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{{Short description|American manufacturer of commercial duty automatic transmissions}}

factoids

>Russell 1000 component}}| predecessor = | successor = | founder = James A. Allison| defunct = | fate = | area_served = chairman & Chief executive officer>CEO)| industry = | products = | production = | services = 2.40 billion|link=yes}} (2021)669 million}} (2021)442 million}} (2021)| aum = 4.46 billion}} (2021)634 million}} (2021)| owner = 3,400}} (December 2021)| parent = | divisions = | subsid = | intl = Indianapolis, Indiana| location_country = United States| location = | locations = allisontransmission.com}}DATE=17 FEBRUARY 2022, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, }}Allison Transmission Holdings Inc. is an American manufacturer of commercial duty automatic transmissions and hybrid propulsion systems. Allison products are specified by over 250 vehicle manufacturers and are used in many market sectors, including bus, refuse, fire, construction, distribution, military, and specialty applications.With headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana, Allison Transmission has a presence in more than 150 countries and manufacturing facilities in Indianapolis, Chennai, India, and Szentgotthárd, Hungary.Allison Transmission Company Overview

History

Racing team

Allison began in 1909 when James A. Allison, along with three business partners, helped fund and build the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1911, Allison's new track held the first Indianapolis 500 mile race. In addition to funding several race teams, James Allison founded the Speedway Racing Team Company on September 14, 1915CONFERENCE, 10.4271/982791, Harmon, K. B., 1998, The History of Allison Automatic Transmissions For On-Highway Trucks and Buses, International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition, 0148-7191, 44668196, and quickly gained a reputation for his work on race cars and automotive technology in general.WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101025183218weblink">weblink 2010-10-25, Allison built a shop near the track and changed the team's name to the Allison Experimental Company; the shop later became Plant No. 1.

Wartime aviation

When World War I began, Allison suspended racing, and the Allison Experimental Company began machining parts, tools, and masters for the Liberty airplane engine — the main power plant used in the US war effort. After the war, Allison entered a car in the 1919 Indy 500 and won. It was the last race Allison's team ever entered as he turned his company's attention to aviation engineering, renaming it to Allison Engineering Company; the aviation-focused company developed steel-backed bronze sleeve bearings for the crankshaft and connecting rods, and high-speed reduction gearing to turn propellers and Roots-type blowers. The company's reputation and expertise in aviation was the major factor in General Motors decision to buy the company following James Allison's death in 1928.WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1910-1919,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091015055445weblink">weblink 2009-10-15, WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1920-1929,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091015103747weblink">weblink 2009-10-15, File:Allison V-1710-7 V-12 Engine NASM.jpg|thumb|right|Allison V-1710Allison V-1710Shortly after the sale to General Motors on April 1, 1929, Allison engineers began work on a 12-cylinder engine to replace the aging Liberty engines. The result was the V1710 12-cylinder aircraft engine and it made the company, renamed to the Allison Division of GM in 1934, also known as the Allison Engine Company, a major force in aviation.WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1930-1939,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091015095813weblink">weblink 2009-10-15, Plant 3 was built in 1939, a {{cvt|360000|ft2}} factory to build V1710 engines. Due to demand during World War II, Allison would add a second factory (Plant 5) and 23,000 new employees; by the end of the war, Allison had built 70,000 V1710 engines.

Early transmission development

Alongside the development and production of the V1710, engineers at GM began designing the CD-850 cross-drive steering transmission for tracked military vehicles in 1941; the design was completed in 1944 and Allison was awarded the contract to manufacture the prototypes. In February 1945, General Motors formed the Allison Transmission Engineering Section, dividing the subsidiary into Aircraft Operations and Transmission Operations in 1946. The CD-850 combined range change, steering and braking.WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1940-1949, 2010-08-22, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110707113752weblink">weblink 2011-07-07, WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1950-1959,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110707113757weblink">weblink 2011-07-07, Allison stopped producing the CD-850 in 1986, but a licensed version was produced in Spain for more than a decade afterward.General Motors began developing automatic transmissions with a hydraulic torque converter in the 1930s under its Product Study Group, offering it as an option for Oldsmobile for the first time in 1940. After World War II, Allison Transmission turned its attention to civilian transportation. Allison designed, developed and manufactured the first-ever automatic transmissions for heavy-duty vehicles including delivery trucks, city buses, and railcars, starting from 1948. In addition, Allison marketed transmissions for off-highway heavy-duty vehicles under the brand Powershift TORQMATIC, with the first TG series transmissions being produced in July 1948.WEB,weblink Our place in your world, Allison Division of General Motors Corporation, 1968, 21 April 2022, The Allison 850-series torque converter was a crucial component in the post-war development of self-propelled railcars, most notably the Budd Rail Diesel Car, which first went into service in 1950.BOOK, 1950, RDC with the "new look", The Budd Company, Philadelphia, 7, Pairing with a GM Series 110 "pancake" diesel engine mounted under the railcar floor enabled the entire power system to be kept outside the car body, making the full length of the car available for revenue. The torque converter enabled unprecedented rates of acceleration before locking into direct drive.MAGAZINE, Commonwealth Railways buy Budd diesel rail cars, June–July 1951, Railways Institute Magazine, Adelaide, South Australian Railways, 4–6,

