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team sport
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{{Short description|Sport with players in opposing teams}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}File:Australia vs India.jpg|thumb|right|CricketCricketFile:LIF-VIK block.jpg|thumb|right|Ice hockeyIce hockeyFile:Bandy in Medeu Kazakhstan.JPG|thumb|Based on the number of participating athletes, BandyBandy A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport necessitates the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar object in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal.JOURNAL, Bouthier, Daniel, Godbout, Paul, Gréhaigne, Jean-Francis, Performance Assessment in Team Sports, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 1997, 16, 4, 500â516, 10.1123/jtpe.16.4.500,weblink 20 July 2022, Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.WEB, Laterality Effects on Performance in Team Sports, ScienceDirect,weblink 5 September 2023, - the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Distinctions
The meaning of a "team sport" has been disputed in recent years. Some types of sports have different objectives or rules than "traditional" team sports. These types of team sports do not involve teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar object in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Overall, the division into team sports and individual sports is not always unproblematic since there are different combinations in the individual sports.Team sports and individual-to-team events
Pure team sports
This includes sports that can only be practiced as a team sport. The number of team members is fixed for the team. In order to compete successfully in championships and tournaments, teams need a roster that is significantly larger than the number of players starting the game. Players may be substituted from a squad in competition matches to replace exhausted or injured players or to make tactical changes.Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey.Teams of two people are sports, such as dancesport or beach volleyball. No substitute players are used here. The two partners are absolutely dependent on each other. The absence of a person here means a loss of competitiveness.WEB, Why Beach Volleyball Has Only 2 players? (EXPLAINED) â Volley Expert, Volley Expert,weblink 5 September 2023, WEB, FIVBBVBSportsRegulations, FIVB.com, Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB),weblink 5 September 2023, WEB, WDSF Competition Rules (2023), worlddancesport.org, World DanceSport Federation (WDSF),weblink 5 September 2023,Formations
In addition, there are sports, while mostly played in singles, that are also played in different formations together cooperatively, such as badminton, table tennis, or tennis in doubles. However, this formation is significantly lower in terms of prestige, spectators, and prize money.WEB, US Open Prize Money 2023 - Perfect Tennis, perfect-tennis.com,weblink 5 September 2023, In these formations, common tactics, teamwork, and agreements are crucial for success. There are also different rowing formations, such as one, two, four, and eight, or sailing with their different boat classes.BOOK, British Rowing, 2021 Rules of Racing, 2021, 10,weblinkweblink April 10, 2021, live, WEB, World Sailing - World Sailing Classes, sailing.org, World Sailing,weblink 5 September 2023, The most important thing here is smooth movements and common tactics. This also applies approximately to the team time trial in cycling,WEB, How to ride a team time trial â EF Education-EasyPost, EF PRO CYCLING,weblink 5 September 2023, WEB, Anatomy of a Team Time Trial â TrainingPeaks, TRAININGPEAKS,weblink 5 September 2023, which is the case with cycling tours and one-day races, which are different tasks for the team members of a cycling team.WEB, Cycling 101: Type of riders, tourdownunder.com,weblink 5 September 2023, WEB, The role of the road captain in professional cycling â Rouleur, rouleur.cc,weblink 5 September 2023,Relays
In some sports, relay races are held, which can be distinguished from pure team evaluations by a common racing tactic and the observance of change regulations. Relay races are common in running, swimming, cross-country skiing, biathlon, or short-track speed skating and are also an integral part of the Olympic Games programWEB, Olympics Sports List, olympics.com, International Olympic Committee,weblink 5 September 2023, with high popularity.WEB, Relay Races â Olympics.com, olympics.com, International Olympic Committee,weblink 5 September 2023, WEB, USA Swimming offers $1 million for Olympic relay sweep - NBC Sports, nbc.com, NBC,weblink 5 September 2023,Team ratings
