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{{short description|Capital, chief port, and the largest city of Liberia}}{{about|the capital and largest city of Liberia}}{{Lead too short|date=March 2023}}{{Use Liberian English|date=August 2020}}

factoids

Counties of Liberia>CountyFlag of Montserrado County.svg}} MontserradoDistricts of Liberia>DistrictGreater Monrovia District>Greater Monrovia| seat_type = | seat = | parts_type = | parts_style = | parts = | p1 = | p2 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = Local Government of Monroviaweblink}}| leader_title = Mayor| leader_name = John-Charuk Siafi| leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = Established | established_date = April 25, 1822James Monroe - President of the United States>U.S. President| area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 194.25| area_land_km2 = 4523| area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = | population_as_of = 2022 CensusGMT| utc_offset = +0| timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coor_type = 648105region:LR|display=inline,title}}| postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = Köppen climate classification>ClimateTropical monsoon climate>Am| footnotes = }}Monrovia ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|n|ˈ|r|oʊ|v|i|ə}})WEB,weblink Definition of Monrovia, The Free Dictionary, 2014-01-05, {{IPAc-en|m|ə|n|ˈ|r|oʊ|v|i|ə|,_|m|ɒ|n|ˈ|r|oʊ|v|i|ə}})DICTIONARY,weblink Define Monrovia, Dictionary.com, 2014-01-05, {{IPAc-en|m|ə|n|ˈ|r|oʊ|v|i|ə}} is the capital and largest city of Liberia. Founded in 1822, it is located on Cape Mesurado on the Atlantic coast and as of the 2022 census had 1,761,032 residents, home to 33.5% of Liberia’s total population.WEB,weblink Liberia: Counties, Major Cities, Towns & Urban Areas - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information, Its Metro Area including Montserrado and Margibi counties largely being urbanized, was home to 2,225,911 inhabitants as of the 2022 census. As the nation's primate city, Monrovia is the country's economic, financial and cultural center; its economy is primarily centered on its harbor and its role as the seat of Liberian government.

Etymology

Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization of Liberia and the American Colonization Society. Along with Washington, D.C., it is one of two world capitals to be named after a U.S. President.

