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{{Short description|Election in North Dakota}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
Roosevelt{{legend|#b9d7ff|40-50%}}{{legend|#86b6f2|50-60%}}{{legend|#4389e3|60-70%}}{{legend|#1666cb|70-80%}}{{col-end}}| before_election =
Franklin D. Roosevelt| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)| after_election =
Franklin D. Roosevelt| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)}}{{Elections in North Dakota sidebar}}The
1936 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 3, 1936, as part of the
1936 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the
Electoral College, who voted for
president and
vice president.Ever since statehood, North Dakota had been overwhelmingly Republican at state level and in many presidential elections,Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo Hirano, and Snyder, James M. Jr.; ‘Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980’; in Gerber, Alan S. and Schickler, Eric;
Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, pp. 143-159 {{ISBN|978-1-107-09509-0}} although progressive Democrat
Woodrow Wilson was able to carry the state in both his campaigns in
1912 and
1916, in the second due to his anti-war platform. In the following three elections, the state’s voting would be shaped by its extreme isolationism in the aftermath of President Wilson’s pushing of the nation into
World War I and his “
League of Nations” proposal, to which the Russian-Germans who dominated North Dakota’s populace were vehemently opposed.Lubell, Samuel;
The Future of American Politics (1956), pp. 156-164 North Dakota thus shifted markedly from voting four-to-one for
Warren G. Harding against the pro-League
James M. Cox in
1920, to being the second-strongest state for
Robert La Follette under the
Nonpartisan League banner in
1924, to strong pro-Catholic and
anti-Prohibition voting for
Al Smith in
1928. Severe drought and depression in the following three years turned the state overwhelmingly to
Franklin D. Roosevelt in
1932, despite President Hoover’s call to “be safe” by supporting him, and at the same time North Dakota elected progressive, pro-
New Deal Republicans to fill its House and Senate seats.Grant, Michael Johnston; Francis, Charles A. and
Flora, Cornelia;
Down and Out on the Family Farm: Rural Rehabilitation in the Great Plains, 1929-1945, pp. 69-70 {{ISBN|9780803271050}} One of these, Gerald Nye, would say in 1934 that the GOP needed to{{cquote|turn its back up “that which has been its undoing, namely the private money bags”.Sheppard, Si;
The Buying of the Presidency? Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Election of 1936, p. 25 {{ISBN|9781440831058}}}}Roosevelt won North Dakota by a margin of 33.02 percentage points and for the second consecutive election carried every county in the state. {{As of|2020|11|alt=As of the
2020 presidential election}}, this is the last time that a Democratic presidential candidate has carried every county in the state (which previously occurred in 1932 as well). This is also the last time one has carried the following counties:
Golden Valley,
Grant,
Kidder,
Logan,
McIntosh,
Mercer and
Sheridan.Sullivan, Robert David;
‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’;
America Magazine in
The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
Results{| class“wikitable”
! colspan=“7” | 1936 United States presidential election in North DakotaWEB,
uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1936&fips=38&f=0&off=0&elect=0, 1936 Presidential General Election Results – North Dakota, November 4, 2018,
style="background:#eee; text-align:center;“! colspan=“2” style="width: 15em” |Party! style="width: 15em” |Candidate! style="width: 10em” |Running mate! style="width: 5em” |Votes! style="width: 5em” |%! style="width: 5em” |Electoral votes
! style="background:#33f; width:3px;“|| Democratic| Franklin D. Roosevelt| John Nance Garner | 163,148 | 59.60% | 4 |
! style="background:#f33; width:3px;“|| Republican| Alf Landon| Frank Knox | 72,751 | 26.58% | 0 |
! style="background:#7F3300; width:3px;“|| Union| William Lemke | Thomas C. O’Brien | 36,708 | 13.41% | 0 |
! style="background:#CD3700; width:3px;“|| Socialist| Norman Thomas| George A. Nelson | 552 | 0.20% | 0 |
! style="background:#D50000; width:3px;“|| Communist| Earl Browder| James W. Ford | 360 | 0.13% | 0 |
! style="background:#FF00FF; width:3px;“|| Prohibition| D. Leigh Colvin| Claude A. Watson | 197 | 0.07% | 0 |
style="background:#eee; text-align:right;”| Total | 273,716 | 100.0% | 4 |
Results by county{| class“wikitable sortable”
! rowspan=“2” |CountyWEB, ND US President Race, November 03, 1936,
www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=2884, Our Campaigns, ! colspan=“2” |Franklin Delano RooseveltDemocratic! colspan=“2” |Alfred Mossman LandonRepublican! colspan=“2” |William Frederick LemkeUnion! colspan=“2” |Norman Mattoon ThomasSocialist! colspan=“2” |Earl Russell BrowderCommunist! colspan=“2” |David Leigh ColvinProhibition! colspan=“2” |Margin! rowspan=“2” |Total votes cast
style="text-align:center;“! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%! data-sort-type=“number” |#! data-sort-type=“number” |%
style="text-align:center;”| Adams | 1,321 | 54.95% | 746 | 31.03% | 310 | 12.90% | 5 | 0.21% | 7 | 0.29% | 15 | 0.62% | 575 | 23.92% | 2,404 |
style="text-align:center;”| Barnes | 4,484 | 57.89% | 2,324 | 30.00% | 909 | 11.74% | 17 | 0.22% | 4 | 0.05% | 8 | 0.10% | 2,160 | 27.89% | 7,746 |
style="text-align:center;”| Benson | 3,343 | 62.33% | 1,020 | 19.02% | 985 | 18.37% | 11 | 0.21% | 1 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.06% | 2,323 | 43.32% | 5,363 |
style="text-align:center;”| Billings | 729 | 59.17% | 329 | 26.70% | 155 | 12.58% | 18 | 1.46% | 1 | 0.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 400 | 32.47% | 1,232 |
style="text-align:center;”| Bottineau | 3,286 | 56.86% | 1,224 | 21.18% | 1,236 | 21.39% | 24 | 0.42% | 2 | 0.03% | 7 | 0.12% | 2,050{{efn | In this county where Lemke ran second ahead of Landon, margin given is Roosevelt vote minus Lemke vote and percentage margin Roosevelt percentage minus Lemke percentage.}} | 35.47% | 5,779 |
style="text-align:center;”| Bowman | 1,118 | 55.62% | 534 | 26.57% | 346 | 17.21% | 11 | 0.55% | 1 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 584 | 29.05% | 2,010 |
style="text-align:center;”| Burke | 1,821 | 48.81% | 684 | 18.33% | 1,180 | 31.63% | 25 | 0.67% | 17 | 0.46% | 4 | 0.11% | 641{{efn|name=“LemkedLandon“}} | 17.18% | 3,731 |
style="text-align:center;”| Burleigh | 6,314 | 64.94% | 2,447 | 25.17% | 905 | 9.31% | 22 | 0.23% | 27 | 0.28% | 8 | 0.08% | 3,867 | 39.77% | 9,723 |
style="text-align:center;”| Cass | 12,400 | 57.22% | 7,632 | 35.22% | 1,548 | 7.14% | 62 | 0.29% | 14 | 0.06% | 14 | 0.06% | 4,768 | 22.00% | 21,670 |
