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	Federal government of the United States>U.S. Federal Government| headquarters = White House, Washington, D.C., U.S.| employees = 1,800 (approximately)		ARCHIVE-DATE=2017-05-01	TITLE= FY 2017 OMNIBUS SUMMARY – FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS	DATE= MAY 1, 2017, May 1, 2017, | chief1_name = Jeff Zients| chief1_position = White House Chief of Staff| chief2_name = | chief2_position = | child1_agency =	weblink|whitehouse.gov}}}}The Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP) comprises the offices and agenciesREPORT,weblink The Executive Office of the President: A Historical Overview, Harold C. Relyea, Congressional Research Service, November 26, 2008, April 17, 2018, Washington, D.C., that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government.WEB, The USAGov program, Executive Office of the President,weblink 2024-02-10, USAGov, The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office (the staff working directly for and reporting to the president, including West Wing staff and the president's closest advisers), the National Security Council, and the Office of Management and Budget.WEB, The White House, Executive Office of the President,weblink 2024-02-10, The White House, The office is also referred to as a "permanent government", since many policy programs, and the people who are charged with implementing them, continue between presidential administrations.BOOK, Mckeever, Robert J., 2014, A Brief Introduction to US Politics, 10.4324/9781315837260, 978-1315837260, The civil servants who work in the Executive Office of the President are regarded as nonpartisan and politically neutral, so they are capable of providing objective and impartial advice.With the increase in technological and global advancement, the size of the White House staff has increased to include an array of policy experts responsible with managing various federal governmental functions and policy areas. As of 2015, it included approximately 1,800 positions,WEB,weblink The Executive Branch, April 1, 2015, whitehouse.gov, March 5, 2021, most of which did not require confirmation from the U.S. Senate.The office is overseen by the White House chief of staff. Since February 8, 2023, that position has been held by Jeff Zients, who was appointed by President Joe Biden.WEB,weblink Library Guides: United States Federal Government Resources: The Executive Office of the President, Hartnett, Cass, guides.lib.uw.edu, en, January 5, 2019, WEB,weblink I am pleased to announce that Mick Mulvaney, Director of the Office of Management & Budget, will be named Acting White House Chief of Staff, replacing General John Kelly, who has served our Country with distinction. Mick has done an outstanding job while in the Administration...., Trump, Donald J., December 14, 2018, @realDonaldTrump, en, January 5, 2019, WEB,weblink Trump names Mulvaney acting chief of staff, Swanson, Ian, December 14, 2018, The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, en, January 5, 2019, WEB,weblink John F. Kelly says his tenure as Trump's chief of staff is best measured by what the president did not do, O'Toole, Molly, Los Angeles Times, January 5, 2019, December 30, 2018, History missing image! - Exec bldg.JPG - The Eisenhower Executive Office Building at night In 1937, the Brownlow Committee, which was a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts, recommended sweeping changes to the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, including the creation of the Executive Office of the President. Based on these recommendations, President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939 lobbied Congress to approve the Reorganization Act of 1939. The Act led to Reorganization Plan No. 1,NEWS, Roosevelt, Franklin D.,weblink Message to Congress on the Reorganization Act, April 25, 1939, John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project, Santa Barbara, University of California, May 6, 2011, which created the office,BOOK, Mosher, Frederick C., American Public Administration: Past, Present, Future, 2nd, Birmingham, University of Alabama Press, 1975, 0817348298, which reported directly to the president.The office encompassed two subunits at its outset, the White House Office (WHO) and the Bureau of the Budget, the predecessor to today's Office of Management and Budget, which was created in 1921 and originally located in the Treasury Department. It absorbed most of the functions of the National Emergency Council.NEWS, Roosevelt, Franklin D.,weblink Message to Congress on Plan II to Implement the Reorganization Act, May 9, 1939, John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, The American Presidency Project, Santa Barbara, University of California, The plan provides for the abolition of the National Emergency Council and the transfer to the Executive Office of the President of all its functions with the exception of the film and radio activities which go to the Office of Education., May 6, 2011, Initially, the new staff system appeared more ambitious on paper than in practice; the increase in the size of the staff was quite modest at the start. However, it laid the groundwork for the large and organizationally complex White House staff that emerged during the presidencies of Roosevelt's successors.WEB,weblink The Executive Office of the President: An Historical Overview, Harold C., Relyea, Congressional Research Service, March 17, 2008, April 14, 2008, Roosevelt's efforts are also notable in contrast to those of his predecessors in office. During the 19th century, presidents had few staff resources. Thomas Jefferson had one messenger and one secretary at his disposal, both of whose salaries were paid by the president personally. It was not until 1857 that Congress appropriated money ($2,500) for the hiring of one clerk.BOOK, Burke, John P., The institutional presidency, 1992, Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 978-0-8018-4316-7, Interpreting American politics, Baltimore, 4, By Ulysses S. Grant's presidency (1869–1877), the staff had grown to three.BOOK, Calhoun, Charles W., The presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, 2017, University Press