History

{{see also|Timeline of Monrovia}}(File:Monrovia01.jpg|thumb|Monrovia in the 19th century.)Before 1816, the area around Cape Mesurado and the mouth of the Mesurado River was called Ducor. It had long been established as a crossroads and place of trade, and was inhabited by fishing, trading and farming communities of various ethnicities, including the Dey, Kru, Bassa, Gola, and Vai. The French cartographer and enslaver Chevalier des Marchais visited Ducor and the Cape in 1723, conducted business there and later published a map of the area.In 1816, with the aim of establishing a self-sufficient colony for emancipated American slaves, something that had already been accomplished in Freetown, the first group of African American settlers arrived in West Africa from the United States under the auspices of the American Colonization Society and with the support of the U.S. government.WEB,weblink Map of Liberia, West Africa, World Digital Library, 1830, 2013-06-02, They landed at Sherbro Island in what today is Sierra Leone.On January 7, 1822, a ship took these settlers to Dazoe Island (now called Providence Island) at the mouth of the Mesurado River. They subsequently went ashore at Cape Mesurado, and established a settlement they called Christopolis.Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 193Britannica,Monrovia, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019In 1824, the city was renamed Monrovia after James Monroe, president of the United States at the time. Monroe was a prominent supporter of developing the city as a place to relocate formerly enslaved Black people from the United States of America and Caribbean islands, as an alternative to abolishing the institution of slavery in America.In 1845, there was a constitutional convention in Monrovia, at which the document was drafted that would be adopted two years later as the constitution of the newly independent and sovereign Republic of Liberia.{{citation | first1 = Robin | last1 = Dunn-Marcos | first2 = Konia T. | last2 = Kollehlon | first3 = Bernard | last3 = Ngovo | first4 = Emily | last4 = Russ | date = April 2005 | editor-first = Donald A. | editor-last = Ranard | title = Liberians: An introduction to their history and culture | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = Center for Applied Linguistics | url =weblink | url-status = dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060724191221weblink | archive-date=2006-07-24 }}At the beginning of the 20th century, 2,500 of Monrovia’s 4,000 residents were Americo-Liberian. Monrovia was divided into two sectors: Monrovia proper, and Krutown. Monrovia proper was where the city's Americo-Liberian population resided; the architectural style of its buildings was reminiscent of that of the southern United States. Krutown was inhabited mainly by ethnic Krus, but also by Bassas, Grebos and members of other ethnic groups.BOOK,weblink Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History, 2010-07-04, 9780415234795, Zeleza, Tiyambe, Eyoh, Dickson, 2003, Routledge, By 1926, ethnic groups from Liberia's interior had begun migrating to Monrovia in search of jobs. By 1937, Monrovia’s population had grown to 10,000, and it had 30 police officers.MAGAZINE, 1937-09-13, Liberia Celebrates 90 Years of Independence with Champagne,weblink Life (magazine), Life, 3, 11, 87–88, 0024-3019, File:Carter and Tolbert.png|thumb|left|Visiting US President Jimmy Carter and Liberian President William TolbertWilliam TolbertIn 1979, the Organisation of African Unity held their conference near Monrovia, and it was chaired by the then president of Liberia, William Tolbert. During his term, Tolbert improved public housing in Monrovia and cut in half the tuition fees at the University of Liberia. In 1980, a military coup led by Samuel Doe overthrew the Tolbert government and executed many of its members. Tolbert and many others who were killed were buried in a mass grave in Palm Grove Cemetery.The First Liberian Civil War (1989 to 1997) and Second Liberian Civil War (1999 to 2003) severely damaged many buildings and nearly all the infrastructure in the city, particularly during the siege of Monrovia. There were major battles between Samuel Doe's government forces and Prince Johnson's forces in 1990, and during the National Patriotic Front of Liberia's assault on the city in 1992. During the wars, many children and youths were forced to be involved in the fighting, and were deprived of any schooling, and afterwards, many of them were left homeless.In 2002, Leymah Gbowee organized the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace, as part of which, in Monrovia, local women gathered in a fish market to pray and sing.2009 Peace warrior for Liberia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227090728weblink |date=2009-12-27 }} This movement helped to end the war the following year, and to bring about the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as president of Liberia, which thereby became the first African nation to have a female president.WEB, African women look within for change, CNN.com, 2010-09-23,weblink 2019-08-25, In 2014, the city was affected by the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak.WEB, The terrifying mathematics of Ebolaaccess-date=2014-09-11url =weblink The Ebola virus epidemic in Liberia was declared to be over on 3 September 2015.

Geography

(File:Monrovia Bay.jpg|thumb|The Atlantic Ocean as seen from Monrovia.)Monrovia lies along the Cape Mesurado peninsula, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mesurado River, whose mouth forms a large natural harbor. The Saint Paul River lies directly north of the city and forms the northern boundary of Bushrod Island, which is reached by crossing the "New Bridge" from downtown Monrovia. Monrovia is located in Montserrado County and is Liberia's largest city and its administrative, commercial and financial center.WEB,weblink Liberia Housing Profile, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 14–15, 23, 2014, 2017-10-16,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171017042216weblink">weblink 2017-10-17, dead,