style="text-align:center;”| Cavalier | 3,533 | 60.82% | 1,657 | 28.52% | 614 | 10.57% | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.05% | 1,876 | 32.29% | 5,809 |
style="text-align:center;”| Dickey | 2,287 | 51.30% | 1,533 | 34.39% | 595 | 13.35% | 5 | 0.11% | 33 | 0.74% | 5 | 0.11% | 754 | 16.91% | 4,458 |
style="text-align:center;”| Divide | 2,212 | 62.56% | 585 | 16.54% | 731 | 20.67% | 4 | 0.11% | 3 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,481{{efn|name=“LemkedLandon“}} | 41.88% | 3,536 |
style="text-align:center;”| Dunn | 2,257 | 66.76% | 732 | 21.65% | 379 | 11.21% | 1 | 0.03% | 11 | 0.33% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,525 | 45.10% | 3,381 |
style="text-align:center;”| Eddy | 1,729 | 63.78% | 579 | 21.36% | 382 | 14.09% | 3 | 0.11% | 17 | 0.63% | 1 | 0.04% | 1,150 | 42.42% | 2,711 |
style="text-align:center;”| Emmons | 2,424 | 57.95% | 1,117 | 26.70% | 638 | 15.25% | 2 | 0.05% | 2 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,307 | 31.25% | 4,183 |
style="text-align:center;”| Foster | 1,894 | 68.65% | 685 | 24.83% | 175 | 6.34% | 4 | 0.14% | 1 | 0.04% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,209 | 43.82% | 2,759 |
style="text-align:center;”| Golden Valley | 991 | 59.73% | 581 | 35.02% | 77 | 4.64% | 4 | 0.24% | 6 | 0.36% | 0 | 0.00% | 410 | 24.71% | 1,659 |
style="text-align:center;”| Grand Forks | 9,222 | 63.39% | 4,312 | 29.64% | 980 | 6.74% | 17 | 0.12% | 9 | 0.06% | 9 | 0.06% | 4,910 | 33.75% | 14,549 |
style="text-align:center;”| Grant | 1,858 | 53.76% | 1,022 | 29.57% | 566 | 16.38% | 6 | 0.17% | 4 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 836 | 24.19% | 3,456 |
style="text-align:center;”| Griggs | 1,665 | 61.15% | 666 | 24.46% | 386 | 14.18% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.11% | 999 | 36.69% | 2,723 |
style="text-align:center;”| Hettinger | 1,383 | 41.69% | 989 | 29.82% | 937 | 28.25% | 8 | 0.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 394 | 11.88% | 3,317 |
style="text-align:center;”| Kidder | 1,492 | 50.89% | 872 | 29.74% | 561 | 19.13% | 1 | 0.03% | 6 | 0.20% | 0 | 0.00% | 620 | 21.15% | 2,932 |
style="text-align:center;”| LaMoure | 2,412 | 49.52% | 1,614 | 33.13% | 826 | 16.96% | 11 | 0.23% | 1 | 0.02% | 7 | 0.14% | 798 | 16.38% | 4,871 |
style="text-align:center;”| Logan | 1,292 | 45.11% | 984 | 34.36% | 584 | 20.39% | 1 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.03% | 308 | 10.75% | 2,864 |
style="text-align:center;”| McHenry | 3,294 | 53.40% | 1,619 | 26.24% | 1,222 | 19.81% | 8 | 0.13% | 20 | 0.32% | 6 | 0.10% | 1,675 | 27.15% | 6,169 |
style="text-align:center;”| McIntosh | 1,900 | 52.36% | 1,469 | 40.48% | 255 | 7.03% | 2 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.03% | 2 | 0.06% | 431 | 11.88% | 3,629 |
style="text-align:center;”| McKenzie | 2,885 | 74.20% | 570 | 14.66% | 409 | 10.52% | 5 | 0.13% | 15 | 0.39% | 4 | 0.10% | 2,315 | 59.54% | 3,888 |
style="text-align:center;”| McLean | 4,018 | 58.55% | 1,732 | 25.24% | 1,028 | 14.98% | 64 | 0.93% | 16 | 0.23% | 4 | 0.06% | 2,286 | 33.31% | 6,862 |
style="text-align:center;”| Mercer | 1,924 | 53.16% | 1,142 | 31.56% | 548 | 15.14% | 3 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 782 | 21.61% | 3,619 |
style="text-align:center;”| Morton | 5,612 | 69.37% | 1,857 | 22.95% | 608 | 7.52% | 3 | 0.04% | 3 | 0.04% | 7 | 0.09% | 3,755 | 46.42% | 8,090 |
style="text-align:center;”| Mountrail | 2,775 | 58.19% | 700 | 14.68% | 1,227 | 25.73% | 20 | 0.42% | 39 | 0.82% | 8 | 0.17% | 1,548{{efn|name=“LemkedLandon“}} | 32.46% | 4,769 |
