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{{short description|Combined English and Portuguese army during the Peninsular War}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}{{citation style|date=June 2011}}

factoids

{{flagcountry1750}}|allegiance= George III of the United KingdomJohn VI of PortugalElectorate of Hanover>Hanoverians of the KGL35,000 Portuguese RegularsThe Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars, By Rene Chartrand, Bill Younghusband, pg16|specialization=|garrison=Lisbon, Portugal|battles=

• Battle of Roliça
• Battle of Vimeiro
• Second Battle of Porto
• Battle of Grijó
• Battle of the Côa
• Battle of Bussaco
• Battle of Pombal
• Battle of Redinha
• Battle of Campo Maior
• Battle of Sabugal
• Blockade of Almeida
• Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
• Battle of Albuera
• Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos
• Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)
• Siege of Badajoz (1812)
• Battle of Almaraz
• Battle of Salamanca
• Battle of Majadahonda
• Siege of Burgos
• Battle of Vitoria
• Siege of San Sebastián
• Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)
• Battle of the Pyrenees
• Battle of Sorauren
• Battle of the Bidassoa (1813)
• Battle of Nivelle
• Battle of Nive
• Battle of Garris
• Battle of Orthez
• Battle of Toulouse (1814)
• Battle of Bayonne

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington>Arthur Wellesley|commander1_label=Commander-in-chiefBrent Spencer, Carlos Frederico Lecor, Viscount of Laguna>Carlos Frederico Lecor, Luís do Rego Barreto, Henry Clinton (Napoleonic Wars), James Leith (British Army officer)>James Leith, John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun, Lowry Cole, Robert Craufurd, Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill>Rowland Hill, Thomas Picton, William Beresford|anniversaries=|disbanded=1814}}The Anglo-Portuguese Army was the combined British and Portuguese army that participated in the Peninsular War, under the command of Arthur Wellesley. The Army is also referred to as the British-Portuguese Army and, in Portuguese, as the Exército Anglo-Luso or the Exército Anglo-Português.The Anglo-Portuguese Army was established with the British Army deployed to the Iberian Peninsula under the command of General Arthur Wellesley, and the Portuguese Army rebuilt under the leadership of British General William Beresford and the Portuguese War Secretary Miguel Pereira Forjaz. The new Portuguese battalions were supplied with British equipment, trained to British standards and thoroughly re-organised. Incompetent or corrupt officers were cashiered and appropriate replacements were appointed or promoted from amongst promising Non-commissioned officers.On 22 April 1809, Wellesley became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in the Peninsula, replacing General Cradock, whose assessment of the military situation the British government found too pessimistic.BOOK, Rene, Chartrand, Oldest Allies – Alcantara 1809,books.google.com/books?id=rcwCcQn-5pgC, 2012, Osprey Publishing, 978-1-78096-895-7, 53, At the same time he was appointed by the Portuguese Government as Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Army. He then came to have the two armies under his command, transforming them into a single integrated army.The Army was organised into divisions, most of them including mixed British-Portuguese units. Usually, each one had two British and one Portuguese brigades. In the elite Light Division, the brigades themselves were mixed, each including two British light infantry and one Portuguese Caçadores battalions.