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Monrovia has a tropical monsoon climate (Am).WEB, Climate: Monrovia - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table,weblink Climate-Data.org, 2014-01-05, It is the wettest capital city in the world, with annual rainfall averaging {{convert|182|in|abbr=on}}.The rain in Monrovia It has a wet season and a dry season, but gets precipitation even during the dry season. Temperatures are fairly constant throughout the year, averaging around {{convert|79.5|F}}. The only slight difference are the high temperatures as they are around {{convert|81|F}} in the winter and near {{convert|90|F}} in the summer with lows being around 22–24 year-round.{{Weather box|width = 70%|location = Roberts International Airport, 37 mi east of Monrovia, Liberia|metric first = yes|single line = yes|Jan record high C = 35.0|Feb record high C = 38.0|Mar record high C = 37.0|Apr record high C = 38.0|May record high C = 35.0|Jun record high C = 33.0|Jul record high C = 36.0|Aug record high C = 35.0|Sep record high C = 32.0|Oct record high C = 33.0|Nov record high C = 36.0|Dec record high C = 34.0|Jan high C = 31.8|Feb high C = 32.0|Mar high C = 31.8|Apr high C = 31.5|May high C = 30.5|Jun high C = 28.3|Jul high C = 27.2|Aug high C = 26.8|Sep high C = 27.7|Oct high C = 29.4|Nov high C = 30.3|Dec high C = 30.0|year high C = 29.8|Jan mean C = 26.2|Feb mean C = 27.1|Mar mean C = 27.6|Apr mean C = 27.8|May mean C = 27.4|Jun mean C = 26.0|Jul mean C = 25.1|Aug mean C = 24.9|Sep mean C = 25.4|Oct mean C = 26.1|Nov mean C = 26.7|Dec mean C = 26.4|year mean C = 26.4|Jan low C = 22.0|Feb low C = 23.4|Mar low C = 23.7|Apr low C = 23.8|May low C = 23.9|Jun low C = 23.4|Jul low C = 23.0|Aug low C = 22.9|Sep low C = 23.3|Oct low C = 23.2|Nov low C = 23.5|Dec low C = 22.5|year low C = 23.2|Jan record low C = 15.0|Feb record low C = 18.0|Mar record low C = 18.0|Apr record low C = 21.0|May record low C = 20.0|Jun record low C = 20.0|Jul record low C = 20.0|Aug record low C = 20.0|Sep record low C = 17.0|Oct record low C = 20.0|Nov record low C = 20.0|Dec record low C = 16.0|rain colour = green|Jan rain mm = 51|Feb rain mm = 71|Mar rain mm = 120|Apr rain mm = 154|May rain mm = 442|Jun rain mm = 958|Jul rain mm = 797|Aug rain mm = 354|Sep rain mm = 720|Oct rain mm = 598|Nov rain mm = 237|Dec rain mm = 122|Jan rain days = 4|Feb rain days = 3|Mar rain days = 8|Apr rain days = 12|May rain days = 22|Jun rain days = 24|Jul rain days = 21|Aug rain days = 17|Sep rain days = 24|Oct rain days = 22|Nov rain days = 16|Dec rain days = 9|Jan humidity = 78|Feb humidity = 76|Mar humidity = 77|Apr humidity = 80|May humidity = 79|Jun humidity = 82|Jul humidity = 83|Aug humidity = 84|Sep humidity = 86|Oct humidity = 84|Nov humidity = 80|Dec humidity = 79|Jan sun = 158|Feb sun = 167|Mar sun = 198|Apr sun = 195|May sun = 155|Jun sun = 105|Jul sun = 84|Aug sun = 81|Sep sun = 96|Oct sun = 121|Nov sun = 147|Dec sun = 155| source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (average temperature and extremes only)WEB,weblink Klimatafel von Robertsfield (Int. Flugh.) / Liberia, Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, 15 June 2016, | source 2 = Danish Meteorological InstituteWEB,weblink dead, STATIONSNUMMER 65660, Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Danish Meteorological Institute,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130116071752weblink">weblink January 16, 2013, 15 June 2016, }}

Neighborhoods

(File:Map of Monrovia.png|thumb|300px|A map of central Monrovia in 1996.)File:Monrovia, Liberia Population Density and Low Elevation Coastal Zones (5457306759).jpg|thumb|300px|Population density and low elevation coastal zones. Monrovia is especially vulnerable to sea level risesea level riseMonrovia comprises several districts spread across the Mesurado peninsula; the greater metropolitan area encircles the mouth of the marshy Mesurado River. The historic downtown area, centered on Broad Street, is at the very end of the peninsula; the major market district, Waterside, immediately to its north, faces the city's large natural harbor.Northwest of Waterside is the large, low-income West Point community. To the west and southwest of the downtown area is Mamba Point, traditionally the city's principal diplomatic quarter and home to the embassies of the United States and United Kingdom, as well as the European Union delegation. South of the city center is Capitol Hill, where the major institutions of the national government, including the Temple of Justice and the Executive Mansion, are located.Further east along the peninsula is the Sinkor section of Monrovia. Originally a suburban residential district, today Sinkor is the bustling midtown section of the city. It includes many diplomatic missions, major hotels, businesses, and residential neighborhoods, including informal communities such as Plumkor, Jorkpentown, Lakpazee and Fiamah.Sinkor is also home to the city's secondary airport, Spriggs Payne, and the area immediately next to the airport, called Airfield, is a major nightlife district for the whole city. East of the Airfield is the Old Road section of Sinkor, which is predominantly residential, and includes informal settlements such as Chugbor and Gaye Town.At the southeastern base of the peninsula is the independent township of Congo Town, and to its east is the large suburb of Paynesville. Other suburbs, such as Chocolate City, Gardnersville, Barnesville, Kaba Town, Dandawailo, and New Georgia lie to the north, across the river. On Bushrod Island, north of Monrovia, are the neighborhoods of Clara Town, Logan Town and New Kru Town. To the far east are the suburbs of Stockton Creek Bridge, Caldwell, Louisiana, and Cassava Hill.