of Kansas, 978-0-7006-2484-3, American presidency series, Lawrence (Kan.), 77, By 1900, the White House staff included one "secretary to the president" (then the title of the president's chief aide), two assistant secretaries, two executive clerks, a stenographer, and seven other office personnel. Under Warren G. Harding, there were thirty-one staff, although most were clerical positions.During Herbert Hoover's presidency, two additional secretaries to the president were added by Congress, one of whom Hoover designated as his press secretary.BOOK, Sander, Alfred D., A staff for the president: the executive office, 1921-1952, 1989, Greenwood Pr, 978-0-313-26526-6, 1. publ, Contributions in political science, New York, 52–53, From 1933 to 1939, as he greatly expanded the scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to the Great Depression, Roosevelt relied on his "brain trust" of top advisers, who were often appointed to vacant positions in agencies and departments, from which they drew their salaries, since the White House lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create new staff positions.After World War II, in particular during the Eisenhower presidency, the staff was expanded and reorganized. Eisenhower, a former U.S. Army general, had been Supreme Allied Commander during the war, and reorganized the Executive Office to suit his leadership style.JOURNAL, Patterson, Bradley H., 1994, Teams and Staff: Dwight Eisenhower's Innovations in the Structure and Operations of the Modern White House, 27551241, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 24, 2, 277–298, Today, the staff is much bigger. Estimates indicate some 3,000 to 4,000 persons serve in office staff positions with policy-making responsibilities, with a budget of $300 to $400 million (George W. Bush's budget request for Fiscal Year 2005 was for $341 million in support of 1,850 personnel).WEB,weblink Administration of the White House, John P., Burke, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, June 6, 2009, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101117160520weblink">weblink November 17, 2010, Some observers have noted a problem of control for the president due to the increase in staff and departments, making coordination and cooperation between the various departments of the Executive Office more difficult.BOOK, US politics today, Ashbee, Edward, 978-1526124517, 1108740337, 2019, Organization {{redirect|Special Assistant to the President|the Philippine position title|Special Assistant to the President (Philippines)}}The president had the power to reorganize the Executive Office due to the 1949 Reorganization Act which gave the president considerable discretion, until 1983 when it was renewed due to President Reagan's administration allegedly encountering "disloyalty and obstruction".The chief of staff is the head of the Executive Office and can therefore ultimately decide what the president needs to deal with personally and what can be dealt with by other staff.Senior staff within the Executive Office of the President have the title Assistant to the President, second-level staff have the title Deputy Assistant to the President, and third-level staff have the title Special Assistant to the President.WEB, Kumar, Martha Joynt, Assistants to the President at 18 Months: White House Turnover Among the Highest Ranking Staff and Positions,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181113044941weblink">weblink 2018-11-13, live, whitehousetransitionproject.org, November 24, 2020, The core White House staff appointments, and most Executive Office officials generally, are not required to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate, although there are a handful of exceptions (e.g., the director of the Office of Management and Budget, the chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the United States Trade Representative).WEB, The Executive Branch – The White House,weblink 2023-08-29, trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov, The information in the following table is current as of January 20, 2021. Only principal executives are listed; for subordinate officers, see individual office pages.{{anchor|EOP Principal executives}}{| class="wikitable sortable"|+Members of the Executive Office of the President of the United States!scope="col"|Agency!scope="col"|Principal executive!scope="col"|Incumbent
White House Office	White House Chief of Staff>Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff|Jeff Zients
National Security Council	National Security Advisor (United States)>Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs|Jake Sullivan
United States Homeland Security Council	{{efn>shares staff with the National Security Council}}	Homeland Security Advisor>Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism{{efn|reports to the National Security Advisor}}|Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
Council of Economic Advisers|Chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers|Jared Bernstein
Council on Environmental Quality|Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality	Brenda Mallory (public official)>Brenda Mallory
Executive Residence Staff and Operations|White House Chief Usher|Robert B. Downing
National Space Council|Executive Secretary of the National Space Council		DATE = AUGUST 2, 2021,
President's Intelligence Advisory Board|Chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board	James A. Winnefeld Jr.>Sandy Winnefeld
Office of Administration|Director of the Office of Administration|Anne Filipic
Office of Management and Budget|Director of the Office of Management and Budget|Shalanda Young
Office of National Drug Control Policy|Director of National Drug Control Policy|Rahul Gupta
Office of the National Cyber Director|National Cyber Director| Harry Coker
Office of Science and Technology Policy|Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy| Arati Prabhakar
Office of the United States Trade Representative|United States Trade Representative|Katherine Tai
Office of the Vice President of the United States	Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States>Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President|Lorraine Voles