There are team ratings in many sports, and the results of individual athletes or formations are added up.In cycling, team members, whilst still in competition with each other, will also work towards assisting one member of the team, usually a specialist, to the highest possible finishing position.WEB,weblink Five good reasons to follow the team classification, 28 June 2011, 29 June 2011, Amaury Sport Organisation, Letour.fr,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101022110152weblink">weblink 22 October 2010, dead, dmy-all, In some sports where participants are entered by a team, they do not only compete against members of other teams, but also against each other for points towards championship standings, for example, in motorsport, particularly Formula One.WEB, 2023 Constructor Standings, formula1.com, Formula One Groupaccess-date= 5 September 2023, Team orders can occur in such teams and although previously accepted were banned in Formula OneHTTP://PADDOCKTALK.COM/NEWS/HTML/MODULES/EW_FILEMANAGER/07IMAGES/F1/FIA/033007_2008_F1_SPORTING_REGULATIONS.PDF>TITLE=2008 FIA FORMULA ONE SPORTING REGULATIONS | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20081206120227/HTTP://PADDOCKTALK.COM/NEWS/HTML/MODULES/EW_FILEMANAGER/07IMAGES/F1/FIA/033007_2008_F1_SPORTING_REGULATIONS.PDF | URL-STATUS=DEAD, between 2002 and 2010. After a controversy involving team orders at the 2010 German Grand Prix however, the regulation was removed as of the {{f1 | ACCESS-DATE=21 OCTOBER 2018 | ARCHIVE-DATE=24 JANUARY 2011, live, Overview comparison{| class"wikitable" style"font-size:90%;" |+ Overview comparison | |
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History
(File:Pankratiasten in fight copy of greek statue 3 century bC.jpg|right|thumb|Ancient Greek wrestlers.)Areas around the Mediterranean had a long tradition of athletic events. Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians depicted athletic scenes in the tombs of kings and their nobles. They did not, however, hold regular competitions, and those events that occurred were probably the preserve of kings and upper classes. Minoans culture held gymnastics in high esteem, with bull-leaping, tumbling, running, wrestling and boxing shown on their frescoes. The Mycenaeans adopted Minoan games and also raced chariots in religious or funerary ceremonies.Young, pp. 5â6BOOK, Wendy J. Raschke, Archaeology Of The Olympics: The Olympics & Other Festivals In Antiquity,weblink 12 August 2012, 15 June 1988, Univ of Wisconsin Press, 978-0-299-11334-6, 22â, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131012003844weblink">weblink 12 October 2013, dmy-all, Homer's heroes participate in athletic competitions to honor the dead. In the Iliad there are chariot races, boxing, wrestling, a foot race, as well as fencing, archery, and spear throwing. The Odyssey adds to these a long jump and discus throw.Young, p. 6(File:Pok ta pok ballgame maya indians mexico 3.JPG|thumb|right|The ball in front of the goal during a game of pok-ta-pok, 2006)It was in Greece that sports were first instituted formally, with the first Olympic Games recorded in 776 BCE in Olympia, where they were celebrated until 393 CE.WEB, History, Olympic Games, 5 September 2023,weblink live,weblink 9 August 2016, dmy-all, These ancient Olympic Games consisted of running, long jump, boxing, wrestling, Pankration (combat sport), discus throw, and javelin throw.WEB, Ancient Olympic Sports - running, long jump, discus, pankration, olympics.com, International Olympic Committee,weblink 5 September 2023, In the Bayankhongor Province of Mongolia, Neolithic-era cave paintings dating to 7000 BC depict a wrestling match surrounded by crowds.WEB,weblink Hartsell, Jeff, Wrestling 'in our blood, Bulldogs' Luvsandor, 25 October 2015, 16 March 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130316055457weblink">weblink dead, Prehistoric cave-paintings in Japan show a sport similar to sumo wrestling.BOOK, Robert Crego, Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries,weblink registration, 25 October 2015, 2003, Greenwood Publishing Group, 978-0-313-31610-4, 34â, In Wadi Sura, near Gilf Kebir in Libya, a Neolithic rock painting in the cave of swimmers shows evidence of swimming and archery being practiced around 6000 BC.BOOK, GyÅzÅ Vörös, Egyptian Temple Architecture: 100 Years of Hungarian Excavations in Egypt, 1907â 2007,weblink 25 October 2015, 2007, American Univ in Cairo Press, 978-963-662-084-4, 39â, Team sports have a rich and ancient history dating back thousands of years. These activities served as important facets of society, not