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China Airlines Flight 611
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|2002 passenger plane disintegration above the Taiwan Strait}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Aircraft
The aircraft involved, registered as {{Airreg|B|18255}}, (originally registered as B-1866), MSN 21843, was the only Boeing 747-200 passenger aircraft left in China Airlines's fleet at the time. The plane had its maiden flight on 16 July 1979 and was delivered to the airline on 31 July. The aircraft had logged more than 64,800 hours of flight time at the time of the accident. The plane was equipped with 4 Pratt and Whitney JT9D-7AW engines and had a 355-seat configuration.WEB,weblink China Airlines, 22 April 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20020804151531weblink">weblink 4 August 2002, NEWS, Marshall, Tyler, Tsai, Ting-I, Jet Crashes Off Taiwan With 225 People Aboard,weblink 11 November 2014, Los Angeles Times, 26 May 2002, WEB, B-18255 China Airlines Boeing 747-200,weblink 2020-07-08, www.planespotters.net, Plane Spotters, WEB, China Airlines B-18255 (Boeing 747 - MSN 21843) (Ex B-1866),weblink 2020-07-08, www.airfleets.net, Airfleets aviation, WEB, B-18255 Seat Plan,weblink 8 July 2020, www.iasa.com.au, International Aviation Safety Association, 11 May 2019,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190511051933weblink">weblink dead, Prior to the crash, China Airlines had sold B-18255 to Orient Thai Airlines for US$1.45 million. The accident flight was to be the aircraft's penultimate flight for China Airlines, as it was scheduled to be delivered to Orient Thai Airlines after its return flight from Hong Kong to Taipei. After the crash, the contract to sell the aircraft was voided and Orient Thai replaced it with another 747.Only four passenger 747-200s were delivered to China Airlines, all from 1979 to 1980. The other three had been in full passenger service until 1999 when they were converted to freighters. They were immediately grounded by the ROC's Civil Aviation Administration (CAA) after the crash for maintenance checks.WEB, Ranter, Harro, ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-209B B-18255,weblink 3 November 2014, Aviation Safety Network, Flight Safety Foundation, NEWS, Bradsher, Keith,weblink Taiwan Airliner Broke Apart in Midair, Investigators Say, 27 May 2002, The New York Times, 3 November 2014, 0362-4331, WEB, China Airlines Boeing 747s from 1985-1999,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140924105601weblink">weblink 24 September 2014, 3 November 2014, www.planespotters.net, Plane Spotters,Flight and disaster
The flight took off at 15:08 local time (07:08 UTC), and was scheduled to arrive at Hong Kong at 16:28 Hong Kong Time (08:28 UTC). The flight crew consisted of 51-year-old Captain Yi Ching-Fong,{{#tag:ref|Yi Ching-Fong: {{zh|t=ææ¸ è±|p=Yì QÄ«ngfÄng|tp=I Cingfong|first=t|labels=no}}|group=note}} 52-year-old First Officer Shieh Yea Shyong,{{#tag:ref|Shieh Yea Shyong: {{zh|t=è¬äºé|p=Xiè Yà xióng|tp=Syieh Yasyong |first=t|labels=no}}|group=note}} and 54-year-old Flight Engineer Chao Sen Kuo.{{#tag:ref|Chao Sen Kuo: {{zh|t=è¶çå|p=Zhà o Shèngguó|tp=Jhao Shengkuo|first=t|labels=no}}|group=note}}WEB, 25 May 2002, News update of China Airlines CI611 Flight,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20020806133556weblink">weblink 6 August 2002, 3 May 2009, China Airlines, WEB, 28 May 2002, Version time: 2002/05/28 PM 02:00 CI 611 / 25 May,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20020806075338weblink">weblink 6 August 2002, 3 May 2009, China Airlines, All three pilots were highly experienced â both pilots had more than 10,100 hours of flying time and the flight engineer had logged more than 19,100 flight hours.JOURNAL, 25 February 2005, In-Flight Breakup Over the Taiwan Strait Northeast of Makung, Penghu Island, China Airlines Flight CI611, Boeing 747-200, B-18255, May 25, 2002,weblink Aviation Occurrence Report, Taipei, Taiwan, Aviation Safety Council, 2, ASC-AOR-05-02-001, 2020-09-09, {{rp|page=3}}At 15:16, the flight was cleared to climb to flight level 350âabout {{convert|35000|ft}}. At 15:33, contact with the plane was lost.NEWS, Bhandari, Amit,weblink Catastrophic failure, but how?, 26 May 2002, The Times of India, 3 May 2009, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160816083056weblink">weblink 16 August 2016, Ananthanarayanan, Ravi, All but one of the 225 persons on board the plane were Chinese. Most were from Taiwan, while others came from China, Hong Kong, Macau, or Singapore. The only non-Chinese foreigner was Swiss, identified by The Taipei Times "as a Mr Luigi Heer.", NEWS, Bradsher, Keith,weblink Taiwanese Airliner With 225 Aboard Crashes in Sea, 25 May 2002, The New York Times, 3 November 2014, 0362-4331, Chang Chia-juch, the Taiwanese Vice Minister of Transportation and Communications at that time, said that two Cathay Pacific aircraft in the area received B-18255's emergency location-indicator signals.NEWS, Low, Stephanie, Yu-jung, Chang, 26 May 2002, CAL 747 crashes with 225 aboard, Taipei Times,weblink All 19 crew members, as well as 190 passengers on board, were Taiwanese, including two United Daily News reporters and a former legislator. In addition to 14 Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese residents, foreign passengers also included one Singaporean, identified as Sim Yong-joo, and one Swiss, identified as Luigi Heer., All 206 passengers and 19 crew members on board the aircraft died.NEWS, Chinoy, Mike,weblink All 225 feared dead in Taiwan air crash, 25 May 2002, CNN, 11 November 2014,Passengers
The passengers included Taiwanese politician You Jih-cheng.NEWS, 2002-05-26, åç«å§æ¸¸æ¥æ£æ¹è¡ç¨ æä¸æ»äº¡çæ©, zh, Former legislator changes his itinerary during a trip to Japan to catch the death flight, Liberty Times,weblink 2019-04-12, and two reporters from the United Daily News. Most of the passengers, 114 people, were members of a Taiwanese group tour to the mainland organized by four travel agencies.NEWS, Taiwan's Tragic Air Crash Kills 225 People,weblink 3 November 2014, People's Daily, 26 May 2002, {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:85%; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right;"!Nationality!Passengers!Crew!TotalSearch, recovery and investigation
(File:Cl611rec.png|thumb|upright=.6|B-18255 seat-plan:{{legend|#ffffff|Empty seat|border=1px solid#aaa}}{{legend|#ffff00|Not recovered|border=1px solid #aaa}}{{legend|#ff0000|Recovered|border=1px solid #aaa}})(File:Nicotine Trace on China Airline Flight 611.png|thumb|Around 1995, China Airlines started to ban smoking on board. Cabin pressurization forced the smoke out through the cracks. Over time, the smoke left the nicotine stains outside the plane. These stains were an indication of possible hidden cracks beneath the doubler plate, which means that the cracks had been there long before 1995.)At 17:05, a military Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft spotted a crashed airliner {{convert|23|nmi|mi km|abbr=}} northeast of Makung, Penghu Islands. Oil slicks were also spotted at 17:05; the first body was found at 18:10. Searchers recovered 15% of the wreckage,{{failed verification |date=May 2023}} including part of the cockpit, and found no signs of burns, explosives, or gunshots.NEWS, China Airlines flight 611 disaster Tzu Chi mobilizes volunteers from all over Taiwan to help, Tzu chi News,weblink dead, 8 July 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071113234122weblink">weblink 13 November 2007, NEWS, 27 May 2002, Crashed China Airlines Plane Said to Break up in Sky, People's Daily,weblink 8 July 2020, No distress signal or communication was sent out prior to the crash.NEWS, 27 May 2002, China missile ruled out in Taiwan crash,weblink CNN, â Version with full pictures: weblink Radar data suggest that the aircraft broke into four pieces while at FL 350. This theory is supported by the fact that some lighter articles that would have been found inside the aircraft were found up to {{convert|80|mi|nmi km|abbr=}} from the crash site at villages in central Taiwan. The items included magazines, documents, luggage, photographs, New Taiwan dollars, aircraft safety cardsEPISODE, Mayday Season 7, Episode 1, "Scratching The Surface", Mayday (Canadian TV series), Cineflix Productions, and a China Airlines-embossed, blood-stained pillow case.NEWS,weblink Military aviation expert says flaws in Taiwan plane crash theory: report, 8 July 2002, The Namibian, 3 May 2009, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030419024932weblink">weblink 19 April 2003, WEB,weblink 78 Bodies From Crashed Taiwanese Plane Retrieved, Xinhua News Agency, 26 May 2002, 3 May 2009, {{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}The plane was supposed to be leveling off then, as it approached its cruising altitude of {{convert|35,000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. Shortly before the breakup, two of the aircraft's four engines began providing slightly higher thrust, which was later found to have been within the normal ranges of deviation. All four engines were recovered from the sea and found not to have suffered any malfunction prior to the crash. Pieces of the aircraft were found in the ocean and on Taiwan, including in the city of Changhua.NEWS, 26 May 2002, Relatives fly to Taiwan crash site, BBC News, BBC,weblink NEWS, Gittings, John, 25 May 2002, 225 dead in mystery Taiwan crash, The Guardian, The Observer,weblink 11 November 2014, 0261-3077, The governments of Taiwan and the People's Republic of China co-operated in the recovery of the aircraft; the Chinese allowed personnel from Taiwan to search for bodies and aircraft fragments in those parts of the Taiwan Strait controlled by the People's Republic of China.NEWS, Lam, Willy Wo-Lap,weblink Crash brings Taiwan, China together, 27 May 2002, CNN, 27 May 2009, 4 December 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081204024704weblink">weblink dead, China Airlines requested relatives to submit blood samples for DNA testing at the Criminal Investigation Bureau of National Police Administration (now National Police Agency) and two other locations."NEWS UPDATE OF B18255 INCIDENT (6)." China Airlines {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020804152402weblink|date=4 August 2002|title=}} 4 August 2002.The United Daily News stated that some relatives of passengers described the existence of this flight to Hong Kong as being "unnecessary". Most of the passengers intended to arrive in mainland China, but because of a lack of direct air links between Taiwan and mainland China, the travelers had to fly via Hong Kong; the relatives advocated the opening of direct air links between Taiwan and mainland China, which was eventually realized.Cause
The final investigation report found that the accident was the result of fatigue cracking caused by inadequate maintenance after a much earlier tailstrike incident. On 7 February 1980, the aircraft was flying from Stockholm Arlanda Airport to Taoyuan International Airport via King Abdulaziz International Airport and Kai Tak International Airport as China Airlines Flight 009 (Callsign "DYNASTY 009"). While landing in Hong Kong, part of the plane's tail had scraped along the runway.{{rp|page=10}} The aircraft was depressurized, ferried back to Taiwan on the same day, and a temporary repair done the day after.{{rp|page=11}} A more permanent repair was conducted by a team from China Airlines from 23 May through 26 May 1980.{{rp|page=12}}The permanent repair of the tailstrike was not carried out in accordance with the Boeing Structural Repair Manual (SRM).{{rp|pages=157â158}} According to the SRM, repairs could be made by replacing the entire affected skin or by cutting out the damaged portion and installing a reinforcing doubler plate to restore the structural strength.{{rp|pages=60â61}} Rather than following the SRM, the China Airlines team installed a doubler over the damaged skin.{{rp|page=160}}Though the kind of damage inflicted on the tail was far beyond the damage that a doubler plate is meant to fix, this accident probably would not have occurred had the doubler been installed properly. This would mean that all of the scratches would be completely contained by the innermost row of fasteners, and the fasteners themselves would be strong enough to stop the propagation of any new and existing fatigue cracks. However, the doubler that was installed on the aircraft was too small, so it failed to completely and effectively cover the damaged area, as scratches were found at, and outside, the outermost row of fasteners securing the doubler.{{rp|pages=74â80}} Installing the doubler with scratches remaining outside the rivets provided no protection against the propagation of any concealed cracks beneath the doubler, or worse, in the area between its perimeter and the rows of rivets.JOURNAL, 25 February 2005, In-Flight Breakup Over the Taiwan Strait Northeast of Makung, Penghu Island, China Airlines Flight CI611, Boeing 747-200, B-18255, May 25, 2002,weblink Aviation Occurrence Report, Taipei, Taiwan, Aviation Safety Council, 1, ASC-AOR-05-02-001, 11 February 2017, {{rp|page=159}}Consequently, after repeated cycles of pressurization and depressurization during flight, cracks began to form around the exposed scratches until finally, on 25 May 2002, coincidentally 22 years to the day after the faulty repair was made on the damaged tail, the hull broke open in midair. A rapid decompression occurred once the crack opened up, causing the separation of the aircraft's fuselage at section 46 (aft of the main wingbox).{{rp|page=156}}NEWS, 25 February 2005, Cracks blamed for 2002 China Airlines crash, CBC News, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation,weblink 8 July 2020, The remainder of the aircraft forward of section 46 entered an abrupt descent, causing all four engines to separate from the wings near-simultaneously, as the engine fuse pins failed at about {{convert|29000|ft||abbr=}}. After this point, the wings and fuselage forward of the initial breakpoint remained connected until impact with the sea.This was not the first time that a 747 had crashed because of a faulty repair following a tailstrike. On 12 August 1985, 17 years before Flight 611's crash and 7 years after the accident aircraft's repair, Japan Air Lines Flight 123 from Tokyo to Osaka with 524 people on board had crashed when the vertical stabilizer was torn off and the hydraulic systems severed by explosive decompression, leaving only four survivors. That crash had been attributed to a faulty repair to the rear pressure bulkhead, which had been damaged in 1978 in a tailstrike incident.NEWS, Boeing admits bad work on ill-fated Japanese Boeing 747,weblink 1 June 2012, Star-News, 8 September 1985, In both crashes, a doubler plate was not installed according to Boeing standards.China Airlines disputed much of the report, stating that investigators did not find the pieces of the aircraft that would prove the contents of the investigation report.PRESS RELEASE,weblink China Airlines Statement on CI 611 Accident Investigation Report, China Airlines, 25 February 2005, 16 January 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050301072116weblink">weblink 1 March 2005, One piece of evidence during the investigation that came up was the discoloration on the damaged section from photographs from maintenance records. The discoloration was determined to be nicotine stains that came out from smoking, which was allowed onboard until 1995. Had the stains been investigated, the cracks in the fuselage would have been determined, and the plane would have probably avoided the fateful flight.WEB,weblink Taiwan's Deadliest Plane Crash China Airlines Flight 611 Disintegrates - Mayday,Dramatization
The accident was featured in a season 7 episode of the Canadian documentary Mayday titled "Scratching the Surface".See also
- List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
- Japan Air Lines Flight 123, another aviation accident, also caused by a faulty tailstrike repair 7 years before the accident
- BOAC Flight 781, another aviation accident involving metal fatigue which caused the aircraft to disintegrate in mid-flight
Notes
Transliterations
{{reflist|group=note}}References
{{reflist|30em}}External links
{{external links|section|date=April 2019}}{{Commons category|China Airlines Flight 611}}Aviation Safety Council- ASC-AOR-05-02-001, the official ASC documents.
- English language final report, Volume 1 (weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110725081901weblink">Archive) â Alternate link
- English language final report, Volume 2 (weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141006143146weblink">Archive) â Alternate link
- Interim flight safety bulletin
- ASC-AOR-05-02-001, official ASC documents in Chinese â Chinese is the original version and the language of reference
- Chinese language final report, Volume 1 (weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110725080731weblink">Archive) â Alternate link
- Chinese language final report, Volume 2 (weblink" title="www.webcitation.org/6T0FiPlXd?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110725080858weblink">Archive) â Alternate link
- Interim flight safety bulletin
- Ballistic Trajectory Analysis for the CI611 Accident Investigation (weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120207065528weblink">Archive)
- Yang, Minghao (æ¥æ浩), Li Baokang (æ寶康), Su Shuikao (èæ°´ç¶), and Guan Wenlin (å®æé). "è¯èªCI-611äºæ 調æ¥å°çè³è¨ç³»çµ±æ´å" [China Airlines CI-611 accident investigation geographic information system integration] {{in lang|zh-tw}} (weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120318202827weblink">Archive). â Includes English abstract
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20020802220917weblink">0525 Flight CI 611 Status Updates
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050301072116weblink">China Airlines Statement on CI 611 Accident Investigation Report
- "China Airlines back in the dock," BBC
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080628000917weblink">Between the Shores of Life and Death
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080628000922weblink">Set the Kite Free
- WEB,weblink China Airlines 747 Near Taipei, Federal Aviation Administration, Lessons Learned,
- Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary
- Jiang Expresses Condolence Over Victims of China Airlines Crash (05/27/02)
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "China Airlines Flight 611" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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- "China Airlines Flight 611" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 5:55pm EDT - Wed, May 01 2024
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