. The first lecture was held in 2013.

Selected publishings

Editions

• The Saga of the Jomsvikings, London, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1962.
• The Phoenix, Manchester, Manchester University Press 1964.
• The History of Reynard the Fox, Oxford, Oxford University Press 1970. {{ISBN|0-197-22267-6}}
• Selections from William Caxton. With an introduction, notes and glossary, Oxford, Clarendon Press 1973. {{ISBN|0-1987-1081-X}}
• Caxton's Own Prose, London, Andre Deutsch 1973. {{ISBN|0-233-96475-4}}
• Quattuor Sermones. Printed by William Caxton, Heidelberg, Winter 1975. {{ISBN|3-533-02429-6}}
• The Canterbury Tales: From the Hengwrt Manuscript, London, Edward Arnold 1980. {{ISBN|0-713-16271-6}}

Monographs

• Caxton and His World, London, Andre Deutsch 1969. {{ISBN|0-233-96093-7}}
• Middle English Religious Prose, London, Edward Arnold 1972. {{ISBN|0-713-15610-4}}
• Caxton. England's First Publisher, London, Osprey Publishing 1976. {{ISBN|0-850-45106-X}}
• The English Language in Medieval Literature, London, Dent 1977. {{ISBN|0-874-71989-5}}
• Non-standard Language in English Literature, London, Andre Deutsch 1981. {{ISBN|0-233-97422-9}}
• Shakespeare's Language. An Introduction, London, Macmillan 1983. {{ISBN|0-333-28639-1}}
• English Historical Linguistics. Studies in Development, (with Charles Jones), Sheffield, Department of English Language 1984.
• The Textual Tradition of the Canterbury Tales, London, Hodder Arnold 1985. {{ISBN|0-713-16448-4}}
• William Caxton. A Bibliographical Guide, New York, Garland Publishing 1985. {{ISBN|0-824-08891-3}}
• Index of Printed Middle English Prose, New York, Garland Publishing 1985. {{ISBN|0-824-08839-5}}
• Traditional English Grammar and Beyond, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1988. {{ISBN|0-333-39921-8}}
• An Introduction to the Language of Literature, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1990. {{ISBN|0-333-45410-3}}
• William Caxton and English Literary Culture, London, A&C Black 1991. {{ISBN|1-852-85051-5}}
• The Cambridge History of the English Language, Volume II (editor and contributor), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 1992. {{ISBN|978-1139-05553-6}}
• An Introduction to the English Language (with Jean Moorhead), Basingstoke, Macmillan 1993. {{ISBN|0-333-57302-1}}
• A New Concordance to The Canterbury Tales Based on Blake's Text Edited from the Hengwrt Manuscript, Okayama, University Education 1994 {{ISBN|4-887-30127-8}}
• A History of the English Language, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1996. {{ISBN|0-333-60983-2}}
• The General Prologue, Geoffrey Chaucer (edited by Elizabeth Solopova), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2000. {{ISBN|0-521-58808-1}}
• A Grammar of Shakespeare's Language, Basingstoke, Palgrave 2001. {{ISBN|0-333-72590-5}}
• Shakespeare's Non-Standard English. A Dictionary of his Informal Language, London, Continuum 2006. {{ISBN|0-826-49123-5}}

