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{{about|a hamlet of Nunavut|the electoral district of the same name|Gjoa Haven (electoral district)|other uses}}{{use Canadian English|date=December 2022}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}

factoids

HTTPS://WWW.ELECTIONS.NU.CA/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/DOCUMENTS/2021%20GE%20RESULTS_0.PDF ACCESS-DATE=26 DECEMBER 2022, Elections Nunavut, |leader_title = Mayor|leader_name = Megan PorterLegislative Assembly of Nunavut>MLA|leader_name1 = Tony AkoakParliament of Canada>MP|leader_name2 = Lori Idlout|area_footnotes = (2021)|area_total_km2 = 28.55|population_as_of = 2021|population_footnotes =|population_total = 1,349|population_blank1_title = Population Centre|population_blank1 = 1,110|population_density_blank1_km2 = 1,586.2Census geographic units of Canada#Population centres>Population Centre|area_blank1_km2 = 0.70|population_density_km2 = 47.3Mountain Time Zone>MST|utc_offset = −07:00|timezone_DST = MDT|utc_offset_DST = −06:0068309540region:CA-NU_type:city_scale:20000OAGHLdisplay= inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes =Elevation at airport. {{CFS}}|elevation_m = 47|postal_code_type = Canadian Postal codeList of X postal codes of Canada>X0B 1J0Area code 867>867{{URLweblink}}}}|footnotes =}}Gjoa Haven ({{IPAc-en|ËŒ|dÊ’|oÊŠ|_|ˈ|h|eɪ|v|É™n}}; Inuktitut: Uqsuqtuuq, syllabics: ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ {{IPA-iku|uq.suq.tuːq}}, meaning "lots of fat", referring to the abundance of sea mammals in the nearby waters; {{IPA-fr|É¡Ê’É”a avɑ̃}} or (Help:IPA/French|[É¡Ê’É”a evÉ™n)]) is an Inuit hamlet in Nunavut, above the Arctic Circle, located in the Kitikmeot Region, {{cvt|1056|km}} northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. It is the only settlement on King William Island.

Etymology

The name Gjoa Haven is from the Norwegian or "Gjøa's Harbour"; it was named by early 20th-century polar explorer Roald Amundsen after his ship Gjøa. This was derived from the old Norse name Gyða, a compressed compound form of Guðfríðr ( "god" and "beautiful"').

History

(File:Sled, Gjoa Haven, September 2019.jpg|thumb|left|Sled on the beach, September 2019)In 1903, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen had entered the area on his ship Gjøa in an expedition intending to travel through the Northwest Passage. By October the straits through which he was travelling began to ice up. Amundsen put Gjøa into a natural harbour on the southeast coast of King William Island. He stayed there, in what Amundsen called "the finest little harbor in the world", for nearly two years. He and his crew spent much of that time with the local Netsilik, learning from them the skills to live off the land and travel efficiently in the Arctic environment. This knowledge proved to be vital for Amundsen's later successful exploration to the South Pole. He explored the Boothia Peninsula, searching for the exact location of the north magnetic pole.(File:Sunset Gjoa.jpg|thumb|left|Sunset over the horizon, March 2016)Some Inuit in Gjoa Haven with European ancestry have claimed to be descendants of Amundsen (or one of his six crew, whose names have not remained as well known). Accounts by members of the expedition told of their relations with Inuit women, and historians have speculated that Amundsen might also have taken a partner,"Vi er Amundsens etterkommere" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104143441weblink |date=4 November 2007}}, Aften Posten although he wrote a warning against this."Roald Amundsen Descendants in Gjoa Haven?" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416070253weblink |date=16 April 2013}}, Fram Museum, 27 January 2012 Specifically, half brothers Bob Konona and Paul Ikuallaq say that their father Luke Ikuallaq (b. 1904) told them on his deathbed that he was the son of Amundsen. Konona said that their father Ikuallaq was left out on the ice to die after his birth, as his European ancestry made him illegitimate to the Inuit, threatening their community. His Inuit grandparents saved him. In 2012, Y-DNA analysis, with the families' permission, showed that Ikuallaq (and his sons) was not a match to the direct male line of Amundsen. Not all descendants claiming European ancestry have been tested for a match to Amundsen, nor has there been a comparison of Ikuallaq's DNA to that of other European members of Amundsen's crew.Permanent European-style settlement at Gjoa Haven started in 1927 when the Hudson's Bay Company opened a trading post.WEB,weblink Gjoa Haven, 26 December 2022, The Canadian Encyclopedia, In 1941 Henry Larsen reached the post from the west. The settlement has attracted the traditionally nomadic Inuit as they have adapted a more settled lifestyle.In 1961, the town's population was 110. By 2001, the population was 960 according to the census, as most Inuit have moved from their traditional camps to be close to the healthcare and educational facilities available at Gjoa Haven.Gjoa Haven has expanded to such an extent that a newer subdivision has been developed near the airport at {{coord|68|37|56|N|095|52|04|W|scale:20000}}.The community is served by the Gjoa Haven Airport and by annual supply sealift. The area is home to CAM-CB, a North Warning System site.