Order of battle

The following tables show the order of battle and commanders of the Anglo-Portuguese Army at various stages in the Peninsular War.{| class=“wikitable” border=“1”! |! |July 1809Battle of Talavera de la Reina! |September 1810Battle of Bussaco! |May 1811Battles of Fuentes de Oñoro and Albuera! |September 1811| Commander in ChiefArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington>Sir Arthur Wellesley| Lt Gen Viscount Wellington| Lt Gen Viscount Wellington| Lt Gen the Earl of Wellington| Corps Commanders| –| –| Maj Gen Brent Spencer1st and 3rd Divisions.Marshal William Carr Beresford2nd, 4th and Portuguese Divisions. The usual commander of this corps, Hill, was on sick leave in England at the time of Albuera.Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill>Rowland Hill2nd and Portuguese Divisions.Lt Gen Sir Thomas GrahamGraham was second-in-command of the main army, not operating as a distinct corps.| CavalrySir William Payne-Gallwey, 1st Baronet>William Payne| -Only 2 squadrons of the 14th Light Dragoons were present (Glover, p. 375)Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere>Stapleton CottonMaj Gen Sir William Erskine| Lt Gen Sir Stapleton CottonHistory of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909>1st Division| Maj Gen John Coape Sherbrooke| Maj Gen Brent Spencer| Maj Gen Miles Nightingall| Lt Gen Sir Thomas Graham2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>2nd Division| Maj Gen Rowland Hill| Maj Gen Rowland HillWilliam Stewart (1774–1827)>the Hon William Stewart| Maj Gen the Hon William Stewart3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>3rd Division| Maj Gen Alexander Randoll Mackenzie| Maj Gen Thomas Picton| Maj Gen Thomas Picton| Maj Gen Thomas Picton4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>4th DivisionSir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet>Alexander CampbellLowry Cole>the Hon Lowry Cole| Maj Gen the Hon Lowry Cole| Maj Gen the Hon Lowry Cole5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>5th Division| –James Leith (British Army officer)>James Leith| Maj Gen Sir William ErskineJames Dunlop of Dunlop>James Dunlop6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>6th Division| –| –| Maj Gen Alexander Campbell| Maj Gen Alexander Campbell7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>7th Division| –| –Sir William Houston, 1st Baronet>William Houston| Maj Gen John Sontag| Light Division| –| Brig Gen Robert Craufurd| Brig Gen Robert Craufurd| Brig Gen Robert Craufurd| Portuguese Division| –Sir John Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Woodbrook>John Hamilton| Maj Gen John Hamilton| Maj Gen John Hamilton| Independent Brigades| –|

• Brig Gen Denis Pack
• Brig Gen Alexander Campbell
• Brig Gen Francis John Colman|
• Maj Gen Charles, Baron von AltenKGL Light Battalions
• Col Charles Ashworth
• Col Richard Collins|
• Brig Gen Denis Pack
• Brig Gen Thomas McMahon
• Col Charles Ashworth

{| class=“wikitable” border=“1”! |! |July 1812Battle of Salamanca! |June 1813Battle of Vitoria! |November 1813Battles of Pyrenees, Nivelle and Nive! |April 1814Battle of Toulouse| Commander in Chief| Lt Gen the Earl of Wellington| Lt Gen the Marquess of Wellington| Field Marshal the Marquess of Wellington| Field Marshal the Marquess of Wellington| Corps Commanders| Maj Gen Rowland Hill2nd and Portuguese Divisions.| Lt Gen Sir Rowland Hill2nd and Portuguese Divisions.Lt Gen the Earl of Dalhousie3rd and 7th Divisions.Lt Gen Sir Thomas Graham1st and 5th Divisions.| Lt Gen Sir Rowland Hill2nd, 6th and Portuguese Divisions.Lt Gen the Hon Sir John Hope1st and 5th Divisions.Maj Gen Charles, Baron von AltenLight Division and attached Spaniards.Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford3rd, 4th and 7th Divisions.| Lt Gen Sir Rowland Hill2nd and Portuguese Divisions.Lt Gen the Hon Sir John Hope1st and 5th Divisions.Marshal Sir William Carr Beresford4th and 6th Divisions.| Cavalry| Lt Gen Sir Stapleton Cotton| Lt Gen Sir Stapleton Cotton| Lt Gen Sir Stapleton CottonMost of the cavalry was quartered in the rear during the battles in the Pyrenees.| Lt Gen Sir Stapleton CottonHistory of the British 1st Division between 1809–1909>1st Division| Maj Gen Henry Frederick CampbellKenneth Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham>Kenneth Alexander Howard| Maj Gen Kenneth Alexander Howard| Maj Gen Kenneth Alexander HowardNot present at Toulouse, besieging Bayonne.2nd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>2nd Division| Maj Gen the Hon William StewartNot present at Salamanca| Lt Gen the Hon William Stewart| Lt Gen the Hon William Stewart| Lt Gen the Hon William Stewart3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>3rd Division| Col the Hon Edward Pakenham| Lt Gen Sir Thomas Picton| Maj Gen the Hon Charles Colville| Lt Gen Sir Thomas Picton4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>4th Division| Maj Gen the Hon Lowry Cole| Lt Gen the Hon Sir Lowry Cole| Lt Gen the Hon Sir Lowry Cole| Lt Gen the Hon Sir Lowry Cole5th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>5th Division| Maj Gen James LeithJohn Oswald (British Army officer)>John Oswald| Maj Gen Andrew Hay| Maj Gen Andrew HayNot present at Toulouse, besieging Bayonne.6th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>6th DivisionHenry Clinton (Napoleonic Wars)>Henry Clinton| Maj Gen Henry ClintonNot present at Vitoria| Lt Gen Sir Henry Clinton| Lt Gen Sir Henry Clinton7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)>7th Division| Maj Gen John HopeNot to be confused with Lt Gen John Hope who commanded a corps in 1813| Lt Gen the Earl of DalhousieCarlos Frederico Lecor, Viscount of Laguna>Carlos LecorSir George Walker, 1st Baronet>George Townshend WalkerNot present at Toulouse, occupying Bordeaux.| Light Division| Maj Gen Charles, Baron von Alten| Maj Gen Charles, Baron von Alten| Maj Gen Charles, Baron von Alten| Maj Gen Charles, Baron von Alten| Portuguese Division| Maj Gen John HamiltonNot present at SalamancaFrancisco da Silveira, Count of Amarante>Francisco da Silveira| Lt Gen Sir John Hamilton| Maj Gen Carlos Lecor| Independent Brigades|

• Brig Gen Denis Pack
• Brig Gen Thomas Bradford|
• Brig Gen Denis Pack
• Brig Gen Thomas Bradford|
• Maj Gen Lord Aylmer
• Brig Gen John Wilson
• Maj Gen Thomas Bradford|
• Maj Gen Lord Aylmer
• Maj Gen Alexander Campbell
• Maj Gen Thomas Bradford

See also

• Army of Spain (Peninsular War)
• Lines of Torres Vedras
• King’s German Legion
• Anglo-Portuguese Alliance

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

• BOOK, Bluth, B.J., Marching with Sharpe, UK, HarperCollins, 2001, 0-00-414537-2,
• BOOK, Arthur Bryant, Bryant, Arthur, The Age of Elegance: 1812–1822,archive.org/details/ageofelegance18100brya, registration, London, Collins, 1950,
• BOOK, Chandler, David, Beckett, Ian, 2003, The Oxford History of the British Army, UK, Oxford University Press, 0-19-280311-5,
• BOOK, Chappell, Mike, 2004, Wellington’s Peninsula Regiments (2): The Light Infantry, Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 1-84176-403-5,
• BOOK, Fletcher, Ian, Younghusband, William, 1994, Wellington’s Foot Guards, UK, Osprey Publishing, 1-85532-392-3,
• BOOK, Fregosi, Paul, Paul Fregosi, Dreams of Empire: Napoleon and the first World War, 1792–1815, Hutchinson, 1989, 0-09-173926-8,
• BOOK, Glover, Michael, 1974, The Peninsular War 1807–1814: A Concise Military History, UK, David & Charles, 0-7153-6387-5,
• BOOK, Philip Haythornthwaite, Haythornthwaite, Philip J., 1987, British Infantry of the Napoleonic Wars, London, Arms and Armour Press, 0-85368-890-7,
• BOOK, 2, Haythornthwaite, Philip J., 1996, Weapons & Equipment of the Napoleonic Wars, Arms and Armour Press, 1-85409-495-5,
• BOOK, William Francis Patrick Napier, Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick, 1952, English Battles and Sieges in the Peninsula, London, Chapman & Hall,archive.org/details/bub_gb_7JEBAAAAQAAJ,
• BOOK, Albert Nofi, Nofi, Albert A., The Waterloo Campaign: June 1815, 1998, USA, Da Capo Press, 0-938289-98-5,
• BOOK, Sumner, Ian, Hook, Richard, 2001, British Colours and Standards 1747–1881 (2): Infantry, UK, Osprey Publishing, 1-84176-201-6,
• BOOK, Venning, Annabel, 2005, Following the Drum: The Lives of Army Wives and Daughters Past and Present, London, Headline Publishing, 0-7553-1258-9,

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