V-Drive

At approximately the same time the CD-850 was going into production, GMC Truck and Coach Division requested that GM develop a V-Drive transmission with a torque converter in 1945 for transit bus use, replacing the Spicer manual transmission then offered. These buses had rear-mounted engines and to maximize passenger space, the engine compartment was minimized; the V-Drive transmission was named for the 63° angle of intersection between the transmission shaft input (from the engine) and output (to the rear axle). Development of the V-Drive transmission was led by Bob Schaefer, an emigrant from Germany who had joined GM in 1942 after helping to lead the Twin Disc Company, which was one of the licensees of the Ljungstroms hydraulic torque converter. Schaefer was reassigned from the Detroit Transmission Division to Allison in 1946.File:AC Transit 323, GM New Look (21258372585).jpg|thumb|left|Detroit Diesel 6V71 with Allison V-Drive transmission in an AC Transit GM New Look busGM New Look busThe first production V-Drive transmissions were delivered in October 1947, with the first major contract being for 900 buses in 1948, for New York City. The VS-2 was introduced in 1955, which added a two-speed input splitter; a version with both hydraulic and direct clutches was introduced in 1958 (VH), and production of the original V-Drive transmissions was concluded in July 1976, with 65,389 produced.

Commercial transmissions

In addition to the transit bus market, Allison began developing automatic transmissions for commercial trucks in 1953. This effort resulted in the MT-25, which designated the intended application ("M"edium "T"rucks) and maximum input power, {{cvt|250|hp}}. The MT-25 was a 6-speed automatic, using a two-speed high/low splitter and three-speed double planetary gear train. The splitter was equipped with a hydraulic retarder. Because of the additional cost of the automatic transmission, sales were initially slow until Allison began targeting specific markets that required both on- and off-road driving as well as frequent stops and starts, such as concrete mixing and garbage trucks in the early 1960s. The MT-25 was fitted first as an option branded Powermatic by Powermatic,JOURNAL, 10.4271/570012, Powermatic: a new automatic for Chevrolet transmission heavy-duty trucks, Flynn, H. O., 1957, Society of Automotive Engineers, 0148-7191, 44564356, Transactions, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, REPORT,weblink 1956 Chevrolet Features: Truck Engineering Achievements,weblink Powermatic Transmission, 47–63, Engineering Product Information Department, Chevrolet Engineering Center, 1956, 21 April 2022, exclusive to that brand for the first year, but was soon offered by other truck manufacturers including Ford (1957), Reo (1958), Dodge (1958), Diamond T (1959), White (1961), and International Harvester (1961); production of the MT-25 continued into the early 1970s.The MT-25 was supplemented in September 1970 by a second-generation lighter-duty automatic transmission, the four-speed AT-540,CONFERENCE, 10.4271/710658, The Allison AT-540 Automatic Transmission in Utility Truck Applications, Schuette, A. R., 1971, National Truck, Powerplant, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, 0148-7191, which Allison developed jointly with Hydramatic Division in the late 1960s; the AT-540 was targeted specifically for on-highway use and shared similarities with automobile transmissions to reduce the cost penalty to equip on-highway trucks with automatic transmissions. Later, the MT-25 itself was replaced by the MT-640 and a heavier-duty version, the HT-740, was introduced; the new MT and HT were both derived from the AT-540. As an option, the MT-6nn and HT-7nn series transmissions could be equipped with a lower fifth gear for severe off-road conditions. In 1970, GM combined the Allison and Detroit Diesel divisions as the Detroit Diesel Allison Division of GM.The 500-series transmissions (AT-540, etc.) were rated to accept input power of up to {{cvt|235|hp}} and were intended for vehicles up to {{cvt|30000|lb}} gross vehicle weight (GVW). The medium-duty 600-series had increased ratings to {{cvt|300|hp}} and {{cvt|73280|lb}} GVW, while the heavy-duty 700-series were rated to {{cvt|445|hp}} and {{cvt|80000|lb}} GVW. In 1976, a 700-series V-Drive transmission was introduced for buses, the V730. The AT/MT/HT were still being produced in 1998.Allison also produced off-highway transmissions in the 1960s, starting with the "Dual Path Powershift" DP 8000 series.WEB,weblink DP 8000 torqmatic powershift brochure, Allison Division, GMC, 21 April 2022, The first electronic controls were fitted to the off-highway DP 8000 series transmission in 1971.JOURNAL, 10.4271/861170, Boyer, Robert C., Digital Electronic Controls for Detroit Diesel Allison Heavy Hauling Transmissions, 44469083, 1986, 95, Transactions, SAE Technical Paper Series, 709–719, Society of Automotive Engineers, Electronic controls (branded the Allison Transmission Electronic Control or ATEC system) were added to the MT/HT/V730 in 1983, improving fuel economy by more precisely controlling shifts.