Other neighborhoods and suburbs of Monrovia include:

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

• Bakoi
• Banjoa
• Barekling
• Bassa Community
• Buzzi Quarters
• Clara Town
• Crown Hill
• Dixville
• Doin Town
• Dwahn Town
• Duala
• Fanti Town
• Jatuja
• Jacob Town
• Jallah Town
• Logan Town
• Matadi
• New Kru Town
• Old Road
• Point Four
• Red Light
• Slipway
• Snapper Hill
• South Beach
• Toe Town
• Tomo
• Topoe Village
• Vai Town
• Virginia

{{div col end}}

Notable people

• Henry Clifford Boles (1910–1979), American architect, active in Monrovia through the Point Four ProgramBOOK, Wilson, Dreck Spurlock,weblink African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945, March 2004, Routledge, 978-1-135-95629-5, 61–63, en, Henry Clifford Boles,
• Prince Johnson, Liberian politician
• Clarence Kparghai, Swiss ice hockey player
• Sio Moore, American football player
• Aloysius Wleh Penie, Liberian footballer
• Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964), ecological and evolutionary geneticist
• Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former president of Liberia
• Takun J, Liberian musician
• Charles Taylor, former president of Liberia
• Benoni Urey, Liberian businessman
• George Weah, Liberian president and former footballer
• Ashton Youboty, American football player

Economy

{{unreferencedsect|date=June 2023}}(File:Market stall @ Monrovia, Liberia - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Market stall in central Monrovia)Monrovia's economy is dominated by its harbor - the Freeport of Monrovia - and as the location of Liberia's government offices. Monrovia's harbor was significantly expanded by U.S. forces during the Second World War and the main exports include latex and iron ore.Materials are also manufactured on-site, such as cement, refined petroleum, food products, brick and tile, furniture, and chemicals. Located on Bushrod Island between the mouths of the Mesurado and Saint Paul rivers, the harbor also has facilities for storing and repairing vessels.

Transport

File:Robert International Airport, Margibi County, Liberia.jpg|thumb|left|Roberts International AirportRoberts International AirportBoats link the city's Freeport of Monrovia, the country's busiest port, with Greenville and Harper.NEWS, Liberia's Streets, Spirits Brighten; Four Years After War's End, Battered W. African Nation Begins a Slow Reawakening, Timberg, Craig, March 12, 2008, The Washington Post, A8, The nearest airport is Spriggs Payne Airport, located less than four miles ({{convert|4|mi|abbr=out|disp=output only}}) from the city center. Roberts International Airport, the largest international airport in Liberia, is {{convert|37|mi|0|abbr=out}} away in Harbel.Monrovia is connected with the rest of the country via a network of roads and railways. Monrovia is listed as the home port by between ten and fifteen percent of the world's merchant shipping, registered in Liberia under Flag of Convenience arrangements. Both private taxis and minibuses run in the city, and are supplemented by larger buses run by the Monrovia Transit Authority.In recent years (2005–present) the roads on many streets in Monrovia have been rebuilt by the World Bank and the Liberian Government. Private and public infrastructures are being built or renovated as reconstruction takes place.

Administration and government

(File:Liberian Capitol Building.jpg|thumb|Liberian Capitol Building.)Monrovia is situated in the district of Greater Monrovia in Montserrado County. Instead of being divided into clans like other districts of Liberia, Greater Monrovia is divided into 16 "zones". Like clans, these zones are subdivided into 161 communities.WEB, Greater Monrovia, Liberia - Administrative Boundaries Overview,weblink ReliefWeb, Liberia Institute of Statistics & Geo-Information Services, 18 August 2017, WEB, THE TRANSFORMATIVE ROLE OF CITY-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST EBOLA AND BEY OND IN GREATER MONRO VIA, LIBERIA,weblink Cities Alliances, 2 January 2018, 18 November 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171118081948weblink">weblink dead, Greater Monrovia does not have an organized district administration like other districts, with all lower-level local authorities being directly supervised by the Montserrado County Superintendent.WEB, Montserrado County Development Agenda, 2008-2012,weblink emansion.gov.lr/, Republic of Liberia, 2 January 2018, 2 November 2021,weblink dead, Municipally, Greater Monrovia District is subdivided into two city corporations and ten other local authorities (nine townships and one borough).WEB, THE LIBERIA COUNTRY PROGRAMME,weblink Cities Alliance, 2 January 2018, 14 June 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614060659weblink">weblink dead, Established by law in 1973WEB,weblink A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CITY OF MONROVIA - By: Madam Ophelia Hoff Saytumah City Mayor of Monrovia, Monrovia City Corporation, 2007-09-29, 2017-10-16, and operational since 1976,WEB,weblink ORDINANCE NO. 4, TLC Africa, 2017-10-16, 2017-10-16,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171016232057weblink">weblink usurped, the Monrovia City Corporation (MCC) is responsible for the city's administration. The MCC also provides services to the townships and borough through a revenue-sharing arrangement, but has no zoning or enforcement jurisdiction in them.City corporations