style="text-align:center;”| Nelson | 2,954 | 65.78% | 1,002 | 22.31% | 524 | 11.67% | 6 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.04% | 1,952 | 43.46% | 4,491 |
style="text-align:center;”| Oliver | 906 | 57.60% | 469 | 29.82% | 197 | 12.52% | 1 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 437 | 27.78% | 1,573 |
style="text-align:center;”| Pembina | 4,139 | 63.86% | 2,040 | 31.48% | 293 | 4.52% | 6 | 0.09% | 3 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,099 | 32.39% | 6,481 |
style="text-align:center;”| Pierce | 2,168 | 57.60% | 912 | 24.23% | 676 | 17.96% | 4 | 0.11% | 3 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,256 | 33.37% | 3,764 |
style="text-align:center;”| Ramsey | 4,559 | 65.19% | 1,784 | 25.51% | 642 | 9.18% | 6 | 0.09% | 1 | 0.01% | 1 | 0.01% | 2,775 | 39.68% | 6,993 |
style="text-align:center;”| Ransom | 2,385 | 55.49% | 1,303 | 30.32% | 600 | 13.96% | 5 | 0.12% | 3 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.05% | 1,082 | 25.17% | 4,298 |
style="text-align:center;”| Renville | 1,766 | 61.73% | 611 | 21.36% | 444 | 15.52% | 37 | 1.29% | 2 | 0.07% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,155 | 40.37% | 2,861 |
style="text-align:center;”| Richland | 3,792 | 49.92% | 2,386 | 31.41% | 1,361 | 17.92% | 47 | 0.62% | 6 | 0.08% | 4 | 0.05% | 1,406 | 18.51% | 7,596 |
style="text-align:center;”| Rolette | 3,186 | 71.89% | 857 | 19.34% | 386 | 8.71% | 3 | 0.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,329 | 52.55% | 4,432 |
style="text-align:center;”| Sargent | 2,306 | 64.47% | 863 | 24.13% | 397 | 11.10% | 6 | 0.17% | 3 | 0.08% | 2 | 0.06% | 1,443 | 40.34% | 3,577 |
style="text-align:center;”| Sheridan | 1,150 | 41.10% | 834 | 29.81% | 808 | 28.88% | 1 | 0.04% | 2 | 0.07% | 3 | 0.11% | 316 | 11.29% | 2,798 |
style="text-align:center;”| Sioux | 877 | 52.70% | 585 | 35.16% | 198 | 11.90% | 2 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 292 | 17.55% | 1,664 |
style="text-align:center;”| Slope | 896 | 63.05% | 331 | 23.29% | 193 | 13.58% | 1 | 0.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 565 | 39.76% | 1,421 |
style="text-align:center;”| Stark | 4,012 | 65.35% | 1,602 | 26.10% | 511 | 8.32% | 8 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.03% | 4 | 0.07% | 2,410 | 39.26% | 6,139 |
style="text-align:center;”| Steele | 1,444 | 50.26% | 724 | 25.20% | 698 | 24.30% | 4 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.10% | 0 | 0.00% | 720 | 25.06% | 2,873 |
style="text-align:center;”| Stutsman | 5,564 | 59.39% | 2,725 | 29.09% | 1,064 | 11.36% | 11 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.02% | 3 | 0.03% | 2,839 | 30.30% | 9,369 |
style="text-align:center;”| Towner | 1,744 | 54.26% | 720 | 22.40% | 743 | 23.12% | 3 | 0.09% | 4 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,001{{efn|name=“LemkedLandon“}} | 31.14% | 3,214 |
style="text-align:center;”| Traill | 2,780 | 52.76% | 1,807 | 34.29% | 666 | 12.64% | 5 | 0.09% | 6 | 0.11% | 5 | 0.09% | 973 | 18.47% | 5,269 |
style="text-align:center;”| Walsh | 5,756 | 70.32% | 1,813 | 22.15% | 604 | 7.38% | 8 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.02% | 2 | 0.02% | 3,943 | 48.17% | 8,185 |
style="text-align:center;”| Ward | 8,872 | 63.12% | 3,142 | 22.36% | 2,005 | 14.27% | 15 | 0.11% | 13 | 0.09% | 8 | 0.06% | 5,730 | 40.77% | 14,055 |