World Transmission

(File:Allison MD 3060.jpg|thumb|right|Cutaway view of 3rd-gen (WT) MD3060)The third-generation six-speed World Transmission (WT) was introduced in 1991, replacing the second-generation AT/MT/HT/V730 lines. Development of the WT had begun in the mid-1980s, prior to the sale of Detroit Diesel to Roger Penske in 1987. The WT used the WT electronic control (WTEC) system to control the internal clutches during shifting, equipped with a control unit that adapts to variations during use. The WT line was split into MD (medium duty), HD (heavy duty, introduced in 1993),CONFERENCE, 10.4271/932998, The Allison HD Transmission, James, Steven F., November 1993, International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition, 0148-7191, and B (T-drive buses) lines; the MD and HD lines were later renamed to the 3000 and 4000 Series, respectively.{{as of|1998}} in the United States, Allison had built 92% of the transmissions in school buses; 75% of transit bus transmissions, 65% of heavy-duty garbage truck transmissions, and 32% of all medium-duty truck transmissions.Allison followed the WT (3000 and 4000 Series) line with the 1000 and 2000 Series starting in 1999. The 1000 Series transmission incorporated many features from the WT line for light-duty trucks, including the electronic control system, and was initially available as an option with the 6.6L GM/Isuzu Duramax diesel engine and the 8.1L Vortec gasoline engine for the trucks based on the GMT800 platform.NEWS,weblink Allison 1000 Transmission – Inside The Allison 1000, McGlothlin, Mike, March 1, 2010, Truck Trend, Motor Trend, 21 April 2022, WEB,weblink General Motors 8.1L Vortec V-8, Diesel Hub, 4 August 2022, In 2007, GM sold Allison Transmission to private equity firms Carlyle Group and Onex Corporation for US$5.6 billion.NEWS,weblink GM selling Allison Transmission for $5.6 billion, June 28, 2007, Reuters, 21 April 2022,

Timeline

1940s

• 1949—Allison begins production of CD-850 tank transmission, division's most historically significant transmission
• December 1949—First rail car transmission is produced; installed in the Budd Rail Car

1950s

• 1954—First off-highway transmissions (CRT-5530/CRT-3330)
• 1955—Allison develops the MT-25/POWERMATIC transmission for on-highway use with Chevrolet

1960s

• October 1960—First Allison XT-1410-2 transmission is producedAllison Transmission Publication SA5938EN (2010/07)
• June 1961—Allison announces MT Series transmissions
• July 1962—Allison TT-2000 Hydro Powershift transmission is introduced
• March 1965—Introduction of dual path DP-8000, largest single-package Allison Powershift transmission to date
• November 1966—Lithium-chlorine fuel cell is unveiled{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}
• June 1967—Allison begins production of new DP-8960 for large off-highway trucks
• October 1967—First prototype of the Allison-equipped U.S. Army main battle tank is unveiled in Washington, D.C.M551WEB,weblink Allison Transmission History 1960-1969,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110707113817weblink">weblink 2011-07-07,
• February 1969—Allison introduces electric gearshift control system for off-highway vehicles
• July 1969—Apollo 11 astronauts make man's first landing on the Moon; propellant tanks built by Allison are part of the Service ModuleAV MEDIA, 1966, The Apollo Spacecraft: Status Report 2, film,weblink 5:23, NASA, Public domain, {{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}