• Monrovia City Corporation
• Paynesville City Corporation

Townships

• Barnesville
• Caldwell
• Congo Town
• Dixville
• Gardnersville
• Garworlon
• Johnsonville{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
• New Georgia
• West PointWEB,weblink The First Greater Monrovia City Forum, Cities Alliance, 3, 2017, 2018-01-31, 2018-06-13,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180613143228weblink">weblink dead,

Borough

• New Kru Town

Former mayors include:

• W. F. Nelson, 1870sWEB,weblink Trustees of Donations for Education in Liberia Records: 1842-1939, Massachusetts Historical Society, 3 February 2010, 30 December 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111230161716weblink">weblink dead,
• C. T. O. King, 1880s and served three termsBOOK, Burrowes, Carl Patrick, Power and Press Freedom in Liberia, 1830-1970, Africa World, 2004, 117, 1-59221-294-8,weblink
• H. A. Williams, 1890sBOOK, Payne, Daniel Alexander, A history of the African Methodist Episcopal church: being a volume supplemental to A history of the African Methodist Episcopal church, Book Concern of the A.M.E. Church, 1922, 181,weblink
• Arthur Barclay, 1892–1902{{citation |title=Liberia Bulletin |year=1904 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGgTAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA34 |publisher=American Colonization Society }}
• Gabriel M. Johnson, 1912–1913; 1920–1921WEB,weblink African Series Introduction: Volume VIII: October 1913--June 1921, The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project, UCLA, 3 February 2010, BOOK, Lewis, David Levering,weblink W.E.B. Du Bois, 1993–2000, H. Holt, 0-8050-2621-5, 27727681,
• Thomas J.R. Faulkner, 1914–1918BOOK, Patrick., Burrowes, Carl,weblink Power and press freedom in Liberia, 1830-1970 : the impact of globalization and civil society on media-government relations, 2004, 1-59221-294-8, 1050127437,
• Nathan C. Ross, 1956–1969NEWS, Nathan Ross; Was Mayor Of Monrovia, January 28, 2003, The Washington Post,
• Ellen A. Sandimanie, 1970–1973MAGAZINE, Thompson, Era Bell, January 1972, Liberian Lady Wears Three Hats, Ebony, 54–62,weblink
• Ophelia Hoff Saytumah, 2001–2009
• Mary Broh, February 2009 – February 2013
• Henry Reed Cooper, March 2013 – July 2013
• Clara Doe-Mvogo, March 2014 – January 2018
• Jefferson Tamba Koijee, January 2018 – January 2024

Culture and media

(File:Monrovia, Liberia - panoramio (53).jpg|thumb|Broad Street, Monrovia at night)Cultural attractions in Monrovia include the Liberian National Museum, the Masonic Temple, the Waterside Market, and several beaches. The city also houses Antoinette Tubman Stadium and the Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex, which boasts one of the largest stadiums in Africa, with seats for 40,000.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}The newspaper industry in Monrovia dates back to the 1820s, with the founding of the Liberia Herald, one of the first newspapers to be published in Africa. Today, numerous tabloid-style newspapers are printed daily or bi-weekly, most are 20 pages or less. The Daily Talk is a compilation of news and Bible quotations written daily on a roadside blackboard in the Sinkor section of Monrovia.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}Monrovia also has radio and TV stations. Radio is the dominant source of news, because problems with the electric grid make watching television more difficult. UNMIL Radio has been broadcasting since October 1, 2003, and is the only radio station in Liberia that is on the air 24 hours a day. It reaches an estimated {{frac|2|3}} of the population.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070110095400weblink">weblink dead, UNMIL – Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Liberia, January 10, 2007, www.unmil.org, The state-owned Liberia Broadcasting System broadcasts nationwide from its headquarters in Monrovia.Liberia Broadcasting System (LBS) Goes Nation-Wide. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152013weblink |date=2011-07-22 }} 19 November 2008. Executive Mansion STAR radio broadcasts at 104 FM.About us. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910044813weblink |date=2008-09-10 }} STAR radio. Retrieved on October 13, 2008.