Articles

• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, William Caxton and Suffolk, Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, 29, 139–153, 1961–1963,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Heremod Digressions in "Beowulf", Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 61, 278–287, 1962,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, William Caxton's "Reynard the Fox" and his Dutch Original, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, 45, 298–325, 1962–1963,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Scribe of the Exeter Book, Neophilologus, 46, 316–318, 1962, 10.1007/BF01560863, 162976021,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Two Notes on the 'Exeter Book', Notes and Queries, 9, 2, 45–47, 1962, 10.1093/nq/9-2-45,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Some Problems of Interpretation and Translation in the OE "Phoenix", Anglia, 80, 50–62, 1962, 10.1515/angl.1962.1962.80.50, 163748669,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, William Caxton and Suffolk. A Supplement, Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, 30, 112–115, 1964–1966,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, William Caxton: His Choice of Texts, Anglia, 83, 289–307, 1965, 10.1515/angl.1965.1965.83.289, 163221621,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The 'Vocabulary in French and English' Printed by William Caxton, English Language Notes, 3, 1, 7–15, 1965,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Battle of Maldon, Neophilologus, 49, 332–345, 1965, 10.1007/BF01514844, 162108634,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, English Versions of Reynard the Fox in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Studies in Philology, 62, 63–77, 1965,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Caxton's Language, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 67, 122–132, 1966,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Caxton and Chaucer, Leeds Studies in English, 1, NS, 19–36, 1967,weblink
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Word Borrowings in Caxton's Original Writings, English Language Notes, 6, 2, 87–90, 1968,
• JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Caxton's Copytext of Gower's Confessio Amantis, Anglia, 85, 282–293, 1968, 10.1515/angl.1967.1967.85.282, 170862013,
• BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Stevens

  editor2-last= Mandel

  title= Old English Literature. Twenty-two Analytical Essays

  publisher= University of Nebraska Press

  pages= 268–278, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Biblical Additions in Caxton's "Golden Legend", Traditio, 26, 231–247, 1969, 10.1017/S0362152900010989, 151776023, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Rhythmical Alliteration, Modern Philology, 67, 2, 118–124, 1969, 10.1086/390148, 224829889, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Chaucer and the Alliterative Romances, The Chaucer Review, 3, 163–169, 1969, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Wynkyn de Worde and the 'Quatrefoil of Love', Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, 206, 189–200, 1969–1970, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Fifteenth Century Reconsidered, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 71, 146–156, 1970, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Wynkyn de Worde. The Early Years, Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 46, 62–69, 1971, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Lord Berners. A Survey, Medievalia et Humanistica, 119–132, 1971, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Johnson

  editor2-last= Gruber

  title= New Views on Chaucer. Essays in Generative Criticism

  publisher= Society for New Language Study

  pages= 1–7, 978-0950269962, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Caxton's First Edition of 'Quattuor Sermones', Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 49, 77–82, 1974, BOOK, Blake, Norman, Varieties of Middle English Religious Prose, Rowland, Beryl B., Beryl Rowland, Chaucer and Middle English Studies in Honour of Rossell Hope Robbins, Kent (OH), Kent State University Press, 1974, 348–356, 978-0873381413,weblink JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The English Language in Medieval Literature, Studia Neophilologica, 48, 59–75, 1976, 10.1080/00393277608587639, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The "Flyting" in The Battle of Maldon, English Language Notes, 13, 4, 242–245, 1976, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Caxton. The Man and his Work, Journal of the Printing Historical Society, 11, 64–80, 1976–1977, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Lee

  title= An English Miscellany Presented to W.S. Mackie

  publisher= Oxford University Press

  pages= 14–27, 978-0195701012, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Dating the First Books Printed in English, Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 53, 43–50, 1978, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Genesis of The Battle of Maldon, Anglo-Saxon England (journal), Anglo-Saxon England, 7, 119–129, 1978, 10.1017/S0263675100002891, 162340694, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Continuity and Change in Caxton's Prologues and Epilogues. The Bruges Period, Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 54, 72–77, 1979, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Relationship Between the Hengwrt and the Ellesmere Manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales, Essays and Studies, 32, 1–18, 1979, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Continuity and Change in Caxton's Prologues and Epilogue. Westminster, Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 55, 38–43, 1980, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Critics, Criticism and the Order of "The Canterbury Tales", Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, 218, 47–58, 1981, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Textual Tradition of The Book of the Duches, English Studies. A Journal of English Language and Literature, 62, 3, 237–248, 1981, 10.1080/00138388108598112, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Heyworth