1970s

• September 1970—Merge with Detroit Diesel Engine to form Detroit Diesel Allison Division, headquarters in Detroit
• January 1971—Allison introduces first 4-speed automatic transmission for {{convert|72000|lb|abbr=on}}. GVW highway vehicles; Allison model HT-740CONFERENCE, 10.4271/710201, The Allison HT-740T Automatic Transmission for Gas Turbine Powered Vehicles, Fisher, M. E., February 1971, 1971 Automotive Engineering Congress and Exposition, 0148-7191,
• April 1973—First fully automatic transmission for large trucks, scrapers and other types of heavy-duty off-highway vehicles is introduced; Allison model CLBT 750CONFERENCE, 10.4271/730442, An Automatic Transmission for Off-Highway Vehicles, Schmidt, J. W., Harmon, K. B., February 1973, 24th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference, 0148-7191,
• 1974—First European office is established{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

1980s

• October 1982—A new generation heavy-duty automatic transmission, the Allison DP 8962, is announced; incorporates over 15 new technology internal changes{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}
• May 1983—GM sells Allison Gas Turbine Division; Allison becomes part of newly formed GM Power Products and Defense Operations GroupAnswers.com-Allison Gas Turbine Division
• June 1986—First X200 military transmission is releasedWEB,weblink United Defense M113 History, 2010-08-22, 2010-01-07,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100107035357weblink">weblink dead,
• December 1987—Detroit Diesel Allison becomes Allison Transmission, Division of General Motors{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

1990s

• February 1991—Allison introduces electronically controlled World TransmissionsCONFERENCE, 10.4271/912696, Buttermore, John R., McQuinn, Ted M., 1991, Allison World Transmission Developments, International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition, 0148-7191,
• November 1995—Allison adopts lean manufacturing principles and begins implementing Allison Production System (APS), a cellular manufacturing system; some 10,000 machines and support equipment are re-arranged through all plants
• 1999--Hybrid bus program is demonstrated for New York City Transit Authority{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}
• June 1999—Allison introduces 1000 Series and 2000 Series fully automatic transmissions{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

2000s

• 2000--Hybrid electric program is launched{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}
• September 2000—Test Track 2000 is first customer ride and drive simulating real-world operating conditions; held at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
• January 2001—Allison unveils first-of-its-kind parallel hybrid technology
• November 2003—Allison's Ultimate Truck Driving Adventure takes ride and drive experience to extremes in the high desert of Nevada
• November 2003—Allison Vocational Models are released to better serve specific applications
• May 2005--Shanghai Customization Center is opened
• June 2007—GM announced that it was selling Allison Transmission to private equity firms The Carlyle Group and Onex Corporation, in a deal valued at $5.6 billion. The transaction closed on August 7, 2007.
• 2008—Allison introduces on-board prognostics on model-year 2009 automatic transmissions
• 2009—Allison took an approximately 10% stake in UK-based TorotrakWEB,weblink SAE Off-Highway Engineering Online: "Greater efficiency drives demand for automated transmissions" 2009-04-29, 2009-05-19,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101230012840weblink">weblink 2010-12-30, dead, manufacturer of Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT).

2010s

• 2010-Manufacturing plant opened in Chennai, India also establishing regional headquarters with executive, marketing and sales offices{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
• June 2010-Allison dedicates a new hybrid manufacturing plant in Indianapolis, Indiana.