Education

File:Fendell.jpg|thumb|Aerial View of University of LiberiaUniversity of LiberiaMonrovia is home to the University of Liberia, along with African Methodist Episcopal University, United Methodist University, Stella Maris Polytechnic, and many other public and private schools. Medical education is offered at the A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine, and there is a nursing and paramedical school at the Tubman National Institute of Medical Arts.Kindergarten through twelfth grade education is provided by the Monrovia Consolidated School System, which serves the greater Monrovia area. Schools include Monrovia Central High School, Bostwain High School, D. Twe High School, G. W. Gibson High School and William V. S. Tubman High School.The American International School of Monrovia is located in Congo Town.Home page. American International School of Monrovia. Retrieved on April 7, 2015. "Old Road, Congo Town, Monrovia, Liberia, Africa | P.O. Box 1625"

Places of worship

The places of worship in Monrovia are predominantly Christian churches and temples. These include the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monrovia (Catholic Church), the United Methodist Church in Liberia (World Methodist Council), the Liberia Baptist Missionary and Educational convention (Baptist World Alliance) and the Assemblies of God.J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1716 In October 2021, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints announced plans to construct a temple in Monrovia.weblink The city also has Muslim mosques.

Pollution

{{Further|Environmental issues in Liberia}}File:Mesurado River (6831730706).jpg|thumb|Dwellings along the Mesurado RiverMesurado RiverPollution is a significant challenge in Monrovia."Monrovia’s ‘Never-Ending’ Pollution Issues In 2013", Edwin M. Fayia III, The Liberian Observer, December 30, 2014. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226052254weblink |date=December 26, 2016 }} Piles of household and industrial rubbish tend to build up. The World Bank pays sanitation companies to collect it, but collections are irregular.In 2013, the problem of uncollected rubbish in the Paynesville area of Monrovia became so acute that traders and residents burnt "the huge garbage piles that seemed on the verge of cutting off the main road" out of Monrovia to Kakata.Flooding brings additional environmental problems to residents: flood water picks up the waste that has been deposited in swamps at the edge of residential areas, and spreads it around.In 2009, only one-third of Monrovia's 1.5 million people had access to clean toilets. Those without their own toilets defecate in the narrow alleyways between their houses, or on the beach, or into plastic bags that they dump onto nearby piles of rubbish or into the sea."LIBERIA: Disease rife as more people squeeze into fewer toilets", IRIN News, 19 November 2009.Congested housing, a lack of any requirement that landlords provide working toilets, and virtually no urban planning "have combined to create lethal sanitation conditions in the capital"."LIBERIA: No relief as most Monrovians go without toilets", IRIN News, 19 November 2008.

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa#Liberia|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Liberia}}

Twin towns – Sister cities

Monrovia is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|ROC}} Taipei, TaiwanWEB,weblink Taipei - International Sister Cities, 2013-08-23, Taipei City Council,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121102035422weblink">weblink 2012-11-02,
• {{flagicon|USA}} Dayton, Ohio, United States

See also

• John F. Kennedy Medical Center
• Palm Grove Cemetery
• Sacred Heart Cathedral, Monrovia
• Executive Mansion

General:

• History of Liberia

References

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

{{See also|Timeline of Monrovia#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Monrovia}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{wikivoyage|Monrovia}}

• City Map
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110715132341weblink">Map of Greater Monrovia showing population densities
• {hide}Wikisource-inline|list=
  • NIE, Monrovia, 1905, x, x,
  • AMERICANA, Monrovia (Liberia), Monrovia, Liberia, 1920, x, x,
  • COLLIER'S, Monrovia, 1921, x, x,

{edih}{{List of African capitals}}{{James Monroe}}{{Authority control}}{{Spoken Wikipedia|Monrovia.ogg|date=2019-6-19}}