only for physical fitness but also for social, cultural, and even political purposes. In ancient civilizations, team sports were prevalent and often intertwined with religious and cultural practices. In Mesoamerica, the Aztec ball game, ollamaliztli, was not just a sport but also a ritual with symbolic significance.BOOK, E. Michael Whittington, The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame,weblink 2001, Thames & Hudson, 978-0500051085, The Greeks, who laid the foundations for many contemporary sports, held various team sports as central to their culture. The Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BCE, featured events like chariot racing and team foot races, fostering unity and friendly competition among city-states.BOOK, Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics,weblink 4 September 2023, 2006, Yale University Press, 978-0300115291, The Spartans, known for their military prowess, engaged in team sports like the episkyros, a type of football.BOOK, Stephen G. Miller, Ancient Greek Athletics,weblink 4 September 2023, 2006, Yale University Press, 978-0300115291, 148â,244â, Rome adopted and adapted many Greek sports, introducing harpastum, a ball game similar to soccer, and ludi circenses, which included team chariot racing. These sports provided a sense of entertainment and unity, while also serving as a means of social control.BOOK, Mark Golden, Sport and Society in Ancient Greece,weblink 4 September 2023, 2010, Cambridge University Press, 978-0521497909, In ancient China, cuju was a popular team sport akin to modern soccer, played as early as the Han dynasty (206 BCE â 220 CE). The sport was not only a form of entertainment but also a means of fostering camaraderie among communities.WEB, History of Football - The Origins,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171028084304weblink">weblink 2017-10-28, 29 March 2019, FIFA, Throughout history, team sports have reflected the values and priorities of their respective cultures. Whether it was the competitive spirit of the Greeks, the discipline of the Romans, or the communal bonding in China, ancient team sports played an integral role in the social fabric of civilizations. They transcended mere physical activity, serving as a testament to the enduring significance of sports in human history. Today, these ancient traditions continue to influence modern team sports, reminding us of the timeless appeal and cultural importance of collective athletic endeavors.Olympic team sports
status after the 2022 Winter OlympicsCurrent Olympic team sports (16)
Summer Olympics (14){| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: 75%"!rowspan=2|Sport!colspan=2; style="background-color:lightblue"|Men!colspan=2; style="background-color:lightpink"|WomenDiscontinued Olympic team sports (3)
- (File:Polo pictogram.svg|20px) Polo at the Summer Olympics (on 5 editions: 1900 Paris, 1908 London, 1920 Antwerp, 1924 Paris, 1936 Berlin)
- (File:Rugby union pictogram.svg|20px) Rugby Union at the Summer Olympics (on 4 editions: 1900 Paris, 1908 London, 1920 Antwerp, 1924 Paris)
- (File:tug of war pictogram.svg|20px) Tug of War at the Summer Olympics (on 5 editions: 1900 Paris to 1920 Antwerp)
Demonstration team sports at the Olympic Games (9)
- Gaelic football (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: 1904 St. Louis)
- American football (on 2 editions as a demonstration sport: 1904 St. Louis and Los Angeles 1932)
- Hurling (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: 1904 St. Louis)
- Cycle polo (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: London 1908)
- Korfball (on 2 editions as a demonstration sport: 1920 Antwerp and Amsterdam 1928)
- Kaatsen (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: Amsterdam 1928)
- Pesäpallo (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: Helsinki 1952)
- Australian football (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: Melbourne 1956)
- Roller hockey (on 1 edition as a demonstration sport: 1992 Barcelona)
See also
- Olympic Sports
- Individual sport
- Major professional sports teams of the United States and Canada
- Most valuable player
- Professional sports leagues in the United States
- Relay race
- Sports strategy
References
{{Reflist}}Bibliography- BOOK,weblink A Brief History of the Olympic Games, Young, David C., Blackwell Publishing, 2004, 978-1-4051-1130-0,weblink 9 October 2016, dead,
External links
{{Commons category|Team sports}}- {{Wiktionary-inline|team sport}}
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- "team sport" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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