WEB,weblink Truckinginfo.com 6/30/2010 Allison Dedicates New Hybrid Manufacturing Plant, 2010-08-22,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120304092838weblink">weblink 2012-03-04, dead,

• March 15, 2012 Initial public offering of 26.3 million shares of Allison Transmission stock at $23/share on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ALSN.Allison Transmission Prices Initial Public Offering{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• October 27, 2013 Allison 10-speed TC10 transmission available for order at NavistarAllison TC10New Allison TC10 Tractor Transmission Available for Order at Navistar{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Current{{when|date=April 2023}} revenues were at $1.985 Billion a decrease from 2014.WEB,weblink Revenue, EPS, & Dividend - Allison Transmission Holdings, Inc. (ALSN) - NASDAQ.com, NASDAQ.com, 2016-09-30,

Products

{{multiple image |direction=vertical |align=right |title=Allison Transmission products|image1=Allison EP50 transmission.jpg|caption1=Hybrid H 50 drive unit|image2=Allison 4000 6-speed transmission.jpg|caption2=Cutaway Series 4000 (6-sp)}}Allison markets its transmissions by vocational series according to the intended use; for example, the Tractor Series is sold for and installed in Class 8 tractors, while the Motorhome Series is marketed to manufacturers of recreational vehicles. A transmission is given a designation specific to the vocational series, but is otherwise identical mechanically to other transmissions sold for other vocational series; for example, the Bus Series B210 / B220 / B295 transmissions are also sold with identical gearing as:{{div col |colwidth=15em}}

• 1000HS (Highway Series)
• 1000MH (Motorhome Series)
• 1000EVS (Emergency Vehicle Series)
• 1000RDS (Rugged Duty Series)
• 1000PTS (Pupil Transport/Shuttle Series)
• 1000SP (Specialty Series)
• 1350HS/MH/EVS/RDS/PTS/SP
• 2100HS/MH/EVS/RDS/PTS/SP
• 2200HS/MH/EVS/RDS/PTS/SP
• 2350HS/MH/EVS/RDS/PTS/SP

{{div col end}}Collectively, these are grouped into the 1000/2000 Series transmission family; transmissions within a family share the same basic dimensions, power input capabilities, and weight. Allison transmission families include the 1000/2000 Series, 3000 Series, 4000 Series, 5000 Series, 6000 Series, 8000 Series, 9000 Series, and Tractor Series.WEB,weblink Allison 5th Gen Vocational Model Guide 2017, 2017, Allison Transmission, 20 April 2022, Each transmission family is given a generational designation based on the electronic control system; parts generally are not interchangeable between generations within a specific family:WEB,weblink Allison Transmission Models Explained, November 30, 2018, Copeland International, 20 April 2022,

• Gen 1 / Gen 2 (aka World Transmission or World Transmission Electronic Controller (WTEC) / WTEC II) —1991–98
• Gen 3 — 1998–2004/05
• Gen 4 — 2004/05–2012
• Gen 5 — 2012–present

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;text-align:center;"|+Allison Transmission vocational series and family availability overview! rowspan=2 | Vocational series(model designation)! colspan=9 | Transmission family! 1000 !! 2000 !! 3000 !! 4000 !! 5000 !! 6000 !! 8000 !! 9000 !! TC10! Highway(nnnn HS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Motorhome(nnnn MH)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Bus(B nnn)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Emergency Vehicle(nnnn EVS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Rugged Duty(nnnn RDS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Pupil Transport/ Shuttle(nnnn PTS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Truck RV(nnnn TRV)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Specialty(nnnn SP)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Oil Field(nnnn OFS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Off Road(nnnn ORS)| {{ya}}| {{na}}! Tractor(TC10 TS nnnn)| {{na}}| {{ya}}

Hybrid bus series

First generation

(File:Hybridcombined.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Combined hybrid vehicle structure)GM-Allison introduced hybrid vehicle technology for transit buses in 2003. Allison hybrid transit bus products were initially branded as the Allison Electric Drives EP System,WEB,weblink Allison Electric Drives: leaders in advanced hybrid technology, August 2002, General Motors Corporation, 6 May 2022, which included the following components:

• EV Drive Unit – integrating the Generator and Electric Motor in the diagram
• Inverter (Dual Power Inverter Module, DPIM) – integrating the Charger and Converter in the diagram
• Battery (Energy Storage System, ESS, or Energy Storage Unit)
• Hybrid Control Modules (Transmission Control Module, TCM; and Vehicle Control Module, VCM)