White House offices

The White House Office (including its various offices listed belowWEB, February 12, 2016, EXECUTIVE BRANCH,weblink U.S. Government Publishing Office, ) is a sub-unit of the Executive Office of the President (office). The various agencies of the office are listed above.{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Office of the Chief of Staff
• Office of the National Security Advisor
• Domestic Policy Council
• National Economic Council
• Office of Cabinet Affairs
• Office of Digital Strategy
• White House Office of Communications
• Office of the First Lady
• Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
• Office of Legislative Affairs
• Office of Management and Administration
• Office of Political Affairs
• Office of Public Engagement
• Office of Presidential Personnel
• Office of Scheduling and Advance
• Office of the Staff Secretary
• Office of White House Counsel
• Oval Office Operations
• White House Fellows
• White House Military Office

{{div col end}}{{Biden Executive Office|state=expanded}}

Congress

Congress as well as the president has some control over the Executive Office of the President. Some of this authority stems from its appropriation powers given by the Constitution, such as the "power of the purse", which affects the Office of Management and Budget and the funding of the rest of federal departments and agencies. Congress also has the right to investigate the operation of the Executive Office, normally holding hearings bringing forward individual personnel to testify before a congressional committee.The Executive Office often helps with legislation by filling in specific points understood and written by experts, as Congressional legislation sometimes starts in broad terms.

Budget history

This table specifies the budget of the Executive Office for the years 2008–2017, and the actual outlays for the years 1993–2007.{| class=wikitable!Year!Budget|2017|$714 million|2016PUBLISHER= HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2015PUBLISHER=HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2014PUBLISHER=HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2013PUBLISHER=HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2012PUBLISHER=HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2011PUBLISHER=CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2010ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-09-19 TITLE= FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT (FSGG): FY2010 APPROPRIATIONS DATE= FEBRUARY 4, 2010, May 1, 2017, |2009ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-09-07 TITLE= FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT (FSGG): FY2009 APPROPRIATIONS DATE= MAY 12, 2009, May 1, 2017, |2008PUBLISHER=CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE ACCESS-DATE= MAY 1, 2017, |2007PUBLISHER=OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ACCESS-DATE=JUNE 30, 2019, {{clarifydate=June 2021}}|2006|$5379 million|2005|$7686 million|2004|$3349 million|2003|$386 million|2002|$451 million|2001|$246 million|2000|$283 million|1999|$417 million|1998|$237 million|1997|$221 million|1996|$202 million|1995|$215 million|1994|$231 million|1993|$194 million

See also

• Title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• White House Records Office

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

• Executive Office of the President {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120171257weblink |date=January 20, 2021 }}
• The Debate Over Selected Presidential Assistants and Advisors: Appointment, Accountability, and Congressional Oversight Congressional Research Service
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111008182342weblink">Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the Executive Office of the President of the United States
• {{Gutenberg author | id=33745}}
• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Executive Office of the President of the United States}}

{{EOP agencies}}{{White House|state=collapsed}}{{United States topics}}{{Authority control}}