style="text-align:center;”| Wells | 3,114 | 58.78% | 1,263 | 23.84% | 918 | 17.33% | 3 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,851 | 34.94% | 5,298 |
style="text-align:center;”| Williams | 4,903 | 65.61% | 1,021 | 13.66% | 1,478 | 19.78% | 23 | 0.31% | 44 | 0.59% | 4 | 0.05% | 3,425{{efn|name=“LemkedLandon“}} | 45.83% | 7,473 |
!Totals!!163,148!!59.60%!!72,751!!26.58%!!36,708!!13.41%!!552!!0.20%!!360!!0.13%!!197!!0.07%!!90,397!!33.03%!!273,716
Analysis
Controversial
Louisiana Governor and
Senator Huey P. Long had planned to run against incumbent Roosevelt on an economically more radical platform in the 1936 election,Berlet, Chip and Lyons, Matthew N.;
Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort, p. 128 {{ISBN|9781572305687}} but
was assassinated in September 1935. The ashes of Long’s movement were taken over by “radio priest”
Father Charles Coughlin, who nominated local Representative
William Lemke as the presidential candidate of the new “Union Party” on June 9,Brinkley, Alan;
Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great Depression, p. 255 {{ISBN|9780394522418}} whose platform was vague and clearly Coughlin’s personal creation.Schlesinger, Arthur M.;
The Politics of Upheaval, 1935-1936, pp. 554-559 {{ISBN| 0618340874}} Lemke had had a long history as a progressive reformer since endorsing Woodrow Wilson
in 1912.Pearson, Drew and Allen, Robert S.; ‘The Washington Merry-Go-Round’;
The Lock Haven Express, August 1, 1936, p. 1Lemke was a poor campaigner and speaker, and unable to build his hoped-for “consensus of despair” amongst agrarian radicals, southern
poor whites, Catholics and the elderly.
Horowitz, David A.;
Beyond Left and Right: Insurgency and the Establishment, pp. 113-114 {{ISBN|0252065689}} The “favorite son” effect and the state’s extreme isolationism meant Lemke received 13.41 percent of his home state’s vote – over four and a half times the 2.88 percent of on-ballot votes he won nationally.{{efn|The Lemke—O’Brien ticket was not on the ballot in
Arkansas,
California,
Florida,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Mississippi,
Nevada,
New York,
North Carolina,
Oklahoma,
South Carolina,
Vermont and
West Virginia.}} Lemke exceeded 28 percent in the counties of
Burke,
Sheridan and
Hettinger, and ran second ahead of Republican nominee
Alf Landon in six counties. However, he did not make the impact personally expected when nominated, and unlike elsewhere in the nation, Lemke’s best vote was not where ethnic and religious influences might have been expected to give him the largest vote, but in the northwest where local leaders held votes for him.Blackorby, Edward C.; ‘William Lemke: Agrarian Radical and Union Party Presidential Candidate’;
The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 49, No. 1 (June 1962), pp. 67-84 Nonetheless, only
Ross Perot in 1992 and
Evan McMullin in 2016 have since equaled Lemke’s performance for a third-party candidate in any non-southern county.{{efn|name=“civil“|Between
1948 and
1968 inclusive, the political impact of the
Civil Rights Movement meant
unpledged and “Dixiecrat” nominees frequently exceeded Lemke’s best performance and outpolled one or both major-party nominees in the Deep South and occasionally elsewhere in
antebellum slave states.}}
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|60em}}{{North Dakota elections}}{{State Results of the 1936 U.S. presidential election}}
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