Allison characterizes the system as the "Two-Mode Compound Split Parallel Hybrid Architecture".WEB,weblink SEPTA Hybrid Bus familiarization, Allison Electric Drives, 6 May 2022, {{rp|4}} As installed in buses, the EP System has two operating modes or speed ranges, with the changeover generally occurring between {{cvt|15|and|25|mph}}.{{rp|14}} Under full-throttle, the vehicle's initial launch in the low-speed mode is boosted by the output motor. As vehicle speed increases, the input motor begins to dominate,{{rp|18}} resulting in nearly total mechanical output only. Through 2011, GM intended to introduce 16 passenger car and truck hybrid models based on the Allison split-mode system.PRESS RELEASE,weblink Orders for 1,700 Hybrid Buses Will Double GM-Allison Fleet, January 23, 2008, General Motors, 2008-06-16, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080512014435weblink">weblink 2008-05-12, The primary benefit of the Allison hybrid system is in recapturing kinetic energy during regenerative braking and storing it as electrical energy, which can later be converted back to kinetic energy through an output motor, which assists in accelerating the vehicle, reducing demand on the engine and consequently fuel consumption.{{rp|12}} Fuel economy is improved by up to 60%, and acceleration can also be improved compared to a conventional bus.To the operator, the hybrid system is automatic and requires no special training. Under normal in-motion operation, engine speed is controlled by the TCM, which commands a torque and speed point based on the needs of the hybrid system. During startup and shutdown, the TCM commands only a speed requirement.{{rp|11}}The EV Drive Unit is installed in lieu of a conventional transmission and acts as a continuously variable transmission controlled electronically; it integrates two motor-generators (Motor A and Motor B, on the input and output, respectively), three planetary gear sets, one rotating clutch, and one stationary clutch.{{rp|7}} From the engine, power is transferred to the input shaft through an input damper instead of the conventional torque converter found in an automatic transmission. The input shaft is coupled to the main shaft and Motor A through a planetary gearset (P1), and Motor A is coupled to Motor B through another planetary gearset (P2). Motor B is coupled to the output shaft through a third planetary gearset (P3) and the stationary (C1) and rotating (C2) clutches.{{rp|17}} Both motors are three-phase AC induction motors and automatically switch from motoring to generation when the mechanical rotation frequency exceeds the stator field frequency.{{rp|13;15}}There are two drive units available (EP40 or H 40 EP; and EP50 or H 50 EP). The H40 is intended for regular transit bus use, while the H50 is for articulated and suburban coaches, similar in size and application to the B400 and B500 Bus Series transmissions, respectively. The H40 has a continuous input capacity of {{cvt|280|hp}} and {{cvt|910|lbft}} of torque, while the respective H50 input limits are {{cvt|330|hp}} and {{cvt|1050|lbft}}.The DPIM includes an inverter for each motor; the continuous and peak output are 160 and 300 kW, respectively.{{rp|19}} The ESS uses nickel-metal hydride batteries, air-cooled using internal fans, and weighs approximately {{cvt|915|lb}}.{{rp|22}} The ESS is made of three sub-strings wired in parallel with a storage capacity of 450 A and 624 VDC. Each sub-string uses two 312 V sub-packs in series, which are made of 40 7.8-volt modules. Six battery control information modules (BCIM) monitor temperature, one in each sub-pack.{{rp|23}} The DPIM and ESS have been improved since the initial introduction, and newer models generally can replace earlier units.WEB,weblink Allison Hybrid H 40 EP / H 50 EP, 2011, Allison Transmission, 6 May 2022, WEB,weblink Allison Hybrids Deliver Advanced Technology And Proven Reliability, 2016, Allison Transmission, 6 May 2022, In addition, newer installations include a DC-DC converter, a solid-state device that converts the high-voltage traction motor energy to 12/24V accessory power.As of 2008, there are more than 2,700 GM-Allison hybrid buses operating in 81 cities in the U.S., Canada and Europe. This includes:

• Translink (Vancouver)
• Dresden, Germany
• King County Metro Transit Authority
• Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
• Minneapolis-Saint Paul Metro Transit
• Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada
• Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority
• Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
• Regional Transportation District Denver, CO
• Maryland Transit Administration
• Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation
• Chicago Transit Authority