Demographics

{{Historical populations| title = Federal census population history of Gjoa Haven| type = Canada| align = left| width =| state =| shading =| percentages =4205236501991 Canadian census>1991|7831996 Canadian census>1996|8792001 Canadian census>2001|9602006 Canadian census>2006|10642011 Canadian census>2011|12792016 Canadian census>2016|13242021 Canadian census>2021|1349| footnote =Statistics CanadaHTTPS://PUBLICATIONS.GC.CA/COLLECTIONS/COLLECTION_2017/STATCAN/CS94-905-1981.PDF PUBLISHER=STATISTICS CANADA ACCESS-DATE=1 FEBRUARY 2022, HTTPS://PUBLICATIONS.GC.CA/COLLECTIONS/COLLECTION_2013/STATCAN/RH-HC/CS92-101-1987.PDF > TITLE=1986 CENSUS: POPULATION - CENSUS DIVISIONS AND CENSUS SUBDIVISIONS STATISTICS CANADA > DATE=SEPTEMBER 1987 PUBLISHER=STATISTICS CANADA ACCESS-DATE=1 FEBRUARY 2022, HTTPS://PUBLICATIONS.GC.CA/COLLECTIONS/COLLECTION_2012/STATCAN/RH-HC/CS93-357-1997.PDF > TITLE=96 CENSUS: A NATIONAL OVERVIEW - POPULATION AND DWELLING COUNTS STATISTICS CANADA > DATE=APRIL 1997 PUBLISHER=STATISTICS CANADA ACCESS-DATE=1 FEBRUARY 2022, HTTPS://WWW12.STATCAN.GC.CA/CENSUS-RECENSEMENT/2006/DP-PD/HLT/97-550/INDEX.CFM?TPL=P1C&PAGE=RETR&LANG=ENG&T=302&SR=1&S=1&O=A&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=62 > TITLE=POPULATION AND DWELLING COUNTS, FOR CANADA, PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES, AND CENSUS SUBDIVISIONS (MUNICIPALITIES), 2006 AND 2001 CENSUSES - 100% DATA (NUNAVUT) STATISTICS CANADA > DATE=20 AUGUST 2021 PUBLISHER=STATISTICS CANADA ACCESS-DATE=1 FEBRUARY 2022, HTTPS://WWW12.STATCAN.GC.CA/CENSUS-RECENSEMENT/2016/DP-PD/HLT-FST/PD-PL/TABLE.CFM?LANG=ENG&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=62 > TITLE=POPULATION AND DWELLING COUNTS, FOR CANADA, PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES, AND CENSUS SUBDIVISIONS (MUNICIPALITIES), 2016 AND 2011 CENSUSES – 100% DATA (NUNAVUT) STATISTICS CANADA > DATE=8 FEBRUARY 2017, 1 February 2022, }}In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Gjoa Haven had a population of 1,349 living in 292 of its 339 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1349-1324}}|1324|1}} from its 2016 population of 1,324. With a land area of {{cvt|28.55|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1349|28.55|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021. The median age of the community was 23.0 with 22.0 for men and 23.8 for women. The average age was 26.5 with 26.4 for men and 26.6 for women.WEB,weblink Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Gjoa Haven, Hamlet (HAM) Nunavut [Census subdivision], Statistics Canada, 26 April 2022, 10 June 2022, In the 2021 Canadian census, Gjoa Haven's Population Centre recorded 1,110 people living in an area of {{cvt|0.70|km2}}, giving a population density of {{Pop density|1110|0.70|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.WEB,weblink Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Gjoa Haven Nunavut [Population centre], Statistics Canada, 26 April 2022, 10 June 2022,

Attractions

(File:Nattilik Heritage Centre, Gjoa Haven, September 2019.jpg|thumb|Nattilik Heritage Centre, September 2019)

• Nattilik Heritage Centre - a museum and heritage centre, opened on 17 October 2013, with a collection of handmade harpoons, snow goggles and snow knives purchased by Amundsen and repatriated to Canada and to the community from where they first came, after years on display at the Museum of Cultural History, Oslo. There is local art available for purchasing."Nattilik heritage centre opens its doors {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001723weblink |date=11 September 2014 }}, Nunatsiaq Online
• Northwest Passage Territorial Park, shows the history of the exploration of the Northwest Passage as it relates to the area

Religion

Two churches are located in the hamlet:

• Immaculate Heart of Mary Roman Catholic Church
• Old Gjoa Haven Church

Government services

(File:All terrain vehicles are a common mode of transport in Gjoa Haven, September 2019.jpg|thumb|All terrain vehicle (ATV), September 2019)(File:Sled and Town.jpg|thumb|left|Sled on snow bank overlooking the Hamlet, April 2015)