  title= Medieval Studies for J.A.W. Bennett Aetatis Suae LXX

  publisher= Oxford University Press

  pages= 101–119, 978-0198126287, BOOK, Blake, Norman, Chaucer's Text and the Web of Words, Rose, Donald M., New Perspectives in Chaucer Criticism, Norman, Okla., Pilgrim Books, 1981, 223–240, 978-0937664551,weblink JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Text of the 'Canterbury Tales', Poetica, 13, 27–49, 1982, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Wife of Bath and her Tale, Leeds Studies in English, 13, NS, 42–55, 1982,weblink {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Ars Moriendi | year = 1982| title = Dictionary of the Middle Ages | volume = 1 | pages = 547–548 | place = New York, NY | publisher = Charles Scribner%27s Sons}} {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Caxton, William | year = 1983| title = Dictionary of the Middle Ages | volume = 3 | pages = 210–211 | place = New York, NY | publisher = Charles Scribner%27s Sons}} {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Chronicles | year = 1983| title = Dictionary of the Middle Ages | volume = 3 | pages = 325 | place = New York, NY | publisher = Charles Scribner%27s Sons}} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= van den Hoven

  editor2-last= Westra

  editor3-last= Kingstone

  title= Le Roman de Renard. On the Beast Epic

  location= Windsor, Ontario

  pages= 69–76, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Aspects of Syntax and Lexis in The Canterbury Tales, Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 7, 1–20, 1983, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Editorial Assumptions in the Manly-Rickert Edition of The Canterbury Tales, English Studies. A Journal of English Language and Literature, 64, 5, 385–400, 1983, 10.1080/00138388308598271, BOOK, Blake, Norman, William Caxton, Edwards, Anthony Stockwell Garfield, A. S. G. Edwards, Middle English Prose. A Critical Guide to Major Authors and Genres, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1984, 389–412, 978-0813510019,weblink JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Geoffrey Chaucer. The Critics and the Canon, Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, 221, 65–79, 1984, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Editorial Assumptions and Problems in 'The Canterbury Tales', Poetica, 20, 1–19, 1984, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Debate on the Order of The Canterbury Tales, Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 10, 31–42, 1985, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, John Lydgate and William Caxton, Leeds Studies in English, 16, NS, 272–289, 1985,weblink BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Bolton

  title= The New History of Literature

  location= New York

  date= 1986

  isbn= 978-0872261259, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Book of the Duchess Again, English Studies. A Journal of English Language and Literature, 67, 2, 122–125, 1986, 10.1080/00138388608598432, {{Citation | first = Norman | last = Blake | editor-last = Bekker-Nielsen | editor-first = Hans | editor2-last = Børch| editor2-first = Marianne | editor3-last = Sorensen | editor3-first = Bengt Algot | contribution = William Caxton. A Review | title = From Script to Book. A Symposium. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium Organised by the Centre for the Study of Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages Held at Odense University on 15–16 November, 1982 | year = 1986 | pages = 107–126 | place = Odense | publisher = Aarhus University Press | isbn = 978-8774925682 }} JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Spread of Printing in English During the Fifteenth Century, Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, 62, 26–36, 1987, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Manuscripts and Textual Tradition of the Canterbury Tales Again, Poetica, 28, 6–15, 1988, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Boitani

  editor1-link= Piero Boitani

  editor2-first= Anna

  location= Tübingen

  date= 1988

  isbn= 978-3878087809, {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Fabliau(x). Englische Literatur | year = 1989| title = Lexikon des Mittelalters | volume = 4 | pages = 212–2013 | place = Munich | publisher = LexMA-Verlag }} JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Chaucer Canon. Methodological Assumptions, Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 90, 295–310, 1989, BOOK, Blake, Norman, Standardising Shakespeare's Non-Standard Language, Trahern, Joseph B., Standardizing English. Essays in the History of Language Change in Honor of John Hurt Fisher, Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press, 1989, 57–81, 978-0870496004,weblinkweblink JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Early Printed Editions of 'Confessio amantis', Mediaevalia, 16, 289–306, 1990, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Rissanen

