GetWiki

}}File:Jaz Murian satellite.jpg|thumb|Satellite view of Iran, PakistanPakistanFile:Khorfakkan Port.jpg|300px|thumb|Khor Fakkan, a city in the Emirate of Sharjah, has one of the major container ports in the eastern seaboard of the United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab EmiratesFile:Carriers Charles de Gaulle (R91) - Harry S. Truman (CVN-75) and Cavour (550) underway in the Gulf of Oman on 3 January 2014 (140103-N-CL550-634).jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Navy, French Navy, and Italian Navy aircraft carriers conduct operations in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility in the Gulf of Oman.]]The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman ( khalīj ʿumān; daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran ( khalīj makrān; daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.

Extent

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Gulf of Oman as follows:WEB,iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf, Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition, 1953, International Hydrographic Organization, 28 December 2020,www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20111008191433www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20111008191433www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf, 8 October 2011, {{blockquote|

• On the Northwest: A line joining Ràs Limah (25°57’N) on the coast of Arabia and Ràs al Kuh (25°48’N) on the coast of Iran (Persia).
• On the Southeast: The Northern limit of the Arabian Sea [A line joining Ràs al Hadd, East point of Arabia (22°32’N) and Ràs Jiyùni (61°43’E) on the coast of Pakistan].|author=|title=|source=}}

Exclusive economic zone

Exclusive economic zones in Gulf of Oman:WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/968?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/923?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/512?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/911?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, WEB,www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/586?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10, Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, www.seaaroundus.org, {| class=“wikitable” style="font-size:100%”!width=75|Number!width=250|Country!width=100|Area (Km2)

1	{{OMA}}	align=center|108,779

2	{{IRI}}	align=center|65,850

3	{{UAE}}	align=center|4,371

4	{{PAK}}	align=center|2,000

style="background:#9acdff;“!Total

Gulf of Oman >	181,000

Bordering countries

Coastline length of bordering countries:

1. {{IRI}} - 850 km coastline
2. {{OMA}} - 750 km coastline
3. {{UAE}} - 50 km coastline
4. {{PAK}} - 50 km coastline

Alternative names

(File:The western part of the Indian Ocean, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, 1693 from his system of global gores the Makran coast.jpg|thumb|The western part of the Indian Ocean, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, 1693 from his system of global gores the Makran coast)File:MacedonEmpire-2.jpg|thumb|right|220px|alt=Baluch and alexandar’s empire|Paths that Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great{{Further|Makran|Makran Trench|Makran Division|Makran (princely state)|History of Oman#Late 19th and early 20th centuries}}The Gulf of Oman historically and geographically has been referred to by different names by Arabian, Iranian, Indian, Pakistani, and European geographers and travelers, including Makran Sea and Akhzar Sea.WEB,www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?p=pages&id=173, Makran Sea/Gulf of Oman|Mokran Sea or Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Pars sea, www.persiangulfstudies.com, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&q=%5B%5BMakran%5D%5D+Sea&pg=PA29, Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799-1856, Beatrice, Nicolini, 1 January 2004, BRILL, 9004137807,

1. Makran Sea
2. Akhzar Sea
3. Persian Sea (consists of the whole of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman)

Until the 18th century, it was known as Makran Sea and is also visible on historical maps and museums.JOURNAL, Esmaeili, H., Mehraban, Hamidreza, 2017, New geographical record of the lined rockskipper, Istiblennius lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) from the Iranian coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Blenniidae), Check List, 13, 6, 743–746, 10.15560/13.6.743, 90093756, free,

Major ports

• Port of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
• Khor Fakkan Container Terminal, Khor Fakkan, United Arab Emirates
• Port of Chabahar, Chabahar, Iran
• Port Sultan Qaboos, Muttrah, Oman

International trade

The Western side of the gulf connects to the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic route through which a third of the world’s liquefied natural gas and 20% of global oil consumption passes from Middle East producers.NEWS, 2 oil tankers were damaged in possible attacks in the Gulf of Oman,www.vox.com/2019/6/13/18677289/oil-tankers-iran-gulf-oman-attack, Vox, 13 June 2019,

Ecology

{{Further|Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert|Persian Gulf#Wildlife}}In 2018, scientists confirmed the Gulf of Oman contains one of the world’s largest marine dead zones, where the ocean contains little or no oxygen and marine wildlife cannot exist. The dead zone encompasses nearly the entire {{convert|63700|sqmi|km2|order=flip|adj=on}} Gulf of Oman and equivalent to the size of Florida, United States of America. The cause is a combination of increased ocean warming and increased runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers.WEB,e360.yale.edu/digest/scientists-confirm-florida-sized-dead-zone-in-the-gulf-of-oman, Scientists Confirm Florida-Sized Dead Zone in the Gulf of Oman, Yale Environment 360, 30 April 2018, 30 April 2018,

International underwater rail tunnel

In 2018, a rail tunnel under the sea was suggested to link the UAE with the western coast of India. The bullet train tunnel would be supported by pontoons and be nearly {{convert|2000|km|mi}} in length.“A 2,000-km-long underwater rail will connect Mumbai to the UAE very soon!”, Times of India, 30 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2021“The UAE Wants an Underwater Bullet Train to India”, Futurism.com, 5 December 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2021

Pop culture

In the Battlefield video game series, the Gulf of Oman is a map used in Battlefield 2, Battlefield 3, Battlefield Play4Free and Battlefield 4 with the United States Marines Corps (USMC) invading the shore of Oman with the fictional Middle Eastern Coalition (MEC) defending it in Battlefield 2, and with Russian Ground Forces defending it in Play4Free, Battlefield 3 and Battlefield 4.

See also

• Strait of Hormuz
• Persian Gulf
• Eastern Arabia
• Musandam Peninsula
• (History of the United Arab EmiratesThe pearling industry and the Portuguese empire: 16th - 18th century)
• Saeed bin ButtiPerpetual Maritime Truce
• Trucial States
• Sultan bin Saqr Al QasimiPerpetual Maritime Truce of 1853
• Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
• Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
• General Maritime Treaty of 1820
• May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
• June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
• Geography of Oman
• Geography of Iran
• Geography of United Arab Emirates
• Geography of Pakistan

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• “The Book of Duarte Barbosa” by Duarte Barbosa, Mansel Longworth Dames. 1989. p. 79. {{ISBN|81-206-0451-2}}
• “The Natural History of Pliny”. by Pliny, Henry Thomas Riley, John Bostock. 1855. p. 117
• “The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf” by Samuel Barrett Miles - 1966. p. 148
• “The Life & Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner”. by Daniel Defoe. 1895. p. 279
• “The Outline of History: Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind”. by Herbert George Well. 1920. p. 379.
• “The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge” by Johann Jakob Herzog, Philip Schaff, Albert Hauck. 1910. p. 242

{{List of seas}}{{Authority control}}