Local

• Gjoa Haven RCMP Detachment
• Gjoa Haven Fire Department
• Gjoa Haven Hamlet Council
• Gjoa Haven Continuing Care - a 10-bed, 24/7 health care facility opened in 2010"Nunavut provides more care closer to home" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002335weblink |date=11 September 2014 }}, Nunatsiaq Online

Territorial

• Gjoa Haven Nunavut Water Board
• Gjoa Haven Lands Administration Office
• Nunavut Social Services Department
• Nunavut Power Corporation
• Nunavut Economic Development Office

Climate

Gjoa Haven has a tundra climate (ET) with short but cool summers and long cold winters.{{Gjoa Haven weatherbox}}

Economy

(File:Co-Op.jpg|thumb|Qikiqtaq Co-Op, April 2015)Most employment in Gjoa Haven is with government services; there are a few commercial employers:

• CAP Enterprises Limited – construction and heavy equipment
• Northern Store – retail store
• The Inns North Amundsen Hotel – 16 rooms in a two-storey structure built in 1995
• Qikiqtaq Co-op Limited – retail store
• Gjoa Haven Community Airport Radio Station – operating from Gjoa Haven Airport

Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site

File:Inuit_guardians_from_Gjoa_Haven_on_MS_Ocean_Endeavour_as_part_of_the_trial_visitor_experience,_2019.jpg|thumb|Inuit guardians from Gjoa Haven on alt=The discovery of HMS Terror and HMS Erebus shipwrecks from the Franklin's lost expedition is expected to bring increased tourism to Gjoa Haven, the nearest community to the Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site.WEB,weblink As Franklin's lure brings people North, Gjoa Haven seeks its share of tourism dollars, The Canadian Press, 17 September 2017, WEB, Paul, Watson,weblink Franklin wreck could help float fortunes of Arctic community, Toronto Star, 23 March 2015, Public access to the site is not allowed. To protect the site, Inuit from Gjoa Haven are employed as guardians, camping near the wreck sites to monitor access to the sites.WEB,weblink Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site, Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada, 6 June 2019, www.pc.gc.ca, live,weblink 4 September 2019, 4 October 2019, WEB,weblink Inuit guardians program, 27 May 2019, Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site, Parks Canada, live,weblink 8 October 2019, 8 October 2019, The Nattilik Heritage Centre will be expanded to create a visitor centre for the historic site.WEB,weblink Inuit, Parks Canada close to deal on Franklin wrecks national historic site, DeGeorge, Krestia, 18 October 2018, Arctic Today, en-US, live,weblink 13 October 2019, 13 October 2019, WEB,weblink Inuit, Parks Canada close to deal on Franklin wrecks national historic site, George, Jane, 18 October 2018, Arctic Today, live,weblink 13 October 2019, 13 October 2019,

Education

Gjoa Haven has three schools:

• Quqshuun Ilihakvik Elementary School
• Qiqirtaq Ilihakvik High School
• Nunavut Arctic College

Broadband communications

The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice.

Culture

(File:Square dancing at the Gjoa Haven community hall, 2019.webm|thumb|Moon Dance team performing square dancing at the Gjoa Haven community hall, 2019)Square dancing is very popular in Gjoa Haven with many teams competing in annual showdowns (square dance tournaments).NEWS,weblink Square dance showdowns compete for participants, Neary, Derek, 3 March 2018, News/North, 8 October 2019, NEWS,weblink Preparing for the 10th square dance showdown, Neary, Derek, 23 October 2018, News/North, 8 October 2019, Inuit learned square dancing from the Scottish and American whalers active in the area in the mid-1800s. It is generally accompanied by accordion (or concertina) and fiddles and has its roots in round dances from Great Britain rather than Western American square dance. A single dance can take from 40 minutes to over an hour.WEB,weblink Modern Inuit Music, Pulaarvik Kablu Friendship Centre,weblink 8 October 2019, 8 October 2019,

Notable people

• Leona Aglukkaq, politician, first Inuk to be appointed to the Cabinet of Canada.
• Tony Akoak, territorial politician
• Michael Angottitauruq, territorial politician
• Uriash Puqiqnak, soapstone carver and territorial politician
• Simon Tookoome, author

See also

• List of municipalities in Nunavut

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

• Huntford, R. (2003). Scott and Amundsen: The last place on earth. London: Abacus., {{ISBN|0-349-11395-5}}

External links

{{Commons category|Gjoa Haven}}{{Wikivoyage}}

• Official website of the Hamlet of Gjoa Haven
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051101202059weblink">Aerial photos of Gjoa Haven
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20220127133028weblink">Gjoa Haven, Government of Nunavut
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050901125547weblink">About Gjoa Haven, Inuit Art/Eskimo Art

{{Subdivisions of Nunavut}}{{Authority control}}