  editor2-last= Ihalainen

  editor3-last= Nevalainen

  editor4-last= Taavitsainen

  title= History of Englishes. New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics

  publisher= De Gruyter

  pages= 3–24, 978-3-11-087700-7, {{Citation | last = Blake | first =Norman | contribution = Introduction | year = 1992 | title = The Cambridge History of the English Language | editor-last = Blake | editor-first = Norman | volume = 2 | pages = 1–22 | place = Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0521264754 }} {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = The Literary Language | year = 1992 | title = The Cambridge History of the English Language | editor-last = Blake | editor-first = Norman | volume = 2 | pages = 500–541 | place = Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0521264754 }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Kirschner

  editor2-last= Gutch

  editor3-last= Gilbert

  title= Language and Civilization. A Concerted Profusion of Essays and Studies in Honour of Otto Hietsch

  location= Frankfurt am Main – New York

  date= 1992

  isbn= 978-3631416273, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Minnis

  editor2-last= Brewer

  title= Crux and Controversy in Middle English Textual Criticism

  publisher= D. S. Brewer

  pages= 19–38, 9780859913218, {{Citation | first = Norman | last = Blake | editor-last = Fanego Lema | editor-first = Teresa |editor1-link = Teresa Fanego| editor2-last = Fraga Fuentes| editor2-first = Amelia | contribution = From Old to Middle English | title = Papers from the IVth International Conference of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature | year = 1993 | pages = 19–33 | place = Santiago de Compostela | publisher = Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicacións e Intercambio Científic | isbn = 978-8471919878 }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Buschinger

  editor2-last= Spiewok

  title= Etudes de linguistique et de littérature en l'honneur d'André Crépin

  publisher= Reineke Verlag

  pages= 21–40, 978-3-89492-002-9, {{Citation | first = Norman | last = Blake | editor-last = Fernández| editor-first = Francisco | editor2-last = Fuster| editor2-first = Miguel | editor3-last = Calvo | editor3-first = Juan José | contribution = Premisses and Periods in a History of English | title = English Historical Linguistics 1992. Papers from the 7th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, Valencia, 22–26 September, 1992 | year = 1994 | pages = 37–46 | place = Amsterdam | publisher = John Benjamins Publishing | isbn = 978-1556195679 }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Stevens

  editor2-last= Woodward

  title= The Ellesmere Chaucer. Essays in Interpretation

  publisher= Huntington Library Press

  pages= 205–224, 978-0873281508, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Fisiak

  editor2-last= Winter

  title= Studies in Middle English Linguistics

  publisher= De Guyter

  pages= 59–78, 9783110152425, {{Citation | first = Norman | last = Blake | editor-last = Oguro | editor-first = Shoichi | editor2-last = Beadle | editor2-first = Richard | editor3-last = Sargent | editor3-first = Michael G. | contribution = Some Comments on the Style of Love's Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ | title = Nicholas Love at Waseda. Proceedings of the International Conference, 20–22 July 1995 | year = 1997 | pages = 99–114 | place = Cambridge | publisher = D. S. Brewer | isbn = 978-0859915007 }} JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Geoffrey Chaucer and the Manuscripts of the 'Canterbury Tales', Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History, 1, 96–122, 1997, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Blake

  editor2-last= Robinson

  title= The Canterbury Tales Project

  location= Oxford

  date= 1997, 5–14, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Nevalainen

  editor2-last= Kahlas-Tarkka

  title= To Explain the Present. Studies in the Changing English Language in Honour of Matti Rissanen

  publisher= Société néophilologique

  pages= 3–24, 978-9519603063, {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Übersetzungen. Mittelenglische Literatur | year = 1997| title = Lexikon des Mittelalters | volume = 8 | pages = 1158–1159 | place = Munich | publisher = LexMA-Verlag }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Blake