Second generation

Allison introduced its second-generation eGen Flex diesel-electric hybrid drive unit in 2022, partnering with Gillig; the first units will be delivered to IndyGo, serving Indianapolis.NEWS,weblink Next generation electric hybrid buses featuring Allison Transmission's eGen Flex arrive at IndyGo, June 16, 2022, Mass Transit, 16 June 2022, eGen Flex is available as multiple models, designated eGen Flex 40, 40 CertPlus, 40 Max, or 40 Max CertPlus (equivalent to the H 40 in physical size, input, and output capabilities); or the eGen Flex 50, 50 CertPlus, 50 Max, or 50 Max CertPlus (equivalent to the H 50). The "Max" models are capable of operating on electric power alone for up to {{cvt|10|mi}}, depending on the axle ratio and duty cycle.WEB,weblink Electrify Your Fleet with Allison's Revolutionary Electric Hybrid – eGen Flex, Allison Transmission, March 2021, 16 June 2022,

Electric axles

In 2020, Allison introduced a line of motor-integrated electric axles, branded eGen Power. The first model, 100D, was designated for its gross axle weight rating (GAWR) of {{cvt|10.4|tonne|lb}} and (D)ual electric motors; 100D has a continuous and peak power output of {{cvt|424|and|648|kW}}, respectively, with a maximum torque of {{cvt|46800|Nm}}.WEB,weblink Fully Integrated Electric Axles, Allison Transmission, August 2021, 16 June 2022, In 2021, Allison expanded the range with the 100S (a single-motor variant of the 100D, with continuous and peak power output of {{cvt|212|and|324|kW}}, respectively and a maximum {{cvt|23500|Nm}} of torque) and the 130D (a variant of the 100D with a higher {{cvt|13|tonne|lb}} GAWR for the European and Asia Pacific markets).PRESS RELEASE,weblink Allison Transmission Expands eGen Power e-Axle Portfolio to Address Wide Range of Vehicle Applications and Markets, August 31, 2005, Alison Transmission, 16 June 2022, The Allison eGen Power integrated axle also includes a multi-speed gearbox to optimize both launch and cruising speeds; it was designed to be a drop-in replacement for existing axles for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses, allowing more flexibility in battery placement.WEB,weblink Electric Power That Fits, Allison Transmission, November 2020, 16 June 2022,

Current products (Gen 5){|class"wikitable sortable" style"font-size:80%;text-align:center;"|+Allison Transmission models (Gen 5)

! rowspan=2 | Series !! rowspan=2 | Models! colspan=12| Gear Ratios{{efn|Torque converter multiplication not included}}! colspan=2 | Input capacity! rowspan=2 | Dry weight{{efn|Basic model without PTO or retarder unless otherwise specified}}! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! R1 !! R2! Power !! Torque! 1000| 1000, 1350, 2100, 2200, 2350, B210, B220, B295name=Opt| —230340520660name=SEM|Larger value is with Shift Energy Management torque limiting option}}146.5|kg}}! rowspan=2 | 2000| 2300name=Opt}} — — — — 4.49 —340365510660name=SEM}}146.5|kg}}| 2500, 2550name=Opt}} — — — — 5.09 —340575660name=SEM}}146.5|kg}}! rowspan=5 | 3000| 3000 / B300 / B400| —2804507351250name=SEM}}243|kg}}| 3200| —45012001250name=SEM}}243|kg}}| B3400 xFE| —300925name=SEM}}243|kg}}| 3500| —330985|lbft}}243|kg}}| 3700| —330875|lbft}}530|kg}}! rowspan=4 | 4000| 4000 / 4200 / B500| —42065013001950name=SEM}}377|kg}}| 4430 / 4500 / 4600| —50056515501850name=SEM}}377|kg}}| 4700 / 4750| 17.1256560017701850|lbft}}493|kg}}| 4800 / 4850| 17.127007701950|lbft}}493|kg}}! rowspan=1 | 5000| 5620| 3.4650075016502500|lbft}}998|kg}}! rowspan=3 | 6000| 6620| 3.46700102520003300|lbft}}1025|kg}}| 6625| 3.46700102520003300|lbft}}1025|kg}}| 6630| 3.467602500|lbft}}1025|kg}}! rowspan=1 | 8000| 8610| —850105032003600|lbft}}1678|kg}}! rowspan=5 | 9000| 9610| 4.1313504000|lbft}}1678|kg}}| 9817| —17505250|lbft}}1637|kg}}| 9823| —23506300|lbft}}1637|kg}}| 9826| —26007750|lbft}}1683|kg}}| 9832| —32009000|lbft}}1687|kg}}! rowspan=4 | TC10 TS| 1700-80 7.40 rowspan=4 4.25 rowspan=4 2.94 rowspan=4 1.59 rowspan=4 1.00 rowspan=4 0.71 rowspan=4 | 1.96 {{cvthp}} {{cvtNm}} {{cvtkg}}| 1750-901750|Nm}}| 1850-90 {{cvtNm}}| 1850-110

Notes

{{notelist}}

Discontinued

Off-highway

The model designations for off-highway transmissions marketed under the Powershift TORQMATIC brand were in the format AAAA 1234, where:{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;text-align:center;"|+! AAAAprefix !! 1Series !! 2Capacity !! 3Basic speed range !! 4Version

• CT - Converter Transmission
• CLT - Converter Lockup Transmission
• CLBT - Converter Lockup Transmission with Torqumatic Brake (hydraulic retarder)
• VCLBT - Variable capacity Converter Lockup Transmission with Torqumatic Brake (hydraulic retarder)
• CRT - Converter Reversing Transmission (equal number of forward and reverse speeds)
• DP - Dual Path
• TG - Torqmatic transmission, requires external torque converter
• TT - Twin Turbine converter transmission
• TRT - Twin Turbine converter reversing transmission (equal number of forward and reverse speeds){edih}

• 1 - 1000 series (TT, TRT)
• 2 - 2000 series (TT, TRT, TTB)
• 3 - 3000 series (CLT, CRT, CLBT)
• 4 - 4000 series (CLT, CRT, CLBT, TT, TRT)
• 5 - 5000 series (CRT, CLBT)
• 6 - 6000 series (CLBT)
• 8 - 8000 series (DP){edih}

Series indicates relative size and weight, with higher numbers assigned to larger transmissions.| Maximum input torque (×100) in lbf·ft| Number of forward speeds| Major design revisionFor example, the TT 2220 was a twin-turbine 2000 series automatic transmission with two forward speeds and a maximum input torque capacity of {{cvt|250|lbft}}.WEB,weblink Torqmatic Products Catalog, Allison Division, General Motors Corporation, 21 April 2022, WEB,weblink Allison Products Catalog, Allison Division, General Motors Corporation, 21 April 2022,

On-highway

• First Generation
  • Allison V transmission—VH, VH2, VH4, VH5, VH6, VH7, VH9, VS1, VS2-6, VS2-8
  • Allison MT transmission—MT25, MT30, MT31, MT40, MT41, MT42WEB,weblink Allison fully automatic transmissions: MT series, Allison Division, General Motors Corporation, 21 April 2022,
  • Allison HT transmission—HT70
• Second Generation
  • Allison M and MH marine reverse and reduction gear
  • Allison AT transmission—AT540, AT542, AT543, AT545 (4 speeds)
  • Allison MT transmission—MT640, MT643, MT644, MT647, MT648, MT650, MT653DR, MT654CR, MTB643, MTB644, MTB647, MTB648, MTB653DR, MTB654CR
  • Allison HT transmission—HT740D, HT740RS, HT741, HT746, HT747, HT748, HTB748, HT750CRD, HT750DRD, HT754CRD, HT755CRD, HT755DRD, HTB755CRD, HTB755DRD
  • Allison V transmission—V730, V731, VR731, VR731RH
• Third Generation
  • Allison World Transmission (MD and HD)—MD3060, MD3060P, MD3560, MD3560P, MD3066, MD3066P, HD4060, HD4060P, HD4560, HD4560P

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• {{Official websiteweblink}}
• Allison Transmission Digital Archives Collection at Indiana University Indianapolis{{Finance links| symbol = ALSN| sec_cik = 1411207| google = ALSN:NYSE| yahoo = ALSN| bloomberg = ALSN:US| reuters = ALSN.N

}}

• CONFERENCE, 10.4271/982791, Harmon, K. B., 1998, The History of Allison Automatic Transmissions For On-Highway Trucks and Buses, International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition, 0148-7191,

Hybrid Buses

• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080512014435weblink">Hybrid buses will save an estimated {{convert|2.4|e6USgal|m3}} of fuel annually in Washington D.C., Philadelphia and Minneapolis/St. Paul
• weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110610222044weblink"> Low-Emissions Hybrid Buses.

{{Carlyle Group}}{{General Motors}}{{Automotive industry in the United States}}{{Coord|39|46|46.92|N|86|14|12.39|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=title}}{{Authority control}}