| ref = e25| date = 2013| speakers2 = L2: 200,000| speakers_label = Speakers| familycolor = Indo-EuropeanIndo-Iranian languages>Indo-IranianIndo-Aryan languages>Indo-AryanCentral Indo-Aryan languages>Central ZoneRomani language>RomaniRumelian Romani>Rumelian, SepeÄides Romani, Tinners Romani, UrsÃ¡ri (Erli, Usari), Lovari, Zargari Romani>Zargari| nation = | iso3 = rmn| map = Romany dialects Balkan.svg| glotto = balk1252| glottorefname = Balkan Romani}}Balkan Roma, Balkaniko Romanes, or Balkan Gypsy is a specific non-Vlax dialect of the Romani language, spoken by groups within the Balkans, which include countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey etc. The Balkan Romani language is typically an oral language.

History

Most of the people who speak Balkan Romani are Roma themselves. Another meaning of the prefix rom is someone belonging to the Roma ethnicity.BOOK,weblink Romani Routes: Cultural Politics and Balkan Music in Diaspora, Carol, Silverman, 14 February 2012, Oxford University Press, 9780199910229, 15 December 2017, Google Books, The Roma are ultimately of Indian origin.JOURNAL,weblink Oxford International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, THE BALKAN LANGUAGES, Brian D. Joseph, The Ohio State University, Oxford University Press, 1, 153â€“155, 2003, W. Frawley, Speakers of the Balkan Romani language have constantly migrated throughout the years into all parts of Europe. Since these speakers have migrated to different parts of Europe, new dialects have formed. Although the Roma originated in India, they are now widespread throughout all of Europe.BOOK,weblink Romani in Contact: The history, structure and sociology of a language, Yaron, Matras, 1 June 1995, John Benjamins Publishing, 9789027276483, 15 December 2017, Google Books,

Dialects

Balkan dialects, also known as Balkan I, are spoken in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Iran, North Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine. This group includes inter alia Arli Romani (Greece, North Macedonia), SepeÄides Romani (Greece, Turkey), Ursari Romani (Moldavia, Romania) and Crimean Romani (Ukraine).Zis dialects, also called Balkan II, are a distinct subdivision within the Balkan group. BugurdÅ¾i, Drindari and KalajdÅ¾i Romani are spoken in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Serbia and in northern and central Bulgaria.ElÅ¡Ãk uses this classification and dialect examples (geographical information from Matras):

Geographical distribution{| border"1" class"wikitable"

Phonology

Balkan Romani retains the aspirated consonants /pÊ°, tÊ°, tÊƒÊ°, kÊ°/ of other Indic languages. These are distinctive in the majority of Romani varieties.

Orthography

Balkan Romani does not have a written standard. There has been an attempt at standardization, at a 1992 conference in North Macedonia, based on the Arli diaalect and using the Latin script. /x/ and /h/ are distinctive in some dialects, but not in the Arli dialect and so are not distinguished in writing. the two rhotics are also not distinguished. Schwa is rare in Arli; where it does occur, it is substituted with the vowel of DÅ¾ambaz or some other dialect, e.g. vÃ«rdon â†’ vurdon 'wagon'. Aspiration in a root is always written, e.g. jakh 'eye'. Final devoicing is not written, e.g. dad 'father'. Palatalization is not written, e.g. buti 'work' (not buÄi etc.), kerdo 'done' (not Ä‡erdo etc.), pani 'water' (not pai etc.).The proposed alphabet is as follows:Victor Friedman (1995) 'Romani standardization and status in the Republic of Macedonia', in Matras ed. Romani in Contact

a b c Ä Äh d dÅ¾ e f g h i j k kh l m n o p ph r s Å¡ t th u v Å¾

Vocabulary

Turkish lexical influence is a defining and extremely important part of the Romani dialect in the Balkans. Most of the words however, originate from Persian. Loans from Persian, Armenian, and Byzantine Greek make up the pre-European lexicon. Ultimately, it is hard to trace the definite origin of all the words because the words of Balkan Romani originate from many sources and the sources of those languages creates a complex puzzle.WEB,weblink 100 Years of Gypsy Studies, Mahimahi.uchicago.edu, 15 December 2017, 4 May 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120504134758weblink">weblink dead, {| class="wikitable"!Romani (BugurdÅ¾i, Macedonia)!!Romani (Arli, Macedonia) !!English|Good morning.LaÄho [to] zi[e]s.>LaÄho [o] dive.>|Good day.LaÄhi [ti] rat.>LaÄhi [i] rat.>|Good night.Sar isi to anav?>Sar si tiro anav?>|What's your name?Mo anav isi Elvis.>Mo anav si Elvis.>|My name is Elvis.Isinom loÅ¡alo kaj avdom tut!>Å ukar te dikhav tut! >|Pleased to meet you!Isinan prandime?>Sijan li romnjakoro?>|Are you married?Va, me isinom prandime. >Va, me sijum romnjakoro. >|Yes, I'm married.Na, me isinom biprandime.>Na, me sijum biromnjakoro. >|No, I'm unmarried.Me isi man raklija.>Me si ma raklija. >|I have a girlfriend.{| class="wikitable"!Number!Romani!Literal Meaning|1|jekh|1|2|duj|2|3|trin|3|4|Å¡tar|4|5|panc|5|6|Å¡ov|6|7|eftÃ¡|7|8|oxtÃ³|8|9|enjÃ¡|9|10|deÅ¡|10|11|deÅ¡ujekh|10 + 1|12|deÅ¡uduj|10 + 2|13|deÅ¡utrÃn|10 + 3|14|deÅ¡uÅ¡tÃ¡r|10 + 4|15|deÅ¡upÃ¡nc|10 + 5|16|deÅ¡uÅ¡Ã³v|10 + 6|17|deÅ¡ueftÃ¡|10 + 7|18|deÅ¡uoxtÃ³|10 + 8|19|deÅ¡uenjÃ¡|10 + 9|20|biÅ¡|20|21|biÅ¡-te-jekh|20 + 1|22|biÅ¡-te-duj|20 + 2|23|biÅ¡-te-trin|20 + 3|24|biÅ¡-te-Å¡tar|20 + 4|25|biÅ¡-te-panc|20 + 5

Grammar

Turkish grammar plays a large role in Balkan Romani. The use of Turkish conjugations is widely embedded within Balkan Romani and oftentimes, it is difficult to tell the difference between the grammar of the two languages depending on geography. Balkan Romani has compartmentalized grammarJOURNAL,weblink Compartmentalized grammar: The variable (non)-integration of Turkish verbal conjugation in Romani dialects, Victor A., Friedman, 6 June 2013, Romani Studies (journal), Romani Studies, 23, 1, 107â€“120, 10.3828/rs.2013.5, 143457957, 15 December 2017, Project MUSE, originating from Turkish verbal paradigms along with some Greek influence.WEB,weblink The Banff Papers, Mahimahi.uchicago.edu, 15 December 2017, 15 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160315103201weblink">weblink dead, Much of the morphology of the language has Greek and Turkish origins, which is why the language is viewed by many professionals as a "mixed" language and thus it is hard to see where one language ends and the other begins. All Romani dialects use Greek derived nominal endings, masculine nouns and loan nouns.BOOK,weblink Borrowed Morphology, Francesco, Gardani, Peter, Arkadiev, Nino, Amiridze, 11 December 2014, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 9781614513209, 15 December 2017, Google Books,

Morphology

The morphology of the Balkan Romani language is again heavily influenced by both the Turkish and Greek languages. Many people view this language as a sort of melting pot because there are so many different influences on it. Turkish and Greek might be the most influential languages on Balkan Romani but other languages, such as Armenian, have also influenced it. Part of the substrate of Balkan Romani appears to be derived from medieval northern Indian languages.BOOK,weblink The Typology and Dialectology of Romani, Yaron, Matras, Peter, Bakker, Khristo, Ki?u?chukov, 1 January 1997, John Benjamins Publishing, 9027236615, 15 December 2017, Google Books,

References

(File:Romany dialects Balkan.svg|thumb)

External links

"Romani language in Macedonia in the Third Millennium: Progress and Problems" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510104619weblink |date=2013-05-10 }}, Victor Friedman.
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141020072019weblink">"The Romani Language in the Republic of Macedonia: Status, Usage and Sociolinguistic Perspectives, Victor Friedman.
The Future of a Language
Good News ROMANI, BALKAN: Ursari People/Language Movie Trailer
Romani language - Lesson 1. Basic Conversation (part 1)
Romani language - Lesson 1. Basic Conversation (part 2)

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