  editor2-last= Robinson

  title= The Canterbury Tales Project

  location= Oxford

  date= 1997, 69–132, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Blake

  editor2-last= Robinson

  title= The Canterbury Tales Project

  location= Oxford

  date= 1997, 1–4, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Blake

  editor2-last= Robinson

  title= The Canterbury Tales Project

  location= Oxford

  date= 1997, 5–18, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, The Literary Development of the Reynard Story in England, Selim, 8, 9–34, 1998, {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Prose, Middle English | year = 1998 | title = Medieval England. An Encyclopedia | editor1-last = Szarmach | editor1-first = Paul E.| editor2-last = Tavormina | editor2-first = Mary Teresa| editor3-last = Rosenthal | editor3-first = Joel Thomas | pages = 617–619 | place = New York | publisher = Garland }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= McCarren

  editor2-last= Moffat

  title= A Guide to Editing Middle English

  publisher=University of Michigan Press

  pages= 61–77, 9780472106042, JOURNAL, Blake, Norman, Editing the Canterbury Tales. Preliminary Observations, Anglia, 116, 198–214, 1998, 2, 10.1515/angl.1998.116.2.198, 161260501, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Taavitsainen

  editor2-last= Melchers

  editor3-last=Pahta

  title= Writing in Nonstandard English

  publisher=John Benjamins Publishing

  pages= 123–150, 9781556199455, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Tops

  editor2-last= Devriendt

  editor3-last=Geukens

  title= Thinking English Grammar. To Honour Xavier Dekeyser, Professor Emeritus

  publisher= Peeters Publishers

  pages= 3–13, 9789042907638, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Pearsall

  editor1-link= Derek Pearsall

  location= York

  date= 2000

  isbn= 9781903153017, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Powell

  editor2-last= Smith

  title= New Perspectives on Middle English Texts. A Festschrift for R. A. Waldron

  publisher= Boydell & Brewer

  pages= 107–118, 9780859915908, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Wheeler

  editor2-last= Kindrick

  editor3-last= Salda

  title= The Malory Debate. Essays on the Texts of Le Morte Darthur

  publisher= Boydell & Brewer

  pages= 233–253, 9780859915830, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Gruber

  editor2-last= Jember

  editor3-last= Gruber

  title= Essays on Old, Middle, Modern English and Old Icelandic. In Honor of Raymond P. Tripp Jr.

  publisher= Edwin Mellen

  pages= 361–386, 9780773478589, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Diller

  editor2-last= Görlach

  title= Towards a History of English as a History of Genres

  publisher= C. Winter

  pages= 145–157, 9783825312404, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Lenz

  editor2-last= Möhlig

  title= Of dyuersitie & chaunge of langage. Essays Presented to Manfred Görlach on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday

  publisher= Universitätsverlag Winter

  pages= 305–318, 9783825313227, {{Citation | last = Blake | first = Norman | contribution = Ashbourne, Thomas (fl. 1371-1397), Prior of the Augustinian Convent, London, and Theologian | year = 2004 | title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography }} BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Matsuda

  editor2-last= Linenthal

  editor3-last= Scahill

  title=The Medieval Book and a Modern Collector. Essays in Honour of Toshiyuki Takamiya

  publisher= Boydell & Brewer

  pages= 87–98, 9781843840206, BOOK, Blake, Norman

  editor1-last= Kerby-Fulton

  editor2-last= Thompson

  editor3-last= Baechle

  title= New Directions in Medieval Manuscript Studies and Reading Practices. Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall

  publisher= Notre Dame Press

  pages= 29–40, 978-0-268-03327-9, See also The Canterbury Tales Old English literature Middle English literature Old Norse literature William Shakespeare Elizabethan literature William Caxton References {{Reflist|35em}} External links The Canterbury Tales Project: publishing transcripts, images, collations and analysis of all surviving 15th-century copies {{authority control}